How to make trusses from a profile pipe - types and methods of installation. Truss for a shed roof from a profile pipe Calculation of an arched truss from a profile pipe program

reservoirs 26.06.2020

reservoirs

Using a profile pipe for mounting trusses, you can create structures designed for high loads. Light metal structures are suitable for the construction of structures, the arrangement of frames for chimneys, the installation of roof supports and canopies. The type and dimensions of farms are determined depending on the specifics of use, whether it is a household or an industrial sector. It is important to correctly calculate the truss from the profile pipe, otherwise the structure may not withstand the operational loads.

Canopy of arched trusses

Farm types

Pipe-rolled metal trusses are labor-intensive to install, but they are more economical and lighter than solid beam structures. A profiled pipe, which is made from a round pipe by hot or cold working, in cross section has the form of a rectangle, square, polyhedron, oval, semi-oval or flat-oval shape. It is most convenient to mount trusses from square pipes.

The farm is a metal structure, which includes the upper and lower belts, as well as the grate between them. The lattice elements are:

stand - located perpendicular to the axis;
brace (strut) - installed at an angle to the axis;
sprengel (auxiliary strut).

Structural elements of a metal truss

Trusses are primarily designed to cover spans. Due to the stiffening ribs, they do not deform even when using long structures on structures with large spans.

The manufacture of metal trusses is carried out on the ground or in production conditions. Elements from shaped pipes are usually fastened together using a welding machine or riveting; scarves and paired materials can be used. To mount the frame of the canopy, visor, roof of a capital building, the finished trusses are lifted and attached to the upper trim according to the markings.

To cover the spans, various options for metal trusses are used. The design can be:

lean-to;
gable;
straight;
arched.

Triangular trusses made of a profile pipe are used as rafters, including for mounting a simple shed canopy. Metal structures in the form of arches are popular due to their aesthetic appearance. But arched structures require the most accurate calculations, since the load on the profile must be distributed evenly.

Triangular truss for single slope construction

Design features

The choice of the design of canopy trusses from a profile pipe, canopies, truss systems under the roof depends on the calculated operational loads. The number of belts differ:

supports, the components of which form one plane;
suspended structures, which include the upper and lower belt.

In construction, trusses with various contours can be used:

with a parallel belt (the simplest and most economical option, assembled from identical elements);
single-pitched triangular (each support node is characterized by increased rigidity, due to which the structure withstands serious external loads, the material consumption of trusses is small);
polygonal (withstand loads from heavy flooring, but are difficult to install);
trapezoidal (similar in characteristics to polygonal trusses, but this option is simpler in design);
gable triangular (used for constructing a roof with steep slopes, characterized by high material consumption, there is a lot of waste during installation);
segmental (suitable for structures with a translucent polycarbonate roof, installation is complicated due to the need to make arched elements with ideal geometry for even distribution of loads).

Outlines of truss belts

In accordance with the angle of inclination, typical farms are divided into the following types:

Calculation basics

Before calculating the farm, it is necessary to choose a suitable roof configuration, taking into account the dimensions of the structure, the optimal number and angle of inclination of the slopes. You should also determine which belt contour is suitable for the selected roof option - this takes into account all operational loads on the roof, including precipitation, wind load, the weight of people performing work on the arrangement and maintenance of a canopy from a profile pipe or roof, installation and repair of equipment on the roof.

To calculate a truss from a profile pipe, it is necessary to determine the length and height of the metal structure. The length corresponds to the distance that the structure should cover, while the height depends on the designed angle of inclination of the slope and the selected contour of the metal structure.

The calculation of the canopy ultimately boils down to determining the optimal gaps between the nodes of the farm. To do this, it is required to calculate the load on the metal structure, to calculate the profile pipe.

Incorrectly calculated roof frames pose a threat to human life and health, since thin or insufficiently rigid metal structures may not withstand loads and collapse. Therefore, it is recommended to entrust the calculation of a metal truss to professionals familiar with specialized programs.

If it is decided to perform the calculations on your own, you must use the reference data, including the resistance of the pipe to bending, be guided by SNiP. It is difficult to calculate the design correctly without the relevant knowledge, so it is recommended to find an example of calculating a typical farm of the desired configuration and substitute the necessary values \u200b\u200bin the formula.

At the design stage, a drawing of a truss from a profile pipe is drawn up. Prepared drawings indicating the dimensions of all elements will simplify and speed up the manufacture of metal structures.

Dimensional Drawing

We calculate the farm from a steel profile pipe

The size of the span of the building to be covered is determined, the shape of the roof and the optimal angle of inclination of the slope (or slopes) are selected.
Suitable contours of the metal structure belts are selected, taking into account the purpose of the building, the shape and size of the roof, the angle of inclination, and the expected loads.
Having calculated the approximate dimensions of the truss, it should be determined whether it is possible to manufacture metal structures in the factory and deliver them to the site by road, or welding of trusses from a profile pipe will be performed directly on the construction site due to the large length and height of the structures.
Next, you need to calculate the dimensions of the panels, based on the indicators of loads during the operation of the roof - constant and periodic.
To determine the optimal height of the structure in the middle of the span (H), the following formulas are used, where L is the length of the truss:
- for parallel, polygonal and trapezoidal belts: H=1/8×L, while the slope of the upper belt should be approximately 1/8×L or 1/12×L;
- for triangular metal structures: H=1/4×L or H=1/5×L.
The angle of installation of the lattice braces is from 35° to 50°, the recommended value is 45°.
The next step is to determine the distance between the nodes (usually it corresponds to the width of the panel). If the span length exceeds 36 meters, the calculation of the building lift is required - the back-suppressed bend, which acts on the metal structure under loads.
Based on measurements and calculations, a scheme is being prepared, according to which trusses will be manufactured from a profile pipe.

Production of a structure from a profile pipe

To ensure the necessary accuracy of calculations, use a construction calculator - a suitable special program. This way you can compare your own and software calculations in order to avoid a big size discrepancy!

Arched structures: calculation example

In order to weld a truss for a canopy in the form of an arch using a profile pipe, it is necessary to correctly calculate the structure. Consider the principles of calculation using the example of a proposed structure with a span between supporting structures (L) of 6 meters, a step between arches of 1.05 meters, a truss height of 1.5 meters - such an arched truss looks aesthetically pleasing and is able to withstand high loads. In this case, the length of the arrow of the lower level of the arched truss is 1.3 meters (f), and the radius of the circle in the lower chord will be 4.1 meters (r). The value of the angle between the radii: a=105.9776°.

Scheme with the dimensions of the arched canopy

For the lower belt, the profile length (mn) is calculated by the formula:

mn = π×R×α/180, where:

mn is the length of the profile from the lower belt;

π is a constant value (3.14);

R is the radius of the circle;

α is the angle between the radii.

As a result, we get:

mn \u003d 3.14 × 4.1 × 106 / 180 \u003d 7.58 m

The nodes of the structure are located in the sections of the lower belt with a step of 55.1 cm - it is allowed to round the value up to 55 cm to simplify the assembly of the structure, but the parameter should not be increased. The distances between the extreme sections must be calculated individually.

If the span is less than 6 meters, instead of welding complex metal structures, you can use a single or double beam by bending the metal element under the selected radius. In this case, the calculation of arched trusses is not required, but it is important to choose the right cross-section of the material so that the structure can withstand the loads.

Profile pipe for mounting trusses: calculation requirements

In order for finished floor structures, primarily large-sized ones, to withstand the strength test throughout the entire service life, pipe rolling for the manufacture of trusses is selected on the basis of:

SNiP 07-85 (interaction of snow load and weight of structural elements);
SNiP P-23-81 (on the principles of working with profiled steel pipes);
GOST 30245 (correspondence of the section of profile pipes and wall thickness).

Data from these sources will allow you to get acquainted with the types of profile pipes and choose the best option, taking into account the configuration of the section and wall thickness of the elements, the design features of the truss.

Canopy for a car from a pipe

Farms are recommended to be made from high quality pipe; for arched structures, it is advisable to choose alloy steel. In order for metal structures to be resistant to corrosion, the alloy must include a large percentage of carbon. Metal structures made of alloy steel do not need additional protective painting.

