The cultivation of almonds - adopt the knowledge of experienced gardeners. Growing almond at home

Plant almond (Prunus Dulcis) - It is a small tree or shrub. Village almonds of the Pink Family Pink. The appearance combines about 40 types of almonds, but in culture more often grown almonds ordinary. Despite the fact that almonds consider nuts, in fact it is a bone fruit. Almond tree comes from the Mediterranean and Central Asia - It appeared in these areas long before our era. Today, almonds, except Central Asia and the Mediterranean, grows in California, China, Western Tian-Shan, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, in the vineyards of Slovakia, in the Czech Republic and South Moravia. Prefers almonds gravelly and stony slopes with a rich calcium soil at an altitude of 800 to 1600 m above sea level, although in Israel it grows much lower. Almonds are located in nature in small groups of 3-4 trees or bush at a distance from 5 to 7 meters from each other.

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Landing and care for almonds (brief)

• Landing: In early March or in the last days September.
• Bloom: In March or April, earlier than the leaves appear.
• Lighting: Bright sunlight.
• The soil: Drained and breathable black soils, loams, sandy soils with high lime content and pH 7.7 hydrogen indicator. Groundwater on the site must lay deeply.
• Watering: Regular: one bucket of water when the soil drying in a rolling circle to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. Saplings are watered more often than adult trees. With difficulties with the delivery of water in the season with a conventional amount of rainfall, there are enough two abundant polishes for the season: Spring and autumn moisture profitable.
• Feeding: At the end of April or in early May, a solution of 20 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water is added to the rolling circle. In the fall, 1 kg of manure and 20 g of dual superphosphate and sulfur potassium are added to the rolling circle.
• Pruning: In the spring, before the start of the deputation, and in the fall, after the leaffall, the sanitary trimming is carried out. Forming trimming is made after flowering.
• Reproduction: Okuliza, piggy, grains, sometimes seeds (bones).
• Pests: Cellite ticks, almond seeds, plum frozing, wave, plum cored-crooks and leafpers.
• Diseases: Churchosporosis, rust, moniliosis, gray rot (Botritis), a passage, a swasteporiosis (holey spot).

Details about the cultivation of almonds read below

Almond Tree - Description

The almond tree reaches a height of 4-6 m, and the almond shrub is 2-3 m. Almond rhizer has no more than five skeletal roots, which penetrate enough depth so that the plant does not suffer from drought. Soothes from this branching plant of two types: shortened generative and elongated vegetative. Leaves of almonds lanceal, with a pointed top, cuffs.

How does almond flowers bloom? Light pink or white almond flowers with a diameter of up to 2.5 cm consist of five petals. Almond bloom starts in March or April - earlier than its leaves bloom. Almond fruit is a dry, velvety onto the touch oval bustle with a leathery green ocoplate, which is easily separated from the bone from 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, which has the same shape as the fetus, but often digested by grooves.

Almonds begins to make fruits from four to five years, complete fruiting comes to the tenth and twelfth year, and fruits a tree from 30 to 50 years. For good care The almond tree can grow in your garden from 50 to 80, and some copies can live up to 130 years.

Almond ordinary has two varieties - bitter almonds growing in nature, and sweet almonds grown in culture. Almonds - a plant that requires cross-pollination, and in order for it to start to make the fruits, at the immediate vicinity of it should grow at least three almond varieties of pollinators, the color period of which coincides. In addition to wonderful delicious fruits, the value of almonds represent its decorative qualities. Almond is a wonderful honeycomb, exacerbating a magical fragrance during flowering. Since the almonds are pollinated mainly by bees, it is best to fruit, if 3-4 hiles are located on the site or somewhere near it.

The almond nut is a relative of such fruit trees, like an apple tree, a pear, plum, apricot, Alycha, Peach, Aria, Rowan, Rosehip, Hawthorn, Iiva and others known in the culture of representatives of the Pink family. From our article you will learn how almonds grows in conditions middle striphow to land and care for almonds, what are the types of almonds, which almond varieties are more adapted to our climatic conditionsWhat is the benefit of almonds, as well as for whom and what the almond is harmful to.

Planting almonds

When put almonds

Almonds can be raised from the bone, and we will tell you about this in the section on the reproduction of the plant, but it is best to grow almonds from an annual seedling. Plant seedlings in the ground in early spring - In early March - or in autumn, in the last days of November. Choose for almond trees a sunny plot, although they grow well in half, but seedlings should be protected from drafts and strong winds.

Best soil for almonds - Water and air-permeable black soils, sandy or lime soils with high lime content - optimal pH 7.7. Acidic, chloride or saline soils for growing almonds are unsuitable, just like plots with high standing groundwater.

Landing almond in autumn

Almond seedlings, planted in autumn, are coming up much better than those planted in spring. On the plot allotted for almonds, two weeks before landing, pits with a diameter of 50-70 cm deep to 60 cm at a distance of 3-4 m from each other in a row and 5.5-6.5 m between the rows. Each pit is laid for drainage layer of rubble or broken brick with sand and make mixed with fertile soil, consisting of sand, humid and leaf land in proportion 1: 2: 3, 5-6 kg of overworked manure and shelter superphosphate. If the soil is acidic, it is necessary to make a dolomite flour or lime in the amount of 200-300 in two weeks, when the soil in the pit is mounted, you can start landing almonds.

How to plant almonds? Landing the almond tree is not much different from planting plums or apricot. Incover in the center of the pit Poly - Six of such a height so that it will rise above the level of the site half the meter. Put a slide from the ground into the center of the pit. Lower the roots of the seedling into the clay boltushka thick shop sour cream and place a tree on a hilly in such a way that the root neck is slightly above the surface level. Put the pit with fertile soil, compact it and paint the tree 10-15 liters of water. When the water is absorbed, tie a seedling to the support and inspire the supreme circle of the peat layer or a dry ground with a thickness of 3-5 cm so that the mulch does not come into contact with the root tree.

