1. The child speaks fluently in sentences and understands the meaning of what is said.
2. The child distinguishes sounds (what speech therapists call developed phonemic awareness). Simply put, the baby will easily understand by ear where house and onion, And where - volume and Luke.
3. Your child pronounces all the sounds and has no speech problems.
4. The child understands directions: left-right, top-bottom. Let's omit the point that adults often confuse right and left. For learning to read, it is important that the baby can follow the text from left to right and from top to bottom.

8 tips to help your child learn to read

Set an example

In a family where there is a culture and tradition of reading, children themselves will be drawn to books. Read not because it is necessary and useful, but because it is a pleasure for you.

Read together and discuss

You read aloud, and then look at the picture together, encouraging the child to interact with the book: “Who is this drawn? Can you show me the cat's ears? And who is this standing next to her? Older children can be asked more difficult questions: “Why did he do this? What do you think will happen next?"

Go from simple to complex

Start with sounds, then move on to syllables. Let the words consisting of repeated syllables be the first: ma-ma, pa-pa, da-da, nya-nya. After them, move on to more complex combinations: ko-t, zhu-k, do-m.

Show that letters are everywhere

Play a game. Let the child find the letters that surround him on the street and at home. These are the names of stores, and memos on information stands, and even traffic light messages: it happens that the inscription “Go” lights up on green, and “Wait so many seconds” on red.

play

And play again. Stack blocks with letters and syllables, make up words, ask your child to read you some kind of sign or inscription on the packaging in the store.

Take every opportunity to exercise

Whether you are sitting in line at the clinic or driving somewhere, get a book with pictures and short stories to them and invite your child to read together.

Build Success

Repeat familiar texts, look for already known heroes in new stories. The runaway bunny is found in both "Teremka" and "Kolobok".

Don't force

This is perhaps the most important. Don't take away a child's childhood. Learning should not go through tears.

6 time-tested techniques

ABCs and primers

katarina_rosh/livejournal.com

Traditional, but the longest way. The difference between these books is that the alphabet fixes each letter with a mnemonic picture: on a page with B a drum will be drawn, and next to YU- Yula. The alphabet helps to remember letters and - often - interesting rhymes, but will not teach you how to read.

The primer consistently teaches the child to combine sounds into syllables, and syllables into words. This process is not easy and requires perseverance.

Parents agree that one of the most understandable methods for teaching preschoolers is Nadezhda Zhukova's primer. The author simply explains the most difficult thing for a child: how to turn letters into syllables, how to read mother rather than start naming individual letters me-a-me-a.

toyskinadom.com

If, when learning from an ABC book, a child consistently masters letters and syllables, then in 52 Zaitsev cubes he is given access to everything at once: a single letter or combinations of a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a hard or soft sign.

The child effortlessly learns the differences between voiceless and voiced sounds, because the cubes with voiceless consonants are filled with wood, and the cubes with voiced ones are filled with metal.

The cubes also differ in size. The large ones depict hard warehouses, the small ones - soft ones. The author of the technique explains this by the fact that when we pronounce on the(hard warehouse), mouth opens wide, neither(soft warehouse) - lips in a half smile.

The set includes tables with warehouses that the parent sings (yes, he doesn’t speak, but sings) to his child.

The child quickly masters warehouse reading with the help of cubes, but may begin to swallow the endings and will face difficulties already at school when parsing a word by composition.

Folders and Towers by Vyacheslav Voskobovich

toyskinadom.com

In Skladushki, Vyacheslav Voskobovich reworked Zaitsev's idea: 21 cards show all the warehouses of the Russian language with nice thematic pictures. Included is a CD with songs, the texts of which go under each picture.

Folders are good for kids who love looking at pictures. Each of them is an occasion to discuss with the child where the kitten is, what the puppy is doing, where the beetle flew.

You can teach your child using these cards already from three years. At the same time, it should be noted that the author of the methodology himself does not consider it necessary Vyacheslav Voskobovich: “How to keep a child in yourself? Play!" boost early development.

toyskinadom.com

"Teremki" by Voskobovich consist of 12 wooden cubes with consonants and 12 cardboard cubes with vowels. First, the child gets acquainted with the alphabet and tries with the help of parents to come up with words that begin with each of the letters.

Then it's time to learn the syllables. In a teremok with a letter M invested BUT- and the first syllable is obtained ma. From several towers you can lay out words. Learning is based on play. So, when replacing a vowel house will turn into smoke.

You can start playing towers from the age of two. At the same time, parents will not be left alone with the cubes: the kit includes a manual with detailed description methods and games.

umnitsa.ru

Evgeny Chaplygin's manual includes 10 cubes and 10 moving blocks. Each dynamic block consists of a pair - a consonant and a vowel. The task of the child is to twist the cubes and find a pair.