Knowing how to make a lattice truss, you can mount a reliable frame under a translucent canopy or roof. It is important to take into account a number of nuances.

The most durable structures are mounted from a metal profile with a section in the form of a square or rectangle due to the presence of two stiffeners.
The main components of the metal structure are fastened together using twin corners and tacks.
When joining frame parts in the upper chord, it is required to use I-beam versatile corners, while joining should be done on the smaller side.
The conjugation of the parts of the lower belt is fixed with the installation of equilateral corners.
When joining the main parts of metal structures of great length, overhead plates are used.

It is important to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe if the metal structure needs to be assembled directly at the construction site. If there are no welding skills, it is recommended to invite a welder with professional equipment.

Truss elements welding

Racks of metal structures are mounted at a right angle, braces - at an inclination of 45 °. At the first stage, we cut elements from the profile pipe in accordance with the dimensions indicated on the drawing. We assemble the main structure on the ground, check its geometry. Then we cook the assembled frame, using corners and overlay plates where they are required.

Be sure to check the strength of each weld. The strength and reliability of welded metal structures, their bearing capacity depend on their quality and the accuracy of the location of the elements. The finished trusses are lifted up and attached to the harness, observing the installation step according to the project.

Metal trusses from a profile pipe are indispensable in the construction of trade pavilions, sports complexes, warehouses, industrial buildings.

In private households, they can be used in the construction of a roof or canopy.

These metal products are often used in individual construction, while few non-specialists know how to calculate a farm from a profile pipe.

Purpose of farms

A truss is a horizontal frame of a building object, a “skeleton” of a floor. Trusses are made from straight metal pipes, connecting them rigidly at knots or with the help of hinges.

The result is a suspended structure. As a rule, this part of the roof consists of the upper and lower chords, connected by braces and uprights.

Such systems cover large spans. They are cheaper than beams and help reduce construction costs. This is how bridges, factories, stadiums, shopping centers are built.

Metal systems are sold ready-made. For a private trader, this is extremely convenient, since in this case all calculations have already been made.

Buying a finished truss is the best option, since the strength of the entire roof depends on the correct calculation of the load on this part. It is difficult to make calculations and farm drawings on your own.

In order for a profile pipe truss to last for a long time, you need to know how to choose the right material, be able to calculate the load on each part of the structure.

In addition, you need to know how to weld the truss - an improperly welded system can lead to the collapse of the entire structure. By purchasing ready-made standard farms, you will be relieved of these difficulties.

Consider such a type of truss as a truss system. Such structures are needed for arranging the roof.

All other layers of the roofing cake are fixed to the rafters, so they must be strong and durable.

These requirements are best met by truss systems from a profile pipe, but wooden rafters can also be used in private households.

The design of the truss truss is chosen based on the shape of the upper floor of the house, the angle of the roof and the length of the span.

Depending on the slope of the roof, construction trusses of the following structures are used:

slope 22 - 30º - use triangular trusses from a profile pipe with a height equal to 1/5 of the span length;
slope 15 - 22º - a system with a height equal to 1/7 of the span is suitable;
slope 6 - 15º - put trapezoidal systems with a height of 1/7 or 1/9 of the span.

Truss structures from profile pipes in shape can be:

semicircular;
gable;
lean-to;
flat.

For ceilings with complex geometry with a center raised high above the supports, trusses from a profile pipe, called “polonso”, are used. They are a triangle with broken-shaped racks.

Form calculation

For calculations, you will need a calculator and two regulatory documents:

SNiP, P-23-81, steel structures;
SNiP, 2.01.07-85, loads and impacts.

In winter, tons of snow can accumulate on the roof of a large area. The design must hold this weight, its task is to distribute the load over the supports and lags.

The height in the middle of the span for a triangular truss is calculated by the formula H=1/4×L, for trusses with parallel, polygonal, trapezoidal chords - by the formula H=1/8×L. L - truss length.

Important: metal trusses for a shed roof with a slope of no more than 10º must be asymmetrical.

For a gable roof, trusses with hanging rafters are usually chosen. The slope angle of the braces should be in the range of 35 - 50º. The reliability and long service life of the structure depends on the accuracy of the calculation.

Tip: there are online calculators for calculating metal trusses from a profile pipe, they can be found on the websites of construction organizations.

After making the calculations, they make a drawing of the farm, calculate how much material needs to be purchased, namely, a profile pipe.

In individual construction, for the manufacture of trusses, instead of a profile pipe, you can use lightweight galvanized metal profiles (LSTK).

They are convenient in that they can be fastened with special bolts. But more often truss systems are made of steel beams, connecting them by welding.

Profile pipes - building metal rolled products, which are pipes with a non-circular cross section. The most common pipes are made of square and rectangular profiles.

Profile pipes are made of carbon and alloy steel. Products of domestic production have a cross section from 1 × 1 cm to 50 × 40 cm and are made of metal with a thickness of 0.1 to 2.2 cm. The length of the pipes is from 6 to 18 meters.

If the length of the truss exceeds 10 meters, then not only the rafters, but also the ridge supports with Mauerlat should be metal.

The disadvantages of profiled pipe rafters include high cost and significant weight.

Manufacturing of truss products

In the manufacture of a system from LSTK, the main ligaments are performed by grabbing the pipes with double corners.

Jumpers and braces are mounted to the upper belt using corners with unequal sides, joining them along the short side.

The details of the lower belt are also joined by corners with unequal sides. The main elements are connected using overhead plates.

Let us consider in more detail the manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe by a welded method.

If you don’t know how to weld a truss from a profile pipe, because you have never dealt with welding at all, then you will have to contact a specialist, since a truss truss is not a structure on which you can “get your hands on”. The strength of the roof depends on the quality of the seams on the roof truss.

Trusses are best made from rectangular or square pipes, since the ribs they have will provide the structure with good stability.

The truss truss should be made only of steel that is resistant to oxidation and other aggressive atmospheric factors.

The thickness of the metal and the cross section of the pipe must correspond to the parameters laid down in the project. Compliance with these conditions will provide the rafter structure with the necessary bearing capacity.

Each weld is checked for quality, since the reliability of the future design will depend on it.

When welding of trusses from a profile pipe is over, all that remains is to treat the seams with an anti-corrosion compound and cover them with paint.

Stages of welding a roofing system from metal profile pipes:

align the upper and lower belt;
jumpers are welded between the belts;
on a structure of two belts and lintels located at an angle of 90 ° to them, braces are welded - pipe segments cut at an angle.

The first truss can be used as a template for making the rest.

Tip: It is most convenient to cut a metal profile at an angle using a cutting machine. Such a device can be rented or made independently from a grinder.

With a small amount of work, for example, in the manufacture of a system for a canopy or gate, you can simply cut a metal profile with a grinder.

After welding is completed, it remains only to lift the structure up and fasten it along the upper trim according to the marked lines.

To lift the system from profile pipes to a height, you will have to use lifting mechanisms: a crane or a winch. The slings are fixed in the nodes of the upper belt in 2 or 4 places.

For temporary fixing, paired braces are placed at an angle to the horizon of no more than 45 °. Then the pipes are welded to the columns, after checking the verticality of the system.

Welding pipes from a metal profile is another hot topic. To connect metal-plastic pipes, you can use manual, arc and gas welding.

Since profile pipes are made of carbon and low alloy steel (stainless steel is rarely used), they can be welded using conventional technologies.

Any types of lattice structures, including roof trusses, are made of steel with a thickness of not more than 1 cm. The length of the joints should not exceed 40 cm.

Welded truss joints are differently located in space, so it is convenient to perform welding with a semi-automatic hose, wire filled with flux, or wire with self-protection.

In individual construction, manual welding with separate electrodes is used. Automatic welding is not economical.

In serial production, contact spot welding with increasing pressure is used. Experts do not recommend making the connection in an intermittent way.

First of all, the butt joints are welded, and then the corner ones. This order avoids the stress of the metal in the node.

