The composition of the premises of the apartment. Types, purpose and sizes of rooms depending on the area of ​​​​a private residential building How to name the rooms differently

One of the first topics in learning English is the name of the rooms in the house in English. Without knowing these words, it is impossible to describe the place where you live.

We bring to your attention English words with transcription, as well as with examples, naming almost everything existing rooms in the house.

First floor:

Entrance through a small porch (2 m²).

Tambour - 2.27 m² (room for heat regulation of air from the street). On the left along the wall there is a place for a hanger - here we leave outerwear and shoes in which the owners have just arrived and are going to go again (for example, you take care of the garden and went in for something for a minute, the children are walking and came to drink water, etc. .). To the right is the boiler room. It's convenient that it's near the entrance. Plus there is access from home (no need to get dressed and go out). The plan shows the opening of the door, the door is always closed, it is often not necessary to go to the boiler room.

The corridor. On the left at the entrance there is a place for a bedside table / shelves for a handbag and keys. Along the right wall are wardrobes with sliding doors. In the center of the closet there is a passage to the dressing room. Fur coat / coat, which is actively worn this season, is hung in these wardrobe cabinets (sections on the left and right). AT dressing room(6.86 m²) clothes and shoes of other seasons are stored. You can also leave the clothes of a large number of guests in it if they came to the event all at once.

Bathroom - 3 m². Accommodates shower, sink and toilet. It can be used as a guest at the entrance, a day room for residents of the house and the owners of bedroom 1.

Bedroom 1 - 10.22 m². Can be used as a guest room, grandmother's bedroom, adult child's bedroom, study or children's playroom. There is a double bed with a mattress 1.4 m wide with comfortable passages on both sides of the bed (the mattress can be 1.6 m wide, there will be room for passage) and a wardrobe.

Living room - 25.65 m². Separated from the entrance area and the guest (sleeping) area. The door to the living room is located in such a way that when it is opened by those sitting on the sofa or behind dining table the toilet is not visible (if someone gets up from the sofa and passes the door to the bathroom, it is provided that the toilet in the bathroom is not visible - only the sink is visible). The living room is divided into 2 zones - relaxation (sofas + armchairs + coffee table + TV) and a dining area (instead of a separate dining room). The dining area is well lit - opposite the table on both walls of the window. Relaxation area with subdued artificial lighting, there is no window opposite the TV - there will be no glare on the screen.

Kitchen - 16.34 m². There is a passage to the kitchen from the corridor: right from the entrance, in order to immediately bring food, for example. The second entrance to the kitchen is through the living room, separated by double doors. Doors can be sliding or hinged, glass or wooden. The door can also be single leaf. The partition between the kitchen and the living room can be omitted at all at the request of the owners. In the kitchen, the working area is allocated with the letter G. In this situation, on square kitchen free round table for breakfast for 4-5 people. The table is placed by the window, there is a glass door to the terrace.

Terrace - 25.79 m². The plan is open, without a canopy. Maybe with a canopy, partially glazed, steps can be located in the place where it is most logical in a particular area. You can mirror the kitchen onto the terrace and make a summer kitchen with a barbecue there. Terrace may or may not be done. Make a second porch or not make a door to the street from the kitchen at all.

Second floor:

3 bedrooms - 22.28 m², 16.04 m² and 19.58 m². Bedroom 2 and Bedroom 3 have double beds with a 1.8 m² mattress, and Bedroom 4 with a 1.6 m² mattress. All bedrooms fit bedside tables, wardrobes 2.5 m, computer or work tables. Opposite the bed there is a reserved place for a TV.

2 bathrooms - a toilet with a sink and a small storage system (1.84 m²) and a bathroom (4.28 m²) with a toilet, sink and bathtub.

Laundry room - 4.41 m². There is a washer and dryer, a large storage system, a worktop, an ironing board. Linen does not have to be dried in the bathroom or on the terrace.

This 10 by 10 layout is universal. It has all the necessary standard functionality for comfortable life families of 4-5 people.

If you want to open a children's playroom, but you can't find a suitable name, the examples and classification below will help you do it. right choice. This article describes the basic principles for the formation of bright and thematic names for children's playrooms, as well as many examples of already operating halls throughout the country.

