Manufacturing paving slabs how business at home is great solution to maintain economic activity. The demand for building material in combination with a competently organized production process will allow the head of the business not only to receive a stable income, but also to flourish. The acquisition of high-quality raw materials and compliance with technological standards are a guarantee of success, which will quickly change the status of a small business to a large one. Additional income can be obtained by expanding the scope of activities in the field of tile laying services. This solution will attract customers who want to receive a comprehensive service.

Organization of paving slab production business

About the product

With the growth of people's well-being, it becomes topical issue about practical and aesthetic changes in the environment in the place of residence, recreation and business. The happy owners of private houses are given the opportunity to express themselves through the arrangement of the courtyard, paths and separate areas adjacent to the buildings. Finishing is made by paving slabs. To date, this construction material is considered one of the most popular, because with its help you can not only create beautiful view in the yard, on the streets, near the entrance to the company's office, in parks, but also to ensure traffic in these places.

Paving slabs can level any road, providing the possibility of a comfortable access to the required place, as well as minimizing the impact of mud in rainy weather on human shoes.

Business Advantages and Disadvantages

The production of paving slabs as a business has a number of advantages and disadvantages, expressed in the nuances of production, sale and installation of products. Positive sides entrepreneurial activity in this area are the growth in demand for the product and related services. The main clients are representatives of middle class citizens and successful businesses. For such consumers of services, the quality of the building material and the services provided for its installation are important. Cost criteria for them are usually not relevant. This makes it possible to make good money by setting high prices, which should not be raised more than those of competitors engaged in similar activities.

Varieties of used forms for the manufacture of paving slabs

Registration of a business is limited to the registration of a business entity. It does not require permits to operate. Also, you do not need special skills in the construction industry. The nuances of production technology can be mastered in practice by trial and error, which will be excluded from the technology after the first batch of products. Production can be organized in any room in which the inhabitants of neighboring objects will not be disturbed by noise and vibration. These factors are practically eliminated when using high-quality imported equipment.

The technological process is provided by several workers, and the area required for production should slightly exceed the size of the equipment. The business in the production of paving slabs is characterized by profitability and quick payback, provided that it is properly organized. Along with the many advantages of doing business, there are also negative aspects. They are expressed in fierce competition, since many want quick and easy money, which is easy to earn in this area.

The activity is classified as seasonal. Purchases are typical only for the warm time period. This causes the absence of activity or its maintenance in small volumes in winter time. Low wages due to part-time employment during this period may provoke a desire among employees to find new job. In this case, the head of the company will have to look for a replacement for them. It is worth noting that the production of tiles is boring and monotonous work, therefore, even with high wages, the business organizer will have to put up with staff turnover.

Pouring the prepared mixture into molds

Types of materials used in production

The production technology of paving slabs implies the production of several types of products: vibrocasting, vibropressed and hydropressed. vibrocasting tiles suitable for paths that are not planned to be affected by the gravity of objects moved along it. Vibropressed and hydropressed tiles fit in places where heavy load is planned. Paving slabs can be made from concrete, clay, or expensive natural stones which give the product durability.

Read also: Do-it-yourself flexible stone production technology

room

When compiling a business plan for the production of paving slabs from scratch, a section should be included in the document about the characteristics of the premises used for production.

Its parameters must correspond to the chosen method of production, the type of equipment used and the number of workers employed in the production of products. You should not consider the option of buying or renting a room whose area is less than 70 square meters, since these dimensions are comfortable for small equipment and a minimum number of employees involved in the production. With an increase in productivity, you will have to worry about expanding production areas. When choosing the location of the premises for the implementation of a business idea with the production of paving slabs, one should pay attention to industrial zones that have convenient access and a place for storing raw materials and finished products. By choosing an object located near the place of purchase of raw materials, you can save on its delivery.

Tile with the addition of dyes

The main criterion for choosing a room is its specifications. It must be supplied with electricity, with a minimum voltage of 360 V. Sewerage is recommended, as well as a supply tap water, hot and cold. The best option there will be insulated floors, as well as the possibility of heating the production premises and warehouse, since the drying of finished products after processing in drying chamber carried out in a dry and warm room.

Equipment

An obligatory element of the technological operation is vibrocompression. To ensure this process, special complex equipment for the production of paving slabs is required, which includes:

• vibropress;
• concrete mixer;
• punch.

The cost of such a line exceeds $30,000. When buying each component of the equipment separately, its complex can be much cheaper. This is due to the choice of machine tools manufacturers offering their products cheaper. You can save money by making equipment to order or on your own.

vibrocasting tiles

For example, a vibrating table for the production of paving slabs with your own hands can be made even without experience in working with metal. For this you need to have welding machine, grinder and drill. The main expense in the manufacture of equipment will be the purchase of metal sheets. A well-designed scheme of the machine, as well as following the instructions for its manufacture, will save the money of the business organizer, since the price of the finished table is calculated in thousands of dollars.

Raw materials used

Filling the form with a pre-prepared mixture

For the manufacture of paving slabs, a concrete mixture is used, consisting of cement, crushed stone and construction sand. Special additives-plasticizers are used to improve product characteristics. The use of coloring pigments is used to impart a variety of shades to tiles used to create unique architectural forms. When choosing raw materials, one should take into account the requirements for its parameters. Crushed stone fractions should not exceed 10 millimeters, and sand grain size should not exceed 5 millimeters.