If the seams are located close to each other, then before performing the second seam, the metal must be cooled to prevent plastic deformation.

Knots are welded starting from the middle. At the beginning, stitches of a larger section are applied, then a smaller one. Each element of the system is grabbed from two sides.

The length of the connection should not be less than 3 cm, the leg of the connection should not be less than 0.5 cm. The tacks and the weld must be made of the same material - this is necessary to maintain the metal stress in the seam.

Building technology is developing rapidly. Until recently, buildings were built only from stone or wood, but now structures that can be built as quickly as possible are in demand.

This can be done using profiled metal pipes and modern materials: polycarbonate, plastic, profiled sheet, plate insulation.

Without metal trusses from a profile pipe, the construction of such structures would be impossible.

Profile pipe trusses have many advantages. With their help, today they build residential buildings of any configuration, garages, as well as some backyard structures. They are used, among other things, to create greenhouses. In terms of cost, farms are not expensive at all for land owners. They can be quickly constructed and fastened to load-bearing elements. For reliable fastening of this design, you will need a high-quality profile, a welding machine, a grinder and care when designing.

Anyone who decides to use this type of construction in their structure should have a clear plan consisting of:

Choosing the right profile;
Clear calculation of the farm;
Correct location of jumpers;
Reliable installation.

At its core, a truss is a unique structure that connects supporting elements and forms a finished frame as a result. Among specialists, it is considered a simple architectural metalwork. This configuration has many advantages:

The strength of the entire frame and separately the farm itself;
High performance;
Acceptable cost, taking into account the prices for pipes and consumables;
Excellent resistance to external influences, deformation.

Profile pipe trusses have become very popular due to the fact that they are ideal for creating strong supports for any type of roof. At the same time, these indicators are not affected by the weight of roofing materials.

Roof trusses can have a completely different shape of construction and arbitrary braces. For example, for backyard buildings use a shed form. It is easy to mount, and such a configuration can withstand a variety of loads. Gable samples are more suitable for garages and houses.

The shape of the arched farm is also distinguished. It has a convex shape and is considered one of the most durable.

For the correct calculation of farms, certain rules must be followed.

Making farms does not take much time. It all starts with the choice of quality material. It will determine the durability of the entire structure. The connection of all metal parts is used with tacks, as well as special paired corners.

Corners with equal sides are mounted only if the parts are mated.

Racks are attached at an angle of 90 degrees, and braces - 45 degrees.

An example of a finished truss structure

Requirements for the calculation of a profile pipe for the construction of a farm

Primary requirements:

Calculations are made using all measurements of the length of the structure and the angle of inclination of the roofing material. The preparation of the farm should begin only after taking clear measurements of indicators.
The exact dimensions depend on many factors. A certain type of structure will be determined based on the weight of the entire product, the load, the height of the roofing material, as well as the methods of its movement. Only the length of the workpiece determines the angle of the roof.
Initially, it is necessary to include supports in the calculations and clearly define their belts. Length matters. The contours also depend on the slope and type of structure.

Basically, two legislative documents are responsible for this, which determine the calculation procedure. One contains information on exposure standards and permissible loads, and the other will help determine the type of steel structure. With their help, the calculation of a truss from a profile pipe can be carried out quickly and as correctly as possible.

The most important thing to consider is that the calculation is based on the principle of economy. After determining the span height, length and angle of inclination of the entire structure, the calculation ends with the last point - establishing the optimal distance between all component parts. The span load affects the amount of material and its location.

Carrying out the calculation of an arched truss from a profile pipe

It is possible to determine the optimal values of the structure using a specific example of an arched truss. The length of the structure is 600 cm. Each section is located at a distance of 105 cm from each other. The height of the arched ceiling is 300 cm. The arrow of the lower belt in such a product will be 130 cm. The radius of the circle below will be 410 cm. According to the calculation conditions, the angle between the radii is 105.9776˚.

Designations:

mn - the length of the profile, which is necessary for laying the lower tier;

π - constant value;

R - radius.

To calculate the required indicator, specialists use a certain formula:

The result is the following calculation:

mn \u003d 3.14 × 4.1 × 106 / 180 \u003d 758 cm.

It should be noted that the step between the points at the corners will be 55 cm.

A good example demonstrates that profile pipe trusses are calculated quite simply and quickly.

Calculation example

Training video with calculation rules.

Design features of a truss from a profile pipe

The profile pipes from which the trusses are made are durable, and therefore have distinctive characteristics. Features of all designs are divided into several main factors.

The number of belts and the load indicator are considered critical indicators.

According to these characteristics, farms are divided into:

A type of configuration in which all elements are located in the same plane;
Type in which individual parts of the span are located in two or more tiers.

Both design features are stable and can withstand extreme loads, while the angle of inclination can be arbitrary. But to ensure the construction of a longer service life, it is recommended to use the second type. He is more reliable.

Farms from a profile pipe are also designed depending on the contours and their shapes. As mentioned earlier, according to the last criterion, the designs are divided into single-slope, gable, straight, and also in the form of an arch. Each of the samples is used for different purposes.

For example, products with a parallel belt are ideal for soft roofing. The support is quite simple and all its parts are identical. It is the easiest to mount, since this process does not require special knowledge.

Shed metal trusses are best suited for fastening a hard roof with the required height.

W-truss

Types of farms from a profile pipe

There are many different types of trusses that allow you to implement a wide variety of design solutions.

The first, and most common variety is the triangular shape of the metal structure. This is a classic type of blank, suitable for structures of various kinds. In order to select the optimal cross-section of pipes in such a sample, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the further operation of the structure, and its nominal weight. The length is also taken into account. The advantage of such products is strength, ease of installation and a constant supply of natural light through triangular frames.
The second most popular type is polygonal farms from a profile pipe. This configuration is indispensable in large rooms. When it comes to designing a large building or a canopy, it is polygonal products that meet all the requirements. The only disadvantage of such structures is the difficulty in welding them. Despite the usual angle of inclination, it is necessary to use a certain principle and technique of welding. And this is not suitable for lightweight structures.
In terms of strength characteristics, it is not inferior to the previous types and the farm, which has parallel belts. A distinctive feature of such a metal structure is that all rods, gratings and belts are of the same length. It is considered the easiest to calculate.
Also a reliable type of farm - single slope trapezoidal shape. Such farms are based on columns. According to its characteristics of rigidity, this type has no equal.

Farm types

The main structure of the truss from a profile pipe

Experienced specialists can assemble trusses from a profile pipe quickly. To do this, it is necessary to give the exact dimensions and drawings of the metal structure. But, if the task is to save the construction budget, installation can be done independently. To do this, you first need to assemble the main structure.

In order to create it, mainly rectangular or square metal products are used. They allow the entire workpiece to remain strong throughout its entire service life. In addition to this, the main structure of the square profile is easier to attach to the base.

At the first stage, using drawings and calculations, all metal parts of the farm itself are welded. This is done on the ground or in a prepared room with flat floors. The length and width of the product is checked.

This is followed by the stage of installation and fixation of the support elements arranged vertically. Their correct installation determines the reliability of the entire metal structure. You can use a plumb line to check. It will show how accurately it was possible to fix the bearing supports.

How to weld trusses from a profile pipe

As soon as the supports are ready, longitudinally located pipes are welded to the racks. They are attached for reliable coupling of elements. They give the entire structure stability.

When the base is ready, it's time to attach a truss to it from a profile pipe. A pre-prepared configuration with gratings is lifted and installed from above. Immediately you need to check the correctness of the assembly, including the braces. All corners should be in place and fit snugly against the base. When all the dimensions and location of the structure are checked, the metal elements are welded to each other. Don't forget the grips.

Connection example

Ultimately, it is necessary to clean all the connecting places where the welding machine was used, and carefully paint all parts of the metal structure.

As a result, correct calculations, quality materials and careful welding work allow you to create the perfect floor.

Video explaining the welding process of the structure:

Farm structure options
Design features
How to calculate steel pipe box
Arched truss - calculation example
Veneer veneer - material requirements
Helpful tips on how to cook

Using profiled pipes for building trusses, it is easy to create a structure that can prevent significant efforts.

