The estate of the landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. spring, bloom cherry trees . But beautiful garden soon to be sold for debts. For the past five years, Ranevskaya and her seventeen-year-old daughter Anya have lived abroad. Ranevskaya's brother Leonid Andreevich Gaev and her adopted daughter, twenty-four-year-old Varya, remained on the estate. Ranevskaya's affairs are bad, there are almost no funds left. Lyubov Andreevna always littered with money. Six years ago, her husband died of alcoholism. Ranevskaya fell in love with another person, got along with him. But soon her little son Grisha died tragically by drowning in the river. Lyubov Andreevna, unable to bear her grief, fled abroad. The lover followed her. When he fell ill, Ranevskaya had to settle him at her dacha near Menton and take care of him for three years. And then, when he had to sell the dacha for debts and move to Paris, he robbed and abandoned Ranevskaya.

Gaev and Varya meet Lyubov Andreevna and Anya at the station. At home, the maid Dunyasha and the familiar merchant Yermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin are waiting for them. Lopakhin's father was a serf of the Ranevskys, he himself got rich, but he says about himself that he remained "a man a man." The clerk Epikhodov arrives, a man with whom something constantly happens and who is called "twenty-two misfortunes."

Finally, the carriages arrive. The house is filled with people, all in a pleasant excitement. Everyone speaks about his own. Lyubov Andreevna looks around the rooms and through tears of joy recalls the past. Maid Dunyasha can't wait to tell the young lady that Epikhodov proposed to her. Anya herself advises Varya to marry Lopakhin, and Varya dreams of marrying Anya to a rich man. The governess Charlotte Ivanovna, a strange and eccentric person, boasts of her amazing dog, the neighbor landowner Simeonov-Pishchik asks for a loan. He hears almost nothing and all the time mutters something old faithful servant Firs.

Lopakhin reminds Ranevskaya that the estate should soon be sold at auction, the only way out is to break the land into plots and lease them to summer residents. Lopakhin's proposal surprises Ranevskaya: how can you cut down her favorite wonderful cherry orchard! Lopakhin wants to stay longer with Ranevskaya, whom he loves "more than his own," but it's time for him to leave. Gaev delivers a welcoming speech to the hundred-year-old "respected" closet, but then, embarrassed, again begins to senselessly pronounce his favorite billiard words.

Ranevskaya did not immediately recognize Petya Trofimov: so he changed, became uglier, the “dear student” turned into an “eternal student”. Lyubov Andreevna cries, remembering her little drowned son Grisha, whose teacher was Trofimov.

Gaev, left alone with Varya, tries to talk about business. There is a rich aunt in Yaroslavl, who, however, does not like them: after all, Lyubov Andreevna did not marry a nobleman, and she did not behave "very virtuously." Gaev loves his sister, but still calls her "vicious", which causes Ani's displeasure. Gaev continues to build projects: his sister will ask Lopakhin for money, Anya will go to Yaroslavl - in a word, they will not allow the estate to be sold, Gaev even swears about it. The grouchy Firs finally takes the master, like a child, to sleep. Anya is calm and happy: her uncle will arrange everything.

Lopakhin does not cease to persuade Ranevskaya and Gaev to accept his plan. The three of them had lunch in the city and, returning, stopped in a field near the chapel. Just here, on the same bench, Epikhodov tried to explain himself to Dunyasha, but she already preferred the young cynical footman Yasha to him. Ranevskaya and Gaev do not seem to hear Lopakhin and talk about completely different things. So without convincing “frivolous, unbusinesslike, strange” people of anything, Lopakhin wants to leave. Ranevskaya asks him to stay: with him "it's still more fun."

Anya, Varya and Petya Trofimov arrive. Ranevskaya starts talking about a "proud man." According to Trofimov, there is no point in pride: a rude, unhappy person should not admire himself, but work. Petya condemns the intelligentsia, who are incapable of work, those people who philosophize importantly, and treat peasants like animals. Lopakhin enters the conversation: he just works “from morning to evening”, dealing with big capital, but he is becoming more and more convinced of how few decent people are around. Lopakhin does not finish, Ranevskaya interrupts him. In general, everyone here does not want and does not know how to listen to each other. There is silence, in which the distant, sad sound of a broken string is heard.

Soon everyone disperses. Left alone, Anya and Trofimov are happy to have the opportunity to talk together, without Varya. Trofimov convinces Anya that one must be “above love”, that the main thing is freedom: “all of Russia is our garden”, but in order to live in the present, one must first redeem the past with suffering and labor. Happiness is near: if not they, then others will definitely see it.

Comes the twenty-second of August, the day of trading. It is on this evening, quite inopportunely, that a ball is being held in the estate, a Jewish orchestra is invited. Once upon a time generals and barons danced here, and now, as Firs complains, both the postal official and the head of the station "are not willing to go." Charlotte Ivanovna entertains guests with her tricks. Ranevskaya anxiously awaits the return of her brother. The Yaroslavl aunt nevertheless sent fifteen thousand, but they are not enough to buy the estate.

Petya Trofimov “reassures” Ranevskaya: it’s not about the garden, it’s been over for a long time, we need to face the truth. Lyubov Andreevna asks not to condemn her, to feel sorry for her: after all, without a cherry orchard, her life loses its meaning. Every day Ranevskaya receives telegrams from Paris. At first she tore them up right away, then - after reading them first, now she doesn't vomit anymore. "That wild man", whom she still loves, begs her to come. Petya condemns Ranevskaya for her love for "a petty scoundrel, a nonentity." Angry Ranevskaya, unable to restrain herself, takes revenge on Trofimov, calling him a “funny eccentric”, “freak”, “clean”: “You must love yourself ... you must fall in love!” Petya tries to leave in horror, but then stays, dancing with Ranevskaya, who asked for his forgiveness.

Finally, the embarrassed, joyful Lopakhin and the tired Gaev appear, who, without saying anything, immediately goes to his room. The Cherry Orchard was sold and Lopakhin bought it. The "new landowner" is happy: he managed to beat the rich Deriganov at the auction, giving ninety thousand in excess of the debt. Lopakhin picks up the keys thrown on the floor by the proud Varya. Let the music play, let everyone see how Yermolai Lopakhin “suffices the cherry orchard with an ax”!

Anya comforts her crying mother: the garden has been sold, but there is a whole life ahead. Will new garden, more luxurious than this, "quiet deep joy" awaits them ...

The house is empty. Its inhabitants, having said goodbye to each other, disperse. Lopakhin is going to Kharkov for the winter, Trofimov returns to Moscow, to the university. Lopakhin and Petya exchange barbs. Although Trofimov calls Lopakhin a "predatory beast", necessary "in the sense of metabolism", he still loves in him "a tender, subtle soul." Lopakhin offers Trofimov money for the journey. He refuses: over the "free man", "in the forefront going" to the "higher happiness", no one should have power.

Ranevskaya and Gaev even cheered up after the sale of the cherry orchard. Previously, they were worried, suffering, but now they have calmed down. Ranevskaya is going to live in Paris for the time being on the money sent by her aunt. Anya is inspired: it starts new life- she will finish the gymnasium, will work, read books, "a new wonderful world" will open before her. Simeonov-Pishchik suddenly appears out of breath and, instead of asking for money, on the contrary, distributes debts. It turned out that on his land the British found white clay.

Everyone settled down differently. Gaev says that now he is a bank servant. Lopakhin promises to find a new job for Charlotte, Varya got a job as a housekeeper to the Ragulins, Epikhodov, hired by Lopakhin, remains on the estate, Firs must be sent to the hospital. But still, Gaev sadly says: “Everyone is leaving us ... we suddenly became unnecessary.”

Between Varya and Lopakhin, an explanation must finally occur. For a long time, Varya has been teased by "Madame Lopakhina." Varya likes Yermolai Alekseevich, but she herself cannot propose. Lopakhin, who also speaks well of Vara, agrees to "put an end immediately" to this matter. But when Ranevskaya arranges their meeting, Lopakhin, without deciding, leaves Varia, using the very first pretext.

“Time to go! On the road! - with these words, they leave the house, locking all the doors. All that remains is old Firs, whom everyone seemed to take care of, but whom they forgot to send to the hospital. Firs, sighing that Leonid Andreevich went in a coat, and not in a fur coat, lies down to rest and lies motionless. The same sound of a broken string is heard. "There is silence, and only one can hear how far in the garden they knock on wood with an ax."

