Pumpkin (lat. Cucurbitaceae) - Family of flower bipartal plants, numbering 130 genera and about 900 species. Most of the pumpkin - perennial and annual herbs, but there are among representatives of the semi-stabilia family and even shrubs. Pumpkin cultures grow in countries with a warm climate. Fruits of many pumpkin cultures (melons, watermelons, cucumbers, pumpkins) are edible, from some manufactured musical instruments (Lagenarium), sponges and filler (lufa), and there are species that are grown as medicinal or decorative plants.

Pumpkin Family - Description

The common botanical sign of pumpkin plant representatives is a lianovoid life form. Pumpkin long juicy stems, commonly called weavers, extending on the ground and climbing on supports using a mustache. Leaves from the representatives of the family of sweet, simple, palpat-disseated or blade, without hurry, hard or hair.

Pumpkin flowers - male, female or rich - are located singly in sinuses or collected in inflorescence. On most plants cultivated in culture, are also male and female flowers, and the proportion of female flowers can increase depending on the reduction in the length of the daylight, increasing the content in the air carbon monoxide or lowering the night temperature.

The fruit in pumpkin plants are berry, multifaceted, usually with solid crust and meaty content.

In total, the family of pumpkin thirteen delivery:

• rod Pumpkin, which includes such types:
  • common pumpkin;
  • zucchini;
  • patchson, or pumpkin plate;
• rod Cucumber:
  • cucumber ordinary;
  • melon;
  • anguria, or horned cucumber, or antillese cucumber, or watermelon cucumber, or cucumber-hedgehog;
  • kuvan, african cucumber, or horned melon;
• roda Lufa:
  • lufa Egypt or Luofa Cylindrical;
  • lufa isolating;
• girth tea:
  • tea edible, or Mexican cucumber;
• roda Watermelon:
  • watermelon;
• beninkaza:
  • beninkaza, or Wax Pumpkin, or Winter Pumpkin;
• - Momordika:
  • momordika Charangery, or Chinese bitter pumpkin, or bitter cucumber;
  • momordik Domomnaya, or barbed pumpkin, or cantol;
• roda Lagenarium:
  • lagenarium ordinary, or Calabas, or Gorryanka, or Kalabash, or a bottle pumpkin, or pumpkin, or a pumpkin;
• cyclateter:
  • cyclaneter edible, or Peruvian cucumber;
• truchoznet:
  • trito-seater snake, or snake pumpkin, or snake cucumber;
• melotry:
  • melotry rough, or mouse melon, or mouse watermelon, or sour rootishon, or mexican acid cucumber, or Mexican miniature watermelon;
• the genus of the Tladyanta:
  • tladyanta dubious, or red cucumber;
• sikan family:
  • kassabanana, or sicana fragrant, or fragrant pumpkin, or a musky cucumber.

In our article, we will tell you about the most famous representatives of the family, which are grown in the garden and in the garden.

Fruit pumpkin plants

Pumpkin

- the genus of grassy plants of the Pumpkin family, whose well-known representative is the ordinary pumpkin (Lat. Cucurbita PEPO), cultivated as food and aft culture. Aztecs were used to eat, except fruits, boiled flowers and the tip of the stems of the pumpkin, what are the records in " Common story Affairs of the New Spain ", compiled in 1547-1577 by Bernardino de Saugun.

Pumpkin Ordinary - Annual Muffin Culture With Miscellaneous Streaming Stem, with Wasps and Large Bandal Hard Leaves. Yellow large same-sex pumpkin flowers depending on the floor are located singly or beams. The fetus is the Thavor with a solid outer shell and numerous large bright seeds. In the culture there are about one hundred species of the pumpkin ordinary, which differ from each other by the magnitude, shape and painting fruit. Some of them cultivate as decorative plants, such as Cucurbita PEPO VAR. Cypeata or Depressa is a decorative plant with rigid-leathery ribbed fruits.

Pumpkin fruits contain fiber, potassium, a lot of vitamins - a, c, e, group B vitamins, rarely found vitamin K, affecting blood clotting, as well as vitamin T, which helps to absorb heavy food and with obese due to improvement and acceleration All metabolic processes in the body. And by the number of iron, the pulp pumpkin is even apples. Edible pumpkins eat in the food in the raw form by adding them to salads, and after heat treatment - the pulp of the fetus is baked, extinguished or boosted. Pumpkin is easily absorbed, quenching thirst, improves peristality. Dried pumpkin seeds are used as medicinal raw materials - they are used as a remedy for ribbon worms.

The fertility and mechanical composition of the soil of pumpkin is undemanding, only clay soils are unsuitable for growing this culture, but still preferably plant it on well-lit, draned, fertile sampling, medium cynical or light-coded soils with a neutral reaction, pre-fertilized with compost or manure. As predecessors, pumpkin is suitable for any plants, except related - cucumbers, patissons, zucchini and the like, but it is best grows after perennial herbs and such garden plantslike corn, tomatoes, cabbage, onions, carrots, potatoes and legumes.