How to plant almond spring

If for any reason you had to postpone the landing of almonds for the spring, the pits of it still need to dig in autumn. Lent in them drainage layer of sand and rubble, pour a layer fertile soilmixed with fertilizers and leave the pit until spring. At the beginning of March, before the trees begin to wander the juice, put the almond planting in the same order as in the fall.

Care for almonds

Planting almonds and care for it is carried out in accordance with the agricultural engineering of culture. You will have to carry out such procedures as watering, loosening and taking a rolling circle, trimming and feeding plants, as well as prevention against diseases and pests. And if you all perform correctly, then you will collect a good harvest.

How to care for almonds? At the end of March, it is necessary to make the first loosening of the priority circle to a depth of 10-12 cm, and then during the growing season, there are still 3-4 loosenings at a depth of 8-10 cm. Support the purity of the priority circle, delete in a timely manner weed grass.

Clean the almonds when his outer green shell darkens and starts easily separated from the nucleus. The collected fruits purify from the peel and lay in one layer for drying, after which they are stored in tissue bags.

Watering almonds

Despite the fact that almond culture drought-resistant, it is better to grow and fruits in conditions of timely and sufficient irrigation. Almonds growing in the sandy ground needs more frequent and abundant irrigation than the one that is grown in clay and driving soils. When you find that the soil under almonds dried to a depth of 1-1.5 cm, pour into the rolling circle of water bucket. The overvailing can lead to rewarding the root cervix of the plant.

Saplings need more frequent irrigation than adult trees: supporting watering should be carried out once every 10-14 days.

How to grow almonds in the absence of water? If you do not have the opportunity to irrigate almonds throughout the growing season, spend at least the autumn and spring waterproof watering of the plant.

Undercaming almond

Almonds in the garden experiences a need for nitrogen, so at the end of April or early May, 20 g of ammonium nitrate, divorced in a bucket of water, contribute to the rolling circle of each adult tree. Under the autumn people of the site into the rolling circle of each tree, 1 kg of manure is made, and 20 g of sulfur potassium and dual superphosphate. In the aisles of young plants, the first 5-7 years of life is desirable to grow sedients.

Treatment of almonds

Almond cultivation requires preventive treatments trees from pests and diseases. In order to destroy the harmful insects of the crust of the tree of pathogens and harmful insects in the soil in the soil and harmful insects, early in the spring, before the start of the renal's dissolution, draw the treatment of almond trees with a single-survive bordrian liquid solution. And at the end of the vegetation period, after the end of the leaf fall, perform the autumn spraying the almond by burgown with liquid or its counterparts to destroy the pests and sick microorganisms that have arranged for wintering.

Almonds in Siberia.

Despite the fact that almonds without shelter under the conditions of the middle bar not winters, there are frost-resistant species and varieties of plants that are successfully cultivated not only in Vologda and St. Petersburg, but also in the forest-steppe and steppe of Siberia. TO frost-resistant species Refers almond steppe, or low, or Russian, or a bobulk, or a tonsum. It is a shrub tall up to 1.5 m with brown or reddish-gray bark, lanceal, leathery, shiny, saws on the edges of dark green leaves up to 8 and up to 3 cm wide. Almond steppe unpretentious, gas-smoke and drought-resistant, absolutely It is undemanded to the composition of the soil and easily multiplious.

There are two garden forms Almond steppe: White Color and Gesslera - with flowers of a bright pink shade. In the spring, flowering branches of almond steppe are striking with their beauty. Based on the basement, breeders brought such high-temperature varieties like Annie, pink flamingos, a dream, white sail, pink fog.

The core of the fruits of almond steppe edible and tasty. Another advantage of this species is that it is rapidly restored even in cases when it comes to a harsh honesty winter.

Almonds in Moscow and Moscow region

In the conditions of Moscow and the Moscow region, except for the bobvik, almonds are growing well, which normally winter without covering and is rapidly restored in the event of a minor frozen. The most persistent in the conditions of the Moscow region winters were the form of plants, grafted on the trot of the Tern. Nevertheless, even the trees of cold-resistant varieties are desirable to protect against frosts - to cover their strains Loutrasil. And in order to prevent the shootings of shoots, you need to remove the top kidneys at the end of July or the beginning of August - this procedure stimulates the rapid decoration of shoots, after which the almond will not be terros.

Grinding almonds

When cut almonds

Almonds need forming and sanitary trimming, and adult trees require a rejuvenating procedure. The sanitary trimming is carried out in early spring, before the start of the sludge, and in the fall, when the almond takes place in the period of rest, and the forming trimming is made after the almond flowering.

How to cut almonds

Form the throne of almonds by the type of plum, apricot, peach or nectarine - bring three tiers of skeletal branches. Immediately after planting a seedling, it is cut at an altitude of 120 cm, while the stamp in the treet is formed with a height of 50-70 cm.

With the thinning trimming of the fruiting trees, they remove thickening crown and incorrectly growing branches. When filming flower kidneys, one-year shoots shortening.

Sprinking almond spring

After winter, even before the start of the blown of the kidneys, the almonds are shortened to the simply annual growths, cutting them up to healthy tissue, remove broken, patients or deformed branches and shoots. After the end of flowering, the forming trimming of the tree is proceeded. On falling autumn or spring, a seedling is usually at least three branches located at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other - they are shortened to 15-20 cm, and on the central conductor the next 2-3 years laid new skeletal branches that must be One of the other at a distance of 20-30 cm. The shoots are unnecessary for the formation of the crown several times over the summer, and those that are needed, shortening no later than July, as soon as they reach 50-60 cm length. On the second and third year of almond growth, unnecessary shoots cut out, the rest are shortened. Upon completion of the crown formation, the central conductor is cut into so that the last skeletal branch of the almond is below the conductor by 55-60 cm.

The trees that entered into the fruction with the formed crown almost do not need trimming, you only need to cut the fat shoots to the ring, and the broken shortening up to 3-4 eyes. Annual shoots that do not interfere regular development branches do not need to cut.