You can talk a lot about the imperfection of the world, in which economic crises occur at least once every ten years, or you can independently determine the direction of activity that will bring a stable income, regardless of the global financial situation. These activities include those in which people will always be interested. Including all activities related to decorating the interior space of an apartment or a country house, finishing the territory of a personal plot. For example, the production of paving slabs. The main component of future success in such a situation is the high-quality and original preparation of a business plan, on the basis of which successful and fruitful activities will be carried out in the future.

The competition in this market is quite high, but the demand for this finishing material is quite large. It is formed due to the constantly increasing indicators of private suburban construction, performing work on the improvement of the territories of urban and rural settlements, plain asphalt on the sidewalks of which was often laid during the Moscow Olympics-80.

This type of business is recognized as one of the least expensive. In order to start your own production, you will need from 100,000 US dollars.

Registration, taxes, certification

In any situation, you have to start with registration. For a small production at the first stages of activity, it is enough to register in the role. The production of paving slabs is convenient as a start-up with a minimum number of permits required for such work and a simple taxation scheme. Registration of the manufacturer as an individual entrepreneur makes it possible to choose 6%.

There is no mandatory certification for paving slabs. True, given the significant role that potential buyers give to his presence, the certificate can be ordered additionally. In such a situation, the finished samples in the certification service will be carefully checked for the level of moisture resistance, frost resistance, readiness to withstand mechanical stress and negative influence environment, including retaining color under constant exposure to direct sun rays. Due to the ease of manufacturing industrial batches of beautiful and original paving slabs, such a confirmation of high quality will be an additional argument for a potential buyer to choose our offer.

What is included in the business plan for the production of paving slabs?

An important basis for future success is a detailed assessment of the production options for this practical finishing material with selection options for buyers of lots.

Experienced producers recommend paying attention to the private sector in the early stages. Here it is required not a large number of units of paving slabs in ordered batches. At the same time, the demand of the private sector for this material is high. Repair garden paths can be done literally every year.

In addition, paving slabs are often in demand by representatives of local city organizations. When choosing a material that is reliable in operation, it is paving slabs that are ready to become both an adornment of the territory of any settlement and the basis for increasing the comfort of everyone who lives in it.

You will also need to accurately assess what equipment will be required from the first stages of activity. This will help you immediately determine the parameters of the costs that will be spent on its acquisition. Also, the business plan includes information on the amount of materials that will be required for the fast and high-quality execution of batches of any scale.

Production room

The ideal situation would be for a novice entrepreneur to have their own premises for organizing production. It can be quite compact.

All equipment can be easily accommodated in an area of ​​50 square meters. Of these, it is enough to allocate no more than 35 square meters for production. The remaining 15 square meters will be used for the storage of manufactured products.

You can rent the space you need. It is important that it meets the requirements fire safety and had a permanent connection to the power supply. Also in the room you will need to install a drying chamber.

Technologies for the manufacture of paving slabs

Today there are two basic technologies production of this convenient and practical material.

In the case when it is planned to immediately start with the production of sufficiently large batches, it is recommended to use vibropressing technologies. This technology includes several basic stages of activity.

• Preparation of concrete using a concrete mixer, from which, after preparing the mixture, the mass is placed in a vibropress, in its matrix.
• The second stage is the work of vibrators and a punch, which make the material dense and send the material prepared for drying to a mold pallet, which is sent for drying.
• At the third stage, future reliable and durable tiles are dried in a thermo-moist way, in the role of which ordinary hot water vapor can be used. To minimize the cost of performing a full range of work, pallets with products can be dried without the use of specialized steam installations - just indoors.

What is the reason for the growing popularity of pizzerias? Is it profitable to open an institution of this type? Look for answers to these and other questions in ours.

Using vibrocasting technologies work is carried out differently.

1. The concrete mixture is being prepared.
2. The finished mixture is placed in molds located on the vibrating table.
3. Forms are laid out on pallets.
4. Forms are left in vivo for two days.
5. Heating molds to 50-60 degrees Celsius and knocking out finished paving slabs from them.

This technology makes it possible to create models of an almost unique shape, which are especially convenient for decorating house territories.

Equipment for the production of paving slabs

At the first stages of the work, you will need to purchase or rent:

• a vibropress, the cost of which upon purchase is about 20,000 US dollars;
• from 5 to 6 thousand US dollars upon purchase will be spent on the purchase of a concrete mixer;
• the purchase of a punch will cost the owner of the new production 3 thousand.

The use of such technology options will allow the production of tiles by vibrocompression.

An alternative set of equipment will be the equipment used for the production of paving slabs with their own hands using vibrocasting technology. This kit includes:

• vibrating table, the minimum cost of which is 4 thousand US dollars;
• molds for the manufacture of paving slabs - from 1-8 US dollars per 1 mold;
• $600 will cost a new entrepreneur a concrete mixer.

Comfortable view additional equipment will be a bath used for washing molds. Its average cost is 1-1.5 thousand US dollars.

To minimize costs at the initial stages of activity, it is recommended to purchase used equipment.

What staff will be required to do the job?