The varieties of pumpkin ordinary are divided into large-scale, hard and nutmeg, as well as on bush and plenty, stern, dining and decorative. According to the time limits of the variety, there are early, early, medium, middle-air and late. The most popular dotable varieties are large-scale dawn pumpkins, Russian woman, marble, candy, Volga series, winter sweet, dining room winter, smile, Kherson, baby, medical, stand, centner, titanium, roller, Parisian gold, Big Moon, Amazon, Arina, Children's delicate. Axorn, spaghetti, freckles, gleolen, mushroom, almond, Altai, Bush Orange, Camera, also proved from hard screw varieties. Best muscat pumpkins Posted by varieties Batternat, vitamin, Palawa Kadu and Prikubanska.

As for the decorative pumpkins, which refresh and decorate country sites And our dwellings, such varieties such as stars, Turkish turban and baby cream-white from the Scherazade series may seem attention, as well as an orange ball, a wart mixture and a two-color ball from a kaleidoscope series.

Watermelon

- Bakhchy culture, annual herbaceous plant, view of the kind of watermelon. For the first time, the watermelon was described by Swedish naturalist Karl Peter Tunberg in 1794 as a species of Momordika, but in 1916, Japanese nerds Takenosin Nakhai and Nindzo Matsumura determined him in the genus Watermelon.

Root system Watermelon has a powerful and branched, having good suction. The main root can penetrate the depth of one meter, and the side extended underground horizontally to a distance of up to 5 meters. Stems in the plant are flexible, thin, curly or creeping, most often rounded-five-marked, branched, length of 3 or more meters, although there are short-liter varieties of plants. Young pieces of stalks are covered with thick, soft insertion. Leaves are regular, hairy, harsh, triangular-ovoid, strong-willed, on long stiffs, from 8 to 22 long and width from 5 to 18 cm. Single-sex flowers, and the male flowers are smallele. The fruit is a juicy multiferous tykiv. In shape, painting and size, the fruits of watermelon of different types and varieties can vary greatly, but in most cases they have a smooth surface.

Watermelon - the plant is thermal-loving, drought-resistant and heat-resistant, but this culture does not tolerate frosts. Grow watermelons on the sun well lit parts with light soil.

The flesh of the watermelon contains salts of iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, which have a beneficial effect on the work of the digestive organs, blood formation, the domestic secretion glands and the cardiovascular system. The use of watermelon is shown in small-class, heart disease, gallbladder and urinary tract, and watermelon contained in watermelon and easily digestible sugars make it easier for acute and chronic liver diseases. The fiber of watermelon contributes to the removal of excess cholesterol and improves the digestion, and the foul and ascorbic acid included in the pulp and ascorbic acid protect the body from atherosclerosis. The watermelon juice quenches thirst with a fever, and alkaline compounds regulate acid-alkaline equilibrium in the body.

Watermelon ordinary is represented by two varieties: Tsamma Melon, which grows in nature in the territory of Lesotho, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Watermelon, which is grown exclusively in culture. Currently, there are European, Russian, East Asian, South Ukrainian, Transcaucasian and American groups of woolly watermelon varieties. The most popular is the varieties of Astrakhan, Monastic, Kamyshinsky, Kherson, Melitopol, Uryupinsky, Mozdok, Apple, Raspberry Cream, Korean, Chernousk, a variety of Japanese densuke with a crust of black and others.

Melon

- Bakhchy culture, kind of cucumber genus Middle and Asia, where it happened about 400 years ago. Now in the wild, the melon will no longer meet, but in culture it is grown in all warm countries of the world. Mention of Melon can be found even in the Bible.

The melon is a grassy annual with grated hairs, long, creeping round-graded stem, the thickness of which is about 2 cm, and the length reaches 2 m. Sidelights depart from the main escape. The root system in melon melon, leaving in a depth of 2-2.25 m. Leaves in melons are regular, separate or solid, all-acy or gear, long-coal, rounded, heart-shaped, honest or angular, different shades of green. Flowers are found three types - female, male and rigging. The whine is a pryonkidoid, with severial petals of yellow. The fruit melon is a false berry, the size, the color and the shape of which varies depending on the variety: it can be flattened, round, extended, oval, with smooth or rough leather of white, yellow olive or brown, with white, cream or almost yellow flesh . Structure, consistency, density and taste of pulp also vary. In the mass of the melon can reach from 1 to 20 kg. Inside each fetus there is a large amount of light seeds - elongated, elongated or oval.

Melon is a plant for a warm climate, therefore it is grown on wind-protected solar sections preferably on the southern slope. Soil Plant prefers neutral, light, dry and well-haired. Melon varieties are chosen on the basis of the features of the region: early varieties are more suitable for the middle strip, and in warmer areas can be grown and middle-air, and even late melons.