Trimming almond in autumn

In the autumn, after the leaf fall, they carry out sanitary trimming of trees and shrubs: cut off dry, broken, patients and thickening the crown shoots and branches. If you have to cut or cut a thick branch, do not forget to handle a slice garden Warr, and if for some reason you did not have time to cut almonds before the beginning of the winter, move the sanitary trimming on the spring.

Reproduction of almonds

How to multiply almonds

IN natural conditions Almond multiplies seed fashionIn culture, it is preferred to breed augmentation, because too much time goes from the seed. Nevertheless, you should know how to grow almonds from the bone at least because it can be painted for a varietal cutting. To grow, you will need the seeds of Gorky almonds, but if you do not be able to get them, you can use sweet almond seeds. In addition to these two ways, if the almond is not growing with a tree, but a bush, resort to the reproduction of the plant with pigs and grooves.

Growing almonds from seeds

Sow seeds in spring or under winter. If you decide to sow almonds in the spring, it is necessary to subjected to seed stratification material - for 3-4 months, put them in a vegetable box of the refrigerator. Almond seeds sow in the grooves depth of 8-10 cm at a distance of 10 cm from each other, observing the distance between the furrows of 45-60 cm. Seeds will germinate the next year, in April, and you will need to water them, pour and loose. In July, when seedlings were achieved in a height of 50-60 cm, the side sprigs on the trunks below 10-12 cm from the surface level should be cut into the ring. In these times, the thickness of the seedling stem in the root cervion area is approaching 1 cm, which means that the tree can already be used as a collection, but first it needs to be transplanted for a permanent place and give it to take care.

Grafting Almond

The reproduction of almonds is also carried out by the method of eyepling. Not only almond seedlings are used as a flow, but also plums, Alyci and Tern. It is better to carry out the procedure in the midst of the Software - in the middle of April or at the end of August, at the cool time of the day - at 16 o'clock in the day or early in the morning. Two days before the flow procedure, it is plentifully watered so that when conducting an eyepling, the bark is well separated from the wood. For the lead, developed direct shoots with formed vegetative kidneys are chosen. In order for the lead, all the leaves are removed from it, leaving only cuttings with a length of no more than 1 cm.

The stamps in the place of the vaccinations are rubbed from dust, then in the area of \u200b\u200bthe root cervix, the T-shaped incision is made and carefully flex a bark at the place of convergence of perpendicular lines. From the cake, a shield with a kidney of such a length is shoved so that it fit into the incision on the break. When you cut off the shield, capture the eyepulant knife, except for the bark, the thin layer of wood and, trying not to touch it with your hands, insert the shield into the T-shaped incision on the stock, tightly press it with a bark and fix the place of vaccination by turning it with a plaster or scotch, But so as not to close the kidney itself.

If after 2-3 weeks the residue of the petiole fall off, and the eyes will be green, it means that the eyepiece has passed successfully and the plaster can be loosen. If you vocked in the late summer, then the locking bandage should not be removed until the next spring, and the root neck with the vaccination is better to glue the earth. In the spring, when you make sure that the kidney passed on, free the root neck from the ground, and the place of vaccinations from the plaster or tape, then cut the dive to the bottom of the vaccination slightly above, and if you have a windy in the spring, then the cut should be made by 10-12 cm above graft kidney. When shooting kidney runs down to appear from sleeping kidneys below, they should be immediately removed, not allowing them to be delayed.

Reproduction of almond piglets and gag

The almond growing with a bush after trimming, as a rule, forms a pig. For the second year, when the roots of the piglets become strong, the siblings scratch and transplant to a permanent place.

If you decide to try the reproduction by gagging, choose flexible shoots for this, put them on the ground, fix the wire stiletto in several places and put it off the layer of the earth with a thickness of about 20 cm. Roots at the drains are formed long, and all this time you have to water the grooves It is soil and remove weary grass. About a year or a little more, when a strong decoder is formed root systemIt is separated from the maternal plant, fade and disembark.

Almond diseases affect the plant in cases where the agricultural nature of the culture is disturbed or it is weakened by improper or late care. Most often, almonds suffers from the paste, churchospos, rust, moniliosis, gray rot and slurryososporiosis.

Churchosposition - this fungal disease Most often strikes the leaves of almonds, but if the disease progresses, the cutters can also suffer and shoot the plant. The first signs of the disease can be found in June - rounded red-brown spots with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm appear on the leaves with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm, and in conditions of high humidity, a grayish flare is formed. Over time, in the center of the spots, the sheet tissue dries and falls out, the plant has to grow new leaves, which is consumed by a lot of strength, and this negatively affects the development of fruits. As a fight against the disease, as soon as the first symptoms are detected, the almond treatments are treated with fungicides.

Scab - This disease is striking not only the leaves, but also the flowers and the shoots of almond. As preventive measures from the pasta, the growing of plant-resistant varieties of plant varieties can be considered, the resistance of the site after leaffall, the preventive spring and the autumn processing of almond burglar liquid, timely trimming and burning of patients and branches. Well coped with a pair, as with other fungal diseases, drugs from the category of fungicides.

Rust - This disease is manifested by small red spots on the upper side of the sheet plate, and brownish pads are formed on the underside of the leaves. The stains grow up, merge, from which the leaves dry and prematurely fall. As a struggle against rust, the treatment of almonds with aqueous colloid sulfur suspension is used. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to clean fall from the plot vegetable residues and pull the soil.

Moniliosis - The causative agent of this disease penetrates through the flower pestle and strikes young shoots, leaves and almond flowers. It is possible to get rid of moniliosis by timely processing of almonds by fungicides - for example, the chorus.

Swasteporiosis or practice spotting Amazes all bone cultures. Not exception and almonds. Promotes the emergence and rapid development of the disease Warm rainy weather. The disease affects the leaves, flowers, shoots and fruits, however, typical signs of swasteporosis appear primarily on the leaves of almonds - small spots of red-brown, raspberry or red-purple shade. They gradually increase in size, merge, and the fabric in their center will die, brighten and falls out. A distinctive feature of the disease is a clearly pronounced dark border around the stains, allowing not to confuse the slurryososporiosis with other diseases. With a strong defeat of the bark of damaged shoots begins to flow gum. To combat the disease, almond treatments are used by the drugs, korusat, the might, topaz or veter, spraying the plant for the first time at the beginning of flowering, the second time after flowering, then two weeks after the second processing.

