Types of subordination in Russian. Complex sentences with different types of connection

This is the second lesson on the topic "Complex sentences with different types connections". The lesson deepened the understanding of the structure of complex sentences with various types communication, the ability to determine the types of allied and demonic allied connection in a complex sentence, the skill of punctuation in such sentences and all this work was carried out in combination with a repetition for the exam (OGE).

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Abstract open lesson Russian language in grade 9

Date: 04/08/2017

Teacher: Polkina I.A.

Subject: The use of allied (coordinating and subordinating) and non-union communication in complex sentences.

Target

Tasks:

Educational:

Developing:

Educational:

Lesson type: consolidation of the studied material, preparation for the OGE.

Equipment: handouts, test tasks.

During the classes

I. Communication of the goals and objectives of the lesson.

Today in the lesson we will deepen your understanding of the structure of complex sentences with various types of connections, i.e. we will work out the ability to determine the types of allied and non-union connections in a complex sentence, the skill of punctuation in such sentences and carry out all this work in combination with repetition for the exam.

Record the date and topic of the lesson.The use of allied (coordinating and subordinating) and non-union connection in complex sentences

II. Repetition of what has been learned.

A) Let's repeat the spelling.

Write down the phrases in the column, insert the missing letters, highlight the spelling. What is the spelling of the words?

And..to root evil, be..biased look, be..taste in clothes, ra..relies differently, in..walking up the mountain, ra..to be ill in earnest, be..a pitiful act.

Spelling prefixes on Z / S. Rule: Z is written before voiced consonants, C - before deaf ones). What is this task in the OGE? How can it be formulated?

b) Review the vocabulary.

Let's define LZ wordsCandid- having no predilection for anyone, fair (Ozhegov)

Let's pick up synonyms by the way. Impartial - objective, impartial (synonym dictionary).

Replace colloquial word"fall ill" is a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Find among the recorded phrases phraseological unit - “In earnest”, determine its meaning (thoroughly, seriously).

C) Replace the phrase "ruthless act", built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with a control connection. Write the resulting phrase(act without pity).

And now we will complete task 4 of the OGE.Write your answers in your notebook(on your own, check).

Task 4 OGE

1. From sentences 16-19, write out the word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​​​determined by the rule: “In prefixes ending in -З and -С, Z is written before voiced consonants, and С before voiceless consonants.”

(16) He ties a rope to one of the posts supporting the crossbar and climbs into the well. (17) He is aware of only one thing: there is not a second to lose time.

(18) For a moment, fear creeps into the soul, as if not to suffocate, but he remembers that the Bug has been sitting there for a whole day. (19) This calms him, and he descends further.

2. From sentences 25-29 write out a word in which the spelling of the prefix depends on the deafness - the voicedness of the subsequent consonant.

(25) He was silent and looked past me. (26) What does he care about Elena Frantsevna, he forgot to think about her. (27) A friend betrayed him. (28) Calmly, routinely and publicly, in broad daylight, for the sake of a penny profit, the person for whom he, not thinking would go into fire and into water.

(29) For almost a year he kept me aloof.

3. From sentences 40-43, write out the word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by the rule: “In prefixes ending in Z and S, Z is written before voiced consonants, S is written before voiceless consonants.”

(40) Lisapeta suddenly clearly saw how Zhekin's thick envelopes, pasted over with stamps, were moving in a chain north, towards the city of Norilsk. (41) They fly like a flock of geese. (42) They are knocked down by the wind, and they are lost somewhere in the snow, disappear without a trace . (43) And for some reason she felt very sorry that these letters would not reach their addressee ...

4. From sentences 29-33 write out the word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​​​determined by its meaning - “incomplete action”.

- (29) Little before! (30) Then there were no people at all, but now there is no end to it. (31) I'll tell you what: because of a stranger you good price you miss, if you don’t put him out, then you will bitterly regret it! (32) Well, to negotiate with a new guest?

(33) The old woman looked sadly, anxiously to the side, squinting eyes, then in a changed voice she hurriedly said ...

5. From sentences 28-30 write out the word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​​​determined by its meaning - “approximation”.

- (28) And here is the groom came ! (29) Hello, young groom!