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

The estate of the landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. Spring, cherry trees bloom. But the beautiful garden is soon to be sold for debts. For the past five years, Ranevskaya and her seventeen-year-old daughter Anya have lived abroad. Ranevskaya's brother Leonid Andreevich Gaev and her adopted daughter, twenty-four-year-old Varya, remained on the estate. Ranevskaya's affairs are bad, there are almost no funds left. Lyubov Andreevna always littered with money. Six years ago, her husband died of alcoholism. Ranevskaya fell in love with another person, got along with him. But soon her little son Grisha died tragically by drowning in the river. Lyubov Andreevna, unable to bear her grief, fled abroad. The lover followed her. When he fell ill, Ranevskaya had to settle him in her dacha near Menton and take care of him for three years. And then, when he had to sell the dacha for debts and move to Paris, he robbed and abandoned Ranevskaya.

Gaev and Varya meet Lyubov Andreevna and Anya at the station. At home, the maid Dunyasha and the familiar merchant Yermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin are waiting for them. Lopakhin's father was a serf of the Ranevskys, he himself got rich, but he says about himself that he remained "a man a man." The clerk Epikhodov arrives, a man with whom something constantly happens and who is nicknamed "thirty-three misfortunes."

Finally, the carriages arrive. The house is filled with people, all in a pleasant excitement. Everyone speaks about his own. Lyubov Andreevna looks around the rooms and through tears of joy recalls the past. Maid Dunyasha can't wait to tell the young lady that Epikhodov proposed to her. Anya herself advises Varya to marry Lopakhin, and Varya dreams of marrying Anya to a rich man. The governess Charlotte Ivanovna, a strange and eccentric person, boasts of her amazing dog, a neighbor, the landowner Simeonov-Pishik, asks for a loan. He hears almost nothing and all the time mutters something old faithful servant Firs.

Lopakhin reminds Ranevskaya that the estate should soon be sold at auction, the only way out is to break the land into plots and lease them to summer residents. Lopakhin's proposal surprises Ranevskaya: how can you cut down her favorite wonderful cherry orchard!

Lopakhin wants to stay longer with Ranevskaya, whom he loves "more than his own," but it's time for him to leave. Gaev delivers a welcoming speech to the hundred-year-old "respected" closet, but then, embarrassed, again begins to senselessly pronounce his favorite billiard words.

Ranevskaya did not immediately recognize Petya Trofimov: so he changed, became uglier, the “dear student” turned into an “eternal student”. Lyubov Andreevna cries, remembering her little drowned son Grisha, whose teacher was Trofimov.

Gaev, left alone with Varya, tries to talk about business. There is a rich aunt in Yaroslavl, who, however, does not like them: after all, Lyubov Andreevna did not marry a nobleman, and she did not behave “very virtuously”. Gaev loves his sister, but still calls her "vicious", which causes Ani's displeasure. Gaev continues to build projects: his sister will ask Lopakhin for money, Anya will go to Yaroslavl - in a word, they will not allow the estate to be sold, Gaev even swears about it. The grouchy Firs finally takes the master, like a child, to sleep. Anya is calm and happy: her uncle will arrange everything.

Lopakhin does not cease to persuade Ranevskaya and Gaev to accept his plan. The three of them had lunch in the city and, returning, stopped in a field near the chapel. Just here, on the same bench, Epikhodov tried to explain himself to Dunyasha, but she already preferred the young cynical footman Yasha to him. Ranevskaya and Gaev do not seem to hear Lopakhin and talk about completely different things. So without convincing “frivolous, unbusinesslike, strange” people of anything, Lopakhin wants to leave. Ranevskaya asks him to stay: with him "it's still more fun."

Anya, Varya and Petya Trofimov arrive. Ranevskaya starts talking about a "proud man." According to Trofimov, there is no point in pride: a rude, unhappy person should not admire himself, but work. Petya condemns the intelligentsia, who are incapable of work, those people who philosophize importantly, and treat peasants like animals. Lopakhin enters the conversation: he just works “from morning to evening”, dealing with big capital, but he is becoming more and more convinced of how few decent people are around. Lopakhin does not finish, Ranevskaya interrupts him. In general, everyone here does not want and does not know how to listen to each other. There is silence, in which the distant, sad sound of a broken string is heard.

Soon everyone disperses. Left alone, Anya and Trofimov are happy to have the opportunity to talk together, without Varya. Trofimov convinces Anya that one must be “above love”, that the main thing is freedom: “all of Russia is our garden”, but in order to live in the present, one must first redeem the past with suffering and labor. Happiness is near: if not they, then others will definitely see it.

Comes the twenty-second of August, the day of trading. It is on this evening, quite inopportunely, that a ball is being held in the estate, a Jewish orchestra is invited. Once upon a time generals and barons danced here, and now, as Firs complains, both the postal official and the head of the station "are not willing to go." Charlotte Ivanovna entertains guests with her tricks. Ranevskaya anxiously awaits the return of her brother. The Yaroslavl aunt nevertheless sent fifteen thousand, but they are not enough to buy the estate.

Petya Trofimov "reassures" Ranevskaya: it's not about the garden, it's been over for a long time, we need to face the truth. Lyubov Andreevna asks not to condemn her, to feel sorry for her: after all, without a cherry orchard, her life loses its meaning. Every day Ranevskaya receives telegrams from Paris. At first she tore them up immediately, then - after reading them first, now she doesn't vomit anymore. "That wild man", whom she still loves, begs her to come. Petya condemns Ranevskaya for her love for "a petty scoundrel, a nonentity." Angry Ranevskaya, unable to restrain herself, takes revenge on Trofimov, calling him a “funny eccentric”, “freak”, “clean”: “You must love yourself ... you must fall in love!” Petya tries to leave in horror, but then stays, dancing with Ranevskaya, who asked for his forgiveness.

Finally, the embarrassed, joyful Lopakhin and the tired Gaev appear, who, without saying anything, immediately goes to his room. The Cherry Orchard was sold and Lopakhin bought it. The "new landowner" is happy: he managed to beat the rich Deriganov at the auction, giving ninety thousand in excess of the debt. Lopakhin picks up the keys thrown on the floor by the proud Varya. Let the music play, let everyone see how Yermolai Lopakhin “suffices the cherry orchard with an ax”!

Anya comforts her crying mother: the garden has been sold, but there is a whole life ahead. There will be a new garden, more luxurious than this, “quiet deep joy” awaits them ...
The house is empty. Its inhabitants, having said goodbye to each other, disperse. Lopakhin is going to Kharkov for the winter, Trofimov returns to Moscow, to the university. Lopakhin and Petya exchange barbs. Although Trofimov calls Lopakhin a "predatory beast", necessary "in the sense of metabolism", he still loves in him "a tender, subtle soul." Lopakhin offers Trofimov money for the journey. He refuses: over the "free man", "in the forefront going" to the "higher happiness", no one should have power.

Ranevskaya and Gaev even cheered up after the sale of the cherry orchard. Previously, they were worried, suffering, but now they have calmed down. Ranevskaya is going to live in Paris for the time being on the money sent by her aunt. Anya is inspired: a new life begins - she will finish the gymnasium, she will work, read books, "a new wonderful world" will open before her. Simeonov-Pishchik suddenly appears out of breath and, instead of asking for money, on the contrary, distributes debts. It turned out that the British found white clay on his land.

Everyone settled down differently. Gaev says that now he is a bank servant. Lopakhin promises to find a new job for Charlotte, Varya got a job as a housekeeper to the Ragulins, Epikhodov, hired by Lopakhin, remains on the estate, Firs must be sent to the hospital. But still, Gaev sadly says: “Everyone is leaving us ... we suddenly became unnecessary.”

Between Varya and Lopakhin, an explanation must finally occur. For a long time, Varya has been teased by "Madame Lopakhina." Varya likes Yermolai Alekseevich, but she herself cannot propose. Lopakhin, who also speaks well of Vara, agrees to "put an end immediately" to this matter. But when Ranevskaya arranges their meeting, Lopakhin, without deciding, leaves Varia, using the very first pretext.