On the initial stage, as with any other method of learning to read in warehouses, the child makes up the simplest words from repeating syllables: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba. The involved motor skills help to quickly remember the shape of the letters, and the search for already familiar syllables turns into an exciting game. The cubes are accompanied by a manual describing the methodology and words that can be composed.

The optimal age for classes is 4-5 years. You can start earlier, but only in the game format.

steshka.ru

American doctor Glenn Doman suggests teaching children not individual letters or even syllables, but whole words. Parents call and show the child the words on the cards for 1-2 seconds. In this case, the baby is not required to repeat what he heard.

Classes start with 15 cards with the most simple concepts like mothers and dads. Gradually, the number of words increases, those already learned leave the set, and the child begins to study phrases: for example, color + object, size + object.

How to understand that the child understood and remembered the visual image of the word, if the author of the methodology recommends starting classes from birth? Worth paying attention to important detail, which parents miss in an attempt to make the child the smartest, most developed, the most-most.

Glenn Doman in "The Harmonious Development of the Child" strongly emphasizes that it is not necessary to arrange tests and checks for the child: kids do not like this and lose interest in classes.

Better to remember 50 cards out of 100 than 10 out of 10.

Glenn Doman

But considering that parents will not be able not to check, he advises, if the child is willing and willing, to play the game. For example, you can put a few cards and ask to bring one or point to it.

Today psychologists, neurophysiologists Steven Novella, MD, "Psychomotor Patterning" and pediatricians American Academy of Pediatrics "The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children" agree that the Doman method is not aimed at teaching reading, but at mechanical memorization of visual images of words. The child turns out to be an object of learning and is almost deprived of the opportunity to learn something on his own.

It is also worth adding: in order to proceed to the Doman reading stage, parents need to prepare cards with all (!) Words that are found in a particular book.

howwemontessori.com

Montessori reading comes from the opposite: first we write and only then we read. Letters are the same pictures, so you first need to learn how to draw them and only then engage in pronunciation and reading. Children begin by tracing and shading the letters, and through this, they memorize their outline. When several vowels and consonants have been studied, they move on to the first simple words.

Much attention is paid to the tactile component, so children can literally touch the alphabet, cut out of rough or velvety paper.

The value of the technique lies in learning through play. So, you can put a rough letter and a plate of semolina in front of the child and offer to first circle the sign with your finger, and then repeat this on the semolina.

The difficulty for parents is the purchase or preparation of a significant amount of handouts.

conclusions

On the Internet and on posters advertising "developers", you will be offered cutting-edge methods for teaching a child to read at three, two years old, or even from birth. But let's be realistic: a happy mother is needed a year, not developmental activities.

The myth that it’s too late after three is firmly planted in the minds and hearts of tired parents and is actively fueled by marketers.

The authors of the methods all insist that the most natural process of learning for a child is through play, and not through classes in which the parent plays the role of a strict controller. Your main assistant in learning is the curiosity of the child himself.

Some children will study for six months and start reading at three, others have to wait a couple of years to learn in just a month. Focus on the interests of the child. If he likes books and pictures, then primers and Folders will come to the rescue. If he is a fidget, then cubes and the Montessori system will help.

In learning to read, everything is simple and difficult at the same time. If your child often sees you with a book, you have a tradition of reading before bed, your chances will increase significantly.

• Does your kid absolutely not want to look at the letters in the alphabet?
• The child will soon go to first grade, and you can force him to read only under the fear of "weaning" from the computer?
• Do not know how to organize classes with a preschooler in such a way as to save your nerves and not completely discourage him from reading?

These and other problems in teaching preschoolers to read can be solved by organizing classes in a playful way. For preschool children, the game is the leading form of activity. Therefore, engage with a preschooler by playing different games, is the simplest and effective method teach him to read.

Before we talk about what games are best to play with a child when learning to read, we will give some general tips for organizing classes.

1. Practice regularly! Keep the classes short (5-10 minutes), but daily. This is much more effective for preschoolers than 45-minute lessons once a week.
2. Get busy everywhere. To learn to read, you do not have to sit the child at the table with books. You can learn letters in the park on a walk, drawing them with chalk on the pavement or looking at signs, helping your mother make cookies in the shape of letters, or studying the numbers of cars in the parking lot, etc.
3. Practice when your child feels good: he has had enough sleep, is active and ready for new games and activities.
4. Constantly create situations of success for your child, praise him more often, focus his attention on what he did, do not dwell on failures. Classes should be fun for the child!

And yet, what you definitely need to know when starting to learn to read - in an article on.

What games can be played on different stages teaching preschoolers to read?

1. Learning letters.

If the child does not memorize letters, The best way to learn them is to “revive” them, to create a vivid association with each letter. You and your child can come up with what this or that letter looks like, or use a variety of materials from the Internet and modern alphabets.