Melon is represented by five subspecies:

Subspecies first - classic Melon (Cucumis Melo Subsp.melo) - The usual melon for all represents:

four varieties of Central Asian Melon:

• redigi - Autumn-winter melons of varieties of Bezhek, Gulyabi Green, Torlama, Coy-Bash;
• bukharki - early melons varieties Chogare, Assate, Tashlaki, Bos Valle and others;
• handalyak - Estimated melons of varieties Handalyak Yellow, Collagurk, Cam, Coc Cola Pos and others;
• ameri - Summer, the most sugary of all melons presented by the varieties of Ak-Kaoun, Ameri, Cockcha, Arbaisha, Barga, Vaharman and others;

western European Melon:

• western European Cantaloupe, represented by the secondary sorts of Sharanta, Prescot, Galia and others;
• american mesh cantaloupe Edistista, Rio Gold, Jambo and others;
• eastern European melons: Eastern (Altai varieties, thirty days, lemon and yellow, early), summer (dessert varieties, Kubanka, Kolkhoznitsa, Kerch) and Winter (Village Bykovskaya, Caucasian, Dream, Tavriya);

oriental melons:

• cassaba Winter varieties Valencia, Hani Dew, Golden Beauty, Temporian Roxet;
• cassaba Summer varieties Honey dew, spotted, Zhukovsky.

and exotic melon:

• second subspecies - Chinese melon (Cucumis Melo Subsp.chinensis);
• the third subspecies - cucumber melon (Cucumis Melo Subsp.flexuosus);
• fourth subspecies - wild melon, or weed-field (Cucumis Melo Subsp.agrestis);
• fifth subspecies - Indian Melon (Cucumis Melo Subsp.indica).

Zucchini is an annual grassy plant, a bush variety of pumpkin ordinary with the fruits of green, yellow or almost white color. Right zucchini from Northern Mexico - there they are centuries, along with corn and pumpkin, accounted for a basic diet of aborigines. In Europe, Zucchini was imported by conquisites in the XVI century, and then spread, making a particularly important situation in Italian and Mediterranean cuisine. Today, zucchini is cultivated everywhere, where they allow them to grow climatic conditions.

In appearance, the zucchini is more reminded not pumpkin, but very large cucumbers. They are covered with dense, smooth skin, under which there is a fleshy light pulp with a large number of seeds. The foods are used in the phase of technical, and not biological maturity, since the ripe fruit seeds become large and rigid.

Spring zucchini follows open solar sites located on the southwestern or southern slopes. The soil should be a neutral reaction, light, soup or linous. For favorable conditions You can get the fruits of zucchini after a month and a half after the appearance of germs, but if the plant will lack light, it is possible to reduce yields up to the complete cessation of vegetation.

The zucchini contains a complex of vitamins - a, c, h, e, pp and group B, calcium microelements, sodium, iron and magnesium, fiber, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and structured water. Zucchini belong to dietary products and are distinguished by therapeutic properties.

Zucchini varieties are divided by such signs as the timing of ripening (early, middle-easier and late), the type of pollination (inexperienced and beeland), the place of cultivation (closed or open soil), the origin (grade or hybrid) and the purpose (for consumption of raw form or For processing). But the most convenient to divide the zucchini in maturation timing.

From the early banks, the grades of Chaklun, Belukha, Waterfall, Mavr, Aeronaut, Carama and Hybrid Belogor, Iskander, Areal, Cava and Carism were well established well. Popular medieval zucchini are represented by the Mushroom 37 and Hybrid Spaghetti-Spaghetti Tivoli, and from late varieties are good nuts and spaghetti ravio.

- Italian variety of white bubble. Translated from the Italian "Zucchini" means "small pumpkin". Fame This type of zucchini acquired only in the XIX century. The drops of Zucchini are more compact, the leaves have greater decorativeness, and the taste of pulp at the same time and more gentle, and more rich than that of the zucchini. In addition, Zuckini is still stored longer. In short, Zucchini is an improved zucchini. The peel at Zucchini may be a dark green or golden yellow, masonry or striped. Cuccini varieties and fetal shape differ. Growing conditions for this species are the same as for ordinary zucchini.

From the early sorts of Zucchini, the most famous are aeronaut, genesis, yellow-grade, white swan, golden cup, sir, zebra, mezzo lungo bianco, negritenok, black handsome man, digger, anchor and gold hybrid. Good rapid varieties of Pharaoh, Tsukesha, span, souvenir and hybrid Embessey. The secondary varieties include Zucchini TDDO Di Piaczo, Coast, Multi-Style, Milan Black, Golden, Diamond and Nephritis Hybrid. The middle-plant zucchini is represented by a variety of pasta. In general, the Zucchini group includes, as a rule, early and secondary-range varieties.