Such structures are simple and suitable for building construction, chimney chimney construction, under-roof fixing supports and canopies. The shapes and general sizes of the clusters depend on the purpose of the structure and its use, whether it be a household or an industrial plant.

In this article, we will discuss how to make a correct and accurate slope calculation from a metal profile pipe. If this is not done, it is unlikely that the model will support the required load.

Profile pipe metal structures are typical for large scale work, but are much more economical and simpler than markets built from solid materials.

Profile pipes are obtained from round pipes with hot or cold rolling technology. As a result, there are pipes that look like cross-sections of various geometric shapes, such as rectangle, square, polydr, oval, semi-oval, etc. For stem construction, square pipes are more suitable because they are stronger due to having two identical solid ribs.

The truss is a metal structure characterized by the presence of upper and lower levels, which are connected in the form of a grid.

In addition, compounds cannot be any, and their number is calculated in accordance with this formula.

The lattice solution includes:

The stand is installed vertically;
Frames (washers) located at an angle to the workplaces;
(auxiliary brakes).

Farms are generally designed to connect ranges for different economic purposes.

Due to the presence of elements such as carriers, they carry significant loads without deformation, even if they cover large lengths.

As a rule, the farm is located on the ground or in special production facilities. All frame elements are interconnected by welding or riveting. For the construction of a canopy, a large building project, or another building on a rooftop, ready-to-assemble earth on a truss is mounted and placed on a suitable structure that adheres to all dimensions.

The connection of the ranges is carried out by various metalworking mills, for example:

unilateral;
gable;
directly;
arched.

Trusses, similar to a triangle and made of similar pipes, serve as rafters, as well as elements of classic bearings.

Arch trusses are very popular due to their aesthetics as well as their resistance to heavy loads. In this case, vaulted trusses are assembled according to more complex data, so the forces are distributed evenly across all elements of the truss.

Design features

Building a farm for various construction projects depends on the expected workload and economic goal.

Depending on the number of lanes:

Support structures, the elements of which consist of one level;
which differ in the presence of upper and lower bands.

Structural structures provide for the use of graves with different contours:

with a parallel belt (the most basic option, where the same elements are used);
one-sided triangular (for all support nodes characterized by increased strength, so the structure can withstand significant loads);
Polygonal (transmits the power of a solid frame, but is difficult to install);
trapezoidal (have similar data with polygonal, but not so complex in the device);
triangular chain (used to install steep tiles from a profile pipe, but they have a large source of costs);
Segmented (suitable for structures where the installation of a transparent roof is difficult, since it is necessary to produce elements with the correct geometry for even load distribution).

Depending on the slope, classic trusses are classified as follows:

It is 22 to 30 degrees when the ratio between height and length is 1:5.
Suitable for the simple construction of conventional profiled pipe ceilings.

To cover the small to medium size range, triangular types of veneers welded from small diameter tubing are used because they are strong and light enough.

If the span exceeds 14 meters, the design provides a downward support attached to the top flange and a panel size of 150-250 cm for a two-zone structure with an integer number of plates.

If the range is more than 20 meters, in order to avoid bending the carrier, it is necessary to provide for the installation of elements of the substructure of the structure, attaching it to the supporting columns.

Particular attention should be paid to the Polonso farm, which consists of two triangular structures stacked on top of each other in their own way.
In this design, there is no need to assemble long supports in the middle part, which allows to reduce the overall weight of the structure.
It is 15 to 22 degrees, height to length ratio 1:7. Allows farmers to attach extended lengths up to 20 meters. If you want to increase the height of the farm, you will need to create a lower level.
It's less than 15 degrees. Such a frame should contain trapezoidal elements.
Such a truss has a short pillar, which causes the carrier to have a buckling. For angles of 6-10 degrees, facades should have an asymmetrical design. Determine the height of the truss by dividing the span length by 7, 8, or 9, depending on the characteristics of the project.

How to calculate steel pipe box

The calculation of any metal structure is an important and decisive phase, regardless of the design of which it is planned.

The calculation of the scissors system from a profile pipe is reduced to the following points:

Determine the size of the design range to be closed and the configuration of the roof with the effective angle of inclination (skate).
Selection of the optimal contour of the belts on the truss, taking into account the nature of the structure, the shape and size of the roof, the inclination of the slope, the structural load.
Determine the optimal structure height at the center of the range (H) based on the following formula (where L is the length of the rack).
For parallel, polygonal and trapezoidal strips: H = 1/8 × L. In this case, the height of the upper chord should correspond to 1/8 × L or 1/12 × L. For a triangular truss: H = 1/4 × LH = 1 / 5×L.
Specify the conditions for collecting a design depending on its size. If the dimensions of the metal are impressive, it is best to boil it there at the construction site, and only after that with the construction elevator to be fixed in the city, and if the measures are small, the farm is better to cook in the factory room, then deliver it for transportation to the installation site .
Although the other option is more expensive, it is more reliable, as it is very difficult to work in an unprepared place.
Calculation of the size of the panels depending on the structural loads working on the roof during work.
Specifies the angle of the lattice mounting beams, which can be in the range of 35-50 degrees, although it is desirable to install them at an angle of 45 degrees.
The next step is to determine the distance between the fixing nodes, although the distance is usually equal to the width of the panel.
In the range of 36 meters or more, it is necessary to calculate the size of the construction elevator - the reverse adjusted curve that it plans during operation.
Taking into account all measurements and calculations, a technical drawing is taken with all the necessary dimensions, in accordance with which a metal structure is made from a metal tube.

To avoid significant discrepancies in the calculations, it is better to use a construction calculator.

Based on a specific program, you can calculate any metal structure, including roof shears from a profile pipe.

Arched truss - calculation example

Proper calculations must be made when building a bow-shaped truss for normal crochet.

In this case, which corresponds to the size range of 6 meters, in the gaps between the 1.05 meter high arches, the 1.5 meter construction corresponding to the vaulted truss shows how all the necessary calculations are performed. This plan is designed not only for its strength, but also for aesthetics. the range of lengths of the lower level corresponds to an arc of 1.3 m (F), and the radius of the circle in the lower band is 4.1 m (r).

The angle between the radii is 105.9776º (a).

How to weld pipes from a profile pipe

The length of the profile tube (m) for the location of the lower belt is calculated by the formula:

mh = Pi × R × a / 180, where:

mh is the length of the lower belt profile;

Pi is a constant value (3.14);

R is the radius of the facade of the facade;

a is the angle between the radii;

after all, this should be avoided:

mh = 3.14 × 4.1 × 106/180 = 7.58 m.

Structural hubs are located on the lower sections of the belt at a distance of 55.1 cm.

To facilitate assembly, it is desirable to go around this distance up to 55 cm, while increasing the installation degree of the node is not recommended. The distance between the extreme points should be calculated separately.

With a range not exceeding 6 meters, it is allowed not to perform complex calculations and not to use welding.

It is enough to use a single or double beam, bending the structural element with the desired radius.

However, you should generally choose the thickness of the metal elements so that the bow can support all loads.

Veneer veneer - material requirements

The production of working models of trusses, especially large ones, requires certain pipe characteristics.

Therefore, profile tubes are selected:

based on SNiP 07-85 (influence of snow load on all structural elements);
based on SNiP R-23-81 (according to the technology of working with profiled steel pipes);
in accordance with GOST 30245 (coherence of pipe diameter to wall thickness).

All basic data is stored in specific documents that allow you to view information about the availability of pipe profile types and select materials suitable for specific projects.

As a rule, only high-quality metal products are used for the production of agricultural holdings. For example, in solid trusses, only stainless steel is more weather resistant. In this regard, such designs do not require additional protection against corrosion.

After familiarizing yourself with the network mesh technology, it is easy to install a light and strong roof frame or translucent material.

It is advisable to take into account some shades:

If a strong and reliable construction is required, a square-shaped metal tube is preferred.
For greater rigidity, the main elements of the carrier are connected using metal corners and levers.
When mounting media parts in the upper range, it is desirable to use I-shaped wires at different angles that connect the parts on the narrower side.
Equivalent angles (I-beams) are used to provide details of the bottom band.
By overlapping the main parts of the metal structure of great length, the upper metal plates are used.