For example, bright images of letters that are memorable for children can be found in Elena Bakhtina's primer (this book contains not only colorful pictures and recommendations on how to tell a child about each letter, but also colored templates - letters from this primer can be cut out and played with) .

On the Internet for children, you can find a lot of coloring pages with letters similar to a particular object.

It is also useful in the process of learning letters to repeat short verses that help memorize each letter:

You see the tail at the end
So this is the letter C.

The letter B is like a hippopotamus -
She has a big belly!

G looks like a goose -
The whole letter is bent.

D - a tall house with a roof!
We live in this house.

And the poor thing is the letter Y
Walks with a stick, alas!

In my work, I use various “reminders” that children associate with a particular letter. You can actively use them in home lessons or come up with your own.

It is very useful to have a special notebook or album in which the learned letter will “live” on each spread. In this album, you can also teach your child to write, stick pictures with him with words on the desired letter, put poems and coloring books, creating a selection of materials for each letter. Children are very interested in the process of joint creativity, so actively involve them in creating such an album.

Another option is to make a house for the letters. Choose any size: it can be very small, made from a couple of cardboard sheets, or huge, as high as a child. The main thing in it is special windows-pockets for letters. Set up a letter with your child in each “apartment” of the letter building. To do this, you will need cardboard letters, slightly smaller than each window. Mark in any way which apartments already have “residents”, and which are still empty.

Attach the already learned letters outside on the windows (using paper clips) and invite the child to arrange pictures with words into the studied letters in the windows. For example, “treat” the letters: give the child images of products that he must spread to the necessary “apartments”: put a watermelon / apricot in the box with the letter A, a long loaf, an eggplant in the box with the letter B, waffles \ grapes - with the letter C and etc.

Similarly, you can visit letters with fairy-tale characters (Pinocchio - to the letter B, Thumbelina - to the letter D, Mowgli - to the letter M, etc.), “put on” the letters (attribute the T-shirt to the letter F, jeans to the letter D, pants - the letter W, etc.).

The main goal in this game is to teach the child to identify the first letter in a word and easily recognize the letters already passed.

Various lottos and dominoes are also great for learning letters. Lotto is better to use without hint pictures, so learning will be much more effective. Such a loto can easily be done by yourself. To do this, prepare sheets with 6-8 pictures on each and cardboard cards with the necessary letters. Let the child draw cards, read the letters and show which of the players has a picture for the letter that has fallen out.

2. We add syllables.

Teaching a child to add syllables can take a little longer than learning letters. The child will have to repeat various syllables many, many times before he masters this skill. So that learning is not a burden for him, but a joy - we continue to play with him. Only now we play games with syllables. The main task of this stage is to teach the child to pronounce two letters together.

In addition to the syllabic bingo, which can be done in the same way as the letter bingo, you can use other homemade games for kids to teach them how to add syllables.

- Adventure games ("tracks").

"Walkers" were and remain one of the most exciting games for kids. To make such a game with syllables, take the playing field from any board game. Write in the empty cells / circles various syllables (write in more than those that are difficult for the child). Then play according to the usual rules: roll the die and go through the cells, reading what is written on them. So the child will be able to read long enough tracks with syllables that he would “overcome” in an ordinary primer with great difficulty.

By analogy with rpg games, you can make various tracks with syllables, on which various vehicles: who without errors and as soon as possible will pass the track. To do this, you will need cardboard / drawing paper, on which the track with syllables will be drawn, and toy cars / trucks / trains / airplanes. Remember that it is very easy to captivate children by adding a competitive moment in the classroom.

- Games "Shop" and "Mail".

Prepare coins - circles with written syllables, as well as goods - pictures with products / things that begin with these syllables. You first play as a seller: offer your child to buy something from you on the condition that he will offer the correct coin for the selected product (for example, he can buy cabbage for a coin with the syllable KA, kiwi - for a coin with the syllable KI, corn - for a coin with the syllable KU, etc.).

Then you can switch roles: you are the buyer, the child is the seller. He must carefully monitor whether you are giving coins correctly for the selected product. Make mistakes sometimes, let the child correct you. The buyer can also be any toy, invite the child to teach her to correctly name coins with syllables.

A very similar game is "Mail", but instead of coins you prepare envelopes with syllables, and instead of goods - pictures with animals or fairy-tale characters. The child will be a postman, he must guess from the first syllable written on the envelope - to whom the letter needs to be delivered. In this game, it is best to read syllables that begin with the same consonant so that the child does not guess the addressee by the first letter.

- Houses with syllables.

Draw several houses, write one syllable on each. Lay out the houses in front of the child. Then take a few figurines of little men and, naming the name of each of them, invite the child to guess who lives in what house (Vasya needs to be settled in a house with the syllable VA, Natasha - with the syllable HA, Lisa - with the syllable LI, etc.) .