Gray rot or botritis, It is manifested by the formation on the leaves and shoots of brown, rapidly increasing in the sizes of spots. In conditions of high humidity, the plant covers a gray fluffy raid, consisting of a spore fungus. This flare is spread by the wind, and the neighboring plants are infected with gray rot. To combat this fungal disease, such fungicides are used as topaz, champion, kidnapsat, oxych. To avoid infection with a gray rot, try not to create too dense landings and avoid falling into fertilizer leaves with an increased nitrogen concentration. With the appearance of symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to cut the affected areas, after which the almond treat one of these drugs. It is possible to use the coating of the affected areas, collecting 30-40 g of Fongicide Roughcide and 300-400 g of CMC glue.

Pest of almonds

From the insect pests most suffer from the almonds from the spider tick, almond seeds, threes and leaflers.

Almond Seven Conducts winter in damaged almond fruits, so it is so important to remove vegetable residues from the tree and from the rolling circle. Conducting preventive work (spring and autumn spraying of trees with one-threaded bordrian liquid) can also reduce the risk of lesions of almond nuts with a seed. For guaranteed plant protection, spend one more almond treatment immediately after flowering.

Leaflet Rather, her caterpillar is powered by leaves, while turning them. As prevention, it is necessary to cut off and destroy the leaflet butterfly masonry and the leaves rolled by caterpillars, and the early spring, when the temperature will rise above 4 ºC, treat trees with burgundy liquid or preparation of prophylactin, dissolving the floor-liter of the drug in 10 liters of water. If the caterpillars were broken, we will have to resort to the treatment of almonds with such insecticides as Aktellik, Calypso, Fufanon, Dutiks, Tagore, Callery and other similar drugs.

Aphid - omnipresent and very dangerous pestpowered by cellular juice of leaves and young almond shoots and carrying incurable viral diseases. The fight against her should be merciless, especially since in one season it can give nine generations. As prevention near the almonds, umbrella plants can be attached - dill, fennel - who will attract the rockets to the rockets to the rockets. Destroy the TRU better folk remedies - Nasty wormwood, pyzhma, tobacco dust, bitter pepper, garlic, onions, dandelions, tomato and potatoes tops. For victory over the pest, it will take 3-4 processing. From the insecticides coped well with Biotline and Antitlin tool.

Cobed tick Mounted on almond during drought. He quickly multiplies, his population lives in a woven tick the finest pautin. This pest is powered, like a wave, cellular juice of leaves and young shoots. As a result of the vital activity of the web tongs, the plant weakens, and it can hit any diseases, including those with the carriers of which are web ticks. It is useless to apply against ticks insecticides, since they are spoofy, so the struggle should be conducted by acaricides (Apollo, Omaith, Fluumite) or Insectoacaricides (Agrantin, Akarin, Krestsevit, PhyTenerm).

Almond varieties

Sweet grades of almonds of ordinary are divided into solid specialized, from which the shell is removed by forceps, and mekgicksmind, the skin from which they are removed by hand. We offer you some well-proven varieties, among which you can choose almonds and for your garden:

• Anniversary - Late-bearing drought-resistant variety with a shell of medium thickness and a dense, sweet, dry core;
• Ayudagsky - Late Veterior Scrimil Freaky Vintage Grade, entering fruiting on the third or fourth year after landing. Soft-sorry, core plane, dense and sweet, light brown;
• Sevastopolsky - heat-resistant and drought-resistant lateral grade of very high productivity with soft shell and dense, sweet white nuclei;
• Mangup - drought-resistant lateral variety, rarely damaged by pests and diseases, with soft shell and solid, dense, sweet oily nuclei;
• Fragrant - Late-bearing grade with solid shell and fragrant, dense and oily cores of excellent taste;
• Dessert - Self-sustainable floral kidney grade Self-visible grade with rough soft shell and oval sweet nuclei with oily taste. A varieties of seaside and spicy are suitable as pollinators;
• Seaside - a yield self-visible grade with a fan-shaped crown shape, having a sustained rest period, with elongated oily fruits. A varieties of dessert and alena are suitable as pollinators.

In addition to those described, in cultural, Yalta's varieties, Nikitsky 62, paper-binding, RMS, Nikitsky Late Blowing, Nessebar, Dabkov, and California varieties of Balfarel, Nos Plus Ultra, Carmel, Padre, Mishn, Monterey and Sonor.

Almond grade for Moscow region

As we have already written, to grow in the Moscow region, any of the grades of almond ordinary are problematic - all of the wine cold winters, after which the plant may not recover. Therefore, it is better to grow in the suburbs almond steppe in the suburbs, or the so-called bobulk, the decorativeness of which is above all silence, and nuts on taste quality almost do not give way to the fruits of almonds sweet.

Almond properties - harm and benefits

Useful properties of almonds

How is almonds useful? Almond kernels contain up to 67% oily oil. Almonds are one of the best protein plant sources in the world: it contains as much protein as and in lean meat - up to 30%, and this is a high-quality, almost completely absorbed protein. In addition, almonds contain calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and manganese, sugar, enzymes, powerful antioxidant vitamin E and vitamins of B.

Almond has an action on blood lipids, purifies internal organs from slags and toxins, stimulates mental activity, improves eyesight, increases the production of sperm in men. It is recommended for patients with asthma and pleurrites, it is shown in ulcers and abstinities in the intestines and bladder. Italian scientists in an experienced way proved that regular consumption of almonds increases the body resistance to viral infections.

The nuclei of the almond nuclei contains antioxidants ten times more than the nucleus themselves. And by the way, it is used to tinted wines and brandy production.