For a small production, all the works of which are located on a space of 50 square meters, it is enough to include 3 employees in the staff of the enterprise. One of them can additionally combine the functionality of a storekeeper and a driver. A convenient option that allows you to save money is the invitation of representatives of outsourcing companies to prepare tax, pension and accounting reports.

The cost of production of paving slabs

In the production of paving slabs, flat-cement concrete and a plasticizer are used. Cost of manufactured 1 cubic meter source material is 3,000 rubles. From it you can make up to 16 square meters of finished tiles. average cost production of one square meter of tiles is 150-170 rubles. It is necessary to add 50-70 rubles to it, which will be spent on electricity, wages for workers, rent of premises and other production needs. The selling price of a tile is much higher - at least from 230-300 rubles.

Profitability of production of paving slabs

If a new manufacturer quickly finds potential buyers, the profitability of paving slab production due to the use of inexpensive materials reaches 150%. This suggests that even with the purchase of a complete set of equipment, the purchase will be justified.

The manufacture of paving slabs is today recognized as one of the most successful options for starting your own successful business. Making paving slabs as a business will require financial costs on the initial stage, but will bring a high payback later.

Video: production of paving slabs

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The construction segment today is inferior in terms of the introduction of new technologies only to the telecommunications sector. Literally every day they talk about “new breakthroughs” and the emergence of new “unique” technologies. Such activity does not always correspond to real needs and even more real market opportunities. Practice shows that good old technologies remain not only in demand, but also give excellent chances to start your own business with little investment. The realities of small business in 2015 show rather illusory prospects for the construction market, but the question remains, what should construction teams do, how to look for an alternative to earn money?

The answer can be found in related areas, in the optimization of the business itself. As one of the alternatives (in truth, the option is good for organizing a new business), you can consider organizing the production of paving slabs using the vibrocasting method.

How much is it worth to be engaged in the production of paving slabs

The level of depreciation of fixed assets is not just high, but very high, this applies to all aspects, including sidewalks. If we talk about the roadway, those same roads, then the situation is no better, this issue belongs to the sphere of interests of the “big” bosses, as a result, they are being repaired at the very least. A completely different situation develops with sidewalks, they don’t allocate money for them, the specifics of their repair does not allow to accelerate much. From practice, I can say for sure that from one square meter of the road you can "appropriate" 3-4 times more. Most sidewalk repairs in cities, small towns, and private households are left to small businesses. What does this mean in practice?

At organizations full cycle from production to laying paving slabs, the business receives significant benefits in the form of:

• - flexible pricing policy. The final price of the finished product will not include the price of an intermediary (as retail- 20-50%, the cost of the foreman's services - 20-30%). In fact, this means that tiles can be installed at a 50% discount without losing the average profitability.
• - individual approach to the client. Selection of shape, color, it is possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the site.
• - a full range of services. If we take into account that for the mini-shop itself, raw materials (screenings, cement) will be purchased at wholesale prices from established suppliers, then de facto the client pays, and really gets everything at once at the best price.

By and large, it is precisely such a complex option that makes it possible to talk about the paving slab production business as an option for construction teams in reprofiling.

Do not forget about the profitability of the business, two main points:

• - the production of pavement tiles has a profitability of 40-50% for wholesale sales and about 80-90% for retail sales;
• - using the same equipment (with the exception of molds) it is possible to produce a very wide range of products, and not just tiles.
• - profit from pavement laying also reaches 50%.

In total, due to the full cycle, it is realistic to obtain about 100% profitability, and due to the wide range of products, “smooth out” seasonal fluctuations in demand.

For example, for the period of the "winter season" to change their profile to the manufacture of concrete countertops, figures.

Technologies for the production of paving slabs

If we consider the market as a whole, we can distinguish three main technologies:

1. Clinker tiles.
2. vibrocasting
3. Vibrocompression

Relatively clinker tiles, one thing can be said, expensive. Moreover, in all other respects, high-quality clinker products are better. Such products are made from clay, followed by firing at high temperatures. Such production is expensive to organize, requiring special permits, high-quality raw materials. In the end, it turns out to be expensive, this technology goes into the field big business. According to their technology, they also have a lot of nuances, ranging from the availability of really high-quality raw materials (not every clay is suitable), to the need to maintain a constant technological cycle. Here, recently, a friend’s “light” was turned off for a couple of hours, so then for a week the frozen clay was “picked out”.

One more technology for the manufacture of paving slabs is vibrocompression. The method is undeniably good and has its advantages:

• - Firstly, the opportunities for the widespread use of automatic processes. If you have money and desire, about 90% of all processes are done by machines.
• - secondly, higher wear resistance.

True, there is a downside:

• - Expensive equipment. Such a workshop cannot be called small, its organization will require quite a lot of money, as a result, it is necessary to immediately aim for large sales volumes.
• - the cost of such products is higher than that of tiles made by vibrocasting.
• - higher stability shows itself effectively only in cases of intense loads. For example, if you use tiles as paving stones on a road with heavy traffic (cars) or a very large flow of people.

Vibrocasting - in this version of the production of paving slabs, we are talking about traditional casting using a vibrating table, this option is suitable for home business. The technology itself simply does not require any additional and especially special equipment, except for the table itself. In fact, the procedure is a chain:

Concrete (cement-sand mixture) is prepared in concrete mixers, consisting of:

• cement;
• sand;
• crushed granite fraction 5-10 mm;
• plasticizer C-3;
• air-entraining START additive;
• pigment.

