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In a house with several floors, you can not do without stairs. And in order to save money, many home craftsmen decide to build a staircase to the second floor with their own hands.
And, despite the apparent complexity, this procedure is very feasible. All you need is to be patient and follow the recommendations presented in this article.
We install the stairs ourselves
Before you put the stairs to the second floor, you should decide on its design and calculate the dimensions, and, accordingly, the materials.
To date, there are several types of it, but for communicating floors in private houses, the following are most suitable:
- Marching - a popular design, which is also classic. It consists of marches - canvases with steps and has the following features:
- A standard march has 8 to 10 steps. Their minimum number is 3 (most often such structures are installed at the entrance to the house), and the maximum is 15.
Advice! If the preliminary calculation shows that the number of steps in the march exceeds 15, then the span should be divided by a small platform equal to the width of two steps. Otherwise, the climb will be tedious.
- The optimal angle for the march is 45 degrees.
- If there are two marches in the design, then such a staircase can be made angular.
Advice! If there are small children in the house, then the distance between the balusters should be reduced to 10 cm so that the child cannot squeeze between them.
- Screw structures are a metal or wooden rack, to which steps are attached along screw principle. The steps here are shaped like a blade, tapering on one side. It is with a narrow edge that they are attached to the rack, and balusters are located on the wide edge.
Advice! If small children or elderly people live in the house, then this design is not the best way, since the location of the steps in this case is inconvenient.
Features of this type:
- They are more compact than marching ones.
- Most often they are installed as auxiliary structures for communicating the first floor with the basement or attic.
- To make moving more convenient, you should provide a central step width of at least 20 cm. In this case, the widest part should not be more than 40 cm.
Advice! Such stairs can be placed in an opening with a diameter of 1 m. But the smaller such an opening is, the steeper the staircase structure will be. Therefore, do not expect any convenience from narrow and compact screw structures.
- Bolts ladder.
It looks like a march, only the fastening here is carried out at the expense of the bolts (from the German "bolt"). The marches of such stairs can be either straight or curved. These are graceful and seemingly weightless structures that are quite simple to install, but require certain skills and high-strength materials.
Advice! Such a design must necessarily adjoin the wall with one of its edges, to which the steps are fastened by means of bolts.
The most acceptable of the above options is the very first one, since it is the most simple in arrangement, reliable and convenient in operation.
We carry out the calculation of the stairs
The construction of stairs to the second floor must be based on an accurate calculation, otherwise you will not succeed in this matter.
The instruction is very simple:
- Depending on the size of the room, we determine the width of the flight of stairs. The average width is a meter and a half.
- Now you need to measure the height of the wall to which the structure adjoins.
- We measure the length of the floor where the sole will be located.
- We get two legs of a triangle, the hypotenuse of which will be the stairway.
- Now we determine the length of the canvas by stretching the tape measure from the top point, at which the wall is in contact with the ceiling, to the bottom, where the first step should be located.
- The next step is to determine the number of steps. To do this, it is necessary to divide the length of the canvas by the size of one step. Most often, 18 cm is taken as a guideline for a step. For example, the length of the canvas was 180 cm. Thus, we get: 180 / 18 = 10 pcs.
- To determine the height of the step, it is necessary to divide the length of the canvas by their number. 180 / 10 = 18 cm.
Installing the ladder
Now let's move on to how to properly build a staircase to the second floor:
- Having decided on the design, we determine the place where it will be located.
- We calculate the length of the march, the number of steps, etc. (as in the previous instructions), that is, we create a project.
- Purchasing according to calculations necessary materials. With a lack of time, you can entrust this procedure to a representative of a specialized company.
- We install the kosuor beams, strengthening them with dowels on the floor and wall.
- We assemble the march, first attaching the risers to the kosuors, and then the treads.
- If the structure has several marches, then we install an intermediate platform in the form of a board shield.
- We install fencing. Using self-tapping screws, we install balusters and intermediate racks. We install the extreme pillars using anchors for attaching to the main wall.
- We fix the railing.
- The structure is ready.
In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.
Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house
All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others. decorative stones, and combinations of these materials are often used. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.
In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - also vertical part- riser.
Design codes
When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:
The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.
If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.
When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.
All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.
Spiral staircase
As already said, spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has serious shortcoming: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.
Calculation features
When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.
The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.
The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.
Construction on a prefabricated column
This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements- stages, intermediate cylinders, etc.
Looking more closely, apart from metal pipe(in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.
On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).
Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. Step dimensions for this spiral staircase with given parameters is in the drawing.
Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.
An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.
The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.
Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options
With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre
Staircase to the second floor
Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.
Kinds
Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.
As has been said before, marching stairs they are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terives (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, the metal parts are very "cut" the look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.
The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.
This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly
Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos
Kosours are made from wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.
An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.
Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.
We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board
Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.
The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.
The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless steel pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.
Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor
Metal and glass - an interesting combination Interesting idea, and from the end - pantry
The construction of a two-story private house, cottage or summer house is a profitable solution that allows you to expand your living space. For savings usable area in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. At the same time, a compact staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.
Stylish and compact staircase configurations
Small stairs are installed to save money usable space. In their manufacture, they make it so that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the safest design in your home.
Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.
Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.
Single-march
Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.
Designers decide for this on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side. 
Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.
Swivel
Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.
lucky corner solution for a small area Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:
- Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
- Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
- Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
- Security. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.
screw
Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. The minimum plan dimensions for a floor height of 3 m are 130x130 cm.
The steps are attached to vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.
However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. Wooden models give the house an atmosphere of comfort.
folding
If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install in country house folding type structure. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.
It is allowed to install such a model in any area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.
There are several varieties of such products:
- telescopic;
- retractable;
- folding;
- sectional.
The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, it will be possible to go down it only with your back forward.
When choosing a suitable type of construction of small dimensions, look at overall design premises. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for giving is mounted where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.
Small Solutions
If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.
Modular designs
When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. The modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in terms of, and adding the right amount elements allows you to dial an arbitrary height.
Install them in openings different widths and length. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of the residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to the residence of persons with handicapped- children and the elderly.
Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:
- Before choosing, measure the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
- It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
- For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
- The design of the structure is created taking into account general style premises.
With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.
Staircase "goose step"
Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When resizing a run, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for arranging stairs.
The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.
This design can be the highlight of the whole interior. The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.
Important Convenience and Safety Issues
When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:
- compact dimensions;
- security;
- travel comfort.
The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the staircase is made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.
Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can use the installation of handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.
Safety regulations:
- starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
- gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
- the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
- for the convenience of grabbing a hand, handrails are created with an optimal diameter - 32-60 mm;
- all steps must be the same height.
Optimal dimensions fences and handrails When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free ones.
Yesterday, when driving along the highway through private sectors, we met only those that were similar to each other. But a person strives for comfort, wants the home to be different from the rest. Two or three-storey buildings no longer surprise anyone. But if there is more than one floor, you should take care of access to the premises from above. This prompted us to the topic of today's conversation - in a private house with our own hands. The scheme of such a design is not complicated, but requires careful calculations, compliance with the required parameters. We will figure out what types of such structures are found, how they are mounted, what is the cost of the finished structure.
There are 4 types of structures:
- marching;
- screw;
- ladders on the rails;
- combined.
Important! Each of the types has separate design features that ensure the use of the design for a particular situation. The choice depends on free space, financial opportunities home master.
Let us consider in detail the features of each of the types, comparing them in detail.
Varieties of mid-flight stairs
People deal with such constructions every day. Any entrance of an apartment building is equipped with steps of a marching type. Such stairs can be characterized as follows: climbing stairs, climbing in a different direction. Similar designs are most common in private homes. There are several reasons for this:
- ease of installation- a home master without experience will cope with the work (subject to certain rules and instructions);
- they are easy to use- lifting a bulky load or using the stairs by the elderly, children, will not be a problem;
- variety of possible executions- having mounted the winder steps, the main structure is made serpentine, bending in any direction.
Spiral staircases to the second floor: features and disadvantages
Such elements are mounted. They do not take up much space, but installation is more complicated than the marching version. Such stairs to the second floor (wooden or metal - it doesn’t matter) are applicable only on condition that they will not climb oversized cargo(wardrobes, sofas). Operation in such a "key" is impossible due to small dimensions. On the other hand, such elements are mounted in order to save the usable area, which needs only 1.5-2 m 2 for their construction.
Visually, screw structures seem lighter than other types. The load here falls on the central support - a pipe or beam, around which the steps are located. But external lightness should not deceive experienced craftsman. If the calculations are correct, such steps can withstand weights up to 200 kg. Another advantage is the visual expansion of space. This is noticeable in rooms with low ceilings. You can not ignore the cost of materials, which are required less than for the arrangement of other types.
Aesthetic appearance also occupies not the last place among the advantages. A finished spiral staircase to the second floor can revive even a nondescript one, bringing originality and originality.
Stairs on the bolts: what are they
This type stands apart from others. The difference from the rest is maintainability. The damaged step changes without prejudice to the rest of the details - you do not have to disassemble the structure. Installing this type of stairs in the house to the second floor will add charm and aesthetics to the interior of the home. Appearance depends on usage.
