What are participial and adverbial phrases. Participle turnover, examples of sentences

7.8. USE OF GENERAL PARTICIPLES. ERRORS IN USE

INTRODUCTION

A participle turnover is a participle with dependent words.

The gerund always denotes an additional action that occurs in parallel with the main one, for example: a man walked (the main action), waving your arms(additional, what while doing); the cat fell asleep (main action), tucking its paws (additional action, what did you do?)

The participles answer the question what do you do? (imperfect view) and having done what? (perfect view). Along with this question, you can also ask questions as? how? for what purpose? and the like. A gerund always denotes a sign of an action, that is, it describes how the main action takes place.

We classify all types of possible grammatical errors when using adverbial phrases.

7.8.1 Participle turnover in a sentence with a subject

The general rule for using adverbial phrases is as follows: the gerund and the predicate must denote the actions of the same person, that is, the subject. This person performs two actions: one main, the second additional. The participle should easily be replaced by the second verb: sat down, laid out textbooks - sat down and laid out; looked, smiling - looked and smiled.

TYPE 1. A gerund and a verbal predicate expressed by a verb without the postfix -sya

Slipping on ice I was picked up by a guy next to me.

Passing under the house, an icicle almost fell on me.

In each of the sentences, there were two characters: in the first one, someone slipped and someone picked it up; in the second: someone passed and someone almost fell down. But due to an error in construction, it turns out that the guy picked up, slipping; the icicle nearly fell off as it passed.

With this construction, the participle is erroneously assigned to one actor, and the predicate to another, which violates the basic rule. To avoid mistakes, you need to ensure that the participle and the predicate refer to the same person.

When I slipped on the ice, I was picked up by a guy next to me.

When I was walking under the house, an icicle almost fell on me.

TYPE 2. The gerund refers to the predicate in the form of a short passive participle

Writing a poem "Death of a Poet", the fate of Lermontov was determined.

Analyzing the text, I was quite right in determining its size.

As in type 1, the participle and the predicate refer to different persons. Due to a construction error, it turns out that fate was determined by writing ; the size is determined having analyzed. The predicate is a short passive participle.

If the predicate is expressed by a short participle, then the subject itself does not perform the action, something is done with it. With this form of the predicate gerund, there can be no.

Here are the revised proposals:

When Lermontov wrote the poem "The Death of a Poet", his fate was determined.

When I analyzed poetic text, I was quite right to determine its size.

TYPE 3. The adverbial phrase is attached to the predicate-reflexive verb in the passive meaning, which has a postfix Xia

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Usually, creating your work, it expresses Xia author's attitude to life and people.

Having received an education, students direct Xia senior master for practice.

As in type 2, the subject in such a sentence does not actually perform the action itself: attitude expresses Xia(by someone); displays Xia(by someone); direct Xia(by someone). But a if there is no action, then there can be no additional, additional, expressed by a gerund. We replace the adverbial turnover with a subordinate clause.

Here are the revised proposals:

Usually, when a work is created, the author's attitude to life and people is expressed in it. Or: Creating a work, the author always expresses his attitude to life and people.

When students receive their education, they are directed by the senior master to practice.

7.8.2. Participle turnover in a sentence without a subject

It often happens that the subject performing both actions may not be formally expressed, that is, there is no subject in the sentence. In this case, we are talking about one-part proposals. It is these types that cause the greatest difficulty in finding an error.

TYPE 4. Participle turnover in an impersonal sentence (except for type 7)

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Sending a rather important telegram I didn't have enough money.

He was sad.

There is no subject, the acting person is expressed by a pronoun to me(this is the dative case). The use of participles in impersonal sentences is unacceptable. It is possible: either to make a subordinate clause from the adverbial clause, or to make the usual one from the impersonal, with the subject.

The exception is sentences with an infinitive verb, see type 7.

Here are the revised proposals:

When I sent a rather important telegram, I did not have enough money.

Refusing to experiment he experienced sadness.

TYPE 5. Participle turnover in an indefinite personal sentence

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Having received a good education, Griboyedov was sent as the secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia.

Didn't finish the report, the head of the department was offered to go on a business trip.

There can be no adverbial turnover with the subject, if it is not defined. This situation occurs in indefinite personal sentences with the verb in the past tense plural.

