OFFER

Offer - this is a word or a group of words that are related in meaning, from one word to another, you can put a question. The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is capitalized, and the sentence ends with a period, exclamation mark, or question mark.

Every sentence is said with a purpose.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks for something.

incentive offer - this is a sentence that encourages action, advises or asks to do something.

By intonation offers are exclamatory and non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. An exclamation mark (!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without a strong feeling. A non-exclamatory sentence ends with a period (.) or a question mark (?).

The offer has main and secondary members.

The main members of the proposal is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - this is the main member of the sentence, which names who or what the sentence is talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is underlined with one line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which indicates what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what do they do? what will do? What did you do? what will he do? The predicate is underlined by two lines.

Members of the proposal

Main
Examples	Information
	Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, has a certain sign. Answers the questions: Who? What?
	Predicate - the main member of the sentence, which names the action, state or sign of the subject. Answers the questions: What is he doing? What? What? Who it?
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples	Information
	Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object. Answers questions of indirect cases.
	Definition- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes a sign of the subject. Answers the questions: Which? Whose?
	Circumstance- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes time, place, mode of action. Answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? And How?

Offers

1. Role in language	Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases	Simple - one base, complex - two or more grammatical bases.
4. Types of sentences for the purpose of the statement	Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (incitement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation	Exclamatory, in which the thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and non-exclamatory.
6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members	Common (besides the main members, there are also minor ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity	May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing a sentence

Parsing Order

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.

4. Determine the type of offer by structure:

a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);

b) widespread or non-common;

c) complete or incomplete (indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it);

d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).

5. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are disassembled, then the secondary members related to them).

6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing Samples

1) My fire in the fog shines(A. K. Tolstoy).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated. Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my, expressed possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition in.

A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.
2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, they smell good cherry orchards (Sholokhov).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by participial turnover. Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action well expressed in an adverb.

A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

When working with various texts, many need to parse a sentence according to its composition. The implementation of such an analysis usually implies that a person has the appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services in the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After a thorough study of the rules for parsing different offers In terms of composition, I decided to present all my achievements in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case, is called "sentence parsing".

At the same time, the specified parsing (in school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

• Decide which sentence to be analyzed according to the purpose of his statement (declarative, interrogative, or has an incentive character);
• Indicate the emotional coloring of the sentence (it is exclamatory or not exclamatory);
• Mark the number of grammatical bases in this sentence (if the sentence is simple - then one basis, if complex - two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Simple sentence example:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

After parsing, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - allied or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
• Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-union, compound, compound.

Complex sentence example:

"There were roses and lilies in the bouquet, but she liked tulips more."

After syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence has a narrative character, is not exclamatory, complex, has allied connection, compound. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “roses and lilies were”, it is common, and complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “I liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for parsing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures, and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for parsing text, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for conducting a full-fledged parsing offers. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for online semantic analysis (de facto, they are practically not represented), I would single out the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its work.

1. To work with this service, go to the site seosin.ru.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate box, and click on "Analyze".

Lexisrex.com

lovers in English the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities allow you to analyze the proposal by its members. At the same time, this site also has other auxiliary tools for the implementation various kinds linguistic analysis online.

1. To access this resource, please log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate box and click on the "Analyze" button.

Forums of linguists

In syntactic parsing of a sentence online, you can turn to the help of the "human factor" and go to various forums of linguists (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow analysis of proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools on the web (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the right suggestions, and parsing online.

In contact with

To correctly punctuate, you need to clearly understand the structure of the sentence. Syntactic analysis, that is, analysis of the sentence by members, is intended to help to understand it. Our article is devoted to the syntactic analysis of the sentence.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the relationship of words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article, we will talk about how to parse a sentence, not a phrase, although it is often asked at school to do it too.

Why is parsing a sentence necessary?

The syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to correctly punctuate. In addition, it helps to understand the relationship of words within a phrase. In the course of syntactic analysis, as a rule, a sentence is characterized, all members of the sentence are determined and it is displaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used in relation to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only underlines the members of the sentence.