“Time to go! On the road! - with these words, they leave the house, locking all the doors. All that remains is old Firs, whom everyone seemed to take care of, but whom they forgot to send to the hospital. Firs, sighing that Leonid Andreevich went in a coat, and not in a fur coat, lies down to rest and lies motionless. The same sound of a broken string is heard. "There is silence, and only one can hear how far in the garden they knock on wood with an ax."

The material was provided by the Internet portal briefly.ru, compiled by E. V. Novikova

HISTORY OF CREATION

Time of creation of the work. The play was written at the very beginning of the 20th century (1903), during a period of reassessment and rethinking of established values ​​and old traditions. Three "revolutions" of the 19th century prepared a sense of catastrophe, which was described in art and felt by contemporaries: biological (Darwinism), economic (Marxism) and philosophical (Nietzsche's teaching).

« The Cherry Orchard"- the last play by A. Chekhov. This is a symbolic farewell of the writer to life. He created it as an epilogue to own life and as an epilogue to Russian literature - the golden age of classical Russian literature was actually ending, the silver age was beginning. The work contains elements of both tragedy (a metaphor for the end of life) and comedy (the characters are depicted in a parody). The main event in the life of theater in Moscow. The play "The Cherry Orchard" was Chekhov's first absolute success as a playwright. It was written in 1903, and already in January 1904 the first production took place at the Moscow Art Theater.

This work formed the basis of a new drama. It was Chekhov who first realized that the old theatrical techniques were outdated. The nature of the conflict, the characters, Chekhov's dramaturgy - all this was unexpected and new. There are many conventions (symbols) in the play, and they should be interpreted based on the author's definition of the genre - "comedy in four steps". This play has become a classic of the Russian theater and still remains relevant. It manifested the artistic discoveries of the playwright, which marked the beginning of modernism in the literature and dramaturgy of Russia. At the end of the piece, the ax is knocked and the string is broken. Chekhov says goodbye to the old Russian life, and to the landowner's estate, and to the Russian landowner. But, above all, it is imbued with the mood of the writer's farewell to life.

At the end of the play, all its characters leave, forgetting in closed house the old servant of Firs - they all have no time for him. Both kind Petya and romantic Anya forgot about Firs. Chekhov's innovation. The play does not have a main character. If in the classical drama the hero manifested himself in actions, then in Chekhov's - the characters manifest and reveal themselves in experiences (the pathos of action was replaced by the pathos of reflection). The author actively uses remarks that form the subtext: silence, silence, pause. New form conflict: “People are having lunch, drinking tea, and at this time their destinies are broken” (A. Chekhov).

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WHY THE PLAY IS NAMED "THE CHERRY ORDER"

The central image of the play is displayed in the title of the work. All the action takes place around the cherry orchard: sometimes the events themselves unfold there, the characters constantly talk about it, they try to save it, it unites all the heroes of the work.

The small homeland is a secluded corner of nature, the family nest of Ranevskaya and Gaev, in which they spent their childhood and youth. Such places become part of the person himself. The symbol of beauty is the cherry orchard - something beautiful and delightful, beauty that always affects the souls of people and their emotional condition. The symbol of the passing time is the departure of the nobility from the life of Russia.

Smart and educated people are unable to preserve the garden, that is, their way of life and way of life. In the play, the garden is cut down, but in life, noble nests are disintegrating. "All Russia is our garden." These are the words of one of the characters in the play, Petya Trofimov. The Cherry Orchard is a symbol of the future of Russia, reflections on the fate of the whole country. Will the younger generation be able to raise a new blooming garden? This question remains open in the play.

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GENRE PLAY

The plot is the sale of a cherry orchard, the owners of which are the bankrupt nobles Ranevskaya and Gaev, brother and sister. The new owner of the garden is the merchant Lopakhin, the grandson of a serf who used to work on this estate.

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FEATURES OF THE GENRE

A. Chekhov himself called The Cherry Orchard a comedy not for genre definition. Thus, the author noted that the play should be performed as a comedy. If you play it as a drama or tragedy, you will not get the intended dissonance, and the deep meaning of the work will be lost. In the play, in fact, there are many comedic moments, situations, characters, lines. "The Cherry Orchard" has the structure of a musical work - the play is built on leitmotifs, musical techniques, repetitions are used, the sound of a broken string appears twice. There are many tears in the play, but the author noted that these are not serious tears, you can laugh at them. The funny in Chekhov is intertwined with the sad, the comic with the tragic - everything, as in real life. The characters are like sad clowns. “I didn’t get a drama, but a comedy, in some places even a farce” (A. Chekhov).

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LYUBOV ANDREYEVNA RANEVSKAYA

Once a wealthy noblewoman Ranevskaya traveled to Paris, had a dacha in the south of France, and “generals, barons, admirals danced” at balls in her house. Now the past appears to her as a blooming cherry orchard. She cannot adapt to new conditions - she continues to squander money, showing lordly carelessness in everything. “She is good, kind, glorious…”, says her brother Gaev about her. “She is a good person. Light, simple ... ”, Lopakhin speaks about Ranevskaya. He enthusiastically admits: “My father was a serf with your grandfather and father, but you, in fact, you once did so much for me that I forgot everything and love you like my own ... more than my own.” Ranevskaya is also loved by Anya and Varya, and the landowner-neighbor Simeonov-Pishchik, and Petya Trofimov, and the servants. She is equally affectionate, generous and kind to everyone. But everything positive traits, connecting with carelessness, spoiledness and frivolity, often turn into their opposite - cruelty and indifference. Ranevskaya generously gives gold to a random passerby, but there is nothing to eat at home. Lyubov Andreevna invites an orchestra to the ball, unable to pay the musicians. Frivolity and inability to live independently appeared thanks to the serfs who did all the work on her estate. She says that she cannot live without a cherry orchard, but the orchard has been sold, and she is throwing an inappropriate ball in the house. Ranevskaya is emotional and inconsistent in her actions. In the first act, she resolutely tears, without even reading, the telegrams from Paris. In the future, the heroine no longer does this, and in the finale of the play, calmed and cheered up, she willingly returns to Paris to her former lover, who tormented her, leaving Varya and Anya without money, forgetting about Firs. Love for her is the most important thing in life (the name and surname are not given by chance - the heroine is impressionable, sensitive and vulnerable). At first she assured that Paris was finished forever. But when the Yaroslavl aunt sent money, it turned out that they were not enough to save the estate, but enough to return to Europe. The nobility of Ranevskaya is that she does not blame anyone for the misfortunes that befell her. And no one reproaches Lyubov Andreevna for the fact that she actually led to the complete collapse of the family estate.

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LEONID ANDREEVICH GAEV

Gaev is the embodiment of the image of a miserable aristocrat. He himself admits: "They say that I ate my entire fortune on candy." Gaev can be called an overgrown baby: he is 51 years old, and the lackey, who is already 87, undresses him before going to bed. Leonid Andreevich got used to an idle life. He has two passions - playing billiards and making passionate speeches (it is no coincidence that the surname Gaev is so consonant with the word gaer, which means a jester; the one who clownishes grimaces for the amusement of others). He looks like a parody of an educated nobleman. he has a special speech, replete with billiard terms, a characteristic word - "whom?". Worthlessness, laziness, idle talk and conceit - these are the main features of this personality. Anya says to Gaev: “Everyone loves you, respects you ... How good you are, uncle, how smart!” But Chekhov questions this opinion. Along with the lordly elegance and sensitivity in Gaev, lordly arrogance and arrogance are noticeable. Leonid Andreevich is convinced of the exclusivity of the people of his circle (“white bone”) and every time he makes others feel his position as a gentleman. He is gentle with his relatives, but contemptuously - squeamish with the servants ("Go away, my dear, you smell like chicken," he says to Yasha. "You're tired of you, brother" - to Firs). He considers the “grimy” Lopakhin to be a boor and a fist. But at the same time, Gaev is proud of his closeness to the people, he claims: “It’s not for nothing that a man loves me.” At the beginning of the play, he swears on his honor that the cherry orchard will not be sold. But Lopakhin buys the garden, and no one remembers his empty promises and words. Gaev and Ranevskaya rejected Lopakhin's proposal, but they themselves were unable to save their estate. This is not only the frivolity and impracticality of the ruined nobles, this is the idea that the nobility is not able, as before, to determine the path of the country's development. Their heightened sense of beauty does not allow to make a poetic cherry orchard commercial enterprise. The actions of the characters demonstrate to the viewer that it is impossible to trust the words of the landowners, even sincerely and excitedly. Returning from the auction where the cherry orchard was sold, Gaev does not hide his tears. However, his tears instantly disappear as soon as he hears the blows of the cue. This proves that deep feelings are alien to him.