Who directed? who received? who suggested? who did not finish the report? Unclear. We replace the turnover with a subordinate clause or restructure it so that it is clear who received an education and who completed the report.

Here are the revised proposals:

When Griboedov received a good education, he was sent as secretary of a diplomatic mission in Persia.

Without finishing the report, the head of the department received an offer to go on a business trip.

7.8.3. Participle turnover in a sentence without a subject. Permitted tricks.

Due to the fact that the assignments may also contain correct sentences with adverbial phrases, we consider it important to place a table with such examples and such rules that are not found in erroneous ones. Everything in this table is allowed.

TYPE 6. The adverbial phrase refers to a verb in the imperative mood

When crossing the street, carefully follow the traffic.

Having received the task for the adverbial turnover, check if it contains a request, order or advice.

There is no subject in sentences. But it is allowed to use participial phrases in such sentences where the verb is used in the imperative mood: follow, go, write, search and so on. It turns out that both the turnover and the predicate refer to one person, to whom we advise to do something. Easy to substitute a pronoun you: you follow by passing; you check when you receive it.

TYPE 7. The adverbial turnover refers to the infinitive

Consider sentences without errors.

Walking through the autumn forest, it is pleasant to inhale the intoxicating aroma of fallen leaves.

When handing over the work, it should be carefully checked.

Given that there is no subject (impersonal sentence) it is permissible to use a participial turnover if it refers to the infinitive: walking, inhale; reading, sit; dreaming, dozing; napping, dreaming.

Not all manuals allow this rule: in some of them, the infinitive must be required, it is possible, it is necessary, others follow (the so-called modal words). In any case, sentences like: rewriting, it should be noted; having begun, it is necessary to finish; having received, it is necessary to do, will be ERROR-FREE.

TYPE 8. Participle turnover in a definite-personal or generalized-personal sentence

Consider sentences without errors.

Gathering at the family table in the house of parents, we always remember grandmother's pies and tea with viburnum and mint.

Planning your upcoming vacation carefully calculate the family budget.

There is no subject, but the sentence definitely personal, it is easy to substitute the pronoun we. You can turn! It refers to the implied person: we remember when we gather; we calculate by planning.

Class: 7.

Goals:

Educational:

• generalize and systematize knowledge about adverbial and participial phrases;
• to develop the ability to find and highlight adverbial and participial phrases; to prevent errors in the use of adverbial turnover;
• learn to use adverbial and participial phrases in speech.

Educational:

• to cultivate love for the native word, for native nature.

Developing:

• develop students' creativity.

During the classes

I. Repetition

• What is called adverbial turnover?
• How are gerunds and participles distinguished?
• What is a participle turnover? When is it separated by commas in a letter?
• What is the difference between adverbial and adverbial phrases?

II. Anchoring

1) Vocabulary work

tamp down

• give a lexical meaning to the word;
• form participles and gerunds from the verb;
• make up the phrase "germs + adverb" with the particle "not", where the main word is the gerund;
• with the phrase "tamping tightly" make a proposal on the New Year's theme.

2) Spelling dictation

(Non) stopping snowfall, the sound is (not) heard, (not) feeling tired, (not) despairing, (not) going back, (not) coming on time, (not) well traveled path, (not) you will see from afar, (not) frightened birds, strongly (not) thinking.

3) Syntactic analysis of the sentence

Shining 3 with the majestic beauty of the north, the night quietly slumbers, woven with a thin frosty fog 4 . (Seraph.)

4) Explanatory dictation

• Designate graphically the adverbial and participial phrases.

5) Construction of sentences with adverbial turnover

• Replace verbs with gerunds. Write immediately in a modified form, placing punctuation marks.

1. The moon rises and silvers the ice on the river.
   The moon, rising, silvers the ice on the river.
2. The sky is covered with clouds and becomes menacing.
   The sky is covered with clouds, acquiring a formidable look.
3. The joy of communion with nature grows and overwhelms the whole being.
   The joy of communion with nature grows, overflowing the whole being.

6) Perforation control

• Indicate in the table the numbers of the sentences in which the adverbial and participial phrases met.