Well, the most important thing is to decide how to weld a box from a profile pipe.

This is especially true if there is a need to do this on a construction site. Such designs are made by welding, and since welding requirements are prescribed for the quality of welding, this cannot be done without a good welding machine and equipment.

The bracket stands are fixed at a right angle, and the brackets at a 45 degree angle. To begin with, it is better to work in the assembly of the main and auxiliary elements of the carrier, cutting the profile tube into cuts in accordance with the dimensions indicated on the working drawings. After that, the structures on the ground begin to weld and constantly control the geometric dimensions.

During the welding process, it is necessary to control the quality of each weld. This is very important because the farm is at a height and has a certain risk to others.

Profile pipe farm

metal markets These are rod systems consisting of belts and gratings. Due to the reinforcement, such structures do not deform even when significant loads are detected.

Depending on the complexity of the form, they can be produced directly at the construction site or in specialized production. A popular material for making cutters is a square or rectangular cross section.

Materials for profile pipes

Various metals and alloys are used to make shaped tubes that can be used in veneer construction:

in general- carbon steel of ordinary quality;
for responsible structures- high-quality carbon, low-alloyed, less common - resistant to corrosion;
work in an aggressive environment- carbon steel coated with a protective layer of zinc (galvanized);
when it is necessary to create light structures- light and powerful alloys based on aluminum.

Pipes of small cross sections up to 6 m long are for sale, large pipes up to 12 m.

The wall thickness and cross-sectional dimension are selected according to the planned loads:

for range up to 4.5 m- 40 x 20 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm;
4.5-5.5 m - 40 x 40 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm;
over 5.5 m- 40x40x3 mm or 60x30 with a wall of 2-3 mm.

Types of construction of graves from a profile pipe

The structure of the standing positions includes the upper and lower bands and the network that lies between them.

Lattice components:

pillar- which is located perpendicular to the axis;
spacer- installed on a slope on the axis;
the seam- auxiliary circuits.

Agricultural belts can have different contours:

triangular envelope.
For a triangular one-sided profile pipe network, it is characterized by a combination of the ability to transmit high loads with a low material capacity.

Tripartite Sponsor.
Such structures can be installed on roofs with a high slope of the ridges. Cons: the complexity of the supporting nodes of the device, high material consumption.

The constructive version is a triangular tip made of a profile pipe.

segmented.
It is often used for roof construction with transparent honeycomb or monolithic polycarbonate.

polygonal. The complexity of the installation varies. The advantage is the ability to withstand heavy loads from heavy flooring and heavy snow cover. An additional advantage is the economical use of the profile.
With parallel stripes.
This is the simplest and most economical mounting option and is used with equal sized poles and poles. Parallel belt trusses are easy to assemble due to a single design, a large number of parts of the same size and the fewest connections. Suitable for soft and translucent roofs.

trapezoidal.
Similar to polygonal, but has a simplified installation scheme.
Shape with parallel top and bottom stripes. Arched arches made of profiled pipes are in demand in the construction of furniture for cars, greenhouses, gazebos.

Lattice model options:

triangular shape. Usually such a scheme is used in frames with parallel stripes, less often in knitted or trapezoidal forms.
Type Dextrous.
They are characterized by high intensity and complexity of execution. Variante - sprigelnaya (with additional racks), translucent.
Individual solutions.

Farm selection depending on the angle of inclination

The choice of design possibilities depends to a large extent on the inclination of the ramp:

22-30°. Triangular veneers are usually used to form slopes with an important slope. Their height is the length of the range divided by 5.
15-22°.
The height is assumed to be the span length divided by 7. To increase the height of the carrier structure, use the options with the bottom bar broken.
Up to 15°. Typically a trapezoidal frame is used with a triangular mesh configuration. The height of the blocks in these cases is determined by dividing the length of the range by a number between 7 and 9.

Calculation of graves from steel profile pipes

overhanging farm- a critical structural element, before doing this, be sure to perform calculations and compile the project.

The implementation of settlements should be entrusted to an expert, since the correct design of a profile pipe truss in several respects determines the functionality of not only the roof, but the entire structure. If you have certain knowledge and the creation of small objects, you can use special computer programs "Autocad", 3D MAX, Arcon.

Design phases

Determine the size of the structure, the shape of the roof, the slope of the skates.
At the same time, we will consider the planned roofing materials, snow and wind loads specific to the region, and the type of soil. It also takes into account the likely special loads that a truss made from a pipe profile may experience - storms, hurricanes, earthquakes.
In accordance with the specified parameters, the structural type of the truss is selected.
After approximating the dimensions and design, the choice of production is determined - in the factory, assembly of empty seats on site, or the entire cycle of purchase and assembly on the site.

Useful tips for creating your own profiled hose edges

An additional grid is used to simplify the structures used to build a roof with a minimum ramp slope.
To reduce the weight of the skeleton arranged to organize ramps with a slope range of 15-22°, the bottom strip is made of a polyline.
With a run length of 20 m, Polonso frames are used, consisting of two triangular structures that connect the screed.
This setting avoids a large installation.
The distance between hinged structures should generally not exceed 1.75 m.
When choosing a heavy duty hose, consider the grade of steel it is made from.
Calculation and production of graves from a profile pipe

For regions with a cold climate, pipe products are used from low-alloy steels, which demonstrate high resistance to low temperatures. In case of a high risk of corrosion, galvanized products should be used.

The main stages of creating and installing graves from profile pipes

Procurement, installation and installation activities must be carried out by experts with the appropriate knowledge, skills and tools.

It is important to determine which work can be done below and which work will require special construction equipment after the main structure has been raised to the installation site.

The procedure for installing veneers from profile pipes for crocheting and other frame structures includes the following measures:

Cleaning, leveling and marking the site.
Installation of metal vertical beams with penetration and concrete.
Pressing and retrofitting cross ties.
Installation and welding of blanks of graves from profile pipes in accordance with a pre-planned scheme.
Lift the assembled façade units to the installation site.
Welding on built-in lintels with holes designed for mounting roofing material.
Cleaning the seams, especially on the top edges of the frame.
Removable elements of metal structures. When using a profile without a galvanized coating, its surface is coated and painted, which can significantly extend the period of operation.

A variety of metal pipe trusses

As a rule, a metal profile is used to make trusses from a profile pipe. Its shape is oval, round, square, but most often a rectangular profile pipe is used.

According to the structure of the structure from the profile pipe, they are divided into two types: the structural elements of the frame can be fixed in one plane; the truss can be made up of lower and upper chords.

In addition, the classification of rectangular pipe trusses is based on factors such as the level of load on the profile, the angle of inclination of the elements, the overall slope of the structure, the length of individual spans, and the nature of the location of the floors.

Based on these parameters, all typical profile pipe trusses consist of the following groups:

Farms, the slope angle of which reaches about 22-30º. For such a design to be stable, its height should be equal to 1/5 of the length of the product or be somewhat less.
As a rule, this norm is taken as the basis for calculating the required height of the structure, that is, the given length of the product is simply divided by 5. This type of truss is preferable if the structure should be as light as possible.

If the estimated length of the building is more than 14 meters, then the position of the braces in the truss structure from the profile pipe for the canopy will be vertical. Pieces of a profile 150-250 cm long are fixed on the upper tier. As a result, the entire frame will consist of two belts, with the number of panels a multiple of two. Pay attention to the fact that if the truss is very long - more than 20 meters, you will need additional support posts that will support the truss system and allow you to redistribute the load throughout the structure.

