PRESCHOOL PREPARATION

Dear parents of future first graders! This page is for you!

Going to school is an extremely important moment for both the child and his parents. The practical experience of psychological examination of children shows that not all children are comprehensively prepared for a painless and successful entry into learning activities at school.

Understanding the importance of preparing children for school, even a few months before the start of the school year, it is possible to organize targeted developmental activities with children that will help them in this new stage of life.

There is much that parents can do for a child in this regard.- the first and most important of his educators.

Psychological readiness for schooling involves the following components:

First of all, the child must have a desire to go to school, that is, in the language of psychology - motivation for learning;

Must be formed social position schoolchild: he must be able to interact with peers, fulfill the requirements of the teacher, control his behavior;

It is important that the child was healthy and fit, otherwise it will be difficult for him to withstand the load during the lesson and the entire school day;

He must have good mental development , which is the basis for the successful mastery of school knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as for maintaining the optimal pace of intellectual activity so that the child has time to work with the class.

Sometimes parents think that if a child can read, write and count before school, then success is assured. However, pedagogical practice shows that often such children, having easily begun to study, suddenly, quite unexpectedly for their parents, begin to reduce their success.

Why? It is very important that by the time the child enters school, such cognitive processes as attention, memory, thinking, imagination, and motor skills have been developed.

Here you will find material that will give you an idea of ​​how much knowledge, skills and abilities a child of 6-7 years old should have by the time they enter school, will help you determine which abilities of your child are best developed, which sufficient level and what else needs to be worked on.

Child preschool age possesses a truly enormous potential for development and the ability to learn. Help your child develop and realize their potential. Do not regret the time spent. It will pay off many times over. Your child will cross the threshold of school with confidence, teaching will not be a heavy duty for him, but a joy, and you will have no reason to be upset about his progress.

To make your efforts effective, use the following tips:

1. Do not let the child get bored during classes. If a child has fun learning, he learns better. Interest is the best of motivations, it makes children creative people and enables them to experience the satisfaction of intellectual pursuits.

2. Repeat exercises. The development of a child's mental abilities is determined by time and practice. If an exercise doesn't work, take a break, come back to it later, or offer your child an easier option.

3. Do not be overly anxious about insufficient progress and insufficient progress.

4. Be patient, do not rush, do not give the child tasks that exceed his intellectual capabilities.

5. In classes with a child, a measure is needed. Do not force the child to do the exercises if he is fidgeting, tired, upset; do something else. Try to determine the limits of the child's endurance and increase the duration of classes each time for a very small time. Give your child the opportunity to do what he likes.

6. Children of preschool age do not perceive strictly regulated, repetitive, monotonous activities. Therefore, when conducting classes, it is better to choose a game form.

7. Develop communication skills, a spirit of cooperation in your child.

8. Avoid disapproving assessments, find words of support, praise the child more often for his patience, perseverance, etc. Never emphasize his weaknesses in comparison with other children. Build his self-confidence.

And most importantly, try not to perceive classes with a child as hard work, rejoice and enjoy the process of communication, never lose your sense of humor. Remember that you have a great opportunity to make friends with a child.

Good luck and more faith in yourself and the capabilities of your child!

Tests and exercises for the future first grader

General training

Every child should know the answers to these questions.

1.Name yours full name and last name.

2. How old are you?

3. Name your date of birth.

4. Say the name and patronymic of your mother.

5.Where and by whom does she work?

6. Say the name and patronymic of your dad.

7.Where and by whom does he work?

8. Do you have a brother or sister? How old are they? Are they older or younger than you?

9. State your home address.

10. What city do you live in?

11. What is the name of the country where you live?

12. Do you want to go to school? Why? Do you like to exercise?

Ability to follow the rules.

Methods of "yes" and "no"

You and I are going to play a game where you can't say the words "yes" and "no". Repeat, what words can not be spoken? ("Yes and no"). Now be careful, I will ask questions, and you will answer them, but without the words "yes" and "no".

Trial questions (not graded):

Do you like ice cream? (I love ice cream)

Does the hare run slowly? (The hare runs fast)

Test

1. Is the ball made of rubber?

2. Can you eat fly agaric?

3. Is the snow white?

4. Is the fox red?

5. Is a crow smaller than a sparrow?

Does the frog crow?

Can pigeons swim?

Does the clock have one hand?

Are bears white?

Does a cow have two legs?

Evaluation of the results obtained:

High level- no errors were made

Medium level - one, two errors

Low - more than two errors

Attention

Check how your child's attention is developed.

Exercise 1: I will pronounce the words, if you hear the name of the flower, clap your hands.

Carrot, poppy, tit, plane, chamomile, pencil, notebook, comb, aster, grass, rose, birch, bush, leaf, branch, gladiolus, ant, peony, spy, pirate, tree, forget-me-not, cup, pencil case, cornflower.

Result:

Medium level - 1-2 mistakes

Low - more than 2 errors

Task 2 : Clap your hands when you hear a sound in the words that I say BUT.

Watermelon, bus, pineapple, iron, hat, bow, fox, wolf, bear.

Result:

High level - no errors

Intermediate level - 1 mistake

Low - 2 or more errors

Task 3: I will name four words, and you name two of them that sound similar.

Onion, bear, grass, bug.

donkey, sled, watering can, banks.

bear, shirt, cone, Birch.

Memory

A child's success in school largely depends on his memory. With the help of the tasks below (it is better to complete no more than one task per day), you will be able to assess the memory of your child. Don't be discouraged if the result isn't brilliant. Memory can be improved!

Exercise 1: Listen carefully to 10 words and try to remember them.

Ball, cat, forest, window, mushroom, watch, wind, table, glasses, book.

Ask your child to repeat the words he memorized in any order.

Result:

At least 6 words - high level

4-5 words - intermediate level

Less than 4 words - low level

Task 2: Read the phrases to the child one at a time and ask them to repeat each.

1. Mushrooms grow in the forest.

2. It was raining heavily in the morning.

3. Mom reads an interesting book to children.

4. Vova and Sasha carried red and blue balloons.

Result: Well, if the child literally repeated the phrase from the first time and did not change the words in places.

High level - repeated all 4 phrases exactly

Intermediate level - I made a mistake in only 1 phrase

Low level - made a mistake in 2 phrases or more

Task 3: Listen and memorize the poem.

Read the poem to your child and ask them to repeat it. If the child repeated with errors, read it again and again ask to repeat. The poem can be read no more than 4 times.

Snow flutters, spins,

It's white outside.

And the puddles turned

In cold glass

Result:

High level - repeated the poem verbatim after 1-2 readings

Intermediate level - repeated the poem verbatim after 3-4 readings

Low level - made mistakes after 4 readings

Task 4:Listen carefully to the pairs of words and try to remember them.

Read to your child all 10 pairs of words. Then call the child only the first word of the pair, and let him remember the second word.

Autumn - rain

Vase - flowers

Doll - dress

Cup - saucer

book - page

Water is fish

Machine - wheel

House - window

kennel - dog

Clock - arrows

Result:

High level - 8-10 pairs of words

Intermediate level - 5-7 pairs of words

Low level - less than 5 pairs of words

Task 5: Exercise for the development of the volume of short-term auditory memory "Word Cascade".

Ask your child to repeat the words after you. Start with one word, then name two words, the child must repeat in the same sequence, three words, etc. (intervals between words - 1 second).

When the child cannot repeat a certain word sequence, read him the same number of words, but different ones (for this, another list of words should be prepared).

If in the second attempt the child coped with this verbal series, then go to next row, and so on until the child can reproduce the given number of words in the second reading.

1. Fire.
2. Home, milk.
3. Horse mushroom, needle.
4. Rooster, sun, asphalt, notebook.
5. Roof, stump, water, candle, school.
6. Pencil, car, brother, chalk, bird, bread.
7. Eagle, game, oak, phone, glass, son, coat.
8. Mountain, crow, clock, table, snow, book, pine, honey.
9. Ball, apple, hat, carrot, chair, butterfly, subway, chicken, socks.
10. Truck, stone, berries, briefcase, sled, hammer, girl, tablecloth, watermelon, monument.

Thinking

The child learns the world and learns to think. He learns to analyze and generalize, to establish causal relationships.

The child may find it difficult to complete these tasks. In this case, explain to him the principle of performing tasks, and then offer him similar exercises.

Exercise 1 : Answer the questions:

1. What is more in the garden - potatoes or vegetables?

2. Who is more in the forest - hares or animals?

3. What is more in the closet - clothes or dresses?

Answers: 1 - vegetables, 2 - animals, 3 - clothes.

Task 2 : Read the stories to your child and ask them to answer a question after each story.