1. Nature, holding its breath, froze.
2. The snow carpet, changing the usual outfit of the forest, pubescent spruce.
3. Only the tops of Christmas trees are visible, lonely growing near the edge.
4. Throwing whirlwinds, birds take off with noise from under their feet.
5. Night, approaching inexorably, plunges everything into darkness.
6. The view of young birch trees, turning pink in the rays of the red winter sun, fascinates.
7. Freezing, you will hear different sounds.
8. Every person who is in the winter forest experiences an amazing feeling.

7) Editing

• Correct (orally) the mistakes in the use of gerunds.

1. Hitting a branch, she slowly swayed.
   The affected branch slowly swayed.
2. Suddenly recoiling, my hat flew off.
   I recoiled suddenly and dropped my hat.
3. The frightened bird flapped its wings and flew away.
   The frightened bird, flapping its wings, flew away.
4. I followed her flight with my eyes.
   I, following her flight with my eyes, rolled down the hill.

8) Test

I. Find a sentence with participial turnover:

1. The wind blew along the shore, breaking off dry branches.
2. The river, cluttered with white hummock, sparkled slightly.
3. The sun, having sent the last ray to the earth, buried itself in a gray haze.
4. The clods of snow lying on the branches crushed them downwards.

II. Find a sentence with an adverbial phrase:

1. Barely illuminating the snow, the day quickly faded into twilight.
2. Cirrus clouds are visible through the gaps, floating high above the trees.
3. The storm raged all night, suddenly subsiding by morning.
4. Long-harnessed horses chilled in the snow.

III. Find a sentence with participial turnover:

1. In the frozen sky, the last cloud was extinguished, illuminated by a cold sunset.
2. The fox digs in the snow, scattering snow dust around.
3. Having stormed during the night, the forest calmed down, drooping with pine branches.
4. The frosty, burning day blinds the eyes, scattering creaking snowdrifts.

IV. Find a sentence with an adverbial phrase:

1. Until the very spring, the river, bound by ice, is silent.
2. Snow-covered huts sparkled brightly in the sun.
3. Fluffy snowflakes, fluttering and spinning lightly, fell to the ground.
4. The skies crumbled into snow fluff, filling the entire air with movement.

Answers: I - 2, 4; II - 1.3; III - 1, 4; IV - 3, 4.

9) creative work

• Composition-miniature "New Year's holiday".

1. What do you expect from this day?
2. What is your mood?
3. What is special about family members?
4. How do you perceive strangers around you?
5. What gives you the greatest pleasure on this day?
6. What do you wish for this day?

Key phrases

Expecting something unusual, filled with pleasant chores, joy growing in me, smiling faces, helping everyone, anticipating universal delight, admiring the green beauty, wishing all the best.

You wake up on December 31 expecting something unusual. There is still a long day ahead, filled with pleasant chores, but the joy that grows in me is transferred to others.

Strangers smiling at me seem close.

Helping everyone, I do not forget that I have the most responsible task - to decorate the Christmas tree.

For me it is a great pleasure. Anticipating the general enthusiasm, I try my best.

Mom will hug me, and we will stand, admiring the green beauty. Amazing, fun, a little crazy New Year's Eve is over.

Wishing you all the best, I fall asleep.

III. Homework.

§30-36, write out from the sentences of fiction 3 sentences with a participial turnover, 3 sentences with a participial turnover.

Participial turnover is a gerund with dependent words. The participle is formed from a verb and denotes an additional action. In a sentence with a participial turnover, there is always a verb in the role of a predicate that names the main action. The actions called verb and gerund are performed by the same person. This person in the sentence is expressed by a noun or pronoun and is the subject. In the sentence, the adverbial turnover, like the single adverbial participle, plays the role of circumstance.

Separation of gerunds

The adverbial turnover is separated by commas, regardless of the place in the sentence: at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. Offers, complicated by adverbial turnover.

Examples:

• Hearing a suspicious sound in the forest The hunters grabbed their guns.
• Artists, bowing to the audience were in no hurry to leave the stage.
• The kitten crawled under the bed afraid of Sharik.

On both sides, the adverbial turnover is also distinguished if it follows a union or an allied word.

Examples:

• The car began to accelerate, but, squealing tires, stopped abruptly.
• The children understood that running away from class, let Maria Ivanovna down.

The adverbial turnover is used in generalized personal sentences and impersonal (with infinitive) sentences.

Examples:

• kneading the dough use warm foods.
• Solving the problem you need to read the terms and conditions carefully.
• Hearing the fire alarm, you can't panic.