Ready concrete is laid out in forms on a vibrating table;

The mixture in the forms is given the required density on the vibrating table;

Forms with the solution are removed on the racks, covered with PVC film and kept for a day;

The molds with the solidified mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;

Stripping of products is carried out;

Tiles are laid on pallets, where a certain period of time is maintained until they are fully ready.

pros

• - low cost of the finished product;
• - small initial investments;
• - maximum business flexibility. Products can be made in small batches of any shape and color.

Minuses

• - high level of manual labor;
• - Rigid binding of the volume of production to the area of ​​the shop.

What equipment is needed

The total area for a small workshop should be about 60 square meters, plus premises for the final drying of paving slabs. The main condition is:

• - Availability of electricity and water.
• - heating. To obtain a strong product, it is imperative to observe the drying conditions, in cold periods it is necessary to “raise” the temperature, and to reduce it in hot weather. Too much fast drying leads to loss of quality.

Among the equipment it is necessary to highlight

Concrete mixer - about 20,000 rubles.

Forms for pouring tiles. It must be emphasized that today there are four variations of forms on the market:

metal forms. The most expensive, from the pros the possibility of long-term use, from the minuses the cost.

Rubber, used up to 500 cycles.

Plastic - 250 cycles

Polyurethane - up to 100 production cycles.

Which forms to buy is a rhetorical question, practice shows that when choosing forms, one must be guided by one principle - rationality. Expensive more durable rubber or metal molds will work for popular molds. But in the manufacture of non-standard or one-time orders, it is worth buying cheap and short-lived plastic or polyurethane.

vibrating table. Its cost largely depends on the size, quality, and supplier. For the most part, you can make your own.

Demoulding table. Just an indispensable thing and helper, especially in conditions of seasonal intensity.

Bath for washing forms. All forms after the manufacture of tiles must be thoroughly cleaned, the "dirty" form is almost 100% defective.

Rokla hydraulic. Also, at first glance, it is not enough necessary thing, but when working with working volumes of a tile, its transportation and transportation without rokla is a tedious, time-consuming process of palletizing.

and activities

It is very difficult to calculate the real cost without having specifics about the region, the availability of a raw material base, it can even be said unrealistic. On average, the market profitability level of production is about 30-45%, while it varies significantly depending on the remoteness of the resource base, here it is the presence of cement plants, granite and sand pits. The closer, the cheaper the feedstock, the higher the level of profitability. One of the most significant factors for a small mini-shop of paving slabs is low dependence on fixed costs, which allows you to “freeze” production very quickly, just as quickly start it, while not using significant financial resources.

Advertising and marketing of finished products

Very often, small businesses (especially if the business belongs to the category of home business) do not attach much importance to advertising and beautiful presentation of their product, this is perhaps one of the most common mistakes, as a result of low sales volumes at the beginning of the project. Subsequently, “popular rumor” with “word of mouth” do their job, but this happens later. And I would advise you to take product advertising seriously and offer the following options:

• - first. Preparation of bright advertising booklets. Moreover, the booklets should contain high-quality photos, a large selection of various forms (you can take it from sites selling ready-made forms for paving slabs) and colors. The fact is that even a small order can always be saved and you can buy cheap molds made of plastic or polyurethane. Plus, the cost of a few thousand promotional brochures won't cost that much. When distributing brochures, the main thing is to choose the right place and contingent.
• - second. Advertising in newspapers is obligatory, especially since you will have the opportunity to lay tiles. For a small workshop for paving slabs, you can rent a large banner, again, the main thing is to choose the right location.

Alternative and related activities

A small production of paving slabs has another significant advantage, these are the opportunities to expand the range of products and services offered, in particular:

• - services in laying of a tile.
• - production of fences, curbs, gutters.
• - using almost the same set of equipment, you can make concrete garden figures or kitchen countertops, window sills, and even fountains.
• - minor modernization and it is possible to arrange the production of cinder blocks, and if there is money, then foam concrete (you need to buy a high-speed concrete mixer).

The list can be continued, today there is a huge number of concrete products on the market, most of which can be produced at home, including paving slabs and paving stones.

Video example of the production of paving slabs with your own hands

DIY paving slabs

We organize a small mini workshop with our own hands for the production of paving slabs

Paving slabs are by far the most popular building material. With its help, a beautiful view is created on the streets, in courtyards, parks and squares, and it looks better than asphalt, even the highest quality.

Many businessmen who know a lot about production and sales are increasingly choosing it for their product.

There are enough pros in this business, but there are also disadvantages:

• First, more and more tiles are bought for beautiful design cities and private houses. Customers often do not look at the high cost of paving stones, so the prospect of its manufacture is quite understandable. But you need to remember that many people want to earn money, so the competition here is high.
• Secondly, it is easy to arrange such a business. Documents are not needed here stating that this product has special certificates, and in this case the owner of the future production only needs. He can even not fully understand the production technology and in general in the construction industry. If the manufacturer wants to present documents on the quality of goods to its customers in the future, then a special certification service will help him in this by conducting a special study. They will check all the properties of the products and enter them in the quality certificate.
• Thirdly, the production facility can be located anywhere, and when buying high-quality imported equipment and with a small footprint, the staff can consist of only three people.