1. Sasha and Petya were wearing jackets different color: blue and green. Sasha was not wearing a blue jacket.

What color jacket was Petya wearing? (blue)

2. Olya and Lena drew with paints and pencils. Olya did not draw with paints. How did Lena draw? (paints)

3. Alyosha and Misha read poetry and fairy tales. Alyosha did not read fairy tales.

What did Misha read? (fairy tales)

4. Three trees grow: birch, oak and pine. The birch is lower than the oak, and the oak is lower than the pine. Which tree is the tallest? What is the lowest?

5. Seryozha, Zhenya and Anton competed to see who runs faster. Seryozha ran faster than Zhenya, and Zhenya ran faster than Anton. Who came running first, and who came last?

6. Once upon a time there were three puppies: Kuzya, Tuzik and Sharik. Kuzya is fluffier than Tuzik, and Tuzik is fluffier than Sharik. Which of the puppies is the most fluffy? Which one is the smoothest?

Task 3 : Answer the questions:

1. Which animal is bigger - a horse or a dog?

2. In the morning we have breakfast, and at noon ...?

3. It is light during the day, but at night ...?

4. The sky is blue, but the grass ...?

5. Cherry, plum, cherry - is it ...?

6. Why, before the train passes, are barriers lowered along the way?

7. What is Moscow, Kaluga, Kursk?

8. What is the difference between day and night?

9. A small cow is a calf, a small dog is ...? The little sheep is...?

10. Is the dog more like a cat or a chicken? What, what do they have in common?

11. Why do all cars have brakes?

12. How are hammer and ax similar?

13. How are a squirrel and a cat similar to each other?

14. What is the difference between a nail and a screw? How would you recognize them if they were lying here next to you, on the table?

15. Football, tennis, swimming is ...?

16. What types of transport do you know?

17. What is the difference between an old person and a young one?

18. Why do people go in for sports?

19. Why is it shameful to shy away from work?

20. Why does a letter need to be stamped?

When possible, try to get the child to give 2-4 answers, asking him the question: “What else?”

The norm is at least 15 correct answers.

Task 4 : Find the extra word:

Read a group of words to your child. 3 words in each are close in meaning and can be combined according to their common feature, and 1 word differs from them and should be excluded. Ask your child to find the odd word.

1. Old, decrepit, little, dilapidated.

2. Brave, evil, courageous, courageous.

3. Apple, plum, cucumber, pear.

4. Milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, bread.

5. Hour, minute, summer, second.

6. Spoon, plate, a bag, pot.

7.Dress, a cap, shirt, sweater.

8.Soap, toothpaste, broom, shampoo.

9. Birch, oak, pine, strawberry.

10. Book, TV, tape recorder, radio.

Task 5 : Mind flexibility exercise.

Ask your child to name as many words as they can for the concept.

1. Name the words for trees.

2. Name the words related to sports.

3. Name the words for animals.

4. Name the words for pets.

5. Name the words denoting land transport.

6. Name the words denoting air transport.

7. Name the words denoting water transport.

8. Name the words related to art.

9. Name the words for vegetables.

10. Name the words for fruits.

Speech development

By the age of 6-7, the child's speech should be coherent and logical, with a rich vocabulary. The baby must hear and pronounce all sounds correctly. mother tongue. Development oral speech- the main condition for the successful mastery of writing and reading.

Talk more with your child, ask him to retell the cartoons he watches, the books you read. Offer to make up stories from pictures.

If your child has difficulty pronouncing certain sounds or has difficulty distinguishing sounds by ear, then you should seek help from a speech therapist.

Task 1: Determine by ear what sounds the words differ in.

Read a couple of words to your child. The child must give an answer after each pair.

A goat is a braid, a game is a needle, a daughter is a dot, a day is a shadow, a kidney is a barrel.

Result:

High level - no errors

Intermediate level - 1 mistake

Task 2: Clap your hands when you hear a different sound.

Read the chain of sounds to the child.

Y-y-y-y-y-y

S-s-s-s-s-s

R-r-r-r-l-r

Result:

High level - no errors

Intermediate level - 1 mistake

Low - 2 or more errors

Task 3: Clap your hands when you hear a word that differs from others in sound.

Read the word sequence to your child.

Frame, frame, frame, lama, frame.

Gingerbread Man, Gingerbread Man, Box, Gingerbread Man.

Result:

High level - no errors

Intermediate level - 1 mistake

Low - 2 or more errors

Task 4: Choose the correct words that are opposite in meaning.

The child must correctly choose the opposite word for each of the proposed. An error is considered to be a “loud-soft” answer.

Slow - (fast)

Day Night)

Hot Cold)

Thick - (thin)

Kind angry)

Result:

High level - no errors

Intermediate level - 1 mistake

Low - 2 or more errors

Task 5: Answer the questions.

Read the questions to your child. He must choose the right words for each of the proposed.

What happens: sour, fast, red, soft?

Who can: jump, swim, growl, sing?

What is he doing: fish, plane, frog, car?

Result:

High level - no errors

Medium level - 1-2 mistakes

Low - 3 or more errors

Task 6: Explain the meaning of words.

Read the word to the child. Ask them to explain its meaning. Before doing this task, explain to the child, using the example of the word "chair", how to do it. When explaining, the child must name the group to which this object belongs (a chair is furniture), say what it consists of given subject(the chair is made of wood) and explain why it is needed (it is needed in order to sit on it).

Notebook, plane, pencil, table.

Result:

High level - the child explained all the concepts correctly

Intermediate level - the child explained correctly 2-3 concepts

Low level - the child explained correctly no more than one concept

Task 7: Listen carefully to the story.

Read the story to your child and ask them to answer the questions.

In the morning, Tolya, a first grader, left the house. There was a blizzard outside. The trees were noisy. The boy was frightened, stood under a poplar, thinking: “I won’t go to school. Scary".

Then he saw Sasha standing under a linden tree. Sasha lived nearby, he was also going to school and was also frightened.

The boys saw each other. They became happy. They ran towards each other, joined hands and went to school together.

The blizzard howled and whistled, but it was no longer terrible.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Answer the questions:

1. Who was mentioned in the story?

2. What class were the boys in?

3. Why did the boys feel happy?

Result:

High level - the child correctly answered all the questions

Intermediate - the child correctly answered 2 questions

Low level - the child correctly answered only 1 question

The world

At the time of entering school, the child must have a certain stock of knowledge and ideas about the world around him. It is good if he has elementary knowledge about plants and animals, about the properties of objects and phenomena, knowledge in the field of geography and astronomy, an idea of ​​time. Below are the basic questions about the world that the child should be able to answer.

1.Nature

Name the seasons and the signs of each season.

What is the difference between wild animals and domestic animals?

What are the benefits of pets?

What kind of predatory animals do you know?

What herbivores do you know?

Name migratory and wintering birds. Why are they called that?

What herbs, trees, shrubs do you know?

How are herbs different from trees and shrubs?

Name garden and wild flowers.

What are the fruits of pine, oak, apple trees called?

What natural phenomena do you know?

2.Time

List the parts of the day in order.

How is day different from night?

List the days of the week in order.

Name the spring, summer, autumn, winter months of the year.

Which is longer: a minute or an hour, a day or a week, a month or a year?

List the months in order.

3.Geography

What countries do you know?

What cities do you know, in what countries are they located?

What is the difference between a city and a village?

What rivers do you know?

How is a river different from a lake?

What planets do you know?

What planet do we live on?

What is the name of the earth's satellite?

4. World and man

What are the professions:

Who teaches children?

Who heals people?

Who writes poetry?

Who composes the music?

Who paints pictures?

Who builds houses?

Who drives cars?

Who sews clothes?

Who plays in cinema and theater?

What item is needed to:

measure time;

Talk at a distance

Watch the stars;

measure weight;

Measure the temperature?

What kinds of sports do you know?

What sports require a ball? Skates?

What musical instruments do you know?

What writers do you know?

What is honesty, kindness, greed, cowardice, laziness, diligence?

Why do you need to study? Work?

How to cross the road?

5.Properties of objects.

What happens wooden, glass, metal, plastic?

What happens soft, hard, free-flowing, smooth, liquid, sharp?

List of used literature:

1. Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G. Shcherbinina S.V. is your child ready for school? Test book. - M .: LLC "Publishing house" Rosmen-Press ". - 2002. - 80 p. - (School for preschoolers)

2. Kovaleva E.S., Sinitsyna E.I. Preparing a child for school. - M .: List New, Veche, KARO 2001.-256s., Ill.

3. Morozova O.V. I'm going to school./A big book about school for small children. Rostov / D: "Phoenix", 2000. - 320s.

4. Chivikova N.Yu. How to prepare your child for school. - M.: Rolf, 2001. - 208s.

How to prepare a child

to schooling?

Every parent worries about their child when they enter school. What should a future first grader know and be able to do? Is he ready to learn? For you, parents, we offer some tasks that will help in preparing a preschooler for learning.