Principles for constructing names for children's playrooms

As a rule, the owners of such halls try to give them names that in one way or another will be associated with fun, childhood, and play. The main categories of such names are described below and the basic principles of their formation are explained.

1. Names that include the words "game", "play", "game". This group of names for children's rooms is one of the most popular. By combining the above words with others, you will get an interesting and thematic name for your gym. So, such names as "Game City", "Play", "Game Time" sound great and perform their direct function - they report on the specifics of the room and attract both children and adults.
2. Names with the inclusion of the words "children", "children", "kids". In fact, this category of names differs from the previous one only in the keyword. Titles such as "Kids in Business", for example, will attract parents who can do their own thing at the right time for them.
3. Names that include the words "cheerful", "fun", "joy". "Fun Jump", "Happy Panda", "Merry Island" - these names are great options for a nursery game room. Take a Russian or English word associated with joy and fun and combine it with another word, whether it's "jungle", "island", "world", "planet", etc. So you get a concise, thematic and catchy version of the name.
4. Other names. Like it or not, even if the name of the children's playroom does not fall into any of the above categories, it still belongs to the "children's" theme. You can use the names of animals, for example, "Owlet", "Smart Rabbit", "Snail", etc., characters from cartoons and fairy tales, for example "Kapitoshka", "Gingerbread Man", and fabulous names: "Forest of Wonders" , "Lukomorye", "Magic Country". Do not limit your imagination, but remember that the name should be not only thematic, but also catchy, concise - it is necessary that it is well remembered and easy to pronounce.

Examples of names for children's playrooms

Names that include the words "game", "play", "game"

Names with the inclusion of the words "children", "childish", "kids"

Names that include the words "cheerful", "fun", "joy"

Other titles

For those who want to move from an apartment to a private house, is dedicated.

Living in a city apartment, a person somehow does not realize that his housing can be a set of premises with different functionality. What does the inhabitant of a city apartment in a high-rise building see? Two or three rooms, a separate or combined bathroom, a kitchen of 9 or 12 square meters, a small corridor and a scanty pantry.

To have a slightly different set of premises, you either need to pay an indecent amount of money at the stage of buying an apartment or immediately invest in the construction of a studio apartment, and then cut it and build partitions in your home to your taste.

When the time comes, and yesterday's occupant of the apartment is ready to move to permanent residence in the city or, he faces a difficult choice.

It turns out that it is not enough to choose what material the house will be built from, what shape the roof will be, or what kind of boiler will heat the house. It is also necessary to plan the internal maintenance of the house, decide what rooms should be in a private house and how many there should be, as well as what area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises is optimal for his family.

A house is a place that you build for many years, and where your family will live.

This is where the third-generation city dweller's lack of experience in planning their living space comes into play. After all, when everything is decided for you, up to the fact that you first live in a “odnushka”, then you move to a “kopeck piece” and then to the limit of dreams - a “three-ruble note”, then where does the skill of independent planning come from?

A city dweller comes to a construction organization, where he is offered standard project and they say - in your house there will be 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house will be 100 square meters. And the city dweller, who lived his conscious life in two-room apartment with a total area of ​​48 square meters, he immediately says "I take it."

The organization is building a house, everything is on schedule, the family goes to see how they are progressing. Then, at the end of construction, there is a solemn surrender of the house, champagne, flowers, a curtain. The construction is over, it's time to move in.

At first, the family is delighted, there is so much space, many rooms and even a staircase to the second floor, which in the conditions of the city only local nouveaux riches in two-level apartments can afford.

However, time passes and the family in a private house is faced with some inconveniences, which are called "the real operation of the house by living people."

In the course of this operation, moments are clarified that should have been thought about at the planning stage. Namely, what rooms should be in a private house, and where and how they should be located.

What rooms must be in a private house

Without reference to specific quadratures, let's go through the composition of the premises in a modern private house. To understand what rooms and ancillary facilities are needed, let's turn to the experience of operating a house by real owners.

So, first things first, the bedrooms. Without them, nowhere, you need to sleep somewhere. How many bedrooms should the house have? How many people live in it, so many bedrooms minus one. A family of 4 should have 3 bedrooms, a family of 3 should have two. A family of two may not have a bedroom at all if they are young people. They can love each other in the living room, in the kitchen, and even in the hall. Great power is this love! But as soon as they have their first child as a result of this mutual love, they will immediately need a bedroom for themselves, and at least 1 nursery.