Anyone can produce tiles simple process its manufacture. One has only to know that workers will be engaged in boring and monotonous work. With all this this business when properly constructed, it is highly profitable and quick payback, although bookings may come seasonally.

Varieties of material

There are only two types of coverage on the market:

• vibrocast tiles can be bought everywhere because of the ease of its manufacture. You need to choose it for laying in those places where a small load is expected on the tracks.
• Vibropressed and hydropressed tiles fit where heavy traffic is expected with a large impact on it.

Paving stones also differ in the material from which they were made:

• Most often it is made concrete, as from the cheapest substance, and this material is the only one for the manufacture of vibrocast tiles.
• Clay- this is another raw material for the production of vibro- and hydropressed paving stones. It will cost more, but the quality will be higher, comparable to roofing tiles.
• The most expensive variety of high-strength paving slabs is produced from various natural stones such as granite.

Required premises and equipment

Special equipment for the vibrocompression process will cost about 30 thousand dollars and include vibropress, concrete mixer and punch. Equipment for vibrocasting is much cheaper. Vibrating table, molds and concrete mixer will cost their owner about 5 thousand dollars.

After choosing a production method, you need to find a suitable room with an area from 70 sq.m. The higher the expected production volumes, the more it should be. The room can be located anywhere, it all depends on the choice of the owner. It is worth choosing an industrial area with convenient access routes. Warehouses with production space would be the best option. Saving on the delivery of the necessary raw materials is not only possible, but also necessary. This is feasible when the future workshop is located not far from cheap raw material bases.

The main thing is the characteristics of the room. The electrical voltage in it must be at least 360 V. Great if it is always heated. A sewerage system with cold and hot water is required.

You also need to remember about a constant temperature of 35 to 45 degrees Celsius in the chamber for drying finished products and in the warehouse. There should be a warm floor, and such conditions should be maintained year-round.

Required raw materials and their purchase

Concrete mixture is the starting material for the production of paving slabs. It consists of cement, which is its main component, crushed stone (granite screenings) with a fraction of 5 to 10 mm and building sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm.

Additional components that may be present in the mixture are a plasticizer, various additives to increase its strength, cold resistance and water resistance, and coloring pigments. With their help, tiles of small architectural forms are subjected to coloring: paving stones, fake diamond, pavement option.

All products should be made only from high-quality raw materials and follow the production technology as accurately as possible.

All purchases should ideally be made from the same manufacturer, especially with a large order for all types of materials. If replace trademark or any component for production, then not only the color of the product, but even important characteristics may change. This is fraught various problems with buyers and large losses.

Types of production technologies

Paving slabs are made in three ways:

• Vibrocompression. With its help, not only paving stones are made, but also stones for walls and partitions, as well as curbs. The technology of such production consists of three stages and includes:
  • preparation of concrete in a concrete mixer;
  • molding with vibrators and a punch. The material on a special pallet is compacted in a few seconds due to the impact of vibration impulses. Later, the matrix and punch are removed, leaving almost finished paving stones on the pallet;
  • drying. The pallet with the products must dry either under the influence of ordinary water vapor, or simply in the room. Ready-made concrete gains the necessary strength within 5-8 hours.
• Hyperpressing similar to vibrocompression, but instead of vibration, strong pressure under a hydraulic press is used to compact the mixture. Many tiles can be produced in this way, and the presence of a large number of people is not required due to full automation. The absence of the human factor reduces the cost and also positively affects the quality of products.
• vibrocasting is the third way of production. During the process, it is necessary to prepare the concrete mixture and lay it out in special forms located on the vibrating table. These forms are laid out on pallets and left for 48 hours right in the production room. Then the finished tile is heated for 2 minutes to 60-70 degrees and gently knocked out of the molds on a vibrating table. Of course, with this method of production, especially when using cheap equipment in conjunction with manual labor, there will be much more chips and cracks than with vibrocompression. It is worth considering in advance the use of low-quality paving slabs in other construction industries.

You can learn more about the manufacturing process of products in the following video:

Sales channels

Advertising is the engine of progress! It all starts with her, especially in this type of business. You can resort to its traditional methods: advertising on television (preferably on popular channels, although it will be a little expensive), in magazines and newspapers on construction topics, on the Internet, on billboards, in transport and other crowded places.

It is also worth contacting the heads of construction companies directly and offering them your cooperation. This will help establish distribution channels and recoup the cost of starting a business for the first half of the year. The main thing is not to sit still, actively promote and advertise your product, talking about its advantages.

General costs

Starting a business is always fraught with spending money. The production of tiles can be laid in a relatively small amount:

• Certification of compliance with high quality standards - from 100 to 300 dollars. It is not necessary to pass it, but it is worth doing to maintain the prestige of your product.
• The cost of rent for industrial premises, depending on their location, condition and area, is from 500 to 1000 dollars per month.
• The cost of the selected equipment is from 3,000 to 30,000 dollars.
• Salary to employees per month - from 1000 to 2000 dollars.

Total start-up capital will be $4,500 to $33,300.

Profit calculation

When calculating income from the sale of tiles, it is worth considering:

• the volume of its implementation per month (in sq. m.) * the cost of 1 sq. m. m.;
• minus the cost (costs for the production of goods);
• minus VAT (it is 6%).