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The former serf of Gaev and Ranevskaya becomes the new owner of the cherry orchard. In the recent past, his ancestors were serfs who worked on the estate, "grandfather and father were slaves", "they were not even allowed into the kitchen." Lopakhin exclaims: “If my father and grandfather got up from their graves and looked at the whole incident, like their Yermolai, beaten, illiterate Yermolai, who ran barefoot in winter, how this same Yermolai bought an estate, more beautiful than which there is nothing in the world. Yermolai managed to get out of poverty and achieve material well-being without outside help. he has a lot positive traits: he remembers the goodness of Ranevskaya, hardworking (“You know, I get up at five o’clock in the morning, I work from morning to evening ...”), friendly, “a man of the greatest mind,” as Pishchik speaks of him. An enterprising merchant has great energy and acumen. His industriousness and perseverance were formed in difficult living conditions, and they tempered his purposeful nature. Lopakhin lives for today. His ideas are rational and practical. He correctly assesses the position of Ranevskaya and Gaev, gives them a very valuable advice. If they accepted the offer to plant a cherry orchard into summer cottages and rent out land, they could save their estate and get out of a difficult financial situation. The characters have different attitudes towards Lopakhin. Ranevskaya considers him a good, interesting person, Gaev - a boor and a fist, Simeonov-Pishchik a man of great intelligence, and Petya Trofimov compares him with a predatory beast. This contradictory perception of Lopakhin also reflects Chekhov's attitude towards him. A fashionably dressed and successful businessman has no culture and education, and he himself often feels his inferiority. Business acumen corroded spirituality in him (Chekhov notes the predatory nature of capitalism). Contributing to the economic progress of the country, Lopakhins are unlikely to be able to eliminate poverty, injustice, lack of culture, because in the first place they have personal interest, profit and profit. The sound of an ax cutting down a cherry orchard symbolizes the transition from the past to the present. And the future looks great when the younger generation plant and grow their new garden.

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SECONDARY CHARACTERS

The characters of the second plan participate in the play along with the main ones. actors. They often repeat the thoughts of the main characters. In addition, the author put important thoughts for understanding the play into their mouths. Governess Charlotte Ivanovna turns everything serious into funny. With her tricks and ventriloquism, she emphasizes the comedy of what is happening. It is she who owns the phrase that any character could have said: “I don’t know where I come from and who I am ...” The servants Yash and Dunyasha are ridiculous in their desire to be like masters in everything. In fact, these are the images of Ranevskaya and Gaev brought to the grotesque. Dunyasha always powders herself, declares that she "has become tender, so delicate" and is very reminiscent of Ranevskaya. Cheeky Yasha, accusing everyone of ignorance, is a recognizable parody of Gaev. The old servant Firs personifies the "old life", the "old order". He rarely appears in the play, nevertheless he plays a significant role - he is entrusted with the final monologue. In the image of Firs, those features that his owners are deprived of are emphasized: solidity, thriftiness.

Chekhov dislikes Gaev, who has nothing left in his head but the rules of billiards. Lopakhin, a representative of the newly born Russian capitalism, arouses his curiosity. But the author does not accept pragmatic people, it is obvious to him that nothing will come of the self-satisfied Lopakhin. (Everything miraculously settles with non-pragmatic characters: for example, rare white clay was suddenly discovered at Simeonov-Pishchik's estate, and he received money for its rent in advance). Yermolai Lopakhin is waving his arms all the time, Petya gives him advice: “Get out of this habit of waving. And also to build dachas, to expect that individual owners will come out of the dacha owners over time, to count in this way - this also means to wave ... ” Lopakhin has Napoleonic plans, but, according to the author, they are not destined to come true. This is a temporary character, other times will come and the Lopakhins, having done their job, will be transferred. Chekhov's sympathies are on the side of Petya and Anya. The eternal student Trofimov is ridiculous (miserable galoshes, falls down the stairs), but he gets Anya's love.

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PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF RUSSIA

The Cherry Orchard is often called a work about the past, present and future of Russia. The past is Ranevskaya and Gaev. They live in memories, they are not satisfied with the present, and they don’t even want to think about the future. These are educated, refined people, full of inactive love for others. When they are in danger, the heroes behave like children who close their eyes in fear. Therefore, they do not accept Lopakhin's proposals to save the cherry orchard and hope for a miracle, without even trying to change anything. Ranevskaya and Gaev are not capable of being masters of their land. Such people cannot influence the development of their country. The real one is Lopakhin. Smug Lopakhin - bright representative emerging bourgeoisie in Russia. Society places great hopes on people like him. The hero feels himself the master of life. But Lopakhin remained a “man”, unable to understand that the cherry orchard is not only a symbol of beauty, but also a kind of thread connecting the past with the present. You can't cut your roots. And Yermolai recklessly destroys the old, not having built and not having plans to build something new. He cannot become the future of Russia, because he destroys beauty (the cherry orchard) for his own benefit. The future is Petya and Anya. It cannot be said that the future belongs to a 17-year-old girl, only full of strength and desire to do good. Or for the eternal student, the ridiculous “shabby gentleman” (his whole appearance is rather pitiful), who is trying to rebuild life on the basis of only vague ideas. Chekhov does not see a hero in Russian life who would become the real master of the cherry orchard. The question in the play remains open. Chekhov sees that there is no connection between times (a broken string is a symbol of the gap between generations). But Anya and Petya have to look for an answer, because so far there is no one else but them.

Dawn. Outside the window is a blooming cherry orchard.

Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya returns to her estate from Paris with her daughter Anya. The day passes in conversations with family and guests. Everyone is excited by the meeting, they talk without listening to each other.

In a confidential conversation with Varya, Ranevskaya's adopted daughter, Anya learns that the merchant Lopakhin, who is considered Varya's fiancé, never made an offer, and this event is not expected. Anya, on the other hand, complains about the eternal lack of money in Paris and her mother’s misunderstanding of the situation that has arisen: she thoughtlessly scatters the last money, orders the most expensive in restaurants, gives the lackeys a ruble for tea. In response, Varya reports that there is money here too.
no, moreover, the estate will be sold in August.

Petya Trofimov still lives in the estate. This is a student, a former tutor of the late son of Ranevskaya, Grisha, who drowned at the age of seven in the river. Anya, having learned about the presence of Petya, is afraid that the sight of the latter will evoke bitter memories in her mother.

The old footman Firs appears, puts on white gloves and starts setting the table.

Enter Lyubov Andreyevna, her brother Leonid Andreevich Gayev, and Lopakhin. The merchant had to leave at five o'clock, but he so wanted to look at Lyubov Andreevna, to talk to her, she is still just as magnificent.

His father was her father's serf, but she once did so much for him that he forgot everything and loves her more than his own. Ranevskaya is happy to return home. Gaev, telling her the news, from time to time takes out a box of candies from his pocket, sucks. Lopakhin says that the estate is being sold for debts, and offers to break this land into summer cottages and rent them out.

Then they will have an annual income of twenty-five thousand. True, the old buildings will have to be demolished and the garden cut down. Lyubov Andreevna categorically objects: the garden is the most wonderful place throughout the province.

According to Lopakhin, they have no other choice, the only thing remarkable in the garden is that it is very large, and the cherry is born every two years, and no one buys that either. But Firs remembers that in the old days, dried cherries were taken in cartloads to Moscow and Kharkov, and they made a lot of money. Varya gives her mother two telegrams from Paris, but the past is over, and Lyubov Andreevna tears them up. Gaev, changing the subject,
turns to a closet that is a hundred years old, and begins to make a sentimental high-flown speech, bringing himself to tears. The sister sums it up. that he is still the same, Gaev is embarrassed. Lopakhin reminds them that if they think about dachas, he will lend money, and leaves. Lyubov Andreevna and Leonid Andreevich admire the garden, remember their childhood.

Enter Petya Trofimov in a shabby student uniform. Lyubov Andreevna hugs him, cries. and, peering, asks why he is so old and ugly, and yet he was once a nice student. Petya says that in the carriage one woman called him a shabby gentleman and, probably, he will be an eternal student.