The adverbial phrase can have commas inside. Complex adverbial phrases, examples:

• Children, scattered books, toys and clothes, ran away.
• Giving the birthday girl flowers, sweets and decorations, the guests went to dance

Cases when the adverbial turnover is not isolated

In three special cases, the adverbial turnover is not separated by commas.
not isolated single adverbial turnover, examples:

1. Is an .
   • Vanya ran away from the dog headlong.
   • During the subbotnik schoolchildren worked tirelessly;
2. It is connected by the union And with a homogeneous non-isolated circumstance, usually expressed by an adverb.
   • The youth on the bench laughed loud and not embarrassed by anyone.
   • Dexterously and trying not to hurt the nurse removed the bandage.
3. In front of it is an amplifying particle I.
   • Misha entered the university and without using acquaintances with the dean.

Several adverbial phrases in a simple sentence

In a simple sentence, there can be several adverbial phrases. They can relate to one predicate and be homogeneous among themselves. The punctuation marks between them are subject to the rules of punctuation for homogeneous members.

Offers with homogeneous adverbial phrases, examples:

• swallows, circling over the shore, cutting the air with sharp wings, now and then dived into sandy minks.
• Staying late at work and missing the train, Pyotr Ivanovich was forced to spend the night in the office.
• Pouring tea, but not offering it to the guest, Masha was waiting for an explanation.

Participle turns in a simple sentence are heterogeneous if they refer to different predicates. Example:

• The wind blew with terrible force, tearing off roofs from houses, howling in pipes, instilling fear in the villagers.

Mistakes in the use of adverbial phrases

Building a sentence with a participial turnover often causes difficulties. Be aware of common mistakes and be able to avoid them. Errors in the use of adverbial phrases, examples:

1. The action called a gerund is not performed by the subject.
   • While reading a book, a bookmark fell out of it. Use a complex sentence or make another person the subject. Correctly: When Misha was reading a book, a bookmark fell out of it. Or: While reading a book, Misha dropped a bookmark from it.
   • Picking the flowers, they smelled strongly. Use participial turnover or make another person subject. Correctly: Picked flowers smelled strongly. Picking flowers, I smelled a strong aroma.
2. The use of adverbial phrases in an impersonal sentence.
   • Seeing the gifts, Kate became fun. Use a complex sentence or make the sentence personal. Correctly: Katya felt happy when she saw the gifts. Or: Seeing the gifts, Katya
     rejoiced.
   • Grandma got better after drinking the medicine. Correctly: Grandma got better after she drank the medicine. Or: Grandma felt better, after drinking the medicine.
3. A participle turnover in combination with a verb in the form of the future tense.
   • Having prepared a concert, the ensemble will go on tour. Use a complex sentence.
     Correctly: The ensemble will go on tour when they prepare a concert.
4. Use with a participial turnover or a verb as a homogeneous member.

   Apple trees covered with pale pink flowers and emitting a light fragrance, attracted
   bees. Use 2 participial or 2 participle turns (if possible). Correctly: Apple trees covered with pale pink flowers and exuding a light aroma,
   attracted bees.

   The cockchafer sank heavily onto a branch and folded stiff wings. Use 2 verbs or remove the union I. Correctly: The cockchafer sank heavily onto a branch and folded its rigid wings. Or: The Maybug has landed heavily on a branch, folded stiff wings.

TASK 17: Sentences with participial and participle phrases.

Task 17 from the Unified State Examination in the Russian language is devoted to sentences with separate members of the sentence (definitions, circumstances, applications, etc.). The greatest number of errors is associated with the setting of signs when using participial (PO) and adverbial (DO) turns. To avoid mistakes, you should act according to the algorithm.

ALGORITHM.

1. Find all participles and participles.

2. Find those words on which participles and participles depend.

3. Determine the limits of turnover (using questions).

4. Think about whether there are homogeneous turns in the sentence (that is, those that depend on one word).

What is useful to remember about participles.

WHICH? WHAT DOES, DOES, DOES?

2. Participles denote sign by action. The child PLAYS - he is PLAYING; PLAYED - PLAYED; the book was READ - it is READ, etc.

3. In a sentence, the participle depends on the NOUN (or other parts of speech in the role of a noun; for example, on a pronoun).