IN folk medicine Almonds with sugar are used to treat anemia, anemia, insomnia and cough. Almond kernels possess an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, enveloping and softening action.

Despite its caloric content, almonds, with proper use, contributes to weight loss, since part of the fatty acids, which are contained in it are derived from the body, without having learned. If you have no more than 30 g of raw (not fried and not salty) nuts per day, it will help you reduce the number of lipids, normalize cholesterol levels and lose weight.

Almond oil is the most valuable product. It is used with inflammation of lungs, asthma, otitis, stomatitis, heart disease and kidney disease. It has a beneficial effect on the skin, eliminating irritation, moisturizing it and giving her elasticity. Almond oil is one of the best tools for strengthening hair, stimulating their growth and giving them glitter and elasticity. It quickly absorbs and activates the process of regeneration of the cell cells, so it is used as a basis for various ointments and creams.

Back

The almond plant is a small but very valuable fruit tree or a bush, which is a relative of plums. Contrary to popular belief, almond is not a nut, it is a solid bone fruit. The homeland of this plant is Asia, but at present almond grows in many parts of the world, it is successfully grown with some US states, in the mountains of Tien Shan, China, in Europe almonds are common in Mediterranean countries and in Crimea, as well as in the Caucasus, which As you know, is at the junction of Asia and Europe.

Almond grows in small groups on rocky slopes rather high above sea level. Prefers solar places and is not afraid of drought, having a well-developed root system.The plant belongs to frost-resistant, but freezing in the growing season tolerates badly. Soil for almonds must contain a large amount of calcium. It begins to bloom the light-pink five-point flowers at the end of winter - early spring, and the fruits appear in the early summer. The average life expectancy of the tree is a hundred years, but sometimes almond lives much longer. The period of fruiting - from the five-year-old age to thirty - fifty years. Almonds refers to cross-peeled plants.

Almond fruits are green bone-covered bones, similar in shape on apricot, which, after full ripening, are cracking along the inner seam. Thus, at almond, the fruit is like a nut, although the plant itself is not a nut. The fruits of almonds are very tasty, dietary and at the same time high - the amount of oil in some species of wood reaches almost 70%, protein - up to 35%. By nutritionalness, almonds exceed not only all the familiar fruits and vegetables for us, but even wheat, beef, milk and fish.

Also in Almond, many vitamins and microelements, so that the famous medieval leakage of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) used this plant in the treatment of liver, spleen and kidneys. Due to its composition, almonds are shown diabetics, asthmatics and yazuvenches, it is also taken in gastritis, headaches, nervous depletions. This plant has a property to calm and at the same time stimulate the work of the brain.

The almond oil purifies the bladder and kidneys, reduces the content of poor cholesterol, is used for inflammation of lungs, various stretching and even contributes to the treatment of some oncological diseases.The people believed that almond oil helps to get rid of pigment spots, freckles and dandruff (if you mix it with wine and labeled in hair), and it is also taken with a strong cough.

Almond fruits are calorie enough, therefore it is not necessary to abuse them. Nevertheless, the balanced composition of these fruits allows without special concerns to take it to take it even to people suffering from overweight.

Important! Non-priced almond bones contain cyanide, in addition, in some varieties there is a poisonous syntic acid. Such fruits should be used with caution and only after pre-roasting. Glycoside and amigdalin contained in large quantities In the fruits of almonds, fatal for a person, for the occurrence of death, it is enough to eat only a few dozen grains.

Almonds - a wonderful additive for confectionery products.It shads and strengthens the taste of chocolate candies and other sweets, also add it to various jams and jams, pastes, raw materials and ice cream. Almond flour as a wheat flour substitute is used in the recipes of exquisite cakes and cakes. Of the crushed almond nuclei, they are preparing a paste, which is an independent delicacy, as well as ingredient to enhance the taste of other products and saturate their unique almond aromas.

Did you know? Almond flour and made on its basis, marzipan used to be used to treat psychiatric diseases. In hungry years, due to high calorieness, it was used daily for the manufacture of bread as a substitute for missing conventional flour.

Where is the best to plant almonds

Although the almonds can carry the drought, dehydration can greatly harm the plant - it slows down and begins to reset the leaves, as a result, the harvest is reduced, and not only the current year, but also the subsequent. Also, productivity drops with insufficient lighting when almond grows in the plants shaded by other plants or places.

These features need to be considered, making a decision on the breeding of almonds.

What types and varieties are best to plant

Before growing almonds, it is necessary to decide for what purpose the plant will be planted, and depending on this choose the most suitable variety.

There are more than forty types of almonds, however, the most common is the almonds ordinary.Its height can reach six meters, but in dry places it grows a low bush. Depending on the taste quality The fruits allocate bitter, sweet and brittle almonds, they all belong to the plant in question.

Such grades of almonds, like a "pink fog" and "Anyuta", are very popular, but fertility prefer to grow a "white sail".

If the goal of growing almond is the decor of the site, it is worth paying attention to such varieties like almonds "Three-bladed" (it has a very beautiful one-step crown and falling leaves, blooms bright pink or crimson flowers); "Larbura" (distinguished by special aroma, large dark leaves and large light pink flowers) and Petunnikov (decorative dwarf shrub with beautiful flowers pink shade).

What soil is suitable for growing

The almond tree does not impose too high soil requirements, it may well grow on the crushed, in the sand and stones. It is optimal that the soil is light, fertile and had a good drainage.

For this plant is contraindicated with sour clay, salted, especially chlorine-containing soils, its root system does not tolerate the effects of high groundwater, as well as the absence of air and water permeability.

How and when to plant almonds

Solving the issue, how to grow the almond tree, begins with the choice of place. In addition to the requirements for the composition of the soil and abundance of light, it is necessary to provide a seedlow good defense from wind. It is best to place a plant on the south side of the site.

Landing almonds optimally exercise late in the fall, planted in the spring plant comes with worse.

Important! There is another secret: considering that almonds cannot be polished independently, several varieties and instances need to plant. The presence of other almond trees somewhere nearby does not solve the problem: for successful pollination, almonds are needed insects settled in the ule directly near the plant.