Another version of this task: let the child himself come up with names for the little men, settle them in houses and write the first syllable of the name on each of them.

Prepare cardboard cards with syllables, cut them into two equal halves horizontally. The child must put these “puzzles” together and name the resulting syllables.

Take some cards with two-syllable words (for example, FEATHER, VASE, CLOCK, FISH). To the left of the picture, put the first syllable of the word. You need to read it clearly, and the child must choose the correct last syllable. 3-4 possible endings are laid out in front of the child.

More games for learning to read by syllables - in the article on.

3. We read words and sentences.

Learning to read words (and then sentences) involves the already active work of preschoolers with books, but this does not mean that we stop playing in the classroom. On the contrary, “dilute” learning with games as often as possible, switch from one type of activity to another so that the child is less tired and learning is more efficient. Remember: it is not enough to teach a child to read, it is important to instill in him a love of reading.
What games can be offered to parents of preschoolers at this stage of learning to read.

Lay out a path of words in front of the child. Invite him to choose only "edible" words (or something that happens to be green / something that has round shape/ only "live" words, etc.). If the path is long, you can read the words in turn with the child.

Spread the cut out traces with words around the room (you can use ordinary sheets). Invite the child to follow these tracks from one end of the room to the other: you can move on only by reading the word on which you are standing. The child walks on them himself or with his favorite toy.

- The game "Airport" or "Parking".

In this game we train mindfulness of preschoolers. Prepare some flashcards similar words so that the child does not guess the words, but carefully read them to the end (for example, MOUTH, HORN, GROWTH, HORN, ROSE, ROTA, ROSA). Spread the cards around the room. These will be different airports/parking spaces. The child picks up an airplane (if you play at airports) or a car (if you have parking), after which you loudly and clearly name where exactly he needs to land / park.

- Chains of words in which only one letter changes.

Prepare sheets of paper or an easel. Start writing a chain of words one at a time - for each subsequent word, change only one letter, this will train the child for attentive, “tenacious” reading.

Examples of such chains:

• KIT - CAT - MOUTH - ROS - NOSE - NOS - DOG.
• BOARD - DAUGHTER - NIGHT - KIDNEY - KIDNEYS - BARREL - BARREL - BUMP.

Ball games, with favorite toys, to school, hospital or Kindergarten- Include all of this in the process of learning to read. Come up with active games yourself. Consider what the child is interested in and use this when you sit down to read with your child. Does your daughter love princesses? Ride the carriage along the paths with letters/syllables/words. Does your son love superheroes? Make a tutorial track for his favorite character. Invite your child to play school and teach his teddy bear to make two letters into a syllable.

Change games, carefully follow what the child likes and what he quickly gets tired of, and then learning will be a joy to you and him! Remember that it is not difficult to get preschoolers interested, they love to play and will be happy to help you come up with new games in the learning process.

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova

Learning to read is an exciting process. Mastering this important skill at the age of 5-6 years will greatly facilitate the assimilation of lessons at school, and the adaptive period will make it easier.

However, reading is also a very difficult step. For this, the psychological readiness of the child for learning is important. After all, we need not only to teach him to read, but also to instill a love of reading and literature. How to teach a child to read? The main thing is the desire of the parents and the readiness of the baby! And everything will work out!

Signs of a child's readiness for the learning process

Of course, you can start studying with a three-year-old, trying to grow a child prodigy. Everything is individual! But still, psychologists recommend paying attention to some signs that will tell you that the baby is ready to learn the basics of science - reading. There are a lot of such signs, and here are just a few:

• The child has a fairly developed, understandable speech;
• He has an extensive vocabulary, in speech there should be complex sentences;
• The child should be able to retell what he was told in the kindergarten, at home. The story should be clear and structured;
• The child's spatial and temporal orientation. Also understanding the cardinal points;
• No speech impediments. That is, it is too early to start reading if the child cannot pronounce some sounds and letters. But, again, this requires a very individual approach!

If the crumbs have all these signs, then parents can already think about the task of mastering reading. Today, educators and scientists have developed many ways to teach this skill. Reading teaching methods are diverse and each parent and teacher will be able to choose the most suitable for them. Today we will consider the most common and popular.

Zaitsev's cubes and why do children like them so much?

Zaitsev's technique on this moment, even after a decent time after its first appearance, it still remains one of the most popular methods for teaching children to read.

Teacher N.A. Zaitsev from St. Petersburg. He came up with the idea of ​​placing frequently pronounced spellings of letters in a table, and then dividing them into cubes.

What is the feature of the method? All learning takes place in the form of a game, and in the game the child remembers better, as he is carried away and fully involved in the process. By the way, many teachers note that this method is very suitable for left-handed children. This is justified by the fact that such children better remember and perceive the whole word, and not individual letters.