So, the manufacture of paving slabs is a fairly profitable project. With the right consistent actions and a high-quality technological process, the payback for six months or a year will be 100-120%. Everything mainly depends on the size of production and established distribution channels.

In the organization of urban improvement, asphalt has been replaced by a new, more convenient and aesthetic option - paving stones. It is a popular building material for creating beautiful pavement. The scope of application is very wide - from the design of trade and administrative buildings to playgrounds, cottages and private courtyards. Hundreds of thousands more courtyards and sidewalks require a more durable and reliable coating. And if the authorities cooperate with large contractors to decorate urban infrastructure, private individuals choose small enterprises. By organizing even a small production, you can quickly recoup your costs and build a reliable stable business.

Concept development

Since paving stones are a popular and sought-after material, there are many enterprises for its production. In some cities, this niche is almost filled. Before starting an organization, in order to build a strategy, it is important to assess the market capacity and analyze the activities of competitors. To do this, you need to take the following steps:

• Evaluation of the work of competitive organizations - in what volumes do they produce paving stones, at what price do they sell their products, are there any related services?
• Identification of potential buyers - objects under construction, the private sector, repair teams.
• Search for suppliers of raw materials.
• Approximate calculations of profitability and payback periods.

If market monitoring shows a high saturation, do not rush to make large investments. It is better for a businessman without experience in this area not to take a big risk and buy additional equipment and production facilities as new orders come in.

Financial part

Approximate start-up costs for organizing a business:

• preparation of the premises - 20 thousand rubles;
• purchase and installation of equipment - 500 thousand rubles;
• business registration, obtaining certificates - 10 thousand rubles;

Total - 530 thousand rubles.

Fixed costs (per month):

• lease payments - 20 thousand rubles;
• payroll fund (3 employees) - 60 thousand rubles;
• utility and tax payments - 15 thousand rubles;
• marketing - 5 thousand rubles.

Monthly expenses will amount to 100 thousand rubles.

Profitability calculation

For the production of 1 m² of paving stones, you will need:

1. cement - 90 rubles;
2. sand-granite mixture - 40 rubles;
3. concrete plasticizer, dyes - 30 rubles.

The cost will be 160 rubles / m².

If you work 8 hours a day with two days off per shift, you can produce 400 m² of products. The cost of paving stones varies within 700 rubles / m².

With a 100% sale, the proceeds will be 280,000 rubles (700 rubles x 400 m²). Net profit: 280,000 rubles. - (160 rubles x 400 m²) - 100,000 rubles. = 116,000 rubles. The payback period of the project will be 5-6 months.

Manufacturing technology

There are two types of technology for the production of paving stones - vibrocasting and vibrocompression. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

For vibrocasting, you need to purchase a vibrating table, which consists of an automatic line with a pneumatic conveyor. Production process:

1. lubrication of forms;
2. the prepared mixture is poured into molds that are placed on a vibrating table;
3. forms are kept on a vibrating table for some time;
4. forms are placed in a dry, warm room for 12 hours;
5. the resulting tile is carefully knocked out of the molds.

Production of paving stones by vibrocompression:

1. preparation of concrete mix in the mixer;
2. pneumoconveyor delivers the mixture to the vibropress;
3. the delivered substance passes the pressing stage and is formed into blocks;
4. blocks are moved to pallets, where finished products are formed within 12 hours;
5. tile packaging.

Today, the most common method is vibrocompression. It makes it possible to obtain a more durable material, minimizing manual labor. The method is based on the use of an automated line, where workers simply fill in all the necessary components.

Raw material base

The service life of paving slabs is more than 25 years. The production of paving stones takes place in accordance with GOST "Paving concrete plates". To obtain high-quality frost-resistant material, you need to choose the right ratio of components and follow the technology.

The composition of paving stones (per 30 m²):

• 800 kg of cement;
• 2500 kg of sand-granite mixture;
• 2.3 kg concrete plasticizers;
• pigments, dyes.

Staff

It takes 3 workers to produce 30 m² of paving stones per shift. They require only attention, accuracy and ability to work, no special skills and knowledge. Their main functions:

• compliance with the ratio of ingredients;
• mixing the mixture;
• sending to the pressing table;
• transfer to the drying room;
• package;
• warehousing.

With an increase in orders, you can hire additional workers.

Registration of documents

To obtain permits, it is enough to register as individual entrepreneur. If a major large-scale project or you are a co-founder, it is better to choose a limited liability company as the legal form.

This activity does not require a license or mandatory certification. But it is desirable to include the cost of obtaining a certificate in the business plan for the production of paving stones. Carrying out such an examination will not take much time, it will cost 6-18 thousand rubles. As a result, the buyer will be confident in the quality and reliability of the purchased products. The list of documents required for the operation of the enterprise:

• A document confirming the identity and place of residence of the entrepreneur;
• Identification code;
• Certificate of registration of individual entrepreneur (or LLC);
• Extract from the EGRIP (EGRLE for LLC);
• Certificate of conformity of goods to GOST.

Requirements for the premises

You can place a workshop for the production of paving slabs in any convenient place. By moving power outside the city, you save on rent. Mandatory requirements:

• area from 60 m²;
• zoning of the premises to the production workshop, a place for drying finished products and storing products.
• voltage power - not less than 380 W;
• permissible temperature in the production workshop - 30-45 ° C;
• permissible temperature in the warehouse - not less than 15 ° C;
• water supply system;
• three-phase power supply line.