Let's start with a conversation. During the conversation, clearly formulate questions, give time to think about them, praise the child more often, do not scold him if he could not answer or gave a bad answer.

It is advisable to conduct such an interview for the first time in advance, somewhere six months before entering school (enrollment of children in school begins in March). In this case, you will have the opportunity to eliminate gaps in knowledge and increase the level of readiness of the child for learning.

Conversation on questions

At the beginning of the conversation, you can ask a series of questions that will help determine how the child is oriented in the environment, determine his stock of knowledge and attitude towards school.

1. Give your last name, first name, patronymic.
2. Name the surname, name, patronymic of mom, dad.
3. How old are you?
4. Where do you live? State your home address.
5. What do your parents do for work?
6. Do you have a sister, brother?
7. What are your friends' names?
8. What games do you and your friends play in winter and summer?
9. What names of girls (boys) do you know?
10. Name the days of the week, the seasons.
11. What season is it now?
12. How is winter different from summer?
13. At what time of the year do leaves appear on trees?
14. What pets do you know?
15. What are the names of children of dogs (cats, cows, horses, etc.)?
16. Do you want to go to school?
17. Where is it better to study - at home with your mother or at school with a teacher?
18. Why do you need to study?
19. What professions do you know?
20. What does a doctor (teacher, seller, postman, etc.) do?

Evaluation of results.Answers corresponding to the question are considered correct: Mom works as a doctor. Father's name is Sergey Ivanov Ivanov. Answers such as: Mom works at work are considered incorrect. Papa Sergei.
If the child answered correctly 20-19 questions, then this indicates a high level, 18-11 - about the average, 10 or less - about the low level.

Recommendations. Try to fix the child's attention on what he sees around him. Teach him to talk about his experiences. Achieve detailed and extended stories. Read children's books to your child more often and discuss what you read with him.

Collecting split pictures

Cut the picture according to one of the proposed schemes. Shuffle the resulting parts and invite the child to assemble the broken picture. There is no need to pronounce the name of the resulting image.

High difficulty variant		Simplified version

Evaluation of results.High level - all pictures are collected, medium level - the second picture is collected (simplified version), low level - pictures are collected incorrectly.

Perception research

What geometric shapes are these drawings made up of?

To identify the level of selectivity of attention, the child can be offered to find only a circle, only a triangle.

Evaluation of results.High level - the child correctly found and named all the figures, medium level - the child made 3-4 mistakes, low level - the child made 5 or more mistakes.

Picture story

Put in front of the child in random order 3 - 4 pictures connected by a single plot. Then invite him to put them in the right order and make up a story based on them.

Example 1
Example 2

Evaluation of results.High level - correct location pictures and correct description events, medium level - the child correctly arranged the pictures, but cannot compose a competent story, low level - a random sequence of pictures.

Recommendations. To develop coherent speech, teach your child to give a complete answer to the questions posed, ask him to retell the stories, fairy tales, films and cartoons he has read to him.

Understanding grammatical construction

Make a suggestion:"The girl went for a walk after watching the cartoon."Then ask the question: "What did the girl do before - walking or watching a cartoon?"

What is superfluous?

Show your child the card and ask the following questions:

1. What is redundant here?
2. Why?
3. How can you name the rest of the objects with one word?

	Card number 1		Card number 2

Checking fine motor skills of hands

One of the prerequisites for successful schooling is a sufficiently high level of development of small movements. Many six-year-old children have insufficiently developed this skill. To determine the level of development of small movements, the child can be offered the following task:

The cyclist needs to drive to the house. Reproduce his path. Draw a line without lifting the pencil from the paper.

Evaluation of results.High level - there are no exits beyond the "track", the pencil did not tear off the paper more than three times, there are no line violations. Low level - there are three or more out-of-tracks, and there are also pronounced line violations (uneven, trembling line; very weak or with very strong pressure, tearing the paper). In intermediate cases, the result is rated as average.

Recommendations. To increase the level of development of small movements, classes in drawing and sculpting are useful. You can recommend stringing beads, fastening and unbuttoning buttons, buttons, hooks.

Count within 10

1. Which is greater than 7 or 4, 2 or 5.

2. Count from 2 to 8, 9 to 4.

3. Mom baked pies. Dima took 2 pies with cabbage and the same number with meat. How many pies did Dima take?

4. There were 7 cars in the garage. 1 car left. How many cars are left?

5. The children blew up 10 balloons. 2 balloons burst. How many balls are left?

Read Check

1 option. The child cannot read, but knows the letters.

1. Show the child a card with a letter and ask what letter it is.

2. Put some cards with letters in front of the child. Name the letter and ask to show the correct card.

3. Read the syllables.

ta, then, us, neither, re, ku, by, boo.

Option 2. The child can read.

Sparrow and swallows.

The swallow made a nest. The sparrow saw the nest and occupied it. The swallow called her friends for help. Together, the swallows drove the sparrow out of the nest.

Who made the nest?
- What did the sparrow do?
- Who did the swallow call for help?
- What did the swallows do?

Speech training

Vocabulary is normal by the age of six developed child is between 3000 and 7000 words.

Speech is a form of thought. The main function of speech is communication, communication or, as they say, communication. The readiness or unpreparedness of a child for schooling is largely determined by the level of his speech development. The better his speech will be developed before entering school, the faster he will master reading and writing.

In connection with the above, parents should pay attention to:

1. correct pronunciation of sounds;
2. the ability to distinguish speech sounds by ear;
3. possession of elementary skills of sound analysis of words;
4. vocabulary;
5. connected speech.

Tasks on this pagehelp parents to determine the level of speech development of the child.

Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia (violation of writing) is a significant percentage of other speech disorders found in students in public schools.

The lack of formation of phonemic hearing leads to the fact that students do not distinguish between the phonemes of their native language. In writing, this is expressed in the form of their mixing and replacing letters, as well as the inability to correctly apply certain grammatical rules when writing.

Checking the correctness of sound pronunciation

Writing any word involves the ability to identify each sound and designate it with the corresponding letter. If the child cannot distinguish sounds, inevitable difficulties arise when writing.

To identify deviations in the speech development of a preschooler, select pictures for the sounds that are most difficult in articulation:s, s, s, s, c, u, f, h, u, p, p, l, l, d.Each of these sounds should be at the beginning, middle, end of words, which makes it possible to identify the child's difficulties in pronunciation.
For example:

	Sugar, mask, sauce.
camping	Syrup, jelly.
	Fence, rose.
sz	Zephyr, goat.
	Flower, saucer, cucumber
	Chocolate, cone, shower.
	Acorn, knife.
	Cup, pen, key.
	Puppy, box, borscht.
	Backpack, bed, fire.
p	Radishes, mushrooms, primer
	Lamp, rug, chair.
eh	Chandelier, raspberries, salt.
	Egg, T-shirt, barn.

To check paired voiced and deaf(h-s) a goat - a scythe, (b-p) barrels - a kidney, (r-l) horns - spoons.

Study of auditory differentiation

Show the child two pictures. Say the word and ask the child to point to the named object.

Example:

(s-s)	goat - braid
(s-t)	sled - tanks
(s-sh)	bear - bowl
(r-l)	horns - spoons
(sh-sh)	cup - bowl
(g-k)	guests - bones
(d-t)	fruits - rafts
(b-p)	tower - arable land
(v-f)	owl - sofa
(w-w)	ears - snakes
(and I)	blockage - withered
(oh-oh)	nose - carried
(woo)	bow - hatch
(yo-yu)	hedgehog - skirt

Coherent speech check

Ask the child to tell what he sees in the picture.

Please note that the child should not only list the objects he saw, but also name the time of day, give names, explain what people are doing.

Vocabulary research

1. Name of items related to different groups eg: trees, flowers, vegetables, furniture.

2. Finding common names for a group of objects (cup, glass, saucer - dishes).

3. Selection of signs and name according to the signs of the subject, for example: sour, yellow (lemon).

4. Selection of actions to the subject (bird..., dog...).

5. Selection of objects for action (barks ..., meows ...).

6. Selection of words close in meaning: good - pleasant.

7. Selection of words opposite in meaning: good - bad.

Vowel differentiation

Differentiation a - z

Exercise 1.

ma, na, sa, ka, la, pa, ra, ta, fa, wa
me, nya, sya, kya, la, pya, rya, tya, fya, vya

Task 2. Compare pairs of words for meaning. Make up a sentence with each word.

small - crumpled glad - a number of blockages - withered garden - sit down

Task 3. If your child knows letters and can read, then invite him to read the syllables in pairs.

ma - me ta - cha la - la wa - ya yes - ya
pa - pya sa - sya ra - rya ka - kya ba - bya

Differentiation yo - yu

Exercise 1. Listen to the syllables. Say which vowel you hear.

myo, mu, nyo, nu, sho, shu, le, lu, ryo, ryu
yum, mu, nu, yon, yor, ryu, ryo, yur, yos

Task 2. Listen to the words. Name only the vowel. Make up a sentence with each word.

south, hedgehog, Julia, led, everything, skirt, eagle

Task 3. Read the syllables.

yom - yum myo - mu cho - chu yot - yut mu - myo - mu

Similar tasks can be offered to the child for differentiation sounds o-o, wow.