The technology planting the almond tree is next. Poams of a slightly more than half meters are digging at a distance of two or three meters one from another (for shrubs and dwarf varieties this distance can be reduced). At the bottom of the pit, a small gravel or crushed stone is falling asleep, up to 10 cm of sand, then - feeding, ideally - phosphoric fertilizers and manure.

A tree neatly exhibited in the pit (the root cerv should be 10-15 cm under the ground), after which the pit is filled with fertile soil and is well tumped.

The influence circle of the radius of one and a half meters should be meditated.It is best to use peat for these purposes. Near the seedling is driven by a support with which a young church is attached to protect him from the wind.

Each seedling should be abundantly pouring.

Reproduction of almonds

Almond multiplies with seeds, cuttings, as well as root division of the plant.

Almonds can be raised from the bone, but in this case the biological and commercial characteristics of the almond walnut may be lost. In order for as best to germinate a bone of almonds, it should be pre-soaked in a strengthening solution and planted at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other into a pre-prepared well-prepared place in late autumn or at the beginning of winter to a depth of 10-15 cm. One hole can be laid in two bones, in this case, after germination, leave a stronger seedling.
Bones can be planted and early in spring, but before that, from the end of January - the beginning of February they must be stratified (germinate in similar with natural winter conditions) in the sand. The process lasts up to one and a half months at a temperature of zero to ten degrees above zero.

When seed shoots are reached 10-15 cm, the roots of the plant at the same depth must be trimmed with the help of a shovel, the post is abundantly pouring.

The echoing of seedlings is carried out at the end of summer in the root cervion area, after which the oculist is plunged. Annual seedlings need to transplant, otherwise they do not form a crown.

The reproduction of almond stalks

To multiply the almond tree in this way, at the beginning of the summer from the top of the plant, the cuttings are cut off a length of 15-20 cm (two nodes) and placed them in a stimulating solution for several hours. After that, the cuttings are planted into the prepared mixture of sand and peat (ratio of 1: 2) and placed in a cold greenhouse for 20-30 days. During this time, the cuttings must be completely rooted, after which the young almond tree continues its cultivation in the school bed.

The reproduction of almond piglets

If the almond tree trim strongly, it gives an abundant pig. For the second year after the appearance, such sprouts can be separated, retaining roots, and transplant in a separate place.

The reproduction of almonds

The young almond sharp can be used for breeding. To do this, it must be burned to the ground, pinch with a metal or wooden stud and sprinkle the earth slightly. The own root system for such shoots is formed about a year later, all this time they need to regularly water, glowing the weeds around them and sweat the soil. Subsequently, the seedlings are separated from the mother tree and plant in a permanent place.

How to care for almonds

To obtain a good harvest of almonds, it is necessary to observe not only the landing rules, but also to ensure the proper plant in the open soil.

How to pour almonds

Almond needs abundant irrigation only if it grows on sandy soil. The abundance of moisture is very harmful to the plant, but with a lack of water, the tree blooms poorly and does not be fruit. Throw almonds when the soil around the plant dried to a depth of about one and a half centimeters. The irrigation rate is from seven to ten liters of water on the bush.

Fertilizer and feeding almond

Almonds need a large number of forces so that the fruit is properly formed and poured; This feature of the plant determines the agricultural engineering of its cultivation. Spring adult tree Feels with organic and ammonium Selitra (20 g on the water bucket). In the fall, the soil must be filtered with double superphosphate and sulfate potassium - in 20 g of the other per square meter.

Grinding almonds

Trimming and haircut almonds are very useful for the plant. Even the flowering branches cut into decorative purposes will not damage the tree. Be sure to remove damaged and dried branches. Forming a tree is necessary as soon as it wonders. Pruning is necessary almond nutSince it is very quickly growing and without proper haircut acquires an untidy look. So that the plant pleased the eye, annual shoots should be trimmed.

Grafting Almond

Almonds can be vaccinated not only on the plant of the same variety, but also to other grades of almonds, as well as on the plum, Alych or Turn. It is best to do in the middle of the spring or at the end of the summer, when the Socialization is particularly active. The weather should not be too hot.

A couple of days before the flow procedure, it is necessary to pour very well (the bark should be easily separated) so that when conducting the eyulification, the bark is well separated from the wood. A straight cutter with an formed kidney is taken as a cereal, from which it is necessary to trim the leaves carefully, leaving not to damage the kidney, the cuttings are several millimeters.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe root cervia (first it is necessary to clean it from dirt) A sharp knife is performed in the form of the letter "T", and in the place where the lines of the feet converge, the bark is neatly rejected. From the prepared cutting, a shield with a kidney from such a calculation is cut off so that it fit into a prepared cut. When trimming the flap, you need to capture, except for the bark, some wood fabric. The cutlets are inserted into the incision, covered with the bark and is fixed with a dense bandage from the patch or tape (the kidney should remain on the surface).

After 2-3 weeks, a control check is carried out: with a successful vaccination, the eyes should be green, and the petiole disappears. After that, the bandage can be loosen. If the eyepiece was carried out at the end of summer, it should not remove the strapping of the eye to the spring. Eye, which did not fit, need to be dipped.

In the spring, after the appearance of foliage, the strapping can be removed, insert with a dried eye to instill with the help of a prepared steer.
When the height of the eyepiece reaches 10 cm, it must be additionally emphasized, the procedure is repeated at least twice, as you grow. The shoots that give a dive should be deleted, just like the side shoots appearing on the eyepiece.

Did you know? In the southern regions, almonds, like a rigorous, unpretentious and easily carrying frost, a plant is used as a stock, peaches and apricots are vaccinated on it, quite confidently feel on such support. You can advise the article to your friends!

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Many legends and legends are connected with the almond. In some nations, this tree was sacred, and someone has the fruits of almonds considered food of the chosen. This attitude to the almond is fully justified, because it can be considered one of the most beautifully flowing plants. There are more than forty almond species. In our strip, the almond steppe and almonds are tested. Almonds are a wonderful garden decoration, the duration of his flowering is about two weeks. But, some wish to have this plant not only on the site, but also on their windowsill.