Often, for the construction of a frame for floors, the Polonso farm scheme is used. It is a triangular structure, the connection in which has the shape of a puff. During its construction, the braces are not very long, which greatly facilitates the mass of the entire farm. Due to this quality, Polonso profile pipe trusses are used quite often.
The slope of the roof on the farm reaches 15-22º. This type of structure is preferred for buildings whose length does not exceed 20 meters.
In height, such a structure should not exceed 1/7 of the length of the building. If it is necessary to increase the height of the truss, then its lower belt should consist of broken segments.
Frames with a total slope of no more than 15º. As a rule, if we are talking about this kind of farm, then it is made in the form of a trapezoid. Based on the purpose of the building, as well as the angle of laying the roof, the owner determines the height of the structure independently. You should start from indicators between 1/7 and 1/12 of the length of the building.
A frame for a roof in the form of a trapezoid is made using metal panels, the length of which should be in the range of 1.5-2.5 meters. If the drawing of a truss from a profile pipe does not provide for a false ceiling, then a triangular lattice can be used instead of braces.

According to the shape of the truss from steel profile pipes can be divided into:

straight;
arched;
single-sided and double-sided.

The most popular and frequently used type of steel profile trusses are arched.

Their design is quite durable and efficient, in addition, such a farm can be covered with polycarbonate sheets. However, in order to achieve the most even distribution of the load on the profile of the arched truss, calculations should be carefully carried out.

For the construction of arch-type trusses, both single profile pipes and pre-welded together can be used.

Steel profile truss drawing

Drawing up a drawing and calculation of a truss from a profile pipe is carried out in compliance with the following methodology:

First of all, you should deal with the calculations of the planned or actual length of the room, for example, a garage, hangar, barn or summer shed. The received data will be taken into account when calculating the height of the farm from the profile.
But the length of the steel frame may vary depending on the angle of the roof.
The next step is to determine what shape the profile will be used.
The choice largely depends on the functional purpose of the hangar, the angle of the roof slope, and the type of roofing material.
After carrying out all the measurements, it remains to be seen whether it will be possible to transport the truss to the installation site if it is assembled at the construction site.
You will also have to take care of equipping the mechanism for the construction lifting of the roof, if the length of the object reaches values in the range of 12-36 meters.
Next, the parameters of the panels are calculated based on the level of expected loads to which the building will be subjected permanently or periodically.
For a triangular profile truss, the slope will be 45º.
At the final stage, a step is laid between the nodes and a drawing of the future truss is made from a profile pipe, based on the data obtained.

Note that in order to obtain the most correct calculations when preparing drawings for an arched truss, it is better to use an engineering calculator.

In addition, special computer programs and algorithms have now been developed to help designers, so there is no need to calculate manually.

How to calculate an arched profile truss

In order to analyze the methodology for calculating an arched truss from a profile pipe, we will give an example with specific numbers.

Separate sections of the farm will be placed at a distance of 105 cm, with the maximum load falling on the nodal points.

In this case, the height of the arch will not be more than 3 meters. Moreover, it is desirable to make an arch with a height of 1.5 m, which will make it more durable, safer and quite attractive in appearance. The length of the truss (L) will be 6 meters, and the lower chord boom (f) will be 1.3 meters. In the lower tier, the radius of the circle (r) will be equal to 4.1 meters, and the angle between the radii will be α=105.9776º.

To calculate the length of the profile for the lower tier, we use the formula:

mn=π×Rα/180, where

mn - profile length for the lower tier;

R is the radius of the circle;

π is a constant value.

Thus, we get the following calculation:

mn \u003d 3.14 × 4.1 × 106 / 180 \u003d 7.58 meters.

In this case, in the lower belt, the step between the corner points will be 55.1 cm, but for the extreme segments on both sides in the belt, the step must be determined independently. You can use a rounded value of 55 cm, however, in any case, it is undesirable to increase the step length.

If a profile truss is required for a small-sized construction, then you can limit yourself to the number of spans of 8-16 pieces.

If we take a smaller number of spans, then the panels will reach 95.1 cm in length with a step between the belts within 87-90 cm. With the largest number of segments, the step will be 40-45 cm.

Farm Profile Calculation Guidelines

For the correct choice of profile, especially if it will be used in large structures, one should start from the indicators of SNiP:

07-85 - information about the nature of the relationship between the weight of the structural elements of the structure and the impact of snow loads;
P-23-81 - the sequence of work with steel profile pipes.

Guided by these documents, you can decide which type of truss to choose for a particular type of building, which angle to lay the roof, and also choose the right section and dimensions of the profile pipe for the support pillars.

In particular, the regularity and intensity of precipitation in winter can greatly influence the choice of a profile for a farm. See also: "How to weld a farm from a profile pipe - instructions and recommendations."

For clarity, let's consider a real example of calculations for a single-pitched truss from a profile pipe. A canopy with dimensions of 4.7 × 9 meters will be built. In the front part, it should rest on support pillars, and the back part will be fixed on a residential building. The building will be located in the Krasnodar Territory, where the level of snow load in winter is 84 kg / m2.

The overall slope of the structure will be only 8 degrees.

Each of the racks will have a height of 2.2 meters and weigh about 150 kg. In this case, the load on them will reach 1100 kg. In this case, neither round nor oval profile pipes are acceptable. You need to use square 45 mm profiled products with a wall thickness of 4 mm.

Alternatively, the design of the truss can be slightly modified by adding 2 parallel belts with an oblique lattice between them, in which case profiles with a wall of 3 mm and a cross section of 25 mm can be dispensed with. The truss height of 40 cm involves the use of profiled pipes with a cross section of 35 mm and walls of 4 mm.

The ratio of the profile section and wall thickness depending on the load can be found in GOST 30245.

In order for arch truss profiles to be environmentally protected and reliable, they must be made of quality material, preferably alloy steel with sufficient carbon inclusion.

When developing a metal truss project, you should pay attention to a number of nuances:

to lighten the overall weight of the metal truss, it is possible to install auxiliary grids during the construction of the hangar - an option is acceptable if the slope of the roof is small enough;
the broken shape of the lower belt will help to significantly reduce the weight of the structure with an average slope angle;
Roof strength can be ensured if trusses are placed in increments of no more than 175 cm.

The assembly and welding of trusses from profiled metal pipes must be carried out in compliance with the following standards:

For a strong connection of all structural parts of the structure, twin corners and tacks are used.
In the lower chord, equilateral corners are used for welding elements.
For the upper chord of the truss, I-beams are used for welding.
Farms from a profile pipe: we calculate and make our own hands

They are fixed end-to-end on the smallest sides, having different lengths.
In order for the load to be evenly distributed throughout the structure, paired channels and lining plates are used.
As a rule, this technique is used when you need to make the canopy longer.
All welds must be carefully rechecked upon completion of work. After that, you can clean up.
If necessary, then at the end the farm is painted with an anti-corrosion compound.
If the profile is made of alloy steel, then it does not need to be painted.

Thus, for numerous buildings of economic or industrial use, trusses are often made from profiled pipes. Due to the significant complexity and laboriousness of the calculation process, it is better to entrust the design and creation of a drawing to professionals.

Benefits of using metal rafters
Classification of graves from a profile pipe
How to calculate how to slope
Calculation of a metal bar
Calculation examples
Recommendations for the selection of pipes and the creation of metal structures

Graffs from a profile pipe are often used in various construction industries.

Such farms are structurally composed of metal structures, which consist of individual rods and are shaped like a grid. Since the construction of solid beams, trusses are cheaper and labor intensive. Both welding process and rivets can be used to connect pipe hoses.

Markets for metal profiles are suitable for creating an extension, regardless of their length, but it is possible, the design must be calculated with assembly accuracy.

If the calculation of the metal substrate was correct and all the work on the assembly of the metalwork was done correctly, the finished truss should be raised and installed on the belt only.

Benefits of using metal rafters

Profile tube cuts have many benefits, including:

Mass of light design;
Long service life;
Excellent power characteristics;
Ability to create complex configuration structures;
Permissible cost of metal elements.

Classification of graves from a profile pipe

All metal structures on a truss share a few common parameters that allow the truss to be divided into views.

These options include:

number of belts. Metal markets can only have one band and then the whole structure lies in one plane or two bands. In the latter case, the farm will be called hanging.
The structure of the hanging truss includes two strips - upper and lower.
The form. There is a vaulted truss, a straight line, one-way and two-way.
Circuit.
Like a slope.