Differentiation of consonants

Differentiation s - s

Exercise 1. Listen to the rows of syllables, remember, repeat them in the same sequence.

for - with - for zi - si - zi su - zu - su su - zu - su
sa - for - sa si - zi - si zu - su - zu zu - su - zu
sya - zya - sya zo - so - zo zy - sy - zy sho - ze - sho

Task 2.

tooth - soup, rose - dew, goat - scythe, Zoya - soy

Task 3.

Differentiation b - p

Exercise 1. Listen to the rows of syllables, memorize and repeat them in the same sequence.

pa-ba-pa poo-boo-poo pa-ba-pa-ba
ba-poo-ba boo-poo-boo ba-pa-boo-pa

Task 2. Compare pairs of words for sound and meaning. Make up a sentence with each word.

stick - beam, tower - arable land

Task 3. Form syllables. Read them.

Tasks for highlighting features of objects

1. What can be said about the shape, color, taste of lemon, watermelon, apple, tomato, pear.

2. Name a few signs of words: TV, radio, sofa, pen, pencil, felt-tip pen.

Mathematical preparation

At the time of entry into school, the child should be able to:

1. count within 10 (direct and reverse counting);
2. decrease and increase the number by 1;
3. compare numbers within 10, name the smallest, largest, equalize the number of objects;
4. compare objects by length, height, width, weight;
5. arrange items in ascending or descending order;
6. distinguish the color and shape of objects;
7. making a difference geometric figures;
8. navigate on a sheet of paper.

In order to develop the thinking of children, you can use the tasks below.

Tasks to find the same properties of an object.

Invite the child to find two identical objects.

Tasks for finding various properties of an object.

Invite the child to find an object, a figure that is different from others and justify his choice.

Game "What is superfluous?"

Exercise 1.

The child is asked to answer the following questions:

What is the odd geometric figure?
- Why?

2. Which fish swims deeper than others?

3. Show the shortest, longest pencil.

4. Show the picture where the green cube is in front of the blue cube.

Count within 10

Exercise 1.

Task 2.

How many triangles are shown in the drawing?

Task 3.

a) Draw as many green circles as there are chair legs.
b) Draw as many blue sticks as there are fingers on the left hand.
c) Draw four colored triangles.
d) Draw seven circles with a red pencil.

Task 4.

a) Grandma knitted Sveta two pairs of mittens. How many mittens did Grandma knit?
b) There are 4 cubes in the box. One cube was taken. How many cubes are left in the box?
c) Bought 3 buns with raisins and 1 bun with jam. How many buns did you buy?
d) There are kittens in the basket. All kittens have 5 pairs of ears. How many kittens are in the basket?

When a child is prepared for learning, he takes the initiative in learning and extracurricular activities, he will not have difficulties in the process of studying and communicating with classmates. This article will help to prepare a child for school at home, to determine the level of his knowledge and motivational readiness.

Parents of future first graders are concerned about the question, is their child ready for school? After all, it is very important not just to send the baby to the first grade, but to do it on time - when the child is mentally ready to attend an educational institution and is sufficiently developed for this.

A mistake in determining the readiness of a child can be costly: unwillingness to attend educational institution, refusal to learn lessons, depression, uncontrollable behavior - all this will be demonstrated by a first grader who finds himself at school “at the wrong time”. In order to avoid trouble and prevent psychological trauma in a child, parents should be very careful about matching the level of his knowledge and skills to modern requirements.

Requirements for preparing a child for school: a list

By now, a whole list of what a future first grader should know and be able to do is formed:

• Confidently state your last name, first name and patronymic
• Date of your birth
• Home address
• Name of mother and father (grandparents and other relatives - optional)
• Place of work of parents
• Famous poets and writers in the country
• Holidays
• Distinguish between the concepts: "forward - backward", "right - left"
• Days of the week
• Colors and shades
• Seasons (with months)
• Traffic rules on the road
• Distinguish between domestic and wild animals, name their cubs
• Name garden, forest, wild flowers
• Name migratory and wintering birds
• Distinguish fruit from vegetables
• Know professions
• Name the types of transport and the way it travels
• Retell what you heard
• Anwser the questions
• Make up a story from a picture
• invent fairy tales
• recite poems by heart
• Describe from memory
• Copy text and picture
• Finish sentences
• Find an extra object, picture, word, letter
• solve riddles
• Count from 0 to 10 and back
• Know the composition of numbers
• Distinguish between "more" and "less"
• Know the shapes
• write in cells
• Know letters, distinguish them from sounds
• Determine the first and last letter(sound) in a word
• Choose words starting with the given letter
• Read simple words and syllables
• Know when a sentence ends
• Outline
• hold a pen

Despite the fact that many of the listed skills the child must learn in primary school, testing before entering the first grade is carried out precisely on these points.

Cognitive interest, quick reaction, non-standard and logical thinking will be formed by a preschooler if you regularly conduct mathematical classes with him in a playful way.

In order for these lessons to bring benefit and joy to the child, parents should take into account:

• child's age
• level of training
• ability to concentrate
• interest in classes

Math classes These are not monotonous examples and problems. To interest the child and diversify the lessons of mathematics, the following types of tasks should be used in working with preschoolers:

• tasks with geometric shapes
• mathematical riddles
• tasks are jokes
• puzzles

IMPORTANT: Any task should be selected individually, taking into account its degree of complexity and the level of development of the child.

Math Games

"Houses". Draw 3 three-story houses, each on separate sheet. Draw 3 windows on each floor. Randomly draw curtains on some windows. Tell your child that people already live in apartments where there are curtains. Ask him to move people to the remaining floors so that there are equal numbers of tenants on each floor. Let him finish the colorful curtains in the windows of those apartments where he settled people. Then ask them to count which house has more tenants.

"Drawings from geometric shapes". Draw any geometric shape on the sheet. Ask the child to come up with a drawing using the proposed figure in it. If the kid did not understand the task, show, for example, how easily a circle can turn into a sun, a snowman or a car wheel.

Connect the numbers. Ask your child to connect the numbers with lines. Explain that if he does this correctly, he will see the drawing. For kids younger age use pictures with numbers up to 10, for older children use more complex pictures with numbers up to 30 or 50.

IMPORTANT: Group lessons increase the interest of the child in what is happening. The sense of competition, strongly developed in preschool age in most children, will not allow the child to be distracted.

Match the numbers game

Entertaining math questions and puzzles:

• How many legs do three cats have and how many legs do two birds have?
• How many ears are in two mice?
• Natasha's mother has a daughter, Masha, a cat, Fluff, and a dog, Druzhok. How many daughters does the mother have?
• What is heavier: 1 kg of stones or 1 kg of down?

The bunny has five bunnies

They sit on the grass with their mother.

Another hare has three

They are all white, look!

What is three and five?

Pears fell to the ground from the branches

Pears cried, tears dropped

Katya collected them in a basket

I gave everything to my friends in the kindergarten:

Two Pavlushka, three Seryozhka,

Marinka and Arinka,

Masha, Nadia and Oksana

And one, of course, for my mother.

Count it fast

How many Katya's friends?

Five geese flew in the sky

The two decide to have lunch

And one is to take a break.

How many have gone on the road?

Brought mother hen

Seven chickens in the garden for a walk.

All chickens are like flowers.

Five sons, how many daughters?

Four blue plums

They hung on a tree.

Children ate two plums

And how many didn't make it?

IMPORTANT: Encourage the child's interest in such tasks, praise if he tries to come up with similar tasks on his own.

Preparing for school: developing reading tasks for children

Reading is one of the most important disciplines. The better a child learns to read, the easier it will be for him to study at school. The purpose of training- to explain to the child the principles and rules of reading, to achieve from the preschooler a confident reading of letters, syllables and short words.

IMPORTANT: Due to the fact that information is perceived by young children in a slightly different way than adults, it is necessary to teach reading only in a playful way.

Child Reading Plan simple enough:

• Memorize the letters with your child in this order: all vowels, hard voiced consonants, deaf and hissing consonants.
• Achieve fast and error-free identification of letters.
• Teach your child to read sounds, that is, to pronounce the letters already familiar to him together. Start with easy-to-read and pronounce syllables (na, ma, la, yes) and gradually move on to more complex ones (zhu, ku, gu, pho).
• Move on to reading short and multi- simple syllables words (ma-ma, ba-ba, o-la, cat, house).
• Every day, complicate the task a little, enter a few difficult words.
• When the child learns to read words, move on to reading short sentences.
• After the child learns to read in sentences, you can use various developmental tasks in teaching.