Gaev and Varya remain in the room. Gaev notices that his sister has not lost the habit of wasting money. he has a lot of plans to improve things: it would be nice to get an inheritance, it would be nice to marry Anya to a very rich man, it would be nice to go to Yaroslavl and ask the aunt countess for money. The aunt is very rich, but does not like them: firstly, Ranevskaya married a sworn trustee, not a nobleman, and secondly, she did not behave very virtuously.

Lyubov Andreevna is kind, glorious, but she is vicious. Then they notice that Anya is standing in the doorway. The uncle kisses her, the girl reproaches him for the last words and asks him to be silent, then he himself will be calmer. He agrees and excitedly changes his plans to save the estate: it will be possible to arrange a loan against bills to pay interest to the bank, Anya's mother will talk to Lopakhin, he will not refuse her, and Anya will rest and go to her grandmother in Yaroslavl. This is how everything will work out. He swears that he will not allow the estate to be sold. Anya
reassured As and, happy, hugs her uncle. Firs appears, reproaches G Aeva, that he has not yet gone to bed, and everyone disperses.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

"The Cherry Orchard"

The estate of the landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. Spring, cherry blossoms. But the beautiful garden is soon to be sold for debts. For the past five years, Ranevskaya and her seventeen-year-old daughter Anya have lived abroad. Ranevskaya's brother Leonid Andreevich Gaev and her adopted daughter, twenty-four-year-old Varya, remained on the estate. Ranevskaya's affairs are bad, there are almost no funds left. Lyubov Andreevna always littered with money. Six years ago, her husband died of alcoholism. Ranevskaya fell in love with another person, got along with him. But soon her little son Grisha died tragically by drowning in the river. Lyubov Andreevna, unable to bear her grief, fled abroad. The lover followed her. When he fell ill, Ranevskaya had to settle him in her dacha near Menton and take care of him for three years. And then, when he had to sell the dacha for debts and move to Paris, he robbed and abandoned Ranevskaya.

Gaev and Varya meet Lyubov Andreevna and Anya at the station. At home, the maid Dunyasha and the familiar merchant Yermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin are waiting for them. Lopakhin's father was a serf of the Ranevskys, he himself got rich, but he says about himself that he remained "a man a man." The clerk Epikhodov arrives, a man with whom something constantly happens and who is called "twenty-two misfortunes."

Finally, the carriages arrive. The house is filled with people, all in a pleasant excitement. Everyone talks about their own. Lyubov Andreevna looks around the rooms and through tears of joy recalls the past. Maid Dunyasha can't wait to tell the young lady that Epikhodov proposed to her. Anya herself advises Varya to marry Lopakhin, and Varya dreams of marrying Anya to a rich man. The governess Charlotte Ivanovna, a strange and eccentric person, boasts of her amazing dog, the neighbor landowner Simeonov-Pishchik asks for a loan. He hears almost nothing and all the time mutters something old faithful servant Firs.

Lopakhin reminds Ranevskaya that the estate should soon be sold at auction, the only way out is to break the land into plots and lease them to summer residents. Lopakhin’s proposal surprises Ranevskaya: how can you cut down her favorite wonderful cherry orchard! Lopakhin wants to stay longer with Ranevskaya, whom he loves "more than his own," but it's time for him to leave. Gaev delivers a welcoming speech to the hundred-year-old "respected" closet, but then, embarrassed, again begins to senselessly pronounce his favorite billiard words.

Ranevskaya did not immediately recognize Petya Trofimov: so he changed, became uglier, the “dear student” turned into an “eternal student”. Lyubov Andreevna cries, remembering her little drowned son Grisha, whose teacher was Trofimov.

Gaev, left alone with Varya, tries to talk about business. There is a rich aunt in Yaroslavl, who, however, does not love them: after all, Lyubov Andreevna did not marry a nobleman, and she did not behave “very virtuously”. Gaev loves his sister, but still calls her "vicious", which causes Ani's displeasure. Gaev continues to build projects: his sister will ask Lopakhin for money, Anya will go to Yaroslavl - in a word, they will not allow the estate to be sold, Gaev even swears it. Grumpy Firs finally takes the master, like a child, to sleep. Anya is calm and happy: her uncle will arrange everything.

Lopakhin does not cease to persuade Ranevskaya and Gaev to accept his plan. The three of them had lunch in the city and, returning, stopped in a field near the chapel. Just here, on the same bench, Epikhodov tried to explain himself to Dunyasha, but she already preferred the young cynical footman Yasha to him. Ranevskaya and Gaev do not seem to hear Lopakhin and talk about completely different things. So without convincing “frivolous, unbusinesslike, strange” people of anything, Lopakhin wants to leave. Ranevskaya asks him to stay: with him "it's still more fun."

Anya, Varya and Petya Trofimov arrive. Ranevskaya starts talking about a "proud man." According to Trofimov, there is no point in pride: a rude, unhappy person should not admire himself, but work. Petya condemns the intelligentsia, who are incapable of work, those people who philosophize importantly, and treat peasants like animals. Lopakhin enters the conversation: he just works “from morning to evening”, dealing with big capital, but he is becoming more and more convinced of how few decent people are around. Lopakhin does not finish, Ranevskaya interrupts him. In general, everyone here does not want and does not know how to listen to each other. There is silence, in which the distant sad sound of a broken string is heard.

Soon everyone disperses. Left alone, Anya and Trofimov are glad to have the opportunity to talk together, without Varya. Trofimov convinces Anya that one must be “above love”, that the main thing is freedom: “all of Russia is our garden”, but in order to live in the present, one must first redeem the past with suffering and labor. Happiness is near: if not they, then others will definitely see it.

Comes the twenty-second of August, the day of trading. It is on this evening, quite inopportunely, that a ball is being held in the estate, a Jewish orchestra is invited. Once upon a time generals and barons danced here, and now, as Firs complains, both the postal official and the head of the station "are not willing to go." Charlotte Ivanovna entertains guests with her tricks. Ranevskaya anxiously awaits the return of her brother. The Yaroslavl aunt nevertheless sent fifteen thousand, but they are not enough to buy the estate.

Petya Trofimov "reassures" Ranevskaya: it's not about the garden, it's been over for a long time, we need to face the truth. Lyubov Andreevna asks not to condemn her, to feel sorry for her: after all, without a cherry orchard, her life loses its meaning. Every day Ranevskaya receives telegrams from Paris. At first she tore them up right away, then - after reading them first, now she doesn't vomit anymore. "That wild man", whom she still loves, begs her to come. Petya condemns Ranevskaya for her love for "a petty scoundrel, a nonentity." Angry Ranevskaya, unable to restrain herself, takes revenge on Trofimov, calling him a “funny eccentric”, “freak”, “clean”: “You must love yourself ... you must fall in love!” Petya tries to leave in horror, but then stays, dancing with Ranevskaya, who asked for his forgiveness.

Finally, the embarrassed, joyful Lopakhin and the tired Gaev appear, who, without saying anything, immediately goes to his room. The Cherry Orchard was sold and Lopakhin bought it. The "new landowner" is happy: he managed to beat the rich Deriganov at the auction, giving ninety thousand in excess of the debt. Lopakhin picks up the keys thrown on the floor by the proud Varya. Let the music play, let everyone see how Yermolai Lopakhin “suffices with an ax in the cherry orchard”!

Anya comforts her crying mother: the garden has been sold, but there is a whole life ahead. There will be a new garden, more luxurious than this, “quiet deep joy” awaits them ...

The house is empty. Its inhabitants, having said goodbye to each other, disperse. Lopakhin is going to Kharkov for the winter, Trofimov returns to Moscow, to the university. Lopakhin and Petya exchange barbs. Although Trofimov calls Lopakhin a "predatory beast", necessary "in the sense of metabolism", he still loves in him "a tender, subtle soul." Lopakhin offers Trofimov money for the journey. He refuses: over the "free man", "in the forefront going" to the "higher happiness", no one should have power.

Ranevskaya and Gaev even cheered up after the sale of the cherry orchard. Previously, they were worried, suffering, but now they have calmed down. Ranevskaya is going to live in Paris for the time being on the money sent by her aunt. Anya is inspired: a new life begins - she will finish the gymnasium, she will work, read books, "a new wonderful world" will open before her. Suddenly, out of breath, Simeonov-Pishchik appears and, instead of asking for money, on the contrary, distributes debts. It turned out that the British found white clay on his land.