Members of the proposal

Among the members of the proposal, the main ones are always distinguished first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical basis, it simple, more than one complicated.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case, we say that the sentence one-component. If both main terms are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in the sentence, it is called uncommon. AT widespread the sentence also has secondary members: addition, definition, circumstance; application is a special case of definition.

if the sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, an appeal), it is still considered non-common.

When parsing, it is necessary to name the part of speech that expresses one or another member of the sentence. The guys work out this skill by studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you must specify it, you must describe it.

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer a proposal characterization plan.

For the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any for the purpose of the statement of the proposal, and not just incentives.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-part or two-part.

If the proposal is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, impersonal.

By the presence of secondary members: widespread or non-common.

If the proposal is complicated by something, then this must also be indicated. This is the parsing plan for the sentence; better to stick with it.

Complicated sentence

The sentence can be complicated by appeal, introductory and plug-in constructions, homogeneous members, isolated members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then it is necessary to indicate that the sentence is complicated, and write with what.

for example, sentence “Guys, let's live together!” complicated by the appeal "guys".

If the sentence is complex

If it is necessary to analyze a complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex and determine its type: allied or non-union, and if allied, then also compound or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence / absence of secondary members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Minor terms can be expressed different parts speech, for example definition:

woolen skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

skirt ironed- participle;

winning habit- infinitive...

An example of parsing a sentence

Let's analyze the offer “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: I knew and you moved . Let's define parts of speech: knew- the predicate is expressed by the verb in a personal form, etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; where? to the city is also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the proposal.

Now let's give characteristic. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, complex.

The first part of "did not know" is incomplete, not widespread.

The second part is two-part, common. Complicated by handling.

At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to draw up a scheme of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is intended to help understand the structure of a sentence, so everything that can be associated with it must be indicated. It is better to carry out the analysis according to the plan, then there are more chances that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to determine the parts of speech, and to characterize the sentence.

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Instruction

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence by members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two - with a wavy line, the addition - with a dotted line, and the circumstance - with an alternation of dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also required to indicate the links between the members of the sentence and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS), or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, mode of action, measure and degree or adjunctive) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or incentive), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-union). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (common or non-common), by the presence of missing main members ( full or ), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis in the same way, but for each of its parts separately.

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Related article

The scheme of the proposal is not just a whim of the teachers. It allows you to better understand the structure of the sentence, to determine its specifics, and finally, to parse it faster. Any scheme is first of all visibility; agree that when you are dealing, for example, with Lev Nikolaevich, visibility is very necessary for understanding the proposal.

Instruction

You need to start by determining which members of the sentence are words. First determine the subject and predicate - the grammatical basis. So you will already have a well-defined "stove" from which you can "dance". Then we distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, given that they are all divided into a subject and a predicate group. In the first group, in the second - addition and circumstance. Keep in mind that some words are not members of a sentence (for example, conjunctions, interjections, introductory and plug-in constructions), but also so that several words at once all together make up one member of the sentence (participles and participial phrases).

Chart suggestions Explain punctuation marks.

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Morphemic analysis the words - analysis by composition, definition and selection of significant derivational parts of the word. Morphemic analysis precedes derivational - determining how the word appeared.

Instruction

With syntactic analysis e simple sentence stands out (subject and predicate). Then the type of sentence is determined according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring (exclamatory or). After that, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence according to its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by members (common or non-common), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, simple can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

With syntactic analysis For a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence for the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (allied or non-union). If the connection is allied, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the union: compound. If the sentence is compound, then it is necessary to find out what kind of conjunction the parts of the sentence are connected with: connecting, dividing or adversative. In a complex subordinate, the main and subordinate clause, a means of communication of the clause with the main, the question that the clause answers, type. If a difficult sentence is non-union, then the semantic relationships between simple sentences are determined and the punctuation mark is explained. It is also necessary to draw a proposal scheme.

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Tip 6: How to define a vaguely personal sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a prompt, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either the subject or the predicate.

Instruction

All verbal one-part sentences have a predicate but no subject. Moreover, in a definite personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action refers to a specific person: “I love books”, “Find the right solution”, “Take care, and honor from a young age”.

The verb can be in the form of the first or second person singular or indicative or imperative. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns "I", "we"; second person - from the pronouns "you", "you". The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.