IMPORTANT: During classes, make sure the pronunciation of sounds is clear, explain where in the sentence you need to pause between words.

Game "Find the word". Invite the child to look for a certain word in a small unfamiliar text. And it must be done for certain time(e.g. one minute).

"Loud, quiet, to yourself". Ask your child to read quieter, louder, or silently. According to your instructions, he should switch from one type of reading to another as quickly as possible. Make sure that the pace of reading does not change.

"Syllables on cards". Write the syllables on the cards so that you can make words out of them. Ask your child to help the lost syllables find their friends and form words. Play the game daily, gradually adding new syllables.

"Vowels consonants". Have the child name or write as many consonants as possible in 30 seconds, and then vowels.

"Answers on questions". Prepare a few simple questions according to the text. Invite the child to find answers to these questions while reading the text.

"Reading with interference". Teach your child to read regardless of the environment. Turn on music or TV briefly while reading. Make sure that the child continues to read without paying attention to the change in the sound background.

Letter size. Reading texts with different fonts should not be a problem for a child. To do this, daily invite him to print and read letters of different sizes on his own.

"Words are twists". Show your child words that change their meaning when read the other way around: “cat - current”, “cart - call”, etc. Explain that you should always read from left to right.

"Reading Through Teeth". Complicate the usual daily reading with an unusual fun task: the child must read without opening his teeth. After reading the text, you need to retell it.

"Missed a Letter". Write 5 - 10 words he knows, in each of which skip one letter. Ask the future first grader to fill in the missing letters in the words.

"Similar Words" Write several pairs of words similar in spelling, but different in meaning: “cat - whale”, “hand - river”, “house - smoke”. Have your child read the pairs and explain the meaning of each word.

"Reading in a Minute". Invite your child to read the same text “at speed” every day. Pay attention that every day he reads faster and more clearly, and in the allotted minute he moves further and further. For clarity, it is better to use an hourglass.

Sometimes children have difficulty completing developmental reading tasks. This happens for the following reasons:

• Uncertainty. To make sure that the syllable or word is read correctly, the child rereads it several times in a row.
• Scattered attention. Preschoolers quickly lose interest in what they consider to be boring activities.
• Lack of concentration. The child cannot perceive the whole word, but concentrates attention only on the first few letters or syllables.
• Small vocabulary. Unfamiliar words the child pronounces uncertainly when reading.
• Bad memory. The child does not remember letters, sounds, forgets the principle of formation of syllables and words.
• Violations of the speech apparatus, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (otitis media, enlarged tonsils).

Video: How to teach a child to read?

Preparing for school, developing tasks for children in writing

The greatest difficulties for all first-graders without exception arise when performing graphic tasks. This happens for three reasons:

• lack of interest in the child
• hand muscle immaturity
• inexperience

To facilitate the process of mastering writing at school, parents should begin to engage with the child from an early age. Game developing tasks will help to interest a preschooler.

"Labyrinth". Invite your child to find a way out of the maze for a mouse running away from a cat, or for a hare that has lagged behind its mother. With a pen or pencil, you need to show the animal the right path.

"Draw a picture." Draw a bouquet of flowers and invite the child to draw a vase for the bouquet, let him put fish in an empty aquarium, and draw a door in the house. The more similar tasks the child completes, the more confidently he will hold a pencil in his hands.

"Drawing by dots". Ask the child to connect the dots together in such a way that a drawing is obtained. If your child has difficulty completing this task, tell him.

"Hatching". Ask your child to do any exercises where you need to shade the drawing. These tasks are required for practicing graphic movements. During execution, make sure that the lines are directed from top to bottom, from left to right.

IMPORTANT: The development of fine motor skills in children is facilitated by modeling, games with mosaics, constructor, beads, finger gymnastics.

When the child learns to confidently hold a pencil in his hands, invite him to trace along the dotted line. You can immediately circle funny children's pictures, then letters or their elements.

Preparing for school: developing tasks for the speech development of children

You can easily and naturally develop speech in a child with the help of fun tasks and exciting games.

"Impromptu". Prepare 5 - 7 cards with situations or actions familiar to the child depicted on them. Lay the cards face down in front of the child. Invite him to choose any card and ask him to come up with a story based on it. To make the child interested, you can involve other family members in the task and arrange a competition for the best story.

"Associations". Show the child a picture that shows some action familiar to him (birds fly south, a woman buys bread, children go to kindergarten, etc.). Ask the child to name the words that he associates with the image in the picture.

Adjective game. Ask the child to form adjectives from the provided words by answering the questions: “what”, “what”, “what”?

• Light (light, light, light)
• home (home, home, home)
• Wood (wood, wood, wood)
• Iron (iron, iron, iron)
• Snow (snowy, snowy, snowy)
• Sand (sandy, sandy, sandy)

Synonyms and antonyms. Ask the child to choose words similar and opposite in meaning to randomly taken adjectives.

Regular speech therapy exercises will help to achieve purity of pronunciation of sounds:

"Angry cat". The child's mouth is open, the tongue rests on the lower teeth, while arching the way a cat arches its back when angry.

"Pencil". Place the pencil in front of the child, at the level of his lips, on any hard flat surface. Ask the child to place the edge of the tongue on the lower lip and in this position blow hard on the pencil. The exercise is considered completed if the pencil rolls.

"Nut". The child rests the tongue on the right cheek, then on the left. At the same time, the mouth is closed, the muscles of the cheeks and tongue are tense.

"Snake". The mouth is open. The child puts forward and hides the tongue so that it does not touch either the lips or the teeth.

"Clock". The lips of the child are parted, smiling. The tip of the tongue touches either the right or the left corners of the lips.

"Toothbrush". Use the tip of your tongue to imitate the actions of a toothbrush. Thus, it is necessary to “clean” the lower and upper teeth, inside and out. It is important that the lower jaw remains motionless.

"Fence". The child shows a “fence” of teeth for 10-15 seconds, smiling as wide as possible for this.

IMPORTANT: If you cannot correct the pronunciation of some sounds on your own, parents should contact a speech therapist.

Home preparation of children for school: educational games

home preparation for school involves systematic activities of parents with the child. It is important to give a preschooler at least a few hours a day, turning everyday activities and ordinary walks together into exciting games. Parents should show imagination, find individual approach to your child, to act according to his interests.

Here are just a few options for joint educational games with a preschooler:

"Give me a number." During the walk, ask the child to call the numbers of houses and passing vehicles indicated on the plates.

"How many trees?" Together, count all the trees that come across your path while walking. You can also count cars passing by, all or a certain color (size, brand).

"Who switched places?" Put in front of the child 8 - 10 soft toys, ask him to look at them carefully, and then turn away. Swap a few toys during this time. When the child turns around, let him try to guess who has changed places.

"Favorite cartoon" Watch your favorite cartoon with your child. Ask questions about its content, ask the child to tell what it is about.

"A Tale for Grandma". Read the story to your child. Ask to tell your grandmother (dad, aunt, sister) what this fairy tale is about, describe the characters, their appearance and character.

Regular modeling, drawing, playing puzzles and mosaics will captivate the child and, at the same time, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

IMPORTANT: Do not rush the child, do not get angry if something does not work out for him right away. Educational games should not only educate the child, but also become entertainment for him.

Home preparation of children for school: developmental exercises

Developmental exercises with preschoolers can be performed not only in a notebook, sitting at desk but also on the street. Lessons on fresh air every child will love and remember for a long time.

"Seasons".

• Take a walk with your child autumn alley. Show the future student the colorful leaves different trees. Tell us about the seasons and the changes in nature that occur with the onset of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Let the child choose several beautiful leaves and keep them at home, between the pages of a thick book. When the leaves are dry, have your child trace them on a piece of paper and color them in.
• AT snowy winter days go out together to feed the sparrows and titmouse. Tell your child about wintering and migratory birds. At home, ask to draw those birds that you liked the most.
• spring Show your child the first blooming flowers. Tell that flowers are field, forest, garden. Ask to perform a sound analysis of the words: “rose”, “snowdrop”, “buttercup”, “forget-me-not”.
• During summer walks Draw your child's attention to rising temperatures outside. Explain what summer and winter clothes are. Let the child name the clothes to wear in summer, autumn, winter and spring. At home, ask your child to draw summer.

"Application of cereals and pasta". Invite your child to make an application using rice, buckwheat, pasta, semolina, peas and other cereals. Such exercises are good for developing fine motor skills. In the work, use PVA glue.