Everyone settled down differently. Gaev says that now he is a bank servant. Lopakhin promises to find a new place for Charlotte, Varya got a job as a housekeeper to the Ragulins, Epikhodov, hired by Lopakhin, remains on the estate, Firs should be sent to the hospital. But still, Gaev sadly says: “Everyone is leaving us ... we suddenly became unnecessary.”

Between Varya and Lopakhin, an explanation must finally occur. For a long time, Varya has been teased by "Madame Lopakhina." Varya likes Yermolai Alekseevich, but she herself cannot propose. Lopakhin, who also speaks well of Vara, agrees to "put an end immediately" to this matter. But when Ranevskaya arranges their meeting, Lopakhin, without deciding, leaves Varia, using the very first pretext.

“Time to go! On the road! - with these words, they leave the house, locking all the doors. All that remains is old Firs, who, it would seem, everyone took care of, but whom they forgot to send to the hospital. Firs, sighing that Leonid Andreevich went in a coat, and not in a fur coat, lies down to rest and lies motionless. The same sound of a broken string is heard. "There is silence, and only one can hear how far in the garden they knock on wood with an ax."

Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya always littered with money. While she was living abroad with her daughter Anna, her brother, Gaev Leonid Andreevich, and the adopted daughter of the landowner, Varya, lived on the estate. Now for the debts it is necessary to sell the cherry orchard.

Lyubov Andreevna is greeted by her brother and Varya, the merchant Lopakhin, the clerk Epikhodov, the maid Dunyasha, the governess Charlotte Ivanovna, the neighbor Simeonov-Pishchik, and the old servant Firs. Petya Trofimov, the former teacher of the drowned son of Lyubov Andreevna, Grishenka, has turned from a sweet young man into an eternal student who has become ugly.

Lopakhin proposes to divide the garden into plots to rent to summer residents. Lyubov Andreevna is against cutting down trees. She cannot imagine her life without a cherry orchard. Gaev comes up with rescue plans: Lyubov Andreevna will borrow money from her aunt, who does not communicate with them. He swears that he will not allow the garden to be cut down. Mumbling incoherently as he is taken to bed.

Dunyasha likes Yasha, the lackey, so he refuses Epikhodov's attempts to improve relations with her. Lopakhin talks to Gaev and Ranevskaya about the benefits of his plan to pay off their debts. Brother and sister do not hear him. The merchant wants to leave, but Lyubov Andreevna stops him. Petya, Varya and Anya join them. They talk about pride. The teacher claims that pride becomes a hindrance to a poor person. Lopakhin works all day, he notices that you rarely meet a decent person. The dispute is interrupted by Ranevskaya with a reproach that people do not hear each other. The sound of a broken string is heard somewhere in the distance. Trofimov and Anya remain alone. He assures her that she must redeem the past with labor and suffering in order to live in the present.

The day of the auction came, Ranevskaya arranges a ball, invites a Jewish orchestra. The guests are having fun. An aunt from Yaroslavl sent money, but this is not enough to pay off debts. Trofimov says that the garden is long gone. He condemns Lyubov Andreevna for her love for the villain who robbed her, and now sends telegrams from Paris with requests to return. Ranevskaya in response calls Petya names, then asks for forgiveness.

Lopakhin bought a cherry orchard at auction. Gaev does not want to talk to anyone. Varya threw the keys at the merchant's feet. He is pleased. Now he will cut down the trees and carry out his plan. The inhabitants of the estate are going to disperse.

Ranevskaya wants to go to Paris, live on her aunt's money with her favorite scoundrel. Anya will go to high school. Will work and read books - a new life begins. Simeonov-Pishchik, who appeared unexpectedly, unexpectedly distributes his debts to everyone. Gaev got a job at a bank, Varya was hired as a housekeeper, old Firs is going to be sent to the hospital. Lopakhin left the clerk Epikhodov on the estate, and promised Charlotte to arrange a good job for her.

Varya and Lopakhin sympathize with each other, but cannot explain themselves in any way. Left alone, the merchant is embarrassed. Instead of offering Varya, he came up with the first excuse that came across and left her.

Everyone leaves the estate, they have forgotten old Firs. He sighs that the master went lightly dressed. He goes to rest and lies motionless. Again the sound of a broken string. The sound of axes is heard in the garden.

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Mother and daughter Ranevsky Denunciation of ignorance in Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" The image of the "eternal student" Trofimov in the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard". The feeling of time in Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" Lopakhin and Varya in Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard The theme of the spiritual rebirth of a person in the stories of A.P. Chekhov (based on the play "The Cherry Orchard")

Characters: Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya, landowner; Anya, her daughter, aged 17; Varya, her adopted daughter, aged 24; Leonid Andreevich Gaev, brother of Ranevskaya; Ermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin, merchant; Petr Sergeevich Trofimov, student; Boris Borisovich Simeonov-Pishchik, landowner; Charlotte Ivanovna, governess; Semyon Panteleevich Epikhodov, clerk; Dunyasha, maid; Firs, footman, old man 87 years old; Yasha, a young footman. The action takes place on the estate of Ranevskaya.

Retelling plan

1. Ranevskaya and her daughter return from Paris to their estate.
2. Lopakhin offers a plan to save the estate, put up for auction.
3. Gaev and Ranevskaya hope to save him in another way, but they have no money.
4. Ranevskaya talks about her life.
5. During the auction, Ranevskaya arranges a holiday.
6. The news of Lopakhin's purchase of a cherry orchard stuns everyone.
7. Farewell to the cherry orchard.

retelling

Action 1

May, cherry trees are in bloom. In the room, which is still called the nursery, the maid Dunyasha, Lopakhin and Epikhodov. They talk about the fact that the hostess Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya and her daughter Anna should soon arrive from Paris. Lopakhin: “Lyubov Andreevna lived abroad for five years, I don’t know what she has become now ... She is a good person. Easy, simple person. I remember when I was a boy of about fifteen, my father, the deceased - he then traded here in the village in a shop - hit me in the face with his fist, blood came out of my nose ... Lyubov Andreevna, still young, led me to the washstand, in this the room itself. “Don’t cry, he says, little man, he will heal before the wedding ...” My father, however, was a peasant, but here I am in a white vest and yellow shoes. With a pig's snout in a kalashny row ... Only now he is rich, there is a lot of money, but if you think and figure it out, then a peasant is a peasant ... "

Lopakhin does not like that Dunyasha behaves like a young lady. Epikhodov constantly drops something, bumps into chairs: “Every day some kind of misfortune happens to me. And I don’t grumble, I’m used to it and even smile.” Soon the voices of the arrivals are heard, and everyone goes to meet the hostess.

Lyubov Andreevna, Gaev, Anya, Charlotte, Varya, Lopakhin, Epikhodov and Dunyasha appear. Lyubov Andreevna rejoices at her return home: "Children's, my dear, beautiful room ..."

Everyone leaves except Anya and Dunyasha. The maid begins to tell that Epikhodov proposed to her, but Anya does not listen to her. Varya comes: “My darling has arrived! Beauty has arrived! Anya: “We're coming to Paris, it's cold there, it's snowing. I speak French terribly. Mom lives on the fifth floor, I come to her, she has some French, ladies, an old priest with a book, and it's smoky, uncomfortable. I suddenly felt sorry for my mother, so sorry, I hugged her head, squeezed her hands and could not let go. Mama then kept caressing, crying... She had already sold her dacha near Menton, she had nothing left, nothing. I didn't even have a penny left, we barely got there. And my mom doesn't understand! We sit at the station for dinner, and she demands the most expensive thing and gives the lackeys a ruble for tea ... ”Varya says that the estate and the cherry orchard will be sold for debts, because they have no money left at all. Anya asks if Lopakhin has yet proposed to Varya. Varya: “I think so, nothing will work out for us. He has a lot to do, he is not up to me ... and does not pay attention. Everyone talks about our wedding, everyone congratulates, but in reality there is nothing, everything is like a dream ... "

They remember how their father died six years ago and little brother Grisha drowned in the river. It turns out that his former teacher Petya Trofimov came to the estate. The sisters are afraid that he might remind Lyubov Andreevna about the boy's death.