Patchsons

Patisson (lat. Patisson), or tarbed pumpkin - Grassy annual, a variety of pumpkin ordinary, which is cultivated worldwide. In the wild form, patissons are not found. In Europe, they were brought from America in the XVII century and quickly gained popularity. Slightly later, they began to grow in Ukraine and in the south of Russia, and two centuries later this type of pumpkin reached Siberia.

Patchson has a bush or semi-gun shape, he has large hard leaves, single single-sex yellow flowers, and the fruit is a laxer of a bell and a plate of white, green or yellow, sometimes monophonic, sometimes with stripes or stains. The taste of patissons is comparable to the taste of artichokes. Food is used both young wounds and mature fruits - they are extinguished, salted, fry, quasse and marinate, sometimes together with cucumbers and tomatoes. Patchson fruits contain mineral salts, pectins, fats, fiber, ash elements, vitamins and other useful substances.

Patchson is thermaluminous and demanding to moisture, therefore it is grown on open, well-lit and ventilated areas with loose, fertile neutral soil. The main condition for the cultivation of patissons is timely and sufficient watering.

The varieties of patissons, as well as the grade of zucchini, are divided into early, secondary and late. Early grades allow us to get a harvest after 40-50 days after the appearance of germs. The secondary patissons are necessary to achieve technical ripeness of 50-60 days, and late - 60-70 days. From the early patissons, the most popular varieties are white 13, disc, good orange, cheburashka, bingo-bongo, malachite, umbrella, patch, Gosh, Sannya Delight, Chartrez, Polo hybrids and sunny bunny. The middle-timed patissons are represented by Snow White, Chunga-Chang, Sun, UFO White, Tabolinsky and Hybrid Arbusinka.

Cucumbers

Or sowing cucumber It is an annual herbaceous plant, a kind of cucumber Pumpkin family. Eating cucumbers in a misappropriate form, unlike pumpkin, which should mature for eating. In the culture of the cucumber appeared more than six thousand years ago. The ancient Greeks called this vegetable "Aguur", which means "unworked." The birthplace of plants - tropics and subtropics of India, the foot of the Himalayas, where it can still be found in the wild. Today, the cucumbers are grown around the world in an open and closed soil, and breeders without tired withdrawing all new and new varieties and hybrids of this popular plant.

The stem of the cucumber is rough, fluttering, ending with the assholes clinging behind the support. Leaves are five-pointed, heart-shaped. Fruit - juicy, emerald green multilayer pipple green, covered with white or dark ointment. The fruits of different varieties may differ in size, color and coloring.

Zelents contain 95-97% of structured water. The remaining few percent include a slight amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, macro- and trace elements, sugar, carotene, chlorophyll, vitamins C, B and PP. The substances included in the cucumbers excite appetite, contribute to the improvement of the digestion and the absorption of food, increasing the acidity of the gastric juice. The properties of the cucumbers were described in the ancient hospital "Cool Vertograd", which was compiled in the XVII century.

Exotic pumpkin plants

Gorryanka

Or gorylyanka or pumpkin Gorryanka, or bottle pumpkin, or indian cucumber, or vietnamese zucchini, or kalabas It is the annual creeping Lian family Pumpkin. It is cultivated by this plant for the sake of its fruits, which are used in different purposes: the young scratches of long-lying forms are eaten, and ripe fruits, shape resembling bottles, are used as vessels and make musical instruments. The skill distinguish two subspecies:

• lagenaria Siceraria Subsp. Asiatica - a plant with stretched bottles, common in Polynesia and Asia;
• lagenaria Siceraria Subsp. Siceraria is a variety with elongated mining fruits growing in Africa and America.

In the culture of Gorryanka was used long before our era, even before the appearance of clay dishes. Motherland of Labenarium is considered to be Africa, from where it has spread to China through Central Asia, as well as having durable walls and buoyancy, and the ocean flow fell into America. They grow this culture in subtropical and tropical zones of Africa, China and South America. In a moderate climate, the lagenarium is grown in the greenhouses a seaside way.

The unripe fruits of the rustle, which have reached a length of 15 cm, is eaten - they are very similar to the zucchini. They are eating raw, they prepare dishes, they are preserved in the phase of dairy ripeness. Oil from the seeds of mature fruits. Seeds of lagenarium, as well as pumpkin seeds, have anthelmal action. Grylyanka can be used as a dot for melons and cucumbers. Mature rustic fruits are made of food and water storage vessels, drinking bowls and musical instruments such as a balaphone, guiro, a shekener, a bark that are usually decorated with cut or scorched patterns. In South America, they also make dishes for brewing Mate.

Trichozer

- The genus of grassy lian family pumpkin, whose representatives grow in tropical and subtropical zones. In the countries of South and Southeast Asia, snake-shaped triotheozant (Lat. Trichosanthes Cucumerina), which is the most popular view of the genus, cultivate for its fleshy fruits, stems and mustaches that are eaten.