(30) The guys laughed.

Checking completed tasks.

I II. Let's move on to the topic of our lesson.

Let's revisit the theory:Combinations of what syntactic links between simple sentences are typical for a polynomial complex sentence with different types of links?

(These are sentences with the following types of communication: A) coordinating and subordinating;

B) coordinating and non-union;

C) subordinating and non-union;

D) coordinating, subordinating and non-union.)

Dictation recording (sentences taken from the text of the FIPI presentations) on the board, parsing with an explanation.

1 (To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning), 2 [must by all means test it] : 3 [to be perceived a ray of someone else's kindness and live in it], 4 [ gotta feel], 5 (as a ray of this kindness takes over the heart, words and deeds throughout life).

Someone else's kindness is a premonition something more which is not even immediately believed; is the warmth from which the heart is warming and comes in a retaliatory movement.

(JV with subordinate and unionless connection).

What are the written sentences about?(about kindness)

IV. Examination homework

Read essay 15.3 on the text about the protein (Text No. 3 FIPI)

What is kindness?

Kindness is a manifestation of sincere, kind feelings towards someone. Kind people are responsive and able to give care and love to others without demanding honors or rewards. At the sight of misfortune, a good heart is upset and there is a need to help with advice, deed, sympathy. And if in order to help someone out of trouble, you need to show your fists and physically defend the weak, then a kind person, even if he is weaker than the offender, will do it.

The hero of the story by Albert Likhanov desperately rushed to defend the squirrel, which was really persecuted by ten high school students. The boy was outraged to the core that each of them had both a head and a heart, but none of them understood what they were doing. Shouts and demands to stop had no effect on the boys, their leader openly gloated, and the squirrel had already fallen down ... Kindness should be with fists. And the protagonist rushed to the crowd of offenders, desperately resisting, not feeling pain and wanting only one thing: "to ram someone else." This act was appreciated by the grandfather who came to the rescue.

I have often seen teenagers behaving ugly towards animals. Stopping them and asking why they do it, why they don’t think that a kitten or a puppy is hurt, scared, I was always amazed at their answer: “Just think, cat. It's not a human!" So I want to answer with the words of Leo Tolstoy “To understand whether an animal has a soul, you need to have a soul yourself.” Callousness towards weak and defenseless animals, if left unpunished, unnoticed, will certainly lead to the fact that such aggression will be manifested towards people. And vice versa: a person who treats animals with a soul will also treat people with kindness.

Take a look around. If you see that someone needs your help, if you feel that you cannot but help, pass by, then kindness lives in your heart. Do good deeds and remember to be kind person means to be a real person.

V. Anchoring

We write down the following sentences and analyze them (the sentences are taken from the text of the FIPI presentations):

[Costs only thoughtfully read some classical piece, and [you will notice] , (how it became easier to use speech to express own thoughts, pick up the right words). (SP with compose and subordinate link).

[After reading serious works you you will think faster], [your mind will become sharper], and [you will understand] , (that reading is useful and profitable).

(JV with compose, subordinate and unionless connection).

And now, as a test of knowledge, we will complete the exam tasks

Task 14 OGE (work in pairs)

1. Among sentences 32–37, find a complex sentence with an allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(32) At a big break, the director and I, in an empty classroom, began to make our way to Golubkin's conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said:

- (34) I have come to give myself into the hands of justice!

(35) I didn’t believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed with Vanya’s version.(36) After the lessons, six students, whose works disappeared, rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a triple, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade.

2. Among sentences 12–23, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(12) Sergeeva - theater artist, young and beautiful woman. (13) And Alice asked the guy an “adult” question:

- (14) Do you love her?

- (15) No, - the guy smiled. - (16) I once saved her. (17) In our city, the theater was then on tour with us. (18) It was in the spring, at the end of March. (19) The guys were sledding along the river. (20) Sergeeva also wanted to ride. (21) The guys gave her a sled.(22) She sat down and drove off, the sleigh accidentally drove onto the ice, which was thin and fragile, and a minute later Sergeeva was in ice water. (23) The guys screamed, but I was not far away and heard.