Depending on the contours, the following types of metal structures are distinguished:

Parallel belt trusses.
Such structures are most commonly used as support for roofing roofing roofing materials. A parallel belt truss is created from the same parts with the same dimensions.
fruit farms. Single ramp models are cheap because they have few materials.
The finished structure is strong enough to ensure the rigidity of the assemblies.
polygon farm. These structures have a very good load capacity, but they have to pay for it - polygonal metal structures are very inconvenient to install.
three markets.
As a rule, markets with a triangular contour are used to install roofs that are located at a large slope. Among the shortcomings of such farms, one should note the significant amounts of additional costs associated with the mass of waste in the production process.

How to calculate how to slope

Depending on the angle of the truss, trusses are divided into three categories:

22-30 degrees.
In this case, the ratio between the length and height of the final structure is 5:1. Trusses with this gradient, which are distinguished by their lighter weight, are excellent for placing short ranges in a private structure. As a rule, trusses with such a slope have a triangular contour.
15-22 degrees. In a design of this size, the slope of the length is seven times the height. Such holdings should not have a length of more than 20 m.
If it is necessary to increase the height of the completed structure, the bottom strap looks broken.
15 or less. The best option in this case would be metal rafters from a profile pipe, connected in the form of a trapezoid - short tables will reduce the effect of longitudinal bending on the structure.

In the case of a span exceeding 14 m, brakes must be used.

The upper belt should be equipped with a panel length of about 150-250 cm. With the same number of panels, a structure consisting of two strips is built.

For distances greater than 20 m, the metal structure must be reinforced with additional support elements that are connected to the support columns.

In order to reduce the weight of the finished metal, you must take care of the Polonso farm. It includes two triangular shaped systems that are tied with tightening. With this scheme, you can do without large brackets in the middle panels.

When you create a truss with a slope of about 6-10 degrees for a roof with roofs, you must remember that the final design does not have to be symmetrical.

Calculation of a metal bar

Calculations must take into account all requirements for metal structures with national standards. In order to create the most efficient and reliable design, a quality drawing should be prepared at the design stage, showing all the elements of the carrier, their dimensions and connection to the supporting structure.

Before you get your shelter farm, you need to determine the requirements for the final farm, and then start with the economy, avoid unnecessary costs.

The height of the reed is determined by the type of floor, the total weight of the structure and the possibility of further movement. The length of the metal structure depends on the expected slope (for structures longer than 36 m, the construction lift must also be calculated).

Select the panels so that they can handle the loads that will be displayed on the farm.

Races can have different angles, so this parameter should also be taken into account when choosing boards. In the case of triangular gratings, it is 45 degrees and has a tilt angle of 35 degrees.

The calculation of the roof from the hose profile is completed by determining the distance at which the nodes will be built relative to each other. This indicator usually matches the width of the selected inserts.

The optimal pitch indicator for the overall structure is 1.7m.

When calculating one farm, it should be understood that its throughput will increase as the height of the structure increases.

How to make cutters from profiled pipes - design options, material selection

In addition, if necessary, a truss scheme with several reinforcements should be supplemented, which can strengthen the structure.

Calculation examples

Getting pipes for metal objects should start with the following recommendations:

When installing objects with a width of less than 4.5 m, pipes with a profile of 40 x 20 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm are suitable;
For sizes from 4.5 to 5.5 m, pipes with a profile of 40 mm with a wall of 2 mm are suitable;
For larger steel structures, the same pipes are suitable as in the previous example, but with a 3 mm wall or a 60 x 30 mm profile pipe with a 2 mm wall.

The last parameter that must be taken into account in the calculations is also the cost of the material.

First of all, you need to consider the cost of the pipe (remember that the price of a pipe is determined by their weight, not their length). Secondly, it is worth asking about the cost of complex work on the manufacture of metal structures.

Recommendations for the selection of pipes and the creation of metal structures

Before preparing farms and choosing the best materials for future design, it is worth reading the following recommendations:

When researching the type of pipes available on the market, priority should be given to rectangular or square products - the presence of amplifiers greatly increases their power;
When choosing a facade faucet, it is best to choose high-quality steel products from high-quality steel (pipe dimensions are determined by the project);
Potentiometers and double angles are used to secure the main carrier elements;
In the upper bands to connect the I-beam frame is usually used on different sides, the smaller of which is needed for the connection;
For the bottom track, corners with the same sides are suitable;
The main elements of large structures are fixed with the main panels;
The races are at 45 degrees and the brackets are at 90 degrees.
When the metal frame for the crown is welded, it must be ensured that each sound is sufficiently safe (see also: "How to weld a truss from a profile pipe - parameters and rules for calculation");
After welding, the metal components of the structure remain coated with protective compounds and paints.

conclusion

Profile pipe trusses are very flexible and suitable for a wide range of applications.

Production farms cannot be called simply, but if you approach all stages of work with all responsibility, the result will be reliable and of high quality.

This type of knot is used for the design and verification of tubular connections of steel members with round, square and rectangular sections in accordance with the recommendations of Eurocode 3: 2005.

The knot calculation affects the following pipe connections: k, n, kt, T, Y, and X. You can also use I-beams as a chord in the connections and use a cantilever (horizontal, side panels) welded on the belt truss (see .

Take a look at the picture below.

Calculation methods:

Group of efforts to be taken into account when calculating the city:

longitudinal forces and moments in the truss chord
longitudinal forces and moments in adjacent bars (slashes)
longitudinal force and torque on the farm.

Load capacity test

Methods for calculating the load capacity of individual bars in a joint should be selected based on the following guidelines:

included in European Code 3: EN 1993-1-8: 2005
CIDECT Publications
- Design Guide for Connectors on Hollow Structural Sections
- Guidelines for the preparation of a rectangular hollow section (RHS) under the prevailing static load.
  Fundamentals of calculation and welding of a slot from a profile pipe

Calculation of welds

It is assumed that testing the power of the NRdi node with a brush is equivalent to testing the strength of these connections.

Therefore, when welding, we consider as fillet welds. Joint strength is tested in accordance with Eurocode 3:2005.

It is acceptable

in the case of assemblies that are made entirely of round tubes or with x-ray strips,
and brackets and racks - from a tube of round work,

the length of the weld is equal to their actual length.

If the hose is connected at a flat angle

For belts made from rectangular and square tubing, some areas of the welds are expected to be ineffective.

K and N compounds

In case there is a distance between the bars, it is assumed that the longitudinal sections of the seams (relative to the axis of the belt) are fully effective and that the effectiveness of the cross sections is different.

Section 3 (internal weld) of the inclined bars of the assembly is involved in the transfer of force from one bar to the adjacent section, and section 4 (outer weld) is excluded from participating in large angles of inclination.

Calculated sections of fillet welds:

a) Calculated wire cross-section for θ > 50°

a) design cross-section of the weld for θ ≤ 50 °

The reduced length of welded joints in joints K and N is equal to:

The l4 value in the interval (50 degrees, 60 degrees) must be linearly interpolated.

In connection with the attachment of rods, it is assumed that welds are counted on all four sides of the pipes to be joined, and their lengths are calculated according to the actual dimensions of the coupling.

Weld lengths in K and N joints:

The procedure for calculating the stress in individual sections of welded joints is the same as for joints with a gap between the rods.

T, Y and X connections

Sections 3 are not efficient if b values are small

It is assumed that the length of the weld is effective:

At the heart of the overlap of any outbuilding, whether it is a residential building, a hangar, an industrial workshop or a whole stadium, a special frame is laid - a farm. The most popular recently began to use farms from a profile pipe. We will talk about the types of trusses from profile pipes, as well as how to make calculations for the manufacture of a particular design, later in the material.

There are a lot of varieties of metal trusses from a profile pipe, and in some cases they even become the basis for chimneys. But in order for the whole structure to be strong and reliable, it is necessary to correctly execute the drawing according to which the frame will be made.

A variety of metal pipe trusses

As a rule, a metal profile is used to make trusses from a profile pipe. Its shape is oval, round, square, but most often a rectangular profile pipe is used.