As a rule, individuals prefer to find a contractor that provides a full range of services. Therefore, if you hire additional workers to provide paving services, you can increase profits and avoid downtime.

Sales

Paving stones are a popular building material. Potential buyers are:

• private persons;
• retail outlets of building materials;
• any institutions that have an adjacent territory.

The most profitable option is cooperation with wholesale companies. To do this, offer them good terms and try to conclude a long-term contract. For cooperation with individuals, advertising is required:

• distribution of leaflets in places with potential customers;
• posting ads in cottage and holiday villages, private sectors;
• placement of information in periodical buildings and on the Internet.

The most effective and free method is word of mouth. If your buyer is satisfied with the quality and price, he will definitely recommend your company to his friends.

Equipment

On the modern market There are many various options. Inexpensive non-automated equipment for the production of paving stones involves manual labor and poor quality products.

On average, a full-fledged line will cost from 300 thousand to 1 million rubles.
Equipment set:

1. concrete mixer;
2. forms;
3. hydraulic rokla;
4. vibropressing machine;
5. dispensers;
6. pallets;
7. packing machine.

Ability to combine with other types of business

In order to expand production and increase the customer base, you can diversify production and move on to manufacturing:

• polymer tiles;
• 3D tiles;
• rubber tiles;
• luminous tiles;
• plastic tiles.

DIY

It is possible to engage in the production of paving stones at home. In this case, it is necessary to purchase molds for pouring and building materials. All automated procedures must be performed manually. Production volumes will be small. This method is beneficial to use for laying tiles on your site or selling to friends.

Commercial offers

If you are a manufacturer or supplier of equipment, an expert or a franchiser in this area, then write to us through the Contacts page.
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Attention!

The page publishes only useful reviews for others, which indicate that the person had experience in this matter.

Reviews:

The tile production process, for all its apparent simplicity, is not at all as simple as many describe it. As a workshop foreman with more than ten years of experience, I can say that most of the self-taught manufacturers make paving stones against all existing technological processes. So, 99% of do-it-yourself vibrating tables do not work as they should and do not have the effect that is necessary in production. As a result, the market for homemade paving slabs is often overwhelmed with defective products.
However, this business brings quite serious profits, and for some, homemade tiles are a great way to save money on real products. Nevertheless, regardless of whether you are making paving stones for yourself or for sale, you should monitor the quality of the product.
The defects that occur in defective tiles can be compiled into a huge list. Being not only a manufacturer, but also a laying contractor, I can assure you that non-compliance of the product with the established standards inevitably leads to a decrease in its characteristics, significantly shortens the life of the tile and leads to very serious difficulties in the process of laying it.
The main defects that I personally have to deal with periodically are:
1. Cavities in the body of the product. Such formations are, in fact, air bubbles, the cause of which can be either improper preparation of concrete or poor-quality work with the product on the vibrating table. As for the first option, the appearance of cavities is primarily due to the inaccurate use of a plasticizer. At the same time, such defects can be either immediately noticeable or not, representing a multitude of microscopic shells.
2. Surface roughness. This kind of marriage becomes apparent, mainly when touching the tile, although it is quite visible to the naked eye.
3. Defects on the edges of the product. High-quality paving stones, which have a pattern made in the form of a clear chamfer, necessarily have a glossy finish along the edges. If there is none, the product immediately goes into the number of defective ones.
4. Non-uniform surface or chips. Many of the lovers of home production prefer to add crushed stone to the solution in order to achieve an external resemblance to stone from the tile. However, as a rule, crushed stone of an overly large fraction is fed into the concrete mixer. As a result, the surface of products is often dotted with bulges, which are created by pebbles protruding from it.
5. Often, private manufacturers, trying to save on molding, make cups for pouring from improvised means (usually wooden), which leads to obvious deviations from the correct geometric shape.
6. Uneven shade, faded color. The reason for this defect is the wrong dosage of the dye.
In general, the reason for all these errors is non-compliance (which occurs due to banal ignorance) of the technical processes for manufacturing paving slabs. The most common mistakes are:
the use of low-quality ingredients and an unacceptable deviation from the required proportions in the ratio of components in the manufacture of concrete;
the use of unsuitable molds and low-quality lubricants;
illiterate organization of the vibration process and lack of control over external indicators (temperature, humidity, etc.).
All these shortcomings can be completely avoided, but this requires approaching production with maximum responsibility and attention.
Every true professional knows that when starting a new batch of products, three test batches should be made, during which, experimenting with the amount of ingredients, you need to find their ideal proportions. In addition, attention should be paid to the moisture and fluidity of concrete when pouring it into molds. The result should be an ideal plastic mixture that completely fills the bowls without pores and shells.
Having the opportunity to purchase quality expendable materials, you should not buy obviously bad ones in the expectation that the difference will increase the benefit. In my entire working career, I have never met a manufacturer who truly enriched himself on poorly executed products.
Yes, most good choice for the manufacture of paving slabs, all experts call cement 400 without any additives in its composition. In addition, other components (such as sand, gravel, etc.) should also be cleaned of all possible impurities, getting rid of acids first of all.
In addition, the cause of most defects in low-quality paving slabs is an overly rigid mixture of concrete, which is expressed primarily in the wrong ratio of water and cement. This becomes apparent already in a concrete mixer (especially in a gravity-type machine), when small hard lumps begin to come across among the mixture. This problem is eliminated quite quickly - by increasing the amount of water in the solution.
No matter how good the moldings look, after the number of cycles indicated by the manufacturer, they should be replaced with new ones without any regret. Because the correct outlines of the tiles can be achieved using only the right and strong molding bowls, inside which there are no cracks, no burrs, or even small scratches.
In addition to all of the above, do not underestimate the importance competent organization workspace. Production equipment must be in perfect working order, the molds must be washed and dry, and the concrete mixer moistened.
The surface on which it is planned to store finished products must also meet very specific characteristics: be located away from direct sunlight, and be as even as possible, which is achieved using an ordinary building level.