3. Among sentences 6–10, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(6) These remarks were enough for the hectic, sparkling thought of escaping from the lesson to flash like lightning.(7) Our class was considered exemplary, eight excellent students studied in it, and there was something funny and piquant in the fact that it was we, respectable, exemplary children, who would amaze all teachers with a strange, unusual trick, decorating the dull monotony of school everyday life with a bright flash of sensation.(8) My heart skipped a beat with delight and anxiety, and although no one knew what our adventure would result in, there was no turning back.

- (9) Only, people, so that the whole team! Vitek Noskov warned us.

(10) Since I had a controversial four in chemistry for half a year, to be honest, there was no reason for me to run away from the lesson, but the will of the team is higher than personal interests.

4. Among sentences 1–5, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied subordinating relationship between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Avalbek did not remember his father, who died at the front. (2) The first time he saw him in the cinema, when the boy was five years old.

(3) The film was about the war, Avalbek was sitting with his mother and felt how she shuddered when they shot on the screen.(4) He was not very scared, and sometimes even, on the contrary, it was fun when the Nazis fell. (5) And when ours fell, it seemed to him that they would then rise.

5. Among sentences 15–22, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(15) After the lesson, Lisapeta jumped to Vera:

- (16) Verka, I'll tell you something, and you'll just die of surprise! (17) I saw at the post office how Zheka sent thick envelopes!

- (18) To whom did you send it?

(19) Lisapeta, of course, was a good girl, but when she appeared, I immediately wanted to cringe - so she fussed and turned around.(20) It seemed as if Lisapeta was in several places at once.

- (21) Do you remember that Liza Rakitina studied in our class, who went north? (22) He sent letters to this Lizka!

VI. Generalization

– What types of allied connection in complex sentences do you know?

– If there is no union, what is this connection?

– What punctuation marks are used in non-union sentences?

Homework.To the OGE - repeat everything about synonyms, complete a selection of tasks on cards, and also complete options 2 and 3; according to the textbook: paragraph 37, exercise 211

Introspection of the lesson

Lesson topic "The use of allied (coordinating and subordinating) and non-union communication in complex sentences." This is the second lesson on this topic.

Target : to deepen students' understanding of the structure of complex sentences with various types of communication.

Tasks:

Educational:to form the ability to determine the types of allied and non-union connection in a complex sentence with different types of connection; to develop the skill of punctuation in a complex sentence with different types of communication; all of this work is done in conjunction with a review for the exam.

Developing: develop analytical skills: compare, compare, draw a conclusion;

Educational:cultivate kindness towards animals.

Lesson type: consolidation of the studied material.

Equipment: Use of handouts.

The stages of the lesson are as follows: repetition of what has been studied (preparation for the OGE), learning new material, checking homework, consolidating and testing knowledge.

All didactic tasks at the stages of the lesson were completed.

Teaching methods that were used in the lesson: visibility, problematic, differentiated learning, student-centered approach. The methods correspond to the studied material and the results obtained can be considered positive.

Testing is a widespread means of knowledge control today. After repeating the material, students are offered a test as a reinforcement. Answering the test questions, students determine the types of allied and non-union connection in complex sentences, learn to find complex sentences with different types of connection in the text. In this way, you can check how students are oriented in new concepts, how they have learned a new topic.

The lesson went at an optimal pace, the parts are logically connected. Variety of species academic work ensures the stability of the educational and cognitive atmosphere.

The activity of students is adequate to the needs of the educational process, students are ready for problem situations. Various types of tasks provide employment for all students, taking into account their abilities.

Associative sentences with a coordinative connection- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between their parts to compound sentences. These two types of sentences differ from each other only in the presence or absence of a connecting union (you can substitute a connecting union into union-free sentences, and, on the contrary, remove it from a compound sentence).

Structurally, such union-free sentences can potentially consist of an unlimited number of predicative parts, which is why they are called open union-free compound sentences (or open structure union-free sentences).

An open non-union proposal, consisting of several equal parts, names, lists a number of consecutive or simultaneous events or phenomena:

The moon stands over a transparent mountain, The neighborhood is flooded with false light, A row of cypresses lined up in formation, Their shadows fled into the unknown. (V. Ya. Bryusov)

Such non-union complex sentences are made out in a monotonous enumerative intonation, that is, all parts of the sentence are intoned in the same way. In addition, all parts of the union-free proposal are united by one leading theme. The order of the parts of an allied proposal is free, that is, you can easily swap parts.

Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which, both in structure and in semantic relations between parts, are identical to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).

The fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of the closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed with explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second - by lowering the tone). From semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence to oral speech intonation depends, and in writing - the choice of punctuation mark (colon or dash).

Between parts of closed union-free complex sentences are established Various types semantic relations, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished: material from the site

1. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
2. An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, concretizes, explains the content of the first part (often a single word or phrase of the first part): .V. Gogol).
3. An allied sentence of justification and reasons is an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
4. A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
5. An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

The opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain The road to me is the green expanse - I fell in love with the longing of the crane high mountain monastery (S. A. Yesenin)

Many non-union sentences are characterized by the ambiguity of semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships are often not amenable to unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page, material on the topics:

• sentences with subordinating non-union connection
• subordinating coordinating and non-union connection in one sentence
• sentences with subordinating coordinating and predicative connection
• sentence with non-union and coordinative connection
• compound sentence with non-union and coordinative connection

Complex sentences (CSS) are syntactic constructions containing two or more simple sentences, connected by a subordinating relationship between themselves and connected by the corresponding unions. The subordinating relationship in a complex sentence can be of several types, depending on the semantic relationships between its structural elements.

In order to determine sentences with a subordinate relationship, you need to check them for compliance with the following parameters:

• two or more simple sentences that are unequal parts: one is the main one, the second is the subordinate clause;
• there is a subordinating union or allied word;
• in writing, its parts are separated by a comma.

In NGN, from the main part to the subordinate one, you can raise a question. It depends on the type of connection. Examples: “We couldn’t get instructions on time (why?) because we were very tired and went home early”, “When I need help, I will turn to the right sources (when?)”.

Link in a phrase

Useful video: what are complex sentences

Means of subordination

The parts of the sentence are connected with the help of subordinating conjunctions: while, how, if, so, since, as if, and many others. Each union expresses a certain type of relationship that differs in meaning.

Sometimes, to connect the main and dependent parts, other language means are used - allied words, which include:

• relative: who, what, what, etc.;
• relative pronominal adverbs: why, how, when, etc.

Allied words and conjunctions that express different semantic relationships are presented in the table:

Union and allied word are elements that connect parts of a complex sentence. In a schematic representation, the union belongs to the subordinate clause, it is not a member of the sentence.

Attention! The union word not only connects two structural element, but also plays a syntactic role in the subordinate clause.

For example: "There are no such events that could be changed." In this example, the word "which" is not a conjunction, but a union word.

Types of subordination

In a complex sentence, there may be not one, but several dependent parts. They connect with each other different ways. Depending on this, the following types of subordination are distinguished:

• homogeneous;
• parallel;
• sequential;
• combined.

Each type has its own characteristics and differs from the rest in certain characteristics.

Kinds subordination

Homogeneous and parallel

A homogeneous bond is formed under the condition that all dependent parts belong to the main part or belong to the same type. For example: "It seemed to me that I see the day, that I hear strange sounds, that I feel cold."

Three subordinate clauses in this example answer one question and belong to the main one on the same basis. They belong to the same word and belong to the same species. In this case, all dependent elements are of the same type and answer the same question.

Parallel subordination occurs in constructions in which one of the homogeneous conditions is not met.

For example, clauses can refer to the same word but answer different questions. For example: “When I finished reading the book, it was difficult to understand (when? What?) what exactly I felt for its heroes”, “When a storm was raging outside the window, I read a book (when?, what?), Which told about story that happened to the children when they were relaxing in the forest with their parents.

Homogeneous connection

Sequential and combined

Sequential subordination is the relationship in the sentence, in which the dependent parts are interconnected by a "chain", i.e. i.e. each next element depends on the previous one. They are defined as adjectives of varying degrees. For example: “Maxim saw a movie (what?), Where the actor (what?) Played, whom he loved (when?), When he was a child (what?), Who was in love with pictures about heroes.”