Well, at home it is possible, but at the same time it is necessary to take into account some requirements for this plant to care.

Almonds - a plant is light-chapter, so he needs to highlight the brightest windowsill. It poorly tolerates the cold and when winter occurs may yellow and reset the leaves. At the almond plot in the winter, they are covered at home, it's enough to keep the plant away from cold drafts. IN summer time The wind almond suffers normally, so it can be performed on an open veranda.

For planting almonds, they choose fairly deep ceramic containers, as it has a powerful root system. The soil must consist of composite and leaf land taken in equal proportions. In order to form a beautiful tree, it is necessary to regularly trim the rustling shoots from the trunk. Faded flowers Also removed. Young shoots on two or three eyes are cut off with scissors until they have time to worry. IN room conditions Almond grows pretty slowly.

The transplant is carried out every year in spring or after the end of flowering. When transplanting, a larger container is chosen and cut the 1/3 root system.

At the end of the summer, they spend one more trimming, removing long branches, while not the touch branches with the kidneys of the next year. In October, cut off all branches, forming a neat crown.

The cultivation of almonds on the windowsill resembles the art of bonsai. In the spring and summer you can use copper wire For the direction of growth of branches.

In the period preceding flowering, almonds need abundant irrigation, which is reduced after the plant blooms.

The feeder is carried out in spring and autumn organic fertilizer. Autumn feeding is more abundant, as the plant requires a supply of nutrients before the upcoming wintering.

It is possible to reproduce almonds with root siblings, green cuttings, vaccination and seeds. To grow almonds from a bone at home, you need to plant fresh seeds, the spring plant must be preceded by stratification for 4-6 months.

This plant has over 40 species and varieties. There are also three varieties of this culture: bitter, sweet, thin-walled. The most famous species of this plant, which can be raised in their site, include ordinary almonds, widespread in Iran, Crimea, in the Caucasus. It is considered a long-liver, as it lives for about 140 years. Almonds ordinary grows either in the form of a shrub tall up to 4 m, or as a tree whose height is 8 m. The most famous varieties include a white sail and pink fog.

Steppe almond grows in European regions of Russia and Asia. This plant is resistant to drought and freezing, so it is best to plant on cottage plot. Steppe almond begins to bloom in early May. The life expectancy of the plant is about 70 years. The fruits are small, about 2 cm long, covered with light peel. Collect harvest in early September.

Steppe almonds

Three-blade almonds live in the northern part of China. The height of the tree is about 5 meters, beautiful crown is about 1.5 meters. At the end of April, flowers of a raspberry or pink shade appear on the tree. 4 weeks after flowering on the tree, fruits appear. Almond Larbura is a small shrub, reaching a height of about two meters. Brightly pink flowers in diameter - about 4.5 cm. But fruiting the tree starts only 10 years after landing. It is very easy to carry frosts, so that this kind of almond, along with the steppe, can be planted in the country area.

Another famous - Almond Petunnikov. This shrub belongs to the dwarf, reaching just 1 meter into the height. His homeland is considered the western part of Tien Shan. Begins to bloom in May bright pink flowers. Fruits appear on the tree for about the fifth year after landing. Caring for shrubs is quite simple, but you need to remember that he is afraid of frost.

Before we tell how to grow and get a good almond harvest, you need to choose a method of reproduction of this tree, which can pass in three ways: seeds, cuttings and vaccination. Almonds breed seeds usually in nurseries. Seed seeds and spring, and autumn. In the spring landing, the seeds should be staped in advance (carry out moisturizing the material in the growth amplifier) \u200b\u200bapproximately 3 months before landing. The temperature should be about five degrees.

Preparation of almond seeds to the spring landing

Annual seedlings develop very quickly. After the length of the seedling reaches 30 cm, it can be transferred to the ground - after a couple of years, the first flowers will begin to appear on the tree. You can breed a tree by vaccinate on the plum, Alych and the cherry. This breeding method is most suitable for a three-blade almond.

But with the help of cuttings, the plant is breeding in vegetative cultivation. To this end, in the middle of June, you need to take the decorative cuttings of the steppe or other kind of almonds with a length of about 20 cm. After trimming, soak them in the growth stimulator for 15 hours. Then the cuttings are planted into the boxes, falling asleep in them with sandy-peat grounds for better rooting. Capacities with seedlings put under the film in a cold place.

Almonds are quite unpretentious to the soil and the place of cultivation, but for obtaining a good harvest, some conditions should be observed. The plant feels well on clay, stony, slate and graveling soils. But on sour and heavy soils, this tree will grow pretty badly. Along the almonds do not carry too wet soil with a chlorine abrasiveness.

Try not to land trees in areas where the soil has bad breathability. Almond prefers bright places, in shaded areas develops slowly and will not be able to boast good crops. For landing, choose the places away from the buildings and other trees. Next, you should decide on the landing time. According to the gardeners who successfully grow this tree, it is better to plant it in November. In the spring, the survival rate is much smaller.

Planting almonds

An important condition for obtaining a crop - it is necessary to plant near about 4 interval varieties or, at least 2 varieties. If you land just one tree, it just will not be able to be pollinated.

• Drop the hole in a depth of about 70 cm and a width of 80 cm. The distance between them is about two meters. Planning the landing of the almond garden and in the preparation of the site, remember that the distance between the rows should be about 7 meters.
• At the bottom of the pit put drainage: rubble, stones or broken bricks. On top of the drainage, push the sand with a layer of about 10 cm.
• Mineral and. The best way - Use overworked manure and superphosphate in the ratio of 10: 1.
• I lower the almond seedlings in the pit so that the root neck of the tree "entered" into the ground to a depth of at least 10 cm. Fall asleep the Lunka of the Earth and the trambra.
• Mulch the soil with a peat at a distance of 3 m from the trunk.
• Under each bush pour 10 liters of water.
• Secure the seedlings, toning them to a wooden support.