Design features of combined elements
A home craftsman can combine different designs, taking the best from each type. The limitation here is only the limit of the imagination, therefore it is impossible to talk about all the options for combinations.
Do-it-yourself interfloor stairs for private houses, according to personal project, are exclusive. It is impossible to find two identical designs. This does not apply to items. industrial production, which are ordered via the Internet or directly from the company that manufactures them. Uniformity, "blurred" look becomes the reason for the popularity of self-design and installation of flights of stairs by home craftsmen.
Materials for the manufacture of flights of stairs
For the manufacture of such elements, wood, stone (to which concrete can be attributed) and specially made high-strength glass are used. Making stairs to the second floor from wood or metal is the cheapest, most affordable and therefore a popular option.
Advantages and disadvantages of wooden stairs
The tree at all times was considered the most environmentally friendly pure material. In addition, wood is positive energy. If we compare the premises with wooden and metal structures, in the first case, the house seems warmer, more comfortable than in the second.
Despite the high cost, home craftsmen are increasingly choosing noble types of wood for the manufacture of railings, balusters, steps. For their manufacture, oak, beech or mahogany are used. Do not think that it is pointless to invest such a lot of money because of the fragility of such material - this is a delusion. Properly treated, protected wood can last more than 50 years. And if you take care of the elements, periodically treating them with special compounds, you can say that its service life is not limited.
Stairs on a metal frame and their features
The metal frame can carry steel steps or wooden, glass or concrete (stone) elements. Representing an iron frame, an inexperienced craftsman assumes an unsupportable, heavy structure. However, when right approach it can even turn out to be “airy”, as if soaring.
Important information! If the home master is far from drawings, you can seek help from a professional designer. He will be able to create a project taking into account all the wishes of the owner.
The durability of metal structures is not in dispute - in the absence of increased durability, they will last much longer than the house itself. The type of construction does not matter - products are made from this material various forms, sizes. Paints and enamels are used for decoration, but the combination of ferrous metal with non-ferrous (more often with copper) or stainless steel.
The use of glass or stone for the manufacture of steps
Steps made of durable look chic. However, the high cost of such a material does not allow its use for budget options. Brick, concrete are more suitable for apartment buildings, but natural stone can be beaten in such a way that even masters who have seen many similar designs will be surprised.
Important information! When planning the installation of a straight or corner staircase to the second floor from natural stone or concrete, you should attend to the preparation of the foundation at the design stage of a private house. Otherwise, the whole structure will simply go under the floor under its own weight.
Requirements for flights of stairs
The safety requirements for such structures are regulated by sanitary norms and rules, and specifically by the document SNiP 2.08.01-89 (“Residential buildings”). It is stipulated here that the width of the flight of stairs should not be less than 1.2 m, and the recommended dimensions for height, depth of steps, and slope of the march are also prescribed. Regardless of the individuality of the calculations of each specific case, the requirements of SNiP are subject to mandatory compliance. Otherwise, there is a danger of collapse of the structure or the risk of injury during operation.
Compliance with established standards implies not only safety, but also ease of use. All sizes provided normative documents, are justified by accurate calculations, allowing you to be sure of the convenience of the mounted structure.
We bring to the attention of the reader several photos of projects of wooden stairs in private houses, made by home craftsmen without experience in such work.
Parameters of interfloor flights of stairs: dimensions of steps, angle of inclination and their calculation
Calculation of the angle of inclination, the size of the steps - the most milestone when creating a staircase project for a private house. So to bypass this topic would be a big mistake. Consider the average generally accepted parameters and try to understand how to make the correct calculations.
Related article:
Calculators specially developed by our team will help you to do it. In this publication, we will talk about the types of staircases and figure out how to calculate all the main dimensions.
The width of the flight of stairs: average dimensions and methods of calculation
As already mentioned, the recommended span width is at least 1.2 m. This size allows two adults to disperse on the stairs when moving in opposite sides, and also does not interfere with the transfer of bulky items, pieces of furniture. This does not apply to screw structures - they are designed to replace the standard flight of stairs in limited space conditions.
Step height: convenient calculation of parameters
This parameter also has an average recommended figure, which is 12-25 cm. It turns out that any size limited to the specified range will be correct. The exact figure depends on the average step length of a person, the angle of inclination. Calculations can be made, which will exclude the human factor, which means that the result of the calculations will be deprived of the possibility of error.