Enter Firs, Lyubov Andreevna, Gayev, Lopakhin and Simeonov-Pishchik. Lopakhin tries to start a conversation about the cherry orchard, but Lyubov Andreevna does not listen to him, she is too excited about her return home. Lopakhin says that the auction has already been scheduled, but the estate can still be saved. To do this, you just need to break it into sections for summer cottages. Since the place is beautiful, these plots are quickly rented, and the owners will be able to pay the debts for the estate. True, for summer cottages it will be necessary to cut down a cherry orchard. Neither Raevskaya nor Gaev want to hear anything about cutting down the garden: “What nonsense!” Varya gives her mother two telegrams from Paris, but she tears them up without reading them. Gaev makes a pathetic speech bookcase: “Dear, respected closet! I salute your existence, which for more than a hundred years has been directed towards the bright ideals of goodness and justice; your silent call to fruitful work has not weakened for a hundred years, supporting (through tears) in the generations of our kind vigor, faith in a better future and educating in us the ideals of goodness and social self-consciousness. Everyone is embarrassed for him.

Petya Trofimov enters. Ranevskaya does not recognize him at first, but remembering that he is her son's former teacher, she begins to cry. Ranevskaya: “What, Petya? Why are you so mad? Why are you old?" Trofimov: “One woman in the carriage called me like this: shabby gentleman.” Ranevskaya: “You were then just a boy, a sweet student, and now your hair is thin, glasses. Are you still a student? Trofimov: "I must be an eternal student."

Varya tells Yasha that his mother came to him from the village, wants to see him, but he replies: “It is very necessary. I could come back tomorrow." Everyone leaves, only Gaev and Varya remain. Gaev says about his sister: “I married a non-nobleman and behaved, one cannot say, very virtuous. She is good, kind, nice, I love her very much, but no matter how you think of mitigating circumstances, nevertheless, I must admit, she is vicious. It is felt in her slightest movement. Gaev is going to take a loan from the bank, he suggests that the Yaroslavl grandmother and Lopakhin can lend money, then the estate will not be sold at auction. Anya believes him.

Action 2

Evening. Yard near the estate. Charlotte, Dunyasha, Yasha and Epikhodov are sitting on the bench. Charlotte says: “I don’t have a real passport, I don’t know how old I am. When I was a little girl, my father and mother went to fairs and gave performances. And I jumped salto mortale and various things. And when my father and mother died, a German lady took me to her and began to teach me. I grew up, then went to the governess. And where I am from and who I am - I don’t know ... ”Charlotte leaves.

Epikhodov plays the guitar. He says he has a revolver, but he doesn't know yet if he wants to shoot himself or wants to live. He wants to talk to Dunyasha alone. But she sends him away, stays with Yasha and says: “I was taken to the masters as a girl, now I have lost the habit of a simple life, and now my hands are white, white, like a young lady’s. She became tender, so delicate, noble, I'm afraid of everything ... It's so scary. And if you, Yasha, deceive me, then I don’t know what will happen to my nerves ... I fell in love with you passionately, you are educated, you can talk about everything. Yasha (yawns): "Yes, sir ... In my opinion, this is how: if a girl loves someone, then she, therefore, is immoral." Dunyasha leaves.

Lyubov Andreevna, Gaev and Lopakhin arrive. Lopakhin again offers Raevskaya to give the estate for summer cottages. But she still doesn't listen to him. This morning they went to a restaurant for breakfast and spent almost all the money. But it seems to her that the estate can be saved, Gaev promises her the same. Lopakhin calls him a woman and wants to leave. Lopakhin: “Forgive me, I have never met such frivolous people like you, gentlemen, such unbusinesslike, strange people. They speak Russian to you, your estate is being sold, but you definitely don’t understand.” Ranevskaya asks him to stay and help think of something. Lopakhin understands that you will not get any sense from them.

Lyubov Andreevna recalls her life: “I always littered my money without restraint, like crazy, and married a man who only made debts. My husband died of champagne - he drank terribly - and, unfortunately, I fell in love with another, got together, and just at that time - it was the first punishment, a blow right in the head - right here on the river ... drowned my boy, and I went abroad so as not to see this river ... I closed my eyes, ran, not remembering myself, and he followed me ... ruthlessly, rudely. I bought a cottage near Menton, because he fell ill there, and for three years I did not know rest, day or night; the patient has tormented me, my soul has dried up. And last year, when the dacha was sold for debts, I went to Paris, and there he robbed me, left me, got together with another, I tried to poison myself ... So stupid, so ashamed ... And suddenly I was drawn to Russia, to my homeland , to my girl ... (Wipes away tears.) Lord, be merciful, forgive me my sins! (Takes a telegram out of his pocket.) Received today from Paris... Asks for forgiveness, begs to return... (Tears the telegram.)

Enter Trofimov, Varya and Anya. Lopakhin teases Trofimov: "He is fifty years old soon, but he is still a student." Trofimov is angry: “I, Ermolai Alekseich, understand that you are a rich man, you will soon be a millionaire. This is how, in terms of metabolism, you need a predatory beast that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed. Everyone laughs. Trofimov starts talking about lofty matters: “Humanity is moving forward, improving its strength. Everything that is inaccessible to him now will someday become close, understandable, but now you have to work, help with all your might to those who are looking for the truth. We, in Russia, still have very few people working. The vast majority of the intelligentsia that I know are looking for nothing, doing nothing, and are not yet capable of work ... Everyone is serious, everyone has stern faces, everyone talks only about important things, philosophizes, and meanwhile, before everyone’s eyes, the workers eat disgusting, they sleep without pillows, thirty, forty in one room, bedbugs everywhere, stench, dampness, moral impurity ... "Lopakhin:" You know, I get up at five o'clock in the morning, I work from morning to evening, well, I have constantly my money and others' money, and I see what kind of people are around. You just have to start doing something to understand how few honest, decent people there are. Sometimes, when I can’t sleep, I think: “Lord, you gave us huge forests, vast fields, the deepest horizons, and living here, we ourselves should really be giants ...” Gaev tries to say something, but he is stopped. Silence. Suddenly, the sound of a broken string is heard, fading, sad. Firs: “Before the misfortune, it was the same: the owl screamed, and the samovar hummed endlessly.” Gaev: "Before what misfortune?" Firs: "Before the will."

A tipsy passer-by comes up to them and asks for some money. Ranevskaya gives him a gold medal. Varya cannot believe her own eyes. She reproaches her mother for excessive extravagance, because people in the house have nothing to eat, and she distributes alms. Everyone leaves except Trofimov and Anya. Trofimov: “Varya is afraid, what if we fall in love with each other, and does not leave us for whole days. She, with her narrow head, cannot understand that we are above love. To get around that petty and illusory thing that prevents us from being free and happy, this is the goal and meaning of our life. Forward! We march irresistibly towards the bright star that burns far away!

Forward! Keep up, friends!" Anya (clasping her hands): “How well you speak!” Anya: "What have you done to me, Petya, why I no longer love the cherry orchard, as before." Trofimov: “All Russia is our garden. The earth is great and beautiful ... Think, Anya: your grandfather, great-grandfather and all your ancestors were feudal lords who owned living souls, and are human beings looking at you from every cherry in the garden, from every leaf, from every trunk, are you really do not hear voices... To own living souls - after all, it has reborn all of you who lived before and now live, so that your mother, you, uncle, no longer notice that you live in debt, at someone else's expense... It's so clear In order to begin to live in the present, we must first redeem our past, put an end to it, and it can only be redeemed by suffering, only by extraordinary, uninterrupted labor. Understand this, Anya. Anya is delighted with Petya's words. In the distance, the voice of Varya is heard, calling for her sister. Petya and Anya run away from her to the river.

Action 3

Living room on the estate. You can hear the orchestra playing in the hall. Evening. Dancing in the hall. Varya bitterly says: “Here, they hired musicians, but how to pay?” Lyubov Andreevna also understands: “And the musicians came at the wrong time, and we started the ball inappropriately ...” Gaev is in the city, at the auction, and she is worried that he will be gone for a long time. The fate of the estate is unknown.