4. Remember participle suffixes.

Active present participles: ASCH, YASCH; USCH, USCH. THINKING, gluing, looking.

Real past participles: VS, Sh. Thinking, glued, looking for.

Passive present participles: THEM; EM/OM. Readable, persecuted.

Passive past participles: ENN, NN, T. CONSTRUCTED, READ, COVERED.

What is useful to know about GERMAN PARTICIPLES.

1. Answer the following questions: WHAT DOING, DOING? AS?

2. Participles denote additional action. The man walked, LOOKING around; the scientist read the manuscript, having carefully studied the author's notes, etc.

3. In a sentence, the participle depends on the VERB.

4. Remember suffixes of gerunds.

Imperfect participles: AND I. Doing, working, hearing, shouting, holding.

Perfect participles: V, lice, shi. Did, saw, sank, decided, baked, dried, locked.

Such suffixes are rare, but also found: UCHIE, YUCHI. BEING, GOING, PLAYING.

What is useful to know about TURNS.

1. A turnover is a participle / participle + dependent words.

2. It will be easier to determine the boundaries of turnover if you ask questions from the main word in the turnover (from participle or gerund) to the words around it.

3. The participial turnover (or single participle) in the assignments from the exam, we highlight the signs ALWAYS.

4. We highlight the participial turnover in tasks from the USE with signs when it is AFTER THE DEFINED (main) word.

The old NAVIGATOR, who had endured many storms in his long life, was not at a loss in an unfamiliar situation.

If the participial turnover is BEFORE the DEFINED word, then we do not put signs.

OSTAP, NOT CONFUSED in this situation, dodged to the right.

Let's look at some examples from task 17.

1. A young falcon (1) unexpectedly high (2) taking off above the plain (3) disappeared from the summer sky (4) outlining the space above the horizon.

1. Taking off, outlining - gerunds.

2. Taking off HOW? unexpectedly high. Flying OVER WHAT? over the plain. Suddenly flying high above the plain - adverbial turnover. DOs are always isolated, so we put commas in place of the numbers 1 and 3.

3. Outlining WHAT? space. WHAT space? over the horizon. Outlining the space above the horizon is also a participial turnover. We put a sign in the number 4.

4. The main word for both DO is the verb DISAPPEARED. Where it stands relative to revolutions is not important for us. DOs are still isolated.

Answer: 134.

2. After walking more than a dozen miles (1) and (2) feeling very tired (3), I lay down in the shade of a thick willow (4) standing lonely on the shore of a steppe pond.

1. Having passed and felt - gerunds.

2. Having passed WHAT? not a dozen miles. This is a participle turnover.

3. Feeling WHAT? severe fatigue. This is also a participle turnover.

4. The main word for both DO is the verb LIELD. Hence, the turnovers are uniform. At the same time, they are connected by the union And. We do not separate them with commas in the numbers 1 and 2, because if homogeneous are connected by a union, then they do not need to be separated by commas. In the number 3, the sign is needed, because in the sentence DO should be highlighted with signs.

4. Standing - communion. Standing HOW? lonely. WHERE? on the bank of the steppe pond. After the number 4 comes the software. It depends on the word VETLY (WHAT willow? standing ...). Because The software is after the DEFINED word, put a comma (in the number 4).

3. One can only bow before the genius of Marina Tsvetaeva (1) who created a completely unique poetic world (2) and (3) who firmly believed (4) in her muse.

1. Created and believed - the sacraments.

2. Created WHAT? absolutely unique poetic world. This is a sacramental turnover.

3. Believing HOW? holy. BELIEVE IN WHAT? to your muse. This is also a participial turnover.

4. The main word for both software - Marina Tsvetaeva. Marina Tsvetaeva WHAT? Created... and believed... Hence, the turnovers are uniform. At the same time, they are connected by the union And. We do not separate them with commas in the numbers 2 and 3, because if homogeneous are connected by a union, then they do not need to be separated by commas. In the number 1, the sign is needed, because the software is after the DEFINED word.

4. All around was only the solemn sea (1) silvered by the moon (2) and (3) star-studded (4) sky.

1. Silver-plated, studded - communion.

2. Silver plated with WHAT? moon. This is a sacramental turnover. It depends on the noun SEA. WHAT SEA? silvered by the moon. The participial turnover is after the DEFINED word, and therefore we must separate it with commas.