Stem in triothots of a serpentine, or cucumber of the serpentine, or snake pumpkin

thin, length up to 3 m, the leaves are complex, three-seminal, root system lies shallow, like cucumbers. Women's flowers are single, male collected in busy inflorescences. Flowers' form is unusual and attractive: numerous elongated threads swirling at the ends are departed from white petals. By evening, the flowers begin to publish an amazing fragrance. The fruits of Trirtyozant are reminded chinese cucumbersAnd some of them are wriggled like snakes. They are from 50 to 150 cm long, and in diameter from 4 to 10 cm. The color of the fetus depends on the plant variety - it can be white, green, green in a white stripe or white in green. When ripening, the fruits gradually blush from the bottom up. Similar to pumpkin seeds in the fruits of Triogozant not more than 10 pieces. During the season from one plant, it is possible to remove up to two dozen fruits, which include carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The food is used to the food of fruits in the raw form, adding soups-mashed potatoes into its salads, boils out of it, baked and extinguished. Some tricozer varieties have an unpleasant smell from which you can get rid of the heat treatment only.

To the conditions of cultivation, the trico dress is not demanding, but if you want from the plant maximum return, then pick up a plot with fertile, water and air-permeable light seashed or soup soil for it. Groundwater should not be closed too close to the surface of the site. The tricozer is grown through seedlings, which is planted into the ground under the film for about April 15-20. Trehirtsant varieties are popular, such as Cucumber with marble and white fruits, Snack Guad - Chinese grade with white fruits in a dark green strip, Petopa Ular - Malaysian variety with light green fruits in a dark strip and Japanese satellite variety with green striped fruits, Spiral twisted.

Teat.

Or mexican cucumber - Cultural plant, well-known Maya, Aztecs and other ancient Indian tribes. Motherland tea - Central America. The main supplier teaboard is today Costa Rica, but it is cultivated in many countries with a warm climate.

Low-minded shoots of tea with longitudinal grooves reach a length of 20 m, clinging to the supports of the mustache. The root system is a fleece root, on which from the second year of growth is formed to a tent of the tuber weighing about 10 kg of yellow, yellow-green, light green, dark green or almost white with a white flesh, resembling a causta or potato flesh. Wide-edged, rigid hairs leaves a tea with a length of 10 to 25 cm, consisting of stupid fractions with a number of 3 to 7 pieces, are located on long stiffs. Greenish or cream flowers with a wedge with a diameter of about 1 cm. Single-sex - women's solitary flowers, and male collected in the brush. The fruit of tea is round or pear-like berries with a mass to a kilogram, a length of 7 to 20 cm with one plane seed of white in size from 3 to 5 cm. Peel in fruit shiny, thin, but durable, white, green or light yellowSometimes with longitudinal grooves or minor growths. White-green flesh, sweetish, starchy.

All parts of the tea - the leaves are edible, the tops of young shoots, which are used in stewed form, and misunderstanding fruits - stews added in the raw form in salads, baked, stuffed with meat or vegetables. Seeds tea time after roasting get a nut taste. Young tubers are preparing like potatoes, and the old cattle is fed. From the stems weave hats and other products.

Textile 7 amino acids, including arginine, lysine, methionine, leucine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, sugar, fiber, carbohydrate, starch, potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc , Vitamins C, PP and Group B.

Since at temperatures below 20 ºC tea ceases to grow, it is grown it only in a warm climate or in greenhouses. Soil tea is needed loose, well-drained, neutral reaction and rich, although with proper care it can be grown even on clay soils. There are beds with tea in places protected from wind and well-warmed and sun-lit.

Loofah

Loofah, or luffa or lUFFA (Lat. Luffa) It is a grassy liana family pumpkin. Lufa area - tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. According to various sources, there are from 8 to 50 species of the plant, but only two of them are grown in culture - cylindrical lufa and lufa isolating, more rarely and cold-resistant appearance, which grows well even in the northern regions. All of us are well known products from hubes - bathing washcloths that can be bought in economic storeBut much more interesting to grow them in the garden.

Liana Lufa reaches a length of 5 m. It has the leaves of the next, whole or five-semi-blade, large flowers, separate, white or yellow. Male flowers Form a cysterious inflorescence, and women grow singly. The elongated cylindrical flags of the hubs inside the fibrous and dry, with a large number of seeds. It is the fruits of certain types of hubs and are used for the manufacture of washcloths. And the fruits of such species like Lufa Egyptian and Ostrogry, are eaten. In plant seeds, more than 25% of oil suitable for technical purposes are contained. Make from the hubs also soap.

They grow lufa with a seaside way, while sitting down the past quenching seedlings on low ridges or beds in early May. The soil on the plot should be fertile, fertilous, neutral and preferably a suede. Choose a sunny and wind protected place for the lufa. If you are interested in edible fruits, it is better to grow a outer luifa, and if you need washcloths, then prefer the liquefy of cylindrical.