There is, however, a minus in the methodology, which, according to defectologists, is very significant. Children who were taught according to the Zaitsev method, having learned the letters and starting to read, often "swallow" the end of a word or phrase, then they cannot begin to disassemble the word by composition, since they initially perceive the word as a whole, not being able to disassemble it into parts.

There are enough mistakes, or rather shortcomings in the created methodology. So, for example, on the cubes there are combinations of letters, such as "BE", "GE" and so on. The child gets used to such "combinations" of letters, although they are applicable in rather rare cases.

Yes, and there are other flaws - the differences between reading and writing. If in a letter we use the combination "FE" in the words "coffee", "cafe", then we pronounce: "KAFE", and so on. There are many examples of such inconsistencies.

What is remarkable today is a set of Zaitsev's cubes that everyone can do on their own, and make them according to their needs and any size. So the cubes will fit not only in roomy school backpacks for teenagers, but also in small funny backpacks for preschoolers.

We read in syllables - easily and naturally. The most famous method is syllabic reading.

Syllabic reading is a technique used today in almost every preschool and primary school institution. By the age of five, a child can completely remember the alphabet and even learn to read, if you help him in these difficult matters consistently and slowly. By the way, the syllabic technique is just perfect for this age.

At first, the baby with parents or caregivers gets acquainted with the letters, learns to name them correctly, pronounce them, and then combine these letters with others, combining them into syllables. The syllables, in turn, then form words. But each stage of this training is done gradually.

For classes, you will need cards with letters, preferably large, on a white background. By the way, you can make such cards yourself.

Take thick cardboard, it's better white color. Felt pen or red marker. And make a markup for each card on the cardboard. Let them be 5 by 5 centimeters, so it will be convenient for the baby to hold them, and then it will be easy for you to collect them. On each card, write one large letter on one side, paint over it. Be sure to write in block type. Make a whole alphabet in this way, and best of all, not one, but several sets of cards, so that later you can compose both syllables and words.

You can also buy a primer - it will obviously not be superfluous, besides, it will come in handy later at school. The very first textbook for your crumbs should be chosen very carefully. Consider everything - the font, the presence of illustrations, make sure that there are not too many of them on one page, as very bright and large drawings can distract the attention of a small student. The absence of pictures can also negatively affect the results of the study - the baby will simply not be interested in studying.

It is best to start acquaintance with letters with open vowels. This is A, E, U, S. Then you can include several voiced consonants in the study. The first to be remembered are M and L. The letter “M” is remembered quickly, since the most frequently spoken word “mother” begins with this letter. The kid begins to read just these syllables “ma-ma”, and then he also begins to write, and of course, the letters and syllables of his name.

After consonants and vowels, you can begin to study hissing: Ch, Sh, P, X, and so on.

Another advice, more psychological - do not rush. Everything has its time. A child will learn to read by all means, but when at 4, at 3 or even at 6 years old it doesn’t matter. After all, if you admit to yourself, many just want to brag about the achievements of the children, and from that they are working with them more and more diligently, trying to give them as much information as possible.

It is best to start each new lesson in the study of letters by reviewing past lessons. Let the kid name those letters that he knows, together name the words for these letters. Try to call every new day different words, so you end up with a developed vocabulary and a great imagination, and memory.

Have you learned all the letters? Are you confused? Do not stumble? Excellent! You are great - now is the time to start the syllabic reading itself. Name one letter, explain that they can be connected, and read the whole syllable together.

A little later there will be a whole article on games in syllabic reading.

Learning by playing

Game learning to read is perhaps the most enjoyable and most accessible method for children. The name itself speaks for itself - the child actively learns knowledge, while doing what he loves to do.

Take, for example, such simple game. Here is a letter in front of the baby - it can be drawn, made of paper, sewn from fabric, even molded from plasticine (another plus is the development of fine motor skills), and here is the second - and they catch up with each other.

According to this deep-playing and fabulous principle, my manual for the study of the letters "Bukvograd" is also built. If you are not familiar with it yet, then start acquaintance with.

You can play "search for lost letters" who get lost and cannot find their way home. How to help them? Name correctly. The letter "A" will be read and "go home", and so on. Involve your child in this simple game - look for the right letters in television programs, picture books, on the street in store signs, and so on ... There are a lot of options.

You can make a letter maze at home. Take cardboard and make cards of the same color and size, write letters on them. Let the vowels be red and the consonants blue. This will make it easier for your child to remember. And now make a hole in each card and pull a thread through this hole at different distances. Spread the thread with the letters strung on it around the apartment. And let the child find the beginning of this thread, and move forward along it, naming each encountered letter. Both interesting and simple!