"Snowflakes". Teach your child how to cut snowflakes. On a piece of paper folded 4 and 8 times, ask him to cut out different geometric shapes. Expand the snowflakes and evaluate the result.

Fruits and vegetables from plasticine. Show your child how to easily mold fruits and vegetables from multi-colored plasticine. Immediately the child must roll the ball, and already turn it into the desired fruit or vegetable. The easiest way to make a bunch of grapes, beets or carrots is a little more difficult.

Developing lesson "Seasons"

Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: tasks, games, exercises

The onset of school life implies that the preschool period is over. Children have to quickly adapt to new conditions, get used to the workload, get to know teachers and classmates.

To make the adaptation period as easy as possible, parents and teachers try to prepare the child for the upcoming changes in life. The most successful group games and exercises.

"One Color". Two groups of children need to find the largest number of objects of the same color in 10 seconds. The group that finds the most items wins.

"Magic Circle". Children are offered to trace a circle according to the pattern and draw any geometric shapes in such a way that a drawing is obtained. When everyone copes with the task, the teacher organizes a drawing competition.

"Repeats". In a group of children from 5 to 7 people, a leader is chosen. The leader comes forward and shows the children any position. Children try to copy this pose. The new leader becomes the one who managed to cope with the task better than the others.

"Well no". Instead of answering "yes" or "no" to the questions proposed by the teacher, a group of children clap or stomp. You need to agree in advance with the guys that “yes” means clapping, and “no” means stamping your feet. Questions can be chosen arbitrarily, for example:

• "Flowers grow in the field?" and "Flowers fly in the sky?"
• "Hedgehog carries an apple?" and “Does a hedgehog climb trees?”

"Meow, woof." Children sit on chairs. The leader, with his eyes closed, walks next to the children, then sits on the hands of one of the sitting children and tries to guess who it is. If the presenter guessed correctly, the child says "meow", if he made a mistake - "woof".

IMPORTANT: Such activities and games help to form communication skills in preschoolers, develop confidence in own forces and opportunities, adequate self-esteem, independence.

You can independently determine whether a child is ready to enter school with the help of a few simple tests, the results of which can be trusted.

Test "Draw a school"

Give your child a sketchbook and colored pencils. Ask a future first grader to draw his school. Do not prompt the child, do not help, do not ask leading questions, do not rush. Let him independently draw on paper the school that seems to him.

• plot
• drawing lines
• color spectrum

Plot:

2 points- the school is located in the center of the sheet, the picture also contains decorations and decor, trees, bushes, flowers around the school, students and (or) teachers going to school. At the same time, it is important that the figure depicts the warm season and daylight hours.

0 points- the drawing is asymmetrical (the school building is located close to one of the edges of the sheet), there are no people in the drawing or sad children leaving the school are depicted; outdoors autumn or winter, night or evening.

1 point

Drawing lines:

2 points– lines of objects without breaks, carefully drawn, even and confident, have different thicknesses.

0 points- the lines are fuzzy, weak or careless, the drawing is sketchy; double or broken lines are used.

1 point- the figure contains elements of both characteristics.

Color spectrum:

2 points- the predominance of bright and light colors.

0 points- drawing in gloomy colors.

1 point There are both dark and light colors in the picture.

The sum of the points indicates the readiness of the child for school:

5 to 6- the child is ready for school, he has a favorable attitude towards the learning process, will interact with teachers and classmates.

0 to 1 the child is not ready for school intense fear prevent him from studying normally, communicating with classmates and the teacher.

It will help to determine whether the child is focused on attending school, the educational process, whether he imagines himself a schoolboy in the near future. Nezhenova test.

IMPORTANT: This test should only be administered to children who are already attending preparatory courses at school or who are familiar with the learning process.

For each of the questions presented, there are three possible answers: A, B, C.

BUT- orientation to study, estimated at 2 points

B- orientation to learning is superficial, not completely formed, attracted by the external bright attributes of school life - 1 point

AT- there is no orientation to school and learning, the child prefers extracurricular activities - 0 points

Ask your child the following questions, asking them to choose an answer from three options:

Do you want to go to school?

Ah yes, very

B - I'm not sure, I don't know, I doubt

B - no, I don't want to

Why do you want to go to school, what are you interested in there?

B - I want them to buy me a beautiful briefcase, notebooks and a uniform, I want new textbooks

B - school is fun, there are changes, I will have new friends, I'm tired of kindergarten

How are you getting ready for school?

A - I learn letters, read, write prescriptions, solve examples and problems

B - parents bought a uniform, briefcase or other school attributes

B - I draw, play, sculpt from plasticine

What do you like about school?

A - lessons, classes in the classroom

B - changes, teacher, new desks, type of school and other things that are not directly related to the process of learning and gaining knowledge

B - a lesson in physical education and (or) drawing

If you didn't go to school or kindergarten, what would you do at home?

A - read, wrote letters and numbers, solved problems

B - played constructor and drew

B - took care of a cat (or other pet), walked, helped mom

0 – 4 - the child does not realize that he will go to school, does not show interest in the upcoming education

5 – 8 - there is a superficial interest in the learning process, is initial stage formation of the student's position

9 – 10 - the attitude towards school is positive, the child feels like a schoolboy.

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school: tests

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school is carried out by a psychologist using special tests. Here are some of them:

Test "Yes - No". The psychologist asks the child to answer questions in any way, the main thing is that he does not use the words “Yes” and “No”. The child tries to find the right words, is focused on not breaking the rules, so his answers will be as truthful as possible.

1. Do you want to go to school?
2. Do you love fairy tales?
3. Do you love cartoons?
4. Do you want to stay in the kindergarten?
5. Do you like to play?
6. Do you want to study?
7. Do you love to get sick?
8. You have friends?
9. Do you know what time of year it is?

When evaluating the results, the teacher determines whether the answer satisfies the rules of the task. Answers: “yes” or “no” are not a mistake. One mistake = 1 b. All answers are correct - 0 b.

0 – 2 - attention is well developed

3 -5 - moderately or poorly developed

5 – 10 - poor attention

Definition of motivational readiness. The psychologist asks a series of questions, gives the child time to think and reason, helps, in case of difficulties:

1. State your name and age
2. Name, patronymic and surname of mom and dad
3. Where do you live?
4. Name your family members
5. What are you interested in in your city?
6. What to do if you see a person who has fallen?
7. When do buds and leaves appear on trees?
8. Why is an army needed?
9. How and where do you cross the road? It is right?
10. How do you know if it has rained recently?
11. Why do you need ears and a nose?
12. Do you want to go to school? What will you do there?
13. How many days in a week?
14. How many seasons? Months? name them
15. Your favorite and least favorite professions
16. What do you like to watch on TV?
17. What country do you live in? What other countries do you know?
18. If you broke your knee and bled, what should you do?
19. What utensils do you have in the kitchen?
20. What products do you know?
21. Which animals are domestic and which are wild? What is the difference?
22. What is a day? Night?
23. If you borrowed a toy from a friend and lost it, what would you do?
24. Count from 1 to 10 and back, name the number that comes before 5 and after 8
25. What is greater than 2 or 3?
26. What's cool about school?
27. How do you behave when visiting?
28. Why are children not allowed to play with matches and fire?
29. What does it mean: “Do you like to ride, love to carry sleds”?
30. How are people different from animals?
31. What do they pay money for in the store, on the bus, at the cinema?
32. Who is Gagarin?
33. What will you do if you see the house burning?

When evaluating the results, the child's ability to reason, conduct a conversation is assessed.

"Snake". Test to determine the level of development of fine motor skills. In 30 seconds, the child must draw dots in circles. The more he manages to leave points, the better. One point = 1 point. When calculating points, only those points that fall into the circle are taken into account. Points on the boundary are not counted.

34 or more- excellent development

18 – 33 - above average

12 – 17 - insufficient development

11 and under- low level, unsatisfactory result.

If the psychologist after the tests comes to the conclusion that the child needs to stay in the kindergarten for another year, parents should listen to the opinion of a specialist. Perhaps this year will change a lot in the life of the child, during this time he is aware of his role in school, will show interest in gaining knowledge.

Video: Preparing for school, preparing children for school, preparing a child for school

Preparing a child for entry into grade 1 is not easy. Some parents and grandparents are ready to teach the future first grader all night long. AT last years preparatory courses, which are available at many general education schools, gymnasiums and in special children's centers, have gained great demand. In general, every child (preschooler) must go through the entire preparatory process, consisting of certain stages, only then the preparation for school will be successful.

What should a child know and be able to do before entering school?