Momordika Charangery

Or bitter cucumber - a grassy annual monodomal liana growing in nature in the tropical areas of Asia, and in culture grown in the warm regions of the world - in China, in the Caribbean Islands, in South and Southeast Asia. The leaves of this species of MomaDiki have a scattering, flattened or rounded shape with a heart-shaped base. They are deeply trapped on 5-9 blades and are opposed on stiffs from 1 to 7 cm long. Moma-sex flowers, stubborn, with five yellow petals. The fruits are green, rough, with warts and wrinkles, cylindrical, oval or prehelovoid form. When ripening, they turn yellow or become orange. The pulp of fruit is sponge and dry, bitter, uneven shape, red-brown.

They grow a momigation sake of its fruits that are brought by immature, then they are soaked in salt water to remove bitterness, after which it stands or boasting. Also extinguished also young shoots, leaves and flowers of plants. Poisonous juice Momordiki is used to treat asthma, rheumatism and arthritis. To taste, the pulp of Momordika is similar to the flesh of tea or cucumber. It is nutritious and useful due to the content of a large amount of iron, beta carotene, potassium, calcium and other important for human organism Elements. Some compounds that are part of the fruit of momordics help treat HIV, malaria, diabetes of the second type, and plant juice is able to destroy pancreatic cancer cells.

The heat-loving plant is grown in greenhouses, greenhouses, on balconies and window sills. There are among the species of momordic and decorative plants for both indoor culture and growing along fences and arbors.

Cyclateter

Or achchach's cucumber or peruvian cucumber - type of plants of the kind of cyclancher of the Pumpkin family, cultivated in countries with a warm climate for edible fruits. The birthplace of this species is the countries of South America - Peru, Ecuador and Brazil. In the culture, the plant was introduced by the Incas, then they forgot about him for a long time, but today the interest in the cyclane is increased again. Young fruits cyclates are used in cheese, stew, fried, pickled and salty form, and flowers and shoots of the plant are also edible.

The cyclanger is a powerful one-year liano up to 5 m long, clinging behind the assholes. Plant leaves are regular, finger-dissected almost to the base of 5-7 parts. They grow so thickly that under them you can hide from the Zhugogo Summer Sun. Flowers are yellow, small - up to 1 cm in diameter, separation. Women's flowers are single, male are collected at 20-50 pieces in the blurred inflorescences with a length of 10-20 cm. Extended-oval fruits of cyclates with a diameter of up to 3 and a length of 5-7 cm are narrowed to both ends, and the top is usually twisted. Green peel of fruits in maturation becomes light green or cream. Black seeds of cyclates in an amount of 8-10 pieces are enclosed in a cell inside the fetus.

Plant seeds contain 28-30 amino acids, and the composition of the pulp of fruits includes phenols, peptine, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, lipids, tanning substances, resins, terpenes, sterols, vitamins and minerals. The cyclanger has an anesthetic, diuretic, choleretic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, hypoglycemic effect.

It is grown by the cyclant seeds and seedlings, but it is very demanding of heat, so choose the sections protected from wind, well illuminated and warmed by the sun. The cyclateter is growing better on drained, loose loamy or sampling neutral reactions.

Beninkaza

Or pumpkin wax, or winter pumpkin - Herbal liana, view of the genus Beninkase, which is widely cultivated for the sake of edible fruits reaching a length of two meters. The surface of the misappropriate fruit has a velvety texture, but as it becomes smooth and covered with a wax chain, which allows the fetus to persist for a long time after cutting. At first, Beninkaz was cultivated only in Southeast Asia, then spread to the east and south.

Beninkaza is a liananoid annual with a well-developed root system and graved stems thick with a pencil reaching for a length of 4 m. The leaves in the wax pumpkin are long-coal, blade, but not so big, like other pumpkins. Flowers are very beautiful, large - up to 15 cm in diameter, orange-yellow, with five petals. Beninkase fruits can be round or oblong, and their weight can reach 10 kg, although in middle lane They grow only to 5 kg.

The flesh of the fruit of wax pumpkin has medicinal properties and applied in chinese folk medicine For pain relief, lowering body temperature during fever and removal of excess water from the body. Seeds are used as a tonic and sedative.

Beninkaza loves well-lit places and nutritious air-permeable neutral reaction soil.

Sican

Sican fragrant (lat. Sicana Odorifera), or pumpkin fragrant, or kassabanana - a large liana cultivated for the sake of fruits. It is a plant from Brazil, she also grows in Ecuador and Peru in the wild, and in culture is grown in all the tropical countries of America and in the Caribbean. In the middle strip it can be cultured in greenhouses.