One of the most necessary devices in the manufacture of paving slabs is a vibrating table, which, in principle, is not surprising. If desired, you can even do without a concrete mixer, using a suitable container and a shovel for this. However, no paving slab tricks can be done without vibration.
From my numerous colleagues involved in the production (concrete fences, paving stones, stairs, etc. products for construction), I heard many stories about the manufacture of vibrating structures for tamping mortar. Several times I made such products myself, if ordered. By and large, such an enterprise is economically justified, and for a person who knows the basics of electrics and mechanics, it is quite realistic, because. the vast majority of materials needed for this can be found in almost any garage and home workshop.
All technologies for the construction of such a device are very similar in many respects, and the main thing that distinguishes any mechanized device from a bad one is its engine. I will say right away, if you are not a professional mechanic and have not been manufacturing engines for at least half of your conscious life, do not even think about making it yourself. It is best (and safest) to purchase it from a specialist store. Yes, it will not be cheap, but, in the end, you will get a normal, working device, which, in fact, is what your work is aimed at.
More than once or twice I have heard that many of the home craftsmen use engines from old washing machines or motorcycles for this purpose - not such a bad option. The main thing is to rely on the required characteristics. I start from the following calculations. The motor for a large vibrating table (weight: 250–300 kg, length 1–1.5 m) must have a power of 1.1 kW. For small ones (up to 200 kg, up to 1 m long) - 0.23 kW.
At the same time, I advise you to remember that engines with low power by their design, they are not adapted to heavy loads and are categorically unsuitable for production on any serious scale. You can use a vibrating table with such an engine exclusively for your personal one-time needs, since after 40 cycles you will have to change the bearings in it, and possibly correct the loose axle. Often, home manufacturers put two motors at once from washing machine to increase the vibration of the structure. In principle, this option is quite possible, but only if the engines are absolutely identical, otherwise the difference in vibrations will lead to the destruction of the entire device.
In order to make a tabletop, I use sheet metal, because it is strong enough and it is quite easy to clean the solution from it. However, an OSB plate is also quite suitable, which will greatly facilitate the entire structure and primarily serves to protect the engine and other vibrating mechanisms from the solution.
When choosing a suitable metal, it is worth paying careful attention not only to the dimensions, but also to its weight, since a powerful engine can damage the entire structure, simply because it is not massive enough for it. On the contrary, a heavy structure with a weak motor simply will not vibrate properly due to insufficient power.
Our factory tables have four strong legs, but I advise you to use the H-shaped support. Its strength may well compete with the classical one. At the same time, this form provides free access to the countertop from all sides, which is excellent for dragging finished products, moving mortar, etc. Special metal pads should certainly be welded onto the legs, because. otherwise they will break the floor as a result of vibration.
The classic vibrating table for tiles is a square half a meter long on each side. Also, rubber springs will be needed for its manufacture, and if it is supposed to be used only for personal household needs or for the manufacture of small batches, then it is better to put rubber rollers.
Springs are readily available on the market. Any will do, for example, from an old moped or car. Their height should be no more than 13 and no less than 9 cm. they make little noise and are able to compress a lot. Before using them in finished construction, you should check their quality. To do this, the table must be loaded with a weight that is twice the planned load. Ideal when the countertop does not come into contact with the spring cup.
Next, I will list the materials that will be needed to construct the table (from legs to countertops):
at least 14 m profile pipe(100 by 80 mm);
25 sq. see sheet iron (at least 10 mm thick);
rolled products (50 by 450 mm and 110 by 160 mm);
four bolts 20x100 and self-tapping screws;
the above engine (at 2800 rpm);
machine and cable.
The plate that will be placed on top should be a very strong welded frame in the shape of a rectangle. Along its edges there should be sections of a profile pipe (2200 mm each), interconnected by pipes (440 mm each), the distance between which should be equal.
Attached directly to the frame by welding a metal sheet(600 by 400 mm) 12 mm thick. A motor is attached to it. Along the edges of the frame there should be nests for springs, the same should be on its lower part. The nests should be located strictly opposite each other - so that the spring is strictly vertical, in one line for each pair.
It is worth remembering that characteristic feature Such a device is that rhythmic monotonous shocks must take place strictly in a horizontal plane, preventing the solution from boiling. The vibrating mechanism itself is a structure consisting of the so-called cage for bearings and one cylinder with a cavity. Bearings are installed on both of its sides, while the cylinder itself is firmly welded to a plate located at the top of the vibrating table.