On the one hand, there seems to be only one plus from this technique - after all, it’s good for the child, it’s not boring, and it’s easy for mom and dad - the games are simple, and the skills gained with their help are very valuable. But there are still downsides. Namely, any lesson can become a game ... That is, the child will only get used to playing, and when real serious classes begin, he will perceive them incorrectly. Therefore, you should immediately prioritize, because your goal is not only to play, but also to teach reading, the ability to focus attention, and be assiduous.

After you master the letters in the game, in the same way you can take up syllables, and then reading simple words. More important point! No matter how interesting your game is, always pronounce readable letters, syllables and words correctly. No need to distort the correct stress, watch yourself and your child. The game method of teaching reading by syllables involves a funny presentation of information, entertaining lessons, but not lisping and inventing stupid diminutive words.

The method of teaching reading by Glen Doman

Popular among modern parents is the teaching method according to Glen Doman. According to it, you need to start practicing with the heir or heiress right from infancy. The method is based on showing cards with different images. It can be letters, numbers, animals, plants and more. It depends on what you want to teach the baby.

As for reading, Doman has his own guesses and statements: the child first needs to memorize the first few dozen words. Mom just shows the picture on the card for a few seconds. There may be many such cards, or there may be few. in general, the technique advises to quickly change pictures.

This technique has a positive effect on the breadth of horizons. Thanks to Doman, literally from the cradle, children begin to master and “study” the surrounding objects and even what he has not seen at all.

Whatever method or method you choose, or even a separate allowance, there are a lot of them now, remember one thing - do not rush your baby, let him enjoy a carefree childhood, start classes and serious training when he is completely ready for this! Feel each other...

Happy learning and playing!

With warmth

Learning to read in syllables - this stage in teaching children to read is one of the most important and difficult. Often parents simply do not know how to teach a child to pronounce two letters together and get stuck on it for a long time. Tired of the endless repetition of "ME and A will be MA", the child quickly loses interest, and learning to read turns into torment for the whole family. As a result, children who already know letters from the age of two or three cannot even read simple words by the age of five, not to mention reading sentences and books.

What to do next when the child has memorized the letters? Let's make a reservation right away that teaching a preschooler to read syllables can be started even BEFORE he has mastered the entire alphabet (moreover, some teachers insist that you need to move on to syllables as quickly as possible, without waiting for all the letters to be studied). But those letters that we will combine into syllables, the child must name without hesitation.

In order to start learning to read by syllables, it is enough for a child to know 3-4 vowels and a few consonants. First of all, take those consonants that can be pulled (S, Z, L, M, N, V, F), this will help teach the child the continuous pronunciation of the syllable. And this is a fundamentally important point.

So, let's look at a few, in our opinion, the most effective methods, which modern teachers offer for teaching a child to fold letters into syllables.

1. We play "Engines"

(a game from the manual by E. Baranova, O. Razumovskaya "How to teach your child to read").

Instead of boring cramming, invite your child to "ride the train." All consonants are written on the rails along which our trailers will go, and vowels are written on the trailers themselves. We place the trailer on the rails so that a consonant appears in the window, and we name which station we got (for example, BA). Next, we move the trailer down the rails - to the next consonant and read the syllable that appears.

There is a similar guide in cards "Game" Steam locomotive. We read syllables. from E. Sataeva

This game is good because the child does not need to be specially explained how to add syllables. It is enough to say: “Now we will ride the letter A, she will be our passenger, name all the stations at which we will make a stop.” To begin with, “ride” yourself - let the child move the trailer along the rails, and you loudly and clearly call the “stations”: BA, VA, GA, YES, ZHA, ZA, etc. Then invite your child to take turns doing this with you. During the game, listening to you, children easily grasp how to pronounce two sounds together. For the third time, the child will “ride” himself without much difficulty.

If the child does not know all the letters, stop only at those “stations” that are familiar to him. Next, we change the wagon. Now we roll the letters O, U, S. If the child can easily cope with the task, we complicate the task. For example, we ride at speed - timing which of the wagons will reach the end of the path first. Or another option: stopping at the station, the child must name not only the syllable, but also the words starting with this syllable (BO - barrel, side, Borya; VO - wolf, air, eight; GO - city, golfs, guests; DO - rain, daughter, boards, etc.).

Please note that with this game you can practice reading not only open syllables (with a vowel at the end), but also closed ones (with a consonant at the end).

To do this, we take trailers where the vowels are written in front of the window, and act in the same way. Now we have a letter on the trailer not a passenger, but a driver, she is the main one, she is in front. First read the resulting “stations” with closed syllables yourself: AB, AB, AG, AD, AZH, AZ, etc., then offer the child a “ride”.

Remember that in this and other exercises, we first practice adding syllables with first-row vowels (A, O, E, Y, Y), and then we introduce second-row vowels (I, E, E, Yu, I) - the so-called "iotized" vowels, which make the sound that precedes them soft.