The length of the lianovid stem sican reaches 15 m, and the leaves covered with hairs are 30 cm. The fruit is elliptical sicken, slightly curved, up to 11 cm in diameter and up to 60 cm long. His skin is smooth, glossy, dark purple, dark burgundy, orange-red or black. The flesh is juicy, fragrant, yellow or orange-yellow, and in her middle there is a fleshy core with a large number of flat seeds up to 16 and up to 6 mm wide.

According to the biological composition and taste, Sican resembles the sweet pumpkin fruits. It is added to the salad, fry and extinguished.

Mellriya

Also represents a lyazing grassy plant that originates from the tropical forests of Central America. In the culture, it is grown for small fruits in size 1.5-2 cm, to taste with reminiscent cucumbers, and in appearance - tiny watermelons. The leaves of Melotry are also similar to the cucumber, but they don't shine smallest and very long. Bright yellow female flowers are located apart, and men are collected in inflorescences. Melotry's vacuum can reach the length of 3 m and cling to the supports of the mustache, like the stems of other pumpkin plants. In addition to edible fruits, melotry forms tubers weighing up to 400 g, resembling the form and size of the batt and used for the preparation of salads.

Grow melting through seedlings in balcony boxes, Lattices or fences.

Properties of pumpkin plants

The common features of pumpkin plants are a fluttering or curly stem with stunning stuffing, which are actually modified shoots.

Pumpkin in most of its plants insectopiles, so the flowers of many of them have a strong aroma, embarrassing pollinators - bees, OS, bumblebees and steppe ants. Representatives of different types of pumpkin crops are not crosslinked, so they can be grown in close proximity to each other. Exceptions are only zucchini, zucchini and pumpkin ordinary, however, cross-pollination of these crops, changing genetic code Seeds, the quality of vegetables does not affect.

As a rule, flowers in pumpkin crops separately: women are located singly, and men form a creeping or blurred inflorescence.

The overwhelming majority of pumpkin plants fruit on the structure are similar to the berry. An example of this can serve as watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin and melon. Sometimes the most ripe seeds begin to germinate inside the fetus, and when the frozen fruit cracks, not only seeds fall out of it, but the seedlings that are very quickly rooted.

The best pumpkin cultures are growing on wind protected from wind, well-lit and heated by the South South or South-Western sites with a sugary or subweam soil of a neutral reaction.

The best predecessors for pumpkin are perennial herbs, potatoes, as well as onions, cabbage and carrots. It is undesirable to grow pumpkin in one place for several years in a row - this leads to accumulation in the soil of pathogenic organisms and, as a result, to a sharp decrease in the crop. After cleaning pumpkin crops, it is advisable to spend plowing or at least a deep portion of the site to close the vegetable residues and fertilizers - this will allow the next season to reduce the number of weeds, pests and causative agents of infection and activate the course of microbiological processes.

In the structure of sowing areas of vegetable crops in the Donbass, the cucumber is 16-17% and ranks third after cabbage and tomato.

As the immigrants from the wet tropical zone, the cucumbers are very sensitive to the temperature and humidity of the soil and air. Optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants are the relative humidity of the air 78-80% and the temperature of 20-25 ° C. The optimal temperature of the soil for germination and appearance of shooters 25-30 ° C.

By virtue of a large evaporating surface of the leaves, horizontal location in the upper (often drying). The soil layer of the root system cucumbers are very demanding of moisture. We grow normally and develop when the moisture content of the soil before frolification is 80% of the PPV, during the period of fruiting - fruction - 85-90%.

In the Donetsk region for open soil, the following varieties and cucumber hybrids are zoned: from the earlyness - success 221, signal 235; Of the middle-varies - Nezhinsky 12, the yield 86, Don 175.

Success 221. and Signal 235. - Heterosexic selection hybrids of the Crimean pilot station Vir. These are early, short-flower, high-yielding (with a predominance of female flowering) hybrids, with friendly harvest in the initial period of fruiting. From the shoots to the first fee in the conditions of the Donbass runs 45-50 days. For the first 10 days of fees, according to the state testing, they give up to 136 c / ha products. The average yield of success 221 in the Donetsk region 250-400 c / ha; Signal 235 by 7-10% yields, slower yellowing during overheating, fruits more beautiful form Both the pattern exceeds the success of 221 by salinity qualities.

Early hybrids of the crop of medium-bed varieties, but their share in the crop until recently did not exceed 10-15%. IN last years Their products with success began to use not only in the fresh form, but also for canning and zero in the glass container. Therefore, it is advisable to increase the area under the early hybrids to 30-40%.

Not less than half of the area, reserved under the cucumbers, - in farms should occupy the best salinous varieties of Nezhinsky 12 and the yield 86; 10% of the area is more drought-resistant Don 175.

Nezhinsky 12. Medium-bed variety. From shoots to the first collection of 50-60 days. The period of fruiting is 40-60 days. Fruit from the second decade of July to autumn frosts. Middle-yield (yield 140-250 c / ha). Amazed with diseases and pests.