Preparing children for school takes a lot of time, so some parents prefer to send their children to private schools. Such institutions recruit groups of pre-school children to learn everything they need under the guidance of professional educators. At the same time, families should also regularly deal with children, because in any case, an individual approach is important. In order for the child to be able to adapt to school subjects without great difficulties, he must:

• know the letters
• be able to read (possible by syllables) small simple texts;
• have writing skills;
• know the seasons, the names of months, days;
• know your last name, first name, patronymic;
• have a good memory to remember 5-7 out of 10 clearly named simple words;
• find similarities and differences between objects;
• be able to subtract and add numbers within the first ten;
• know the basic geometric shapes;
• know 10-12 primary colors, etc.

Methods of preparing children for school

Before you give your child any pre-school assignments, check out a few popular techniques. With their help, the child during the training can acquire all the necessary skills. Teaching methods are usually aimed at developing fine motor skills, logical thinking, obtaining mathematical knowledge, etc. At the same time, taking into account the individual characteristics of the preschooler, it is necessary to engage in his physical training. Known methods of primary education:

• Zaitsev;
• Montessori;
• Nikitins.

Zaitsev's technique

To preschool child at home proved to be successful, pay attention to Zaitsev's methodology, which includes an approach to teaching reading, writing, English and Russian. It involves the use of visual perception of information. The basic principle is to teach the baby everything necessary without harm to health and taking into account individual characteristics. She is able to activate the channels of perception of information, saving time and saving the baby from cramming. Minus: at individual lessons the technique is implemented worse than with group ones.

Montessori Method

Individual program preparation for school, helping to prepare a future first grader, can be organized in accordance with the Montessori methodology. In it, much attention is paid to the development of sensations and fine motor skills of the baby. In the learning process, it is not necessary to use any special aids. Parents should create a complete developmental environment for the baby. The downside is the lack of role-playing and outdoor games in the methodology.

Nikitin's technique

To increase the level of knowledge with the help of homework, check out the Nikitin method. Its main principles are development, which must be creative, free. Classes are held, alternating: intellectual, creative, sports. The sports atmosphere plays a fundamental role in the formation of the baby, so all conditions for this should be created in your home. The technique is creative, with an emphasis on physical development, creativity, but there is a minus - not all children have a desire to learn.

Preparatory classes for school

You need to start working with your baby from an early age. Special attention must be given psychological preparation. At first, the tasks are performed in a playful way, but then they become more complex, but interesting. Basic knowledge children receive, as a rule, in kindergartens. You can achieve great results both at home by inviting a private tutor, and by sending the child to special development centers or preparatory courses at schools.

School preparation courses

Having decided to choose preparatory courses for school, take the choice of a suitable institution thoroughly. Such courses are available both at the schools themselves and in educational centers, i.e. non-profit organizations. Via complex classes, the collective children can adapt to the school system, the lessons. Often in such courses, preschoolers are taught in such a way that they can easily perform the right exercises and correctly answered certain questions. It is much more important that the baby is able to think creatively, independently reason and draw conclusions.

preschool tutor

A tutor for a preschooler is a great option to teach a child to read and write, to prepare him for future interviews at school. Moreover, some teachers additionally teach children English language. Do not forget that a tutor for preparing a child for school must have a pedagogical education and appropriate qualifications. A big plus of tutoring is an individual approach that will help develop attention, reasoning skills, etc. The child will gain deeper knowledge. Cons: it is difficult to find a decent teacher, high cost.

How much does it cost to prepare a child for school

Preparatory courses will increase your child's readiness for admission, especially if you plan to send him to a gymnasium. This is recommended for those children who do not attend kindergarten. Classes in specialized institutions are aimed at mastering the basics of writing and literacy, teaching reading, developing speech and musical skills, etc. Some centers teach chess, foreign languages etc. The cost of training in Moscow:

Free training

Kindergarten teachers must lay the foundations for numeracy, writing, and reading. Parents have a more important task - to teach kids to finish what they started, let it be some examples from mathematics, drawing or something else. To ensure that your child is age-appropriate in terms of development, try to communicate more with him, answering all questions. Pay attention to active games, physical development, teach independence and safety rules.

How to prepare your child for school

To develop memory, logical thinking and other skills at home, read or watch cartoons together, discussing what the child has learned. Be more interested in the opinion of the baby, while asking questions. Try to make homework fun for your preschooler. The advantage of preparing at home is to save money, and the right materials can always be found online. The downside can be quality, because not all parents have a pedagogical education. In addition, classes in the family circle do not always discipline the baby.

Where to start preparing

According to psychologists, the period of 3-4 years is considered the most suitable age to start training a future first-grader. Start teaching your child to read and count in a playful manner, for example, while walking, count the number of houses, cars, etc. with him. Do crafts together, paying attention to the artistic development of the future first grader: draw, create applications, sculpt, collect puzzles. Set up a comfortable desk at home. Pay attention to the motivation of your child, otherwise, learning will progress slowly.

Program

You should not prepare the baby for school in the abstract, try to find requirements, tests, tasks and concrete examples questions. For the development of fine motor skills, a child must string pasta or beads, cut something out of paper, draw with paints, create applications, embroider, knit, etc. To teach your baby everything you need, pay attention to the following lesson plan:

materials

To teach your child everything that is needed when entering school, use special visual materials. You can find them in large numbers on thematic web resources. For the development of logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination, there are many educational games that require multi-colored cardboard. For example, for learning to read and write, you need a picture book: select any letter, say it several times and invite your child to circle it with a pencil all over the page. More details can be found in teaching aids.

Games to prepare for school preschoolers

Educational games will help future preschoolers to consolidate knowledge of the alphabet, learn how to compose words, write and read. In addition, such activities contribute to the development of attention and concentration. Moreover, a preschool child is often distracted and cannot concentrate on one type of activity for a long time. Games that will help in the development of the baby:

• Title: Book Detective.
• Purpose: to develop the speed of thinking, to teach to correlate letters with specific pictures.
• Material: book with illustrations.
• Description: give the task to the kid to find a picture in the book for a certain letter. If several children participate in the game, then introduce an element of competition, i.e. The winner is the one who finds the most pictures.

Here's another good option:

• Title: Illustrator.
• Purpose: to teach how to handle a book, develop logic, imagination.
• Material: several books.
• Description: read to your child short story or a verse, and then invite him to pick up drawings for him from other books. Then ask to retell short story read based on the selected pictures.

Developing classes

As a developmental exercise, you can use any labyrinths where some character needs help to get to the exit or get somewhere. There are many games that help improve concentration and increase its volume. Some exercises contribute to the development and arbitrariness of attention. A good version of the developing game:

• Title: "Flowers in the flower bed"
• Material: multi-colored cardboard.
• Description: cut out of cardboard three flowers in blue, orange, red and three flower beds rectangular, square, round shape. Let the child distribute the colors in the flower beds based on the story - red flowers did not grow in a square or round flower bed, orange ones did not grow in a rectangular or round one.

Another game that is great for developing a variety of skills in preschoolers:

• Title: How are they similar and how are they different?
• Goal: develop logical thinking.
• Description: offer the children two items each, which they should compare and point out their differences, similarities.

How to mentally prepare your child for school

The personal and social readiness of a preschooler lies in the fact that by the time of admission, he must be fully prepared both for communication and interaction with peers and adults. For psychological preparation to be really successful, give the child the opportunity to independently establish contacts with others on the playground.

The so-called "home children" are often afraid of large crowds, although not all adults feel comfortable in the crowd. At the same time, one should not forget that the future first grader will have to be in a team, so try to get out on public events. Motivate the baby - if he is used to constant praise at home, then evaluate not every step, but the finished result.

Video

Tasks for preparing for school include the best cognitive express methods. Teaching material is developed, depending on the individual characteristics of future students. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, preparing a child for school means the formation of a successful personality, independent and self-confident. Currently, there are many interactive, electronic methods with a description. Children can prepare for them at home under the strict guidance of their parents and completely free of charge.

How to prepare for school: rules and requirements

preschool milestone in the life of every child, but not all parents understand why this is necessary and where to start.

Classes are required so that the child is mentally, emotionally and psychologically adapted to a new stage in his life.

Tasks for preparatory groups will help to study successfully, develop the physical and intellectual skills of the child, help with admission to school at an interview with teachers.

There are certain requirements that a first grader should know and be able to:

• Full name (own and parents), address of residence, city;
• place of work of parents;
• holidays;
• professions;
• distinguish between vegetables and fruits, edible from inedible;
• seasons and the number of months in it, days of the week;
• famous poets and musicians;
• Traffic Laws;
• distinguish colors;
• letters, numbers;
• read syllables and complete sentences;
• write in a notebook;
• count from 0 to 10 and vice versa;
• recite verses with expression by heart;
• retell what they read and heard;
• solve riddles;
• invent and tell a story;
• write a story based on the given picture;
• answer questions clearly.

Even though first grade education includes a lot of things from the list, the entrance test/interview pays attention to these points.