Almonds will not require you too much time and effort. Let's start with watering. Almonds watered as the soil drying - if the soil is reduced, pour for each tree along the water bucket, but not more, because as a result of strong moisturizing the root system can simply be controversial. But always follow the soil - in the arid season, you still have to water more, but if the summer is rainy, the amount of irrigation should be reduced.

Do not forget to feed the trees and shrubs. In the spring, almonds are fed with chicken litter or manure, and in the fall, when foliage falls, fertilize your almond garden with superphosphates. You should also cut old and sick shoots. Conduct works usually early spring to flowering. And here decorative shrubs require cosmetic trimming, which will help to form a crown. It is usually carried out after the plants are swinging.

Formation of almond tree crown

Due to the fact that almonds are a flowering plant, he is very "loved" pests and diseases - even high-quality care does not guarantee their absence. If not to take preventive measures, some of the diseases may be fatal for the plant. So, the most dangerous enemy of almonds can be called a tort, which comes out of the leaves. Because of this, the development of kidneys, flowers is suspended. As a result, you can simply not collect almond fruits. In the fight against the tool, it is better to use pesticides, and young plants are desirable to be treated with a solution of household soap, red pepper and beam from wormwood.

TO dangerous disease Related and. Unfortunately, there is no means that will allow to protect the trees from this disease. The only way to struggle is to remove all patients with shoots that need to burn after trimming. If the almonds sick with moniliosis, spray trees with a bordrian liquid with a solution. Also on trees can attack the caterpillars. Noticing unpleasant guests, it will have to treat almonds using an insecticidal soap solution.

Plant care must include regular soil loosening under the tree and the removal of weeds. Due to this, more moisture and oxygen will flow into the ground, which are so needed by the root plant of the plant for normal development. In the fall, it is necessary to take care of the protection of almonds from frosts. To do this, it is necessary to trim extreme kidneys, which will contribute to the quick weighing of shoots. In this case, the shrub is quite painlessly transfers the cold temperature. Conduct cropping early in autumn after harvest.

Blooming decorative trees And shrubs are a fairy tale! More precisely, you will fall into a fairy tale in your garden if you put this miracle. For example, decorative almonds.

Motherland AlmondProbably the Caucasus and North Africa, from where his culture has spread to Europe. Currently, the greatest plants of almond are in the field of Mediterranean, China and America. He is grown and with us.

Almond grows in the form Bush or trees with reddish sprigs. Height reaches 3-8 m, looks like a cherry. Leaves growing after the end of flowering, oblong, flowers consist of a grocery aggressive cup and a pink or red whisk. Fruit of almond - The leathery covered with hairs bone cracking during maturation. The surface is smooth or wrinkled. The first fruits appear for 3-4 years of life, and fruiting lasts 30-50 years.

Valuable Early Madonos gives nectar and many pollen. Used as a drought-resistant stock for peaches and apricots.

• Every year in January in Spain and Portugal there is a special holiday - Almond day in bloom.
• Daily consumption of almonds It helps to reduce cholesterol and largely prevents the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Almonds can be planted As a decorative soil plant. To do this, almonds are recommended low (about 0.6 m height), with intensively pink buton and pink petals; almond Larbura. - some large sizes, with larger leaves and form of the fetus; Three-blade almonds (called Slavic Sakura or just Japanese cherry) - the most beautiful of decorative almonds.

Almond decorative Unpretentious and smoke-resistant, transfers haircut, gives root pig. Heat-loving, but winter articles. It blooms steadily, but it's not always fruit.

Minds are breeding Seeds and vegetatively. Sowing is carried out in autumn or spring after stratification for 4 months, garden forms - vaccinating on the turn, plum, as well as green cuttings. Transfer tolerates well. In the first years grows quickly. Fruit on the third year of life. Used in a single landing and groups, for decoration of stony rocks.

Designers landscape design use almonds Basically, when landscaping country, private and country sites.

If the almond grows on the lawn, then it is necessary to put the seals, for example, cornflowers, iberis, gypsophila or soil plants to it.

Very beautiful almond compositions from coniferous plants. Low bushes or stambling forms Almonds are perfectly combined with stones and are indispensable in the Japanese Garden.

Essentially decorative almond trees They are extensions of medium sizes, but this does not intend their attractiveness. Already by the middle of spring, almond literally flashes bright collapse pink flowers. From the almond trees of producing nuts are distinguished by two features: no nuts and maximum height up to 7.5 meters. Usually blooming almonds Reaches a height from 2.5 to 3 meters. This allows you to use as part of decorative fences and parks.

Independent reproduction of almonds

For vegetative reproduction almonds are breed Green and root cuttings, siblings and giving vaccine. Almond seeds are reproducing, living in freshly collected in open sad Autumn. In the spring they are sown after the mandatory three-four-month stratification.

For spring landing Almond seeds are stratified in a humid coarse sand at a temperature of 1-5 degrees (not higher than 10 degrees). Typically, the volume of sand takes more than the volume of nuts (seeds) three times. To secure oxygen access during stratification, it is recommended to mix them once in a decade (pour out of the container, mix and loosely pour back into the container); Wash dried sand. For autumn crop Depth of chips almond seeds - 7-8 cm, with spring - 5-6 cm. Seed seed rate - 60-80 pcs. Almond seedlings grow quickly. During the growing season, the soil is loosened 4-5 times and weeds are regularly smeared, watered as needed.

Pests and diseases of almonds

Like all flowering plants, almonds susceptible to the defeat of the tool. These small insects Attack great amount Plants. In addition to the deformation of the leaves, they damage the kidneys and inhibit the growth of the plant. Having an adhesive substance that attracts ants, they cause the development of black mold. Biological enemies of almonds are ladybugs. As fast Fashion The struggle are suitable pesticides.

During the flowering period of almonds, the main danger represents the caterpillars. They can very quickly deprive your tree foliage. Insecticidal soaps and oils are perfectly suitable as a means of struggle.