3. Studded with WHAT? stars. This is a sacramental turnover. It depends on the noun SKY. WHAT is the sky? dotted with stars. The participial phrase comes before the DEFINED word, and therefore we DO NOT separate it with commas.

4. Please note that there is a union I between the revolutions. Many will decide that it connects exactly two revolutions, and therefore they are homogeneous. But it's not. These turns cannot be homogeneous, since they depend on different words. Union And connects the words SEA and SKY. That is why we consider these revolutions separately from each other. In the first case, we highlight the turnover with signs, and in the second case, we DO NOT highlight the turnover with signs.

Task 1 #4286

Hearing such a frantic knock on the gate (1) Fenya (2), so frightened two hours ago (3) and still from excitement (4) not daring to go to bed (5), was now frightened again almost to the point of hysteria.

Hearing - participle. Hearing such a frantic knock on the gate - participle turnover. DOs are always isolated, so a comma should be in place of the number 1.

Frightened is a sacrament. So frightened about two hours ago - participle turnover. ON stand apart when they stand after the word being defined. The defined word is “Fenya”. The software is after it, which means that in place of the number 2 there should be a comma.

Undecided - communion. Still from excitement, not daring to go to bed - participle turnover. It also refers to the defined word "Fenya" and comes after it. The software in this case is isolated, so a comma should be in place of the number 5.

There is a union “and” between the two softwares, they are homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by a coordinating link, therefore, a comma is not put in place of the number 3.

Answer: 125

Task 2 #4287

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Young officials and other unemployed people driving along the high Oryol road (1) can still notice a huge wooden house (2) completely abandoned (3) with a collapsed roof and (4) tightly boarded (5) windows (6) extended to the very road.

It is necessary to find all participles (participial phrases), gerunds (participle phrases) and defined words (those on which the phrases depend). For the participle (PO), it is usually a noun. For the participle (DO) - a verb.

Passing - communion. Passing along the big Oryol road - participle turnover. Softwares stand apart when they come after the word(s) being defined. Defined words - officials and people. The software is in front of them, so the comma in place of the number 1 is not put.

Abandoned - communion. Completely abandoned - participle turnover. The word being defined is “house”. PO comes after the word being defined, so it stands apart. Commas should be put in place of the numbers 2 and 3.

Downtrodden - communion. Tightly hammered - participial turnover. The word being defined is “windows”. It occupies a position after the software, therefore it is not isolated, commas in place of the numbers 4 and 5 are not needed.

Extended - sacrament. Extended to the very road - ON. The word being defined is “home”, it comes before the software, so there should be a comma in place of the number 6.

Answer: 236

Task 3 #4288

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Completely ruined (1), he went to Petersburg (2) to look for a place (3) and died in a hotel room (4) without waiting for any decision.

It is necessary to find all participles (participial phrases), gerunds (participle phrases) and defined words (those on which the phrases depend). For the participle (PO), it is usually a noun. For the participle (DO) - a verb.

Having gone bankrupt is a participle. Completely ruined - adverbial turnover. DO is always isolated, so a comma should be in place of the number 1.

Without waiting - participle. Without waiting for any decision - participle turnover. In place of the number 4 should be a comma.

Answer: 14

Task 4 #4289

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

If at least one person made his notes entirely on the whole book (1) without missing a single sheet of it (2) and would begin to read it (3) picking up a pen (4) and putting a sheet of letter paper in front of him (5) and after after reading a few pages, he would remember his whole life and all the incidents (6) that happened before his eyes.

It is necessary to find all participles (participial phrases), gerunds (participle phrases) and defined words (those on which the phrases depend). For the participle (PO), it is usually a noun. For the participle (DO) - a verb.

Without skipping - participle. Without missing a single sheet of it - participle turnover. DO is always isolated. In place of the numbers 1 and 2 should be commas.

Taking (taking) - gerund. Picking up a pen - adverbial turnover. DO is always isolated. In place of the number 3 there should be a comma.

Putting (putting) - gerund. Putting a sheet of letter paper in front of him - BEFORE, he always stands apart. In place of the number 5 should be a comma.

There is a union “and” between two DOs, they are homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by a coordinating link, therefore, a comma is not put in place of the number 4.