In this example, the second clause depends on the first, the third on the second, and the fourth on the third. Questions in such sentences are asked sequentially from one part to the next. They can be different and express different semantic relationships.

In combined subordination, all types of subordination are used: parallel, sequential, homogeneous are mixed. This is typical for long structures with large quantity dependent. For example: “Yesterday I was so tired that I couldn’t understand whether my head hurts from the weather, or from the blockage at work.” In this example, two types of communication are used: sequential and homogeneous submission.

Note! In order to determine the type of connection, diagrams and symbols are used for main members, arrows for questions, and brackets to indicate the beginning and end of dependent elements.

NGN with combined subordination

Punctuation marks

In NGN, the position of the subordinate clause can be different:

• is after the main clause;
• on both sides "surrounded" by the main one;
• located in front of the main.

The adjective is always separated by commas.

Useful video: punctuation marks in SSP and types of SSP

For the correct formulation and presentation of their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in written speech. If in life we ​​often use simple designs, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of communication. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

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Classification

What types of communication proposals used in Russian :

• coordinative with and without unions, when the components syntactic construction are independent, equal with respect to each other;
• subordination, unionless and allied, when one part of the structure is the main one, and the second is dependent;
• allied, coordinating and subordinating, expressed with the help of coordinating or subordinating unions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical bases. When meeting them, do not be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types connections.

The main types of complex sentences with examples:

1. Unionless.
2. Compound.
3. Complex sentences.
4. Structures with different types of connection.

An example of a unionless relationship: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It should be noted main feature constructions with a coordinative connection. The function of a coordinative connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, it is done with the help of intonation and the use of coordinating unions. Unionless communication can also be used.

How are compound sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The firmament cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts that are connected to each other in different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connection are built and grouped. Often, sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without union or with the help of a coordinating connection, while each of the parts represents a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts can have different semantic meanings, according to this feature complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Determinants

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main clause. Join with and : where, from where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main or after it. Questions can be posed to them: what?, whose?

Examples:

How painfully hot in those hours when noon hung in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who thought, not noticing anything around.

Explanatory

They refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (to reflect), feelings (to be sad), speech (answered, said), in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, to clarify, to supplement. They also include demonstrative words - that, that, that, to which the dependent clause is attached. Connected by unions what, to, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that the girlfriend's parents are not particularly smart, and thought out a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove several times with his cart around the yard until he found the hut.

circumstantial

They are related to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of attaching to the main word:

• time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary unions are used for communication: when, until what time (When it was about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
• places, talking about the place, are connected with the main word by allied words-adverbs: where, where, from where (Leaves, wherever you look, were yellow or golden);
• conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if ..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
• degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I in question, you can put questions to them: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
• goals, they tell what goal the action pursues and is connected by target unions: so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
• reasons, union is used for joining - because(He did not complete the task because he fell ill);
• the manner of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating unions: as if, as if, exactly (the Forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
• consequences serve to clarify the result of an action, you can ask them a question - as a result of what? Join the union - so(The snow shone brighter in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
• concessions, unions are used to join them: let it, although, despite. Allied words can be used (how, how much) with a particle neither (No matter how hard you try, nothing will work without knowledge and skills).

Building offer schemes

Let's take a look at what an offer scheme is. This is a graphic showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to draw up schemes of sentences, which include two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's turn to examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complex sentences can consist of several accessory parts, which have different relationships with each other.

There are the following types of offer links:

• homogeneous or associative;
• parallel (centralized);
• sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized the following signs:

• all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the whole main thing or to one of the words;
• subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, answer one question;
• coordinating unions are connected or unionless communication is used;
• intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and offer linear schemes:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a coolness swept by with a light breath (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word in the main part:

It is not known where she lived (1), who she was (2), why a Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the picture (4).

, (where ...), (who ...), (why ...) and (about what ...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses with different values belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When that…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main clause: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places, houses were crowded, which in their color were similar to the surrounding rocks, that one had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which ...), (what ...), (to ...).

Possible and another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, linking with one subordinate clause within another.

At first, the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised his devil so high that nothing could be seen below, and rushed under the very moon so that he could catch it with his hat.