Ranevskaya speaks to Varya about Lopakhin. She can't understand why they can't talk to each other. Varya replies that she herself cannot propose to Lopakhin. Varya leaves. Ranevskaya asks Petya to calm her down. She is very anxious, because at this moment her fate is being decided. Trofimov replies that the estate “has been finished for a long time, the path has grown overgrown ... Don’t deceive yourself, you need to look the truth straight in the eye at least once in your life.” Lyubov Andreevna: “What truth? You can see where the truth is and where the lie is, but I definitely lost my sight, I don’t see anything. You boldly resolve all important issues, but tell me, my dear, is it not because you are young, that you have not had time to suffer through a single one of your questions? You boldly look ahead, and is it not because you do not see and do not expect anything terrible, since life is still hidden from your young eyes? You are bolder, more honest, deeper than us, but think about it, be generous ... spare me. After all, I was born here, my father and mother lived here, my grandfather, I love this house, I don’t understand my life without a cherry orchard, and if you really need to sell it, then sell me along with the garden ... (Hugging Trofimova, kisses him on the forehead.) After all, my son drowned here ... (Cries.) Have pity on me, good one, a kind person". Petya hands her a telegram instead. This time, Lyubov Andreevna does not tear her up, she thinks about whether to go to Paris, because “this wild man” fell ill again ... Ranevskaya admits: “This is a stone on my neck, I go to the bottom with it, but I love this stone and I can't live without it." Petya is trying to convince Ranevskaya that this man robbed her, that he is a scoundrel, a nonentity. Petya does not understand that he is speaking tactlessly. Ranevskaya retorts: “You have to be a man, at your age you need to understand those who love. And you need to love yourself ... you need to fall in love! (Angry.) Yes, yes! And you have no cleanliness, and you are just a clean, funny eccentric, a freak ... You are not above love, but you are simply a klutz. At your age, do not have a mistress! Petya, horrified by these words, runs away: “It’s all over between us!” Lyubov Andreevna shouts after him: “Petya, wait a minute! Funny man, I was joking!”

Yasha and Firs look at the dancers. Old Firs looks ill, it's hard for him to stand. His fate is also being decided: if the estate is sold, he has nowhere to go. “Wherever you order, I’ll go there,” he says to Ranevskaya. Yasha is indifferent to the experiences of the owners. He is concerned about one thing: that the hostess takes him to Paris again: “You yourself see, the country is uneducated, the people are immoral, moreover, boredom, the food is ugly in the kitchen ... Take me with you, be so kind!”

The fun continues in the hall: Charlotte shows tricks, Dunyasha flirts. Varya, irritated by the inappropriate holiday, finds fault with Epikhodov, drives him away from the house, brandishes a stick and accidentally hits Lopakhin, who has just arrived, on the head. People around can not wait to know the results of the auction. Lyubov Andreevna hurries Lopakhin and Gaev: “Speak!” Lopakhin is confused, Gaev looks upset. Lyubov Andreevna: "Is the cherry orchard sold?" Lopakhin: "Sold." Lyubov Andreevna: “Who bought it?” Lopakhin: "I bought it." Lyubov Andreevna is oppressed. Varya takes the keys from her belt, throws them on the floor and leaves.

Lopakhin finally broke through, he talks about the auction, rejoices, laughs: “The Cherry Orchard is mine now! My! Tell me that I'm drunk, out of my mind, that all this seems to me ... (Stomping his feet.) Don't laugh at me! .. I bought an estate where my grandfather and father were slaves, where they were not even allowed into the kitchen . I sleep
it only seems to me ... (Raises the keys.) She threw the keys, she wants to show that she is no longer the mistress here ... Hey, musicians, play! Come all to watch Yermolai Lopakhin hit the cherry orchard with an ax! We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here ... Music, play!”

Lyubov Andreyevna sank into a chair and wept bitterly. Lopakhin consoles her: “Why didn’t you listen to me? My poor, good, you will not return now. (With tears.) Oh, it would be better if our awkward, unhappy life would somehow change ... "

Ranevskaya is left alone, "shrinking all over and crying bitterly." Anya and Petya enter. Anya rushes to hug and reassure her mother: “Don’t cry, mom, you have a life ahead of you, your good, pure soul remains ... We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this ... and you will smile, mother! Let's go, honey! Let's go to!.."

Action 4

October. Scenery of the first act. There are no curtains on the windows, no paintings, there is a little furniture left, which is folded into one corner, as if for sale. Feels empty. Enter Ranevskaya and Gaev; she is pale, her face trembles, she cannot speak. Lopakhin offers champagne at parting, but no one responds. Then Yasha gets champagne, he does not refuse to drink, and even criticizes: "champagne is not real." Yasha laughs with pleasure: they take him to Paris. Twenty minutes left before departure.

Trofimov enters, looking for his galoshes. Lopakhin tells him that he is also leaving: “I kept hanging out with you, I was exhausted with nothing to do. I can't live without work..” Trofimov is going to Moscow. Lopakhin teases: “Well, professors don’t give lectures, I suppose everyone is waiting for you to come! .. How long have you been studying at the university?” Trofimov waved him off languidly. He says: “You know, we probably won’t see each other again ... After all, I still love you. You have thin, tender fingers, like an artist, you have a thin, tender soul...” Lopakhin is touched, offers him money for the journey, but Petya refuses: “I am a free man. And everything that you all, rich and poor, value so highly and dearly, has not the slightest power over me, just like fluff that rushes through the air. I can do without you, I am strong and proud. Humanity is moving towards the highest truth, the highest happiness possible on earth, and I am in the forefront!” Lopakhin: "Will you get there?" Trofimov: "I will reach ... I will reach or I will show others the way how to reach."

You can hear the sound of an ax banging on wood in the distance. Lopakhin says goodbye to Petya: “When I work for a long time, without getting tired, then my thoughts are easier, and it seems as if I also know why I exist. And how many, brother, there are people in Russia who exist for no one knows why ... Leonid Andreevich, they say, accepted a job, will be in a bank, six thousand a year ... But he won’t sit still, he’s very lazy ... "

Anya enters, conveys her mother's request that the garden not be cut down before her departure. Lopakhin goes to give orders. First Anya, then Varya, they ask if Firs was sent to the hospital. Yasha replies that “he said in the morning ...”, that is, he shifted this matter to others. Yasha's mother comes to say goodbye. Yasha is dissatisfied: "They only take it out of patience." Dunyasha cries: “You are leaving, you are leaving me ...” Yasha drinks champagne: “It’s not for me here, I can’t live ... there’s nothing to be done. Seen enough of ignorance - will be with me. Behave yourself, then you won't cry."

Gaev and Ranevskaya enter. Lyubov Andreevna: “Goodbye, sweet home, old grandfather. Winter will pass, spring will come, and you will no longer be there, they will break you ... ”Anna does not share her mother’s sadness, she is happy:“ A new life begins! .. I will prepare, pass the exam at the gymnasium and then I will work ... " Pishchik, out of breath, appears. He says that white clay was found in his estate. Now the English have leased the estate from him and paid a lot of money.

Ranevskaya says that she has two worries - the sick Firs and Varya. She hears that the old man has been sent to the hospital and calms down. Lyubov Andreevna speaks to Lopakhin about Var: “I dreamed of marrying her to you ...” Lopakhin is ready to make an offer. Ranevskaya calls Varya and leaves them alone. Varya pretends to be looking for something. Lopakhin is still unable to start a conversation. Suddenly, someone calls him, and he quickly leaves, as if he was waiting for this call. Varya, sitting on the floor, quietly sobs.

Final preparations before departure. Ranevskaya and Gaev say goodbye to the house. Anya: "Goodbye, old life!" Petya picks up: “Hello, new life!” Everyone except Gaev and Ranevskaya exits. “They were definitely waiting for this, throwing themselves on each other’s necks and sobbing restrainedly, quietly, afraid that they would not be heard.” Lyubov Andreevna: “Oh my dear, my gentle beautiful garden! .. My life, my youth, my happiness, goodbye! ..”

The stage is empty. You can hear how all the doors are locked with a key, how the carriages drive off. Amidst the silence, there is a dull knock on wood, sounding lonely and sad. Footsteps are heard, Firs appears: “Locked. They left... They forgot about me... Nothing... I'll sit here... Life has passed, as if it hadn't lived. I'll lie down... You don't have any Silushka, there's nothing left, nothing... Oh, you... you idiot!..» He lies motionless.

A distant sound is heard, as if from the sky, the sound of a broken string, fading, sad. There is silence, and only one can hear how far in the garden they knock with an ax on a tree.