Online calculator for calculating the dimensions of a flight of stairs
If you decide to install a corner staircase to the second floor, then a situation may arise when, in order to save space, it would be more rational to construct winder steps instead of a platform. Such a rotation scheme is quite convenient and less cumbersome. But do not forget that the design with winder steps has disadvantages that must be taken into account. This article will tell you about how to make a corner staircase to the second floor with your own hands.
Security
Properly designed drawings will make it possible to reduce all shortcomings to a minimum. To do this, several requirements must be taken into account:
- step depth. For convenience, the width of the steps in narrow and wide places should be from 10 to 40 centimeters, respectively;
- the middle of all winder steps must be made of the same depth, but not less than 20 centimeters;
- from 12 to 22 centimeters is optimal height steps;
- the tread should not be allowed to protrude more than four centimeters.
- in the event that you are going to build a structure with a turn of 180 degrees, then the distance between the marches should be at least a quarter of the width of the steps;
- 2 meters is the ideal distance between the ceilings of the stairs and its march.
When designing an L-shaped staircase scheme, the following formulas must be taken into account (where e is the depth of the step, j is the height of the step):
When choosing the latter option, the segment of movement ac is postponed, as the diagram shows. On the curved section, lay off the straight lines b - this is the width of the step. After that, we calculate required amount running steps. Let these be steps 1, 2, 3 and 4. A straight line EB is laid across the edge of step 4, on which the point "B" is the intersection of the lines EB and CA. After that, the line AD is randomly drawn from the point “A”, the following points are indicated on it: 2, 3 and 4. This must be done so that the length of the segment 2A corresponds to two parts, the line 23 corresponds to three, and the segment 34, respectively, to four . This means that for one part it is necessary to take segment 1, equivalent to some unit of measurement (for example, cm).
Connect point 4 with point B. After that, straight lines must be drawn from points 2 and 3 to line AB, they must be parallel to B4. We connect the points that you marked on AB with 3 and 2, which are located along the line ac. These drawn segments establish the structure of winders.
erection
And now let's find out how to build a winder ladder with your own hands.
The staircase with an angular turn contains two marches. One march consists of 8 steps, the last of which goes to the floor of the upper floor. In another march - 2 steps. Winder steps turned out 3 pieces with a rotation angle of 30 ° .:
A staircase with an angular turn is built on 2 stringers with dimensions of 50x300x3000 mm, one of them is attached to the wall, the other is mounted on a pole, the dimensions of which are 100x100x2500 mm. First you need to purchase steps with parameters 900x300x40 mm and a turntable with dimensions 900x900x40 mm, cut winder steps and balusters from it.
Manufacturing of stringers
The first step is to prepare a template, as shown in the video. This is right triangle, its legs correspond to the depth of the tread, as well as the height of the riser. Using this template, we intend the kosour, after which we cut off everything that is not needed using circular saw. Do not forget that in the place where the kosour is thinnest, its width cannot be less than 150 mm.
In the support column, the first step is to make one groove. It is into it that the kosour is inserted.
It is necessary to make a small supporting structure, which is needed for strutting the wall stringer, and will also serve as the basis for the winder steps. At the top of the stringers you need to fix the metal corners.
winder steps
It is necessary to take several boards with dimensions of 90x90x4 cm. If you need to make a 90-degree turn at the stairs, you can do with three steps. We divide the board into 3 parts by segments that come out of one point of the selected corner. Align the length of the steps.
Mounting
We make grooves in the column, they are needed in order to attach winder steps to it, as shown in the photo. Now you need to modify the installed support structure in such a way as to lay steps on it. Using self-tapping screws, we fasten the rotary steps to the frame, and the inner ends must be inserted into the grooves, previously smeared with a mixture of PVA glue with sawdust.
With self-tapping screws with recessed heads, we fasten straight steps. With the help of a bowstring we fasten the second flight of stairs. The edge of the bowstring must be cut in such a way that you can then easily mount the entrance pole.
Handrail installation
To install balusters, small holes are drilled in the steps, with a diameter slightly smaller than the dowel for fastening, and coated with glue inside. The same groove is made in the center of the balusters.
We stretch the rope along all the balusters to determine the angle of inclination of the handrails and cut off everything superfluous. Now the balusters are ready to install handrails on them. They are perfectly fastened with self-tapping screws, which can be beautifully hidden with the help of various fittings or putty, as seen in the ofto.
Summing up
An angled winder staircase is a great way to save space in your home. Using the recommendations that are given in this article, you can quite easily build a staircase with winder steps for a summer residence and at home with your own hands. But I advise you first of all to develop drawings of the upcoming structure with all the necessary calculations so that the structure will serve you for more than one year.