Harvest 86. Medium-bed variety, from shoots to fruiting 54-57 days. It is not different from Nezhinsky 12. Highly productive, over the years of variety tests (1974-1975) at the variety of the Donetsk region under irrigation, a commodity harvest amounted to 250-276 c / ha, which exceeds Nezhinsky 12 at 110 c / ha.

Taste qualities of fruits are high, 4.4-4.5 points. Inferior to Nezhinsky 12 at 0.5-0.6 points. Mildly dew and bacterial spottedness over the years of testing was affected by weakly.

Don 175. Late high-yielding grade (average yield 135-500 c / ha). Regarding the heat and drought-resistant, well opposed with mushroom and bacterial diseases. The fruits are not yellow for a long time, have a good taste, high marketability, salting quality average.

Place in crop rotation. The cucumbers grow better and develop on heavier soils, but for early grades it is necessary to choose light soils. Are unsuitable for cucumbers from saltwicted soils. Increased acidity also does not contribute to their development. The best predecessors For cucumbers: perennial herbs (no more than three-year use), early potatoes, corn and peas, satisfactory - tomato.

Soil processing, fertilizer. Depending on the predecessor, 1-2 discovers are carried out by a disc-loader LDH-10.

High cucumbers can be obtained only when applying fertilizers. According to the Donetsk, a vegetable, an experimental station, the optimal and economically appropriate doses and the ratios of mineral fertilizers under cucumbers are N i35 p 6O kg / ha on the background of 40 t / ha half-proverse manure or N 135 p 120 k 60 kg / ha d. on a non-barraged background. Semi-dried manure and phosphoric-potash fertilizers to be made under the zyab, nitrogen (in order to avoid leaching them in the winter-spring) - better under the first spring cultivation. In the absence of time sowing a sufficient number of nitrogen tanks, it is possible, by reducing the norm of the embossed, to fill the missing nitrogen by feeding or even all its norms to make during the growing season.

Organic fertilizers contribute to 1pt-4, RPN-4 or RUN-15, mineral - RUM-3, 1RMG-4, etc..

Spring soil preparation is ensured maintaining it to sowing in pure weeds, saving moisture. Early harrowing and two cultivations are carried out (the second to a depth of 6-7 cm) is carried out, after that - the looping, and then the soil rolling with rolling rollers. In the absence of precipitation, it is recommended that the pre-sowing irrigation of the norm 150 is 200 m 3 / hectare of water. Watering is somewhat compacted by the soil, it disappears the need for catabase after stlea.

Preparation of seeds and sowing. For sowing it is necessary to use 2-3-year-old varieties, the largest, well-performed seeds with an element of not lower than 90%. To do this, they should be sorted in advance by diving by immersion in a 5% solution of the cooking salt.

Annual seeds, if there are no 2-3-year-olds, before sowing it is necessary to warm up in a thermostat for 30-40 hours at a temperature of 20-25 ° C or for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 50-60 ° C. You can warm the seeds throughout the winter in the warm room at a temperature not lower than 18-20 ° C.

In the case of late acquisition of seeds, the absence of thermostats, effective air-thermal heating in the sun for 7-10 days.

The temperature when heating seeds must be raised to the desired level gradually (for 1-2 hours), to avoid overheating or blaming thermostats.

A wet seed treatment is recommended against mosaic - withstanding for 1 hour in a 15% solution of trinitium phosphate. Anti-mushroom and bacterial diseases are needed immediately before sowing seeds to move TMTD at the rate of 5-8 g of the drug per 1 kg.

Pre-processed and prepared seeds of early grades are sown in the third decade of April, medium-stage - in the first decade of May, when the soil temperature at a depth of 5-8 cm warms up to 12-15 ° C.

In order to maximize the use of machines when leaving for plants and with harvest, sow cucumbers with ribbon methods with wide arses. Early variety Sow according to the scheme 90 + 50 × 12-13 cm, leaving 110-120 thousand / hectares of plants after breakout. For the sowing of medium-bed varieties, schemes are used: 90 + 50 × 20-21 cm, 140 + 40 × 16-17 cm, 120 + 60 × 16-17 cm, leaving 60-70 thousand / hectares of plants after breaking.

Seed seeds of Skod-4.2 seeders, SCG-6, Son-2.8. In order to reduce the cost of production of cucumbers, you can soaring them with a pneumatic seed of SPCH 6. The dashed placement of seeds avoids breaking the plants, and limit ourselves to the test of crops during weeding in rows. Seed seed rate 6-8 kg / ha, sealing depth 4-5 cm.

Simultaneously with the seeds, snubs are seeded (sorghum or corn). The distance between the rows of Kulis from corn is 8.4 m, from a sorghum 12.6 m, that is, a multiple width of the seeder capture. The scenes improve the microclimate, contribute to increasing the yield of cucumbers by 20-30%.