Developing classes

There are currently many developing preparatory classes and courses. Each task is prepared individually, based on the abilities and skills of the preschooler. There are notes that indicate how best to present the material to the child. A variety of methods includes tasks for both kids who are not yet 4 years old, and for children from 6 years old. Classes allow the child to easily complete the first grade and successfully move to the 2nd. Preparatory courses include most school curriculum first-graders.

Grammar

Studying the Russian language, the child will learn how to correctly decline words, select prepositions for nouns. Learning to read and write will help you master your oral and written skills.

• Task with the letter K. Color in those pictures in the photo where there is a specified sound.

  

• Circle the pictures whose names begin with a vowel sound.

  

• Color the vowels in red, the consonants in black.

  

• Match objects with the sounds their names begin with.

  

  

  

  

• Suggest a word. Continue the expression: "Our Tanya is crying loudly, she dropped it into the river ... (ball)." “The hostess abandoned the bunny, remained in the rain ... (bunny).”
• Guess the item from the description. "Fluffy, cold, white, creaks underfoot in winter ... (snow)." “Yellow, shines brightly in the sky during the day ... (sun)”. "High, grows in the forest, it has a lot of branches ... (tree)."
• Name the first sound in the word, indicate whether it is a vowel or a consonant: k-potato, a-orange, s-table, t-phone, y-snail.
• Name the child any word and ask: what is the first sound, is it a vowel or a consonant, what letter does the word end with. Then the child himself continues to name words, the beginning of which will correspond to the last sound. Tree-Island-Bucket-Hoop-Kettle and so on.
• Connect objects with an identical number of sounds in a word with lines.

  

Writing skills

Mastering elementary graphic and technical skills.

Entertaining tasks at home:

• Outline the letters.

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

• Draw shapes like in the picture.

  

• Move the figure to a new location.

  

• Draw a house.

  

• Name the animals in the picture, color them in different colors.

  

• Copy drawing.

  

• Draw a boat.

  

• Circle the objects along the dotted lines.

  

Mathematics

Mathematical simulators teach to think logically, form a quick reaction and cognitive interest, help to quickly prepare six-year-olds for grade 1.

Logic tasks

Classes will help the child learn to reason, build logical chains, sequence, develop curiosity and inquisitiveness of the mind.

• What happens if you put the numbers in order.

  

• Find and color identical chickens.

  

• Find a pattern and draw the shapes.

  

• Connect objects in pairs with lines.

  

• Color the same figures in the same color. Count how many of them.

  

• Puzzle.

  

• Find who is hiding in the picture.

  

• Find an extra item in the picture, tell why.

  

• From which fairy tales pictures, color the characters.

  

Speech development

By regularly exercising, the younger student learns to convey thoughts and emotions. As a result, speech becomes richer, vocabulary increases.

• Describe any situation, talk about emotions, express feelings.
• Find similar or opposite words for any adjectives (cold - frosty, hot).
• Read the words aloud.
• Tell a story by looking at pictures from your favorite books.

For the development of correct diction, it is useful to regularly carry out gymnastics, including exercises:

• The child rests the tongue on the left, then the right cheek, while the mouth is closed.
• The baby's mouth is open, the tongue is arched and rests on the lower teeth.
• The child smiles with his mouth open, the tip of the tongue rests on the left and right side of the mouth alternately.
• Imagine that the tip of the tongue is Toothbrush, "clean" the teeth of the upper and lower jaws, the latter remains motionless.
• The child smiles as widely as possible for 7-10 seconds, showing his teeth.

Reading

Reading develops interest in letters, signs, literacy, increases vocabulary.

• Find a familiar word in the text offered to the child in 2 minutes.
• Read by increasing/decreasing the volume of speech.
• Read the text "to yourself", tell what it is about.
• In one minute, the child is asked to write as many vowels/consonants as possible.
• Read the text and answer the prepared questions.
• Teach your child to read without paying attention to extraneous sounds, for example, you can turn on the TV.
• Read letters of different sizes.
• Reading short texts without opening your teeth. Retelling what has been read.
• Reading at speed.
• Daily review of reading.

Painting

Drawing will help to satisfy creative curiosity, develop imagination.

The world

Classes develop sensory skills, introduce the baby to nature, help to study the environment.

Attention exercises

The development of attention contributes to the speed of reaction, concentration, perseverance, switchability.

On thinking and memory.

Classes develop perseverance, attention in the lesson, the ability to think logically, perceive and assimilate information.

For fine motor skills

The development of fine motor skills of the future first-grader is coordinated by the nervous, skeletal and muscular systems. As a result of classes, dexterity of movements, writing skills are acquired.

• An adult with his palms easily massages the child's fingers with the saying "Magpie-Crow".
• The game of "Okay".
• Turning the pages of a book or magazine.
• Finger picking beads.
• Folding towers from cubes, dominoes, cards.
• Drawing on the sand.
• The child is invited to take a pea out of a jar with an easy-to-open lid, then repeat the manipulations.
• Zip up and unzip clothing, lace up and unlace shoes.
• Modeling from plasticine, clay, dough.
• Cutting out pictures, cards from a magazine.

Graphic dictation - drawings by cells

An educational game that prepares the hands of a preschooler for writing, forms spatial thinking, teaches you to navigate according to the size of a sheet of paper. Often used in preparatory courses for elementary school.

There is no need to scold the child if the drawing does not immediately turn out, calmly suggest and continue on.

It is important to follow correct fit at the desk, sufficient lighting, the position of the hand, how the baby holds the pen.

Having received the result, rejoice with the child for his hard work. Graphic dictations are accompanied by tongue twisters, riddles, develop fine motor skills and thinking.

To complete the dictation, you need to have a notebook in a cage, a pencil and an eraser. The duration of the lesson for children under 5-6 years old should not be more than 15 minutes, from 7-8 years old up to 25 minutes. At the beginning, speak with the child the concepts of up / down, right / left.

Graphic dictation is performed in one of the following ways:

• The preschooler is invited to draw a geometric pattern in a notebook in a box.
• An adult pronounces a sequence of actions, indicates the direction (2 cells to the left, 4 up, 1 to the right, 2 down, and so on). The child perceives information by ear and draws. At the end of the dictation, the image in the manual is compared with what the child got.

Through the game, the child learns to perceive the world, develops thinking, logic, memory, attention, the child's psyche is strengthened. It should be fun, relaxed, interesting. Currently, there are free educational online games that a child will play with interest.

At home, several options for learning programs can help you learn the basics by playing:

• "Magic wand". A magic wand is called, for example, a felt-tip pen. Rubbing it about woolen fabric or hair, show how static electricity works (bring it to a wrapper, a piece of paper, a stream of water). Let the child decide for himself what magic words need to be said in order for the "trick" to work.
• Cut out images of animals, stick them on a piece of paper and invite the child to draw what each of them eats. A hare is a carrot, a cow is hay, and so on.
• Talk to your child about who he sees while walking in the yard. Cut out familiar pictures from magazines of what reminds you of a walk (grandparents, swing, sandbox). Paste illustrations onto paper.
• Make a toy forest with your child. To do this, stock up on twigs, leaves, sawdust and paint.
• Teach polite words, greetings and goodbyes. Toys are suitable for this, let the child, playing a character in a suitable situation, say “ good morning», « Good night”,“ see you soon ”and more.

Psychological preparation: tests

In order to determine the level of psychological preparation for school, it is enough to perform special tests.

Test 1

Ask the child to draw on a sheet of paper the school in which he will study, as he sees it. To complete the task, you will need a sheet of paper and colored pencils. The drawing is evaluated by color scheme, plot and lines, while scores are given.

Results in points:

• 2 - the warm season, the sun is shining, the school is located in the center of the sheet, there are joyful people around, beautiful flowers, trees;
• 0 - the school is located closer to the edge, people are sad, it is dark, the cold season;
• 1 - the figure shows the elements of both characteristics;
• 2 - lines are even without breaks;
• 0 - fuzzy, weak, double, with breaks;
• 1 - elements of both characteristics;
• 2 - bright, light colors;
• 0 - gloomy colors;
• 1 - dark and light colors.

After adding up the points, they check whether the child is ready for school:

• 0-1 - the child is not ready for school, there will be obstacles in communicating with teachers, peers.
• 2-4 - the child does not quite clearly understand what a school is, fears may arise that interfere with learning. Parents need to talk to the baby, find out the reason for the fear and describe the learning in a positive way.
• 5-6 - the child is completely ready for school, do not worry about interacting with teachers and peers.

Test 2

The child is given 30 seconds to put dots in circles: 1 dot - 1 point. The more points, the higher the score (only those that are included in the circle are considered).

Result:

• less than 11 - low result:
• 12-17- development needs more attention;
• 18-33 - average score;
• 34 and above - excellent development, the result is excellent.