When the child is good at reading individual tracks with syllables, alternate trailers with passengers and drivers, without prompting which trailer we will ride. This will help the child learn to clearly see exactly where the vowel is in the syllable (the syllable begins with it or ends with it). At first, learning to read by syllables in a child may have difficulties with this.

2. "Run" from one letter to another

(from "ABC for kids" by O. Zhukova)

This is a visual exercise that will help the child learn to pronounce two letters together.

Before us is a path from one letter to another. To overcome it, you need to pull the first letter until the finger that we are leading along the path reaches the second letter. The main thing we are working on in this exercise is that there is no pause between the first and second sound. In order to make it more interesting to study, replace your finger with a figure of any animal / little man - let him run along the path and connect two letters.

("ABC book for kids" by E. Bakhtina, "Russian alphabet" by O. Zhukova and others).

Many authors of primers and alphabets use animated images of letters that need to be folded into a syllable - they are friends, walk together in pairs, pull each other through obstacles. The main thing in such tasks, as in the previous exercise, is to name two letters together so that the two girlfriend letters stay together.

To use this technique, you do not even need special manuals or primers. Print out several figures of boys and girls (animals, fairy-tale or fictional characters), write a letter on each of them. Let consonants be written on the figures of boys, and vowels on the figures of girls. Make friends with the kids. Check with your child that boys and girls or two girls can be friends, but it is not possible to make friends with two boys (pronounce two consonants together). Change pairs, put girls first in them, and then boys.

Read the syllables first in one order, then in reverse.

These few tricks are quite enough to teach a child to put two letters into a syllable. And learning in the form of a game will allow you to avoid cramming and boring repetition of the same thing.

4. Games to consolidate the skill of adding letters

- Syllabic Lotto

It is very easy to make them yourself, for this you need to pick up a few pictures - 6 for each card and print the corresponding syllables.

• Help will help you “Syllables. Choose a picture according to the first syllable BA-, VA-, MA-, SA-, TA-. Educational lotto games. GEF DO "E. V. Vasilyeva- there are a few more tutorials in this series
“Letters, syllables and words. Lotto with verification” by A. Anikushena
• Similar exercises are in the book. "Syllabic tables. GEF "N. Neshchaeva

- Shop game

Lay out toy goods or pictures with their images on the counter (for example, FISH-ba, DY-nya, PI-horns, BU-lka, YaB-loki, MYA-so). Prepare "money" - pieces of paper with the name of the first syllables of these words. A child can buy goods only for those “bills” on which the correct syllable is written.

Make an album with your child’s own hands, in which a syllable will be written on one page of the spread, and objects whose name begins with this syllable will be written on the other. Periodically review and supplement these albums. For more effective learning close one or the other half of the spread while reading (so that the child does not have extra clues when naming a syllable or choosing words for a particular syllable).

This will help you "Cards for sound and syllabic analysis of words."

- Game in the airfield (garages)

We write syllables large on sheets of paper, lay them out around the room. These will be different airfields (garages) in our game. The child takes a toy plane (car), and the adult commands - on which airfield (in which garage) you need to land the plane (park the car).

For this exercise, Zaitsev cubes or any cards with syllables are suitable (you can make them in the form of traces). We build a long path from them - from one end of the room to the other. Choose two figurines / toys. You play one, the child plays the other. Roll the dice - take turns with your figures on the cards for as many moves as fell on the dice. Stepping on each card, name the syllable written on it.

For this game, you can also use various "walkers" by writing syllables in circles on the playing field.

5. Reading simple words by syllables

Simultaneously with the development of syllables, we begin to read simple words (of three or four letters). For clarity, so that the child understands what parts the word consists of, which letters should be read together and which separately, we recommend that the first words be composed of cards with syllables / individual letters or graphically divide the word into parts.

Words of two syllables can be written on pictures consisting of two parts. Pictures are easier to understand (the child is more willing to read the words written on them than just columns of words), plus it is clearly visible into which parts a word can be broken down when reading it syllable by syllable.

Increase the difficulty gradually: start with words consisting of one syllable (UM, OH, EM, UZH, Hedgehog) or two identical syllables: MOM, UNCLE, DAD, NANNYA. Then proceed to reading the words of three letters (closed syllable + consonant): BAL, SON, LAK, BOK, HOUSE.

You need to understand that even if a child pronounces all the syllables in a word correctly, this does not mean that he will immediately be able to meaningfully put them into a word. Be patient. If a child has difficulty reading words of 3-4 letters, do not proceed to reading longer words and especially sentences.

Be prepared for the fact that the child will freely begin to read words only after he has automated the skill of adding letters into syllables. Until this happens, periodically return to working out syllables.

And, most importantly, remember that any learning should be a joy - for both parents and children!