Happened - communion. What happened before his eyes is a sacramental turnover. The word being defined is “incidents”. It stands before the software, in this case the software stands apart. In place of the number 6 there should be a comma.

Answer: 12356

Task 5 #4290

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Thus, having dressed (1), he rolled in his own carriage along the endlessly wide streets (2) illuminated by skinny lighting from (3) flickering (4) windows in some places.

It is necessary to find all participles (participial phrases), gerunds (participle phrases) and defined words (those on which the phrases depend). For the participle (PO), it is usually a noun. For the participle (DO) - a verb.

Dressed - participle. Thus dressed - adverbial turnover. DO is always isolated. The number 1 should be replaced with a comma.

Enlightened - communion. Illuminated by skinny lighting from windows that flickered here and there - participial turnover. The defined word is “streets”. PO comes after the word being defined, so it stands apart. In place of the number 2 should be a comma.

Flashing - communion. Flickering in some places - participial turnover. The word being defined is “windows”. Software stands in front of him, therefore, does not stand apart. In place of the numbers 3 and 4, commas are not needed.

Answer: 12

Task 6 #4291

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Nekhlyudov dressed in a dress that had been cleaned and (1) prepared on a chair (2) and went out into the dining room with a huge oak sideboard and an equally large sliding table (3) that had something solemn in its (4) widely spaced in the form of lion paws (5 ) carved legs.

It is necessary to find all participles (participial phrases), gerunds (participle phrases) and defined words (those on which the phrases depend). For the participle (PO), it is usually a noun. For the participle (DO) - a verb.

Cooked - communion. Cooked on a chair - participial turnover. Software is isolated if it comes after the word being defined. The defined word is “dress”. PO stands in front of him. In place of the numbers 1 and 2, commas are not needed.

Those who had - communion. Having something solemn in their carved legs widely spaced in the form of lion's paws - participle turnover. The word being defined is “table”. PO stands after the word being defined, therefore, it is isolated. In place of the number 3 there should be a comma.

Arranged - communion. Widely spaced in the form of lion paws - participle turnover. The defined word is “legs”. PO is in front of the word being defined, so it is not isolated. In place of the numbers 4 and 5, commas are not needed.

Graduates are communion. Those who have completed important homework are participle turnover. ON stand apart when they stand after the word being defined. The defined word is "everything". The software is after it, which means that commas should be in place of the numbers 1 and 2.

Those who have spoken are communion. Those who talked with their doctor about the weather and a small pimple - participle turnover. ON stand apart when they stand after the word being defined. The word being defined is "everything". The software is after it, which means that commas should be in place of the numbers 2 and 4.

Jumped up - communion. Jumping on the nose - participial turnover. ON stand apart when they stand after the word being defined. The defined word is “pimple”. The software is after it, which means that commas should be in place of the numbers 4 and 5.

Showing - this is a sacrament. Showing great talents - sacramental turnover. ON stand apart when they stand after the word being defined. The word being defined is "everything". The software is after it, which means that a comma should be in place of the number 6.

Answer: 12456

The syntax of the Russian language is a perfect and harmonious system. Its main units are considered to be phrases and sentences. Among the latter, the most frequently used are sentences with participles and participles.

What is a participial turnover, schoolchildren usually learn easily, and it is worth talking about the participial turnover in detail. What kind of construction is this, what are its features, how to correctly make a proposal with it?

A participial phrase (DO) is a syntactic unit that includes such a part of speech as the words dependent on it. The specified part of speech, as a component of the turnover, indicates that the subject performs not only the main, but also an additional action.

This main member is most often expressed by independent parts of speech, for example, a noun or a pronoun.

The gerund includes the signs of the verb and, therefore it is logical that it is necessary to ask questions of circumstance to it: How? How? Where? etc.

For convenience, you can ask special questions: What are you doing? Having done what? Turnover answers the same questions.

As a member of the sentence, adverbial turnover is a circumstance. When parsing, it is underlined with a dash-dotted line. Characterizing the construction, it is necessary to point out that the sentence is complicated by a separate circumstance.

Examples of structures that include DO in their composition:

1. Leaving the north at last, forgetting the feasts for a long time, I visited Bakhchisaray's dormant palace in oblivion. (A. Pushkin)
2. Jumping on a horse, the prince galloped into the field, crossed the bridge over the Kaya, and his serfs flew behind him, rattling their weapons. (A. Tolstoy)
3. She uttered the words of her own role when she left the room, then bowed at the waist, laughed, covering herself with her sleeve, and earned Marfushi's approval. (A. Pushkin).