, (when…, (what…), and…), (what…).

The proposals use various punctuation marks:

• comma, example: The final remark of the sister-in-law ended already on the street, where she went on her urgent business;
• semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
• colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
• dash: Thick hazel bushes will block your path, if you hurt yourself on a prickly thorn bush - stubbornly go forward.

consistent

Simple structures are connected to one another in a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk, on which you put your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (on which ...), (when ...).

Determination procedure

What plan determines the types of communication of sentences in a letter. We offer step by step guide suitable for any occasion:

• read the offer carefully;
• highlight all grammatical bases;
• divide the structure into parts and number them;
• find allied words and conjunctions, in their absence, take into account intonation;
• determine the nature of the relationship.

​If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence names the reason for what is being discussed in another, then this is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Attachments can be replaced or participle turnover. Example: In the black sky dotted with myriads of small stars, soundless lightning appeared here and there.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connection

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connection of sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of a proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all constituent parts, highlight the basics, find the main thing and correctly punctuate.

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GIA. Section “Grammar. Syntax". Complex sentences with different types of communication Tkachenko Elena Ivanovna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Secondary School No. 58", Arzamas

Types of connection in a complex sentence allied non-union coordinating subordinative

A coordinative connection is found between parts of a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions: However, but, nevertheless, but, yes (= a, = and), or, and, too, the same, the same, then ... then, either ... or, neither .. . nor. Subordination is found in complex sentences. Subordinating conjunctions are divided into simple and compound. Simple: What, so that, how, when, barely, if, while, although, once, whether, as if, as if, exactly, only, only, as if, as soon as, only, for, so that, if, for the time being, if only , when. Composite: Because, because, so, due to the fact that, due to the fact that; In order to, in order to; As, since; At the time when, since when.

1) I couldn’t fall asleep for a long time, and 2) axes were banging outside the window, 3) because woodcutters arrived in the village. (parts 1 and 2 - allied coordinating connection, coordinating union a; parts 2 and 3 allied subordinating connection, subordinating union because) 1) He thought: 2) winter will end soon, but 3) his teeth were chattering from the cold. (parts 1 and 2 - unionless, 2 and 3 - union writing)

1) The snow was melting, 2) the birds were returning home, and 3) the cold was gradually moving away from the heart. (1 and 2 - union-free connection, 2 and 3 - allied coordinating) 1) So leave unnecessary disputes - 2) I have already proved everything to myself; 3) Only mountains can be better than mountains, 4) Which have not yet been. (1 and 2 - unionless, 2 and 3 - unionless, 3 and 4 - allied subordinating)

Among sentences 32–37, find a complex sentence with an allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (32) At a big break, the director and I, in an empty classroom, began to make our way to Golubkin's conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said: - (34) I came to hand myself over to justice! (35) I didn’t believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed with Vanya’s version. (36) After the lessons, six students, whose works disappeared, rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a triple, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade. 35

In the sentences below from the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating link. She, (1) seemed (2) ready to thank him for another hour, (3) but he turned and ran away. And at the first break it turned out (4) that none of the boys in their class gave anything to the girls. No one. Only in front of Lena Popova were tender branches of mimosa. - Where did you get the flowers from? the teacher asked. “Vitya gave me this,” (5) Lena said calmly. Everyone immediately whispered, (6) looking at Vitya, (7) and Vitya lowered his head low. 3, 7

Among sentences 12–23, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) Sergeeva is a theater artist, a young and beautiful woman. (13) And Alice asked the guy an “adult” question: - (14) Do you love her? - (15) No, - the guy smiled. - (16) I once saved her. (17) In our city, the theater was then on tour with us. (18) It was in the spring, at the end of March. (19) The guys were sledding along the river. (20) Sergeeva also wanted to ride. (21) The guys gave her a sled. (22) She sat down and drove off, the sleigh accidentally drove onto the ice, which was thin and fragile, and a minute later Sergeeva found herself in icy water. (23) The guys screamed, but I was not far away and heard. 22