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova

Many modern parents have to deal with teaching their children to read as early as preschool age. Indeed, in many lyceums and schools, rather serious requirements are imposed on first-graders: the child must already be able to read, write and think logically. Of course, these skills make it easier to get used to during training and quickly integrate into the learning process.

Where to begin?

In fact, preparation for reading begins at a very early age. First of all, it is worth starting not with the reading itself, but with a general cognitive development child. Such development is greatly facilitated by simple tasks for logic, fine motor skills and the improvement of speech.

Some examples of games for children 4 years old

• Continue the word . We learn to invent words, develop imagination and speech.

Throwing the ball into the child's hands, say the beginning of a word. For example, the syllable "Ma". And the child, returning the ball to you, should continue it and say “Sha” or “Tire”. Be sure to pronounce the whole word later: Masha or the car. Then complicate it a little and set a specific theme for the hidden words. For example, fruits, transport or names.

• Sound riddle . Learning to develop memory and auditory attention.

Prepare some children's musical instruments or toys: pipe, rattle, bell, etc. Demonstrate all the sounds in turn so that the child remembers them. Then ask him to turn away and guess what object is making a sound now. Gradually complicate the game and alternate several sounds in turn. Such a game trains auditory attention, which is so necessary when learning to read.

• gift for toy. We learn to identify the first letter in a word and develop imagination.

Celebrate your child's favorite toy. May her birthday be today. Invite the child to pick up a gift for the toy and draw it. The main condition of the game is that the first sound in the name of the gift is the same as the first sound in the name of the toy. For example, gifts for a doll begin only with the letter k: paints, xylophone, cubes. And for a bear - a ball, honey, a car. The more options the child names, the better.

A good tool in such a game will be pictures or cards with various objects depicted. Invite the child to pick up a gift and choose one of the ones shown in the picture.

Such a game helps to develop the ability to sound analysis of words, which is necessary when reading.

• Finish it. We learn to complement the figures, develop attention and fine motor skills. For drawing, there are many options for games.

Drawing according to the model teaches the child to concentrate when working with signs, and also contributes to a better memorization of letters and the correct reproduction of words when reading.

Learn letters

An integral stage on the way to reading is the study of letters. And the more interesting and exciting this process will be, the faster the child will learn everything. To make the process of memorizing letters easy and productive, there are several simple rules pedagogy.

• It will be easier for a child to remember a letter if he first draws it or molds it himself from plasticine. Also a great option would be to add letters from sticks, buttons, pebbles, etc.
• It is important not to overload the children's memory and not try to remember more than two letters a day.
• Learn letters by pronouncing their sound correctly. For example, the letter M is not pronounced with the sound "em", but with a short "m". Otherwise, the child will be confused when reading and pronounce syllables incorrectly.
• You should not start learning capital letters while the child has not yet mastered all printed ones.
• To make it easier for the child to remember the letters, let him figure out what each of them looks like. For example, compare them with different subjects.

Learning to read by syllables

Currently, there are many educational literature for teaching preschoolers. And each parent chooses the most suitable and interesting option primer or alphabet for children who are just learning to read. They use various techniques for reading by syllables. Somewhere the option of stretching sounds is considered, and somewhere the transitions from letter to letter in the form of colorful pictures.

In fact, when reading, we no longer think and are not aware that all the syllables come naturally to us, because they are pronounced automatically. It is memorization that helps us read quickly and without hesitation. Therefore, the education of children should also be approached with the same goal. Each syllable must be pronounced several times, searched in words and pictures.

Reading the words

When the child masters and remembers the combination of syllables well, the reading of words begins. At this point, it is important to teach the child to understand the meaning of what is read. This is also facilitated by various puzzles and games with pictures.

Insert a letter

This game is very effective in the initial learning of word reading. It will require three pictures for three-letter words. For example: bow, house and cat. Sign under the pictures the first and last letter, and leave a space in place of the vowel. Have your child guess the missing letter in the word. Performing this task, he will reflect, and pick up letters in turn. Thus, in this game, the child learns meaningful reading, understands the semantic distinctive meaning of letters, and develops phonemic hearing.

picture with word

The most common word game. often sold ready-made options in the form of loto. It is easy to make it yourself by preparing pictures in advance and signing words on them in block letters. You need to cut the picture with the word in half so that the child can pick up the two halves of one picture.

finish the word

For this game, you will need several pictures from coloring pages or postcards. The initial syllables of words denoting the depicted objects are attached to the pictures on a paper clip. And the endings of the words must be put in front of the child, so that he himself chooses the appropriate ones from them.

A few more secrets useful tips about how to quickly and correctly teach a child to read, watch the video

When teaching a child to read, it is very important to give tasks in an easy, playful way in order to maintain interest. The main thing at the same time is not to overdo it with the load and select benefits according to the age and abilities of the baby. Always be patient and diligent, then your child will definitely be well prepared for school and learn to read quickly.