The adverbial turnover is studied in the classical course of the Russian language according to the school curriculum in the 7th grade. Below are some exercise options.

Task: Rewrite in a notebook, placing commas in the right places, underline BEFORE.

Task: Read the instructions for the exercise carefully. Rewrite the sentences, correcting any grammatical errors.

Task: Fill in the missing punctuation marks. Choose from the brackets the appropriate participles.

1. 1. I vegetated as a hooligan (chasing, chasing) pigeons and (playing, playing) in towns with my peers, of whom a great many lived in the neighborhood.
   2. Once in autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I (licking my lips, licking my lips) looked at the effervescent foams.
   3. (Waking up, waking up) quite late in the morning, I looked out the window and noticed that there was no trace of yesterday's bad weather.
   4. (Arriving, arriving) in Vladivostok, I arrived directly from the station to my aunt and uncle.

Commas in sentences with DO

In a sentence, the adverbial turnover is always isolated, that is, it is highlighted in writing with commas.

The rule is easy to remember, since there are only three types of commas:

• First, DO can be at the beginning of a sentence, in which case a punctuation mark is placed after it.
• Secondly, DO can be in the middle, then commas are placed on both sides.
• Third, a DO can end a sentence. If so, then the sign must be placed in front of it.

It is important to know! Sometimes the adverbial turnover can be represented by a phraseological unit. In this case, the turnover is not separated. For example: He rushed through the puddles at breakneck speed.

The use of adverbial phrases in a sentence

Building a sentence with a participial turnover often causes problems for schoolchildren. In order to avoid speech errors, it must be remembered that the gerund in a sentence denotes an additional action that the subject performs. In other words, the subject is the person who must perform both the main and the additional action.

For example: Having risen from the face, the miner squinted for a long time, looking at the sunset.

Given the grammatical meaning of the participle, it is not recommended to use it as part of a turnover in the cases described below:

• One-part impersonal sentence. For example: Watching the program, I could not sleep.
• The predicate in the sentence is expressed by the passive participle of the short form.
• The main action expressed by the verb and the additional action refer to different persons. For example: Running without a break around the school stadium, the boy's legs began to give way.

How to find the adverbial phrase in a sentence correctly? For this, a number of conditions must be met:

1. First, find the participle. Its formal indicator is the morphemes -a / -ya, -v / -shi / -lice.
2. Secondly, to determine the predicate and ask a question from it, since DOs always refer to the verb-predicate.
3. Thirdly, the adverbial turnover in writing is distinguished by commas, and in oral speech it is distinguished intonation.

How to correctly compose a participial turnover and a sentence with it

The grammatically correct construction of a sentence with DO is not an easy task. To avoid mistakes, you must follow the rules:

• The subject and no other member of the sentence can include an action expressed by a gerund.
• In sentences with a passive connotation, adverbial phrases cannot be used.
• In sentences where the verb-predicate is expressed in the form of the future tense, it is undesirable to use the adverbial phrase.

• Leaning out the window, my hat flew off.
• Leaving the apartment, the citizen was frightened by the unexpected barking of a dog.
• When I start cooking dinner, I will definitely watch the evening news.

Important! Rarely, the use of a participial turnover is appropriate in a one-part construction, but in the case when its main member is the infinitive. For example: When planning a lesson, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics of students.

The place of the adverbial turnover in the sentence is not strictly regulated. But in some cases, you need to follow a strict order:

If DO is placed before the predicate, then it must denote what was before in relation to the meaning of the predicate. – Having collected notebooks, the girl put them on the teacher's table.

After the predicate there must be a DO, the meaning of which is the subsequent action. - Boiling water splashed, scalding my leg.

The type of adverb is important. The imperfect form of this part of speech is combined with a verb that denotes an action that occurs simultaneously with the additional. Laughing, the girl caught rainbow splashes.

Perfective gerunds go well with predicates, the meaning of which precedes the additional action. Laughing, the little girl threw up her hands.

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Conclusion

Now the question of how to find the adverbial turnover will not take the student by surprise. The competent use of such constructions in written speech indicates a high level of education and allows you to more accurately express your thoughts.

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