Among sentences 26–32, find a complex sentence with an allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (26) Tears flowed down the cheeks of the sailors, who more than once looked death in the face. (27) 3 having valued courage, the sailors saw the fortitude of the Leningrad schoolchildren. (28) The cruiser was preparing to go into battle, from which not everyone would return, and in these guys there was spiritualized hope itself. (29) Saying goodbye to the children, the team lined up. (30) The guys began to present gifts that they brought with them. (31) Taking a cloth pouch from the girl’s hands, the foreman, on whose chest there were two military orders, said: “I accept the third award of the Motherland.” (32) Sailors knew the price of courage. 28

In the sentence below, from the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down a number indicating a comma between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating link. He sat all in the same place, (1) near the foot of the bed, (2) and, (3) when someone leaned over him, (4) with formidable impotence he put forward a jagged claw. one

In the sentences below from the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating link. – I just wanted to know (1) why she howls. She feels bad, (2) right? - You're right, (3) she feels bad. Yanka used to walk during the day, (4) and I'm at work. Here comes my wife, (5) and everything will be all right. 3,4,5

Among sentences 5-12, find a non-union complex sentence. Write the number of this offer. (5) First, the nickname. (6) His name was Borozhai. (7) Find another dog on earth that has such a ridiculous name! (8) Secondly, my dog ​​was obscenely cowardly. (9) As soon as one of the guys growled menacingly, my Borozhay squealed like a woman, squatted low and, dodging, scrabbled from all legs to a mocking hoot. (10) And at that moment I was ready to fall through the ground. (11) Look at Tolik Karbyshev's dog, so dog! (12) 3 Thunder will come, he will look - so the trembling goes up to the very heels. 12

Among sentences 18–25, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (18) I told everyone in the city how good it is here: now the hostesses will not fight off the guests, my hand is light. (19) Starting from Sunday, more and more summer residents began to come to the village. (20) The hostesses were seized by a fever of profit, and prices tripled, and since the people were driving, they began to grab without any conscience. (21) Somehow a neighbor came to Polikarpovna. (22) During the conversation, she casually asked how much she rents out housing, and when she heard the answer, she opened her eyes in surprise: - (23) Yes, you, grandmother, are completely crazy! (24) I have one, he will tear you off with his hands for a hundred. (25) Now they take one and a half hundred, two hundred each! eighteen

Among sentences 23–26, find complex sentences with non-union and allied coordinating links between parts. Write the numbers of these proposals. (23) But one day something happened that is still talked about in our places. (24) The plank shed caught fire at the neighbors. (25) They managed to bring out the cows, and the calf in the farthest cage was closed - you can’t get close. (26) Heat, smoke, he, poor fellow, no longer mumbles, but groans, everyone is sorry, but you can’t climb into the fire. 25, 26

In the sentences below from the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinating relationship. -Thank you, (1) - said Nazarov, (2) - but I didn’t come for that. My father is sick. We arrived in Moscow, (3) but in Moscow I only know you, (4) and I wanted to ask, (5) can we stay with you for a week? - No, (6) no, (7) - Sergeyeva said hastily. - This is inconvenient, (8) because I have a very small apartment. 5, 8

Among sentences 12–16, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) The kingdom of toys reflected in its own way real world, without humiliating anyone, but elevating me. (13) By the diminutiveness of their toys, they emphasized that they were created, as it were, to obey me. (14) And to completely host - I realized even then - it’s very pleasant. (15) I controlled the routes of cars and trains, the habits and actions of the animals that I was afraid of in my life. (16) I dominated, commanded - they were wordless, silent, and I secretly thought that it would be good to continue to treat others in this way. sixteen

Among sentences 29–33, find a complex sentence with different types of connection (non-union and allied subordinating) between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (29) I’m not like that, I’m on business ... (30) In this is her “People around!” so much faith and optimism that everyone somehow becomes better, brighter ... (31) It is incomprehensible to travel half of Russia, more than five thousand kilometers, without a ticket and without money, and return in the same way. (32) But they believe her. (33) Her face, eyes and smile glow with friendliness, she is so sincere - all outward that she simply cannot be trusted. 33

References Open bank of tasks GIA-9 // FIPI website http://www.fipi.ru/ Trosnetsova L.A., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. Russian language. Grade 9 M.: Education, 2013.