Based on these parameters, all typical profile pipe trusses consist of the following groups:

Farms, the slope angle of which reaches about 22-30º. For such a design to be stable, its height should be equal to 1/5 of the length of the product or be somewhat less. As a rule, this norm is taken as the basis for calculating the required height of the structure, that is, the given length of the product is simply divided by 5. This type of truss is preferable if the structure should be as light as possible. If the estimated length of the building is more than 14 meters, then the position of the braces in the truss structure from the profile pipe for the canopy will be vertical. The main thing here is to make the correct calculation of the canopy, take into account all the nuances. Pieces of a profile 150-250 cm long are fixed on the upper tier. As a result, the entire frame will consist of two belts, with the number of panels a multiple of two. Pay attention to the fact that if the truss is very long - more than 20 meters, you will need additional support posts that will support the truss system and allow you to redistribute the load throughout the structure. Often, for the construction of a frame for floors, the Polonso farm scheme is used. It is a triangular structure, the connection in which has the shape of a puff. During its construction, the braces are not very long, which greatly facilitates the mass of the entire farm. Due to this quality, Polonso profile pipe trusses are used quite often.
The slope of the roof on the farm reaches 15-22º. This type of structure is preferred for buildings whose length does not exceed 20 meters. In height, such a structure should not exceed 1/7 of the length of the building. If it is necessary to increase the height of the truss, then its lower belt should consist of broken segments.
Frames with a total slope of no more than 15º. As a rule, if we are talking about this kind of farm, then it is made in the form of a trapezoid. Based on the purpose of the building, as well as the angle of laying the roof, the owner determines the height of the structure independently. You should start from indicators between 1/7 and 1/12 of the length of the building. A frame for a roof in the form of a trapezoid is made using metal panels, the length of which should be in the range of 1.5-2.5 meters. If the drawing of a truss from a profile pipe does not provide for a false ceiling, then a triangular lattice can be used instead of braces.

According to the shape of the truss from steel profile pipes can be divided into:

straight;
arched;
single-sided and double-sided.

The most popular and frequently used type of steel profile trusses are arched. Their design is quite durable and efficient, in addition, such a farm can be covered with polycarbonate sheets. However, in order to achieve the most even distribution of the load on the profile of the arched truss, calculations should be carefully carried out. For the construction of arch-type trusses, both single profile pipes and pre-welded together can be used.

Steel profile truss drawing

Drawing up a drawing and calculation of a truss from a profile pipe is carried out in compliance with the following methodology:

First of all, you should do the calculations of the planned or actual length of the room, for example, a garage, hangar, barn or summer canopy from a profile pipe. The received data will be taken into account when calculating the height of the farm from the profile. But the length of the steel frame may vary depending on the angle of the roof.
The next step is to determine what shape the profile will be used. The choice largely depends on the functional purpose of the hangar, the angle of the roof slope, and the type of roofing material.
After carrying out all the measurements, it remains to be seen whether it will be possible to transport the truss to the installation site if it is assembled at the construction site.
You will also have to take care of equipping the mechanism for the construction lifting of the roof, if the length of the object reaches values in the range of 12-36 meters.
Next, the parameters of the panels are calculated based on the level of expected loads to which the building will be subjected permanently or periodically. For a triangular profile truss, the slope will be 45º.
At the final stage, a step is laid between the nodes and a drawing of the future truss is made from a profile pipe, based on the data obtained.

Note that in order to obtain the most correct calculations when preparing drawings for an arched truss, it is better to use an engineering calculator. In addition, special computer programs and algorithms have now been developed to help designers, so there is no need to calculate manually.

How to calculate an arched profile truss

In order to analyze the methodology for calculating an arched truss from a profile pipe, we will give an example with specific numbers.

Separate sections of the farm will be placed at a distance of 105 cm, with the maximum load falling on the nodal points. In this case, the height of the arch will not be more than 3 meters. Moreover, it is desirable to make an arch with a height of 1.5 m, which will make it more durable, safer and quite attractive in appearance. The length of the truss (L) will be 6 meters, and the lower chord boom (f) will be 1.3 meters. In the lower tier, the radius of the circle (r) will be equal to 4.1 meters, and the angle between the radii will be α=105.9776º.

To calculate the length of the profile for the lower tier, we use the formula:

mn=π×Rα/180, where

mn - profile length for the lower tier;

R is the radius of the circle;

π is a constant value.

Thus, we get the following calculation:

mn \u003d 3.14 × 4.1 × 106 / 180 \u003d 7.58 meters.

If a profile truss is required for a small-sized construction, then you can limit yourself to the number of spans of 8-16 pieces. If we take a smaller number of spans, then the panels will reach 95.1 cm in length with a step between the belts within 87-90 cm. With the largest number of segments, the step will be 40-45 cm.

Farm Profile Calculation Guidelines

For the correct choice of profile, especially if it will be used in large structures, one should start from the indicators of SNiP:

07-85 - information about the nature of the relationship between the weight of the structural elements of the structure and the impact of snow loads;
P-23-81 - the sequence of work with steel profile pipes.

The ratio of the profile section and wall thickness depending on the load can be found in GOST 30245.

In order for arch truss profiles to be environmentally protected and reliable, they must be made of quality material, preferably alloy steel with sufficient carbon inclusion.

When developing a metal truss project, you should pay attention to a number of nuances:

to lighten the overall weight of the metal truss, it is possible to install auxiliary grids during the construction of the hangar - an option is acceptable if the slope of the roof is small enough;
the broken shape of the lower belt will help to significantly reduce the weight of the structure with an average slope angle;
Roof strength can be ensured if trusses are placed in increments of no more than 175 cm.

The assembly and welding of trusses from profiled metal pipes must be carried out in compliance with the following standards:

For a strong connection of all structural parts of the structure, twin corners and tacks are used.
In the lower chord, equilateral corners are used for welding elements.
For the upper chord of the truss, I-beams are used for welding. They are fixed end-to-end on the smallest sides, having different lengths.
In order for the load to be evenly distributed throughout the structure, paired channels and lining plates are used. As a rule, this technique is used when you need to make the canopy longer.
All welds must be carefully rechecked upon completion of work. After that, you can clean up.
If necessary, then at the end the farm is painted with an anti-corrosion compound. If the profile is made of alloy steel, then it does not need to be painted.

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How to make trusses from a profile pipe - types and methods of installation. Truss for a shed roof from a profile pipe Calculation of an arched truss from a profile pipe program

Farm types

Design features

Calculation basics

We calculate the farm from a steel profile pipe

Arched structures: calculation example

Profile pipe for mounting trusses: calculation requirements

Purpose of farms

Form calculation

Manufacturing of truss products

Requirements for the calculation of a profile pipe for the construction of a farm

Carrying out the calculation of an arched truss from a profile pipe

Design features of a truss from a profile pipe

Types of farms from a profile pipe

The main structure of the truss from a profile pipe

How to weld trusses from a profile pipe

Design features

How to calculate steel pipe box

Arched truss - calculation example

How to weld pipes from a profile pipe

Veneer veneer - material requirements

Profile pipe farm

Materials for profile pipes

Types of construction of graves from a profile pipe

Farm selection depending on the angle of inclination

Calculation of graves from steel profile pipes

Design phases

Useful tips for creating your own profiled hose edges

Calculation and production of graves from a profile pipe

The main stages of creating and installing graves from profile pipes

A variety of metal pipe trusses

Steel profile truss drawing

How to calculate an arched profile truss

Farm Profile Calculation Guidelines

Farms from a profile pipe: we calculate and make our own hands

Benefits of using metal rafters

Classification of graves from a profile pipe

How to calculate how to slope

Calculation of a metal bar

How to make cutters from profiled pipes - design options, material selection

Calculation examples

Recommendations for the selection of pipes and the creation of metal structures

Calculation methods:

Load capacity test

Fundamentals of calculation and welding of a slot from a profile pipe

Calculation of welds

K and N compounds

T, Y and X connections

A variety of metal pipe trusses

Steel profile truss drawing

How to calculate an arched profile truss

Farm Profile Calculation Guidelines

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