The house is not built for one year, which means it is worth thinking about the future. Even if you just got married, plan one bedroom and 1 nursery, as well as 1 more room in reserve for a second nursery. And there is nothing to shirk, the country needs you, it is necessary to raise the birth rate!

• Laundry. Of course, she's comfortable. And many owners have a laundry in a private house. But washing machine can be placed in a large bathroom or in utility room, in the pantry, where you can stretch cold water and fan pipe.
• The office is a library. This is already from an excess of funds. Of course, if your family loves to read, if you have collected several thousand books in your life, then they need to be stored somewhere. However, if there is a question of a quick move from an apartment to a private house, then both the office and the library can be neglected.
• You can also neglect the cinema hall. That is, the place where there is a huge sofa for 10 seats and a simply indecent HD TV with a home theater. This place is the most interesting thing in the house, especially if you have a large package of satellite TV channels connected. But it is quite possible to do without it.
• And, finally, the halls on each floor, where you can put, where you can arrange chairs, where you can sit in the winter cold by a live fire. It is quite possible to get by with compact corridors that provide access to bedrooms or other rooms.

Why did I write about the premises in a private house, which you can do without? And besides, if you are building a house for yourself, then you should not save on yourself. A good house should have bedrooms, a dining room, and big kitchen along with pantries and a boiler room. And also there should be a library, an office, a cinema hall and halls with fireplaces.

My house has it all. What will be in your house is up to you. Just remember that you are building a house for a long time. happy life, in which, in addition to everyday life and worries, there is a place for joy and pleasure.

Sincerely, Vitaly Sokolov, Kungur, Perm region

Delightful, nevertheless, there were once words - “mezzanine”, “entre”, “enfilade”, “basement”, “mezzanine”, “ clean rooms"," state-owned apartment. Today, not everyone knows what it is.

Layered functional zones

Dwelling house, dwelling place, vitalische, abode, shelter, living quarters, dwelling, lived, dwelling- a place to live.

Apartments- functional areas.

Front apartments. Residential apartments. Apartments can be a floor (mezzanine, basement, mezzanine). At the barbershop special apartments for ladies. It is also used in the meaning of "half": master's apartment, children's apartment. In addition, an apartment can also denote a separate room in a house or a separate apartment.

Half- a functional area that focuses on its belonging to family members. It almost never makes up half of the house or floor, but only a part. Children's half(two or three rooms). Host half, guest / Hired (hired) half in rental houses. Male half. The female half. Brother's half. half of the parents. Half sons.

In the hut - clean and black halves.

enfilade- row, order, goose, low.

1) a number of doors, arches, openings located in the alignment;

2) a number of rooms, the doors of which are located in the alignment. Enfilade front, city, park, residential, dining room.

Apartment (hvatera, vatera)- premises rented (hired) for temporary residence. Apartments in tenement houses, originally intended for rent. Separate zones or premises can be rented out in residential buildings. Entire houses and even manor complexes can be rented out - in this case they are also called apartments.

An apartment differs from a hotel, an inn, a doss house, and tavern rooms by its greater constancy of residence.

Apartments for the military- wait personnel military units in the living quarters of the civilian population.

Government apartments civil officials (director of a gymnasium or library, professor of the Academy, etc.) are kept at the expense of the treasury (maintenance costs, repairs, furniture, lighting, firewood).

Antre- entrance to the house. It can be used in the meaning of the front hallway, vestibule, cold vestibules and openings proper. The Russian word entrance was also used in the same meaning.

Entrance- a place at the entrance to the house, intended for the entrance of carriages. After the master got out of the carriage, the coachman or driver took the carriage aside, to a specially designated place, so as not to interfere with the approach of others. The entrance could be in the form of a ramp - an inclined access roadway. The entrance porch itself, the door, the entrance, the closed vestibule of the tambour type could also be called the entrance.

Porch- external entrance to the house, maybe open- stairs and platform indoor- with an umbrella and closed- in the vestibule, which can serve as a cold hallway. Can be combined with a veranda. Red porch, front, front, reception, elegant- main entrance for hosts and guests. The porch is black, rear, girlish, yard, household- another porch for servants, courtyard people.

On the front porch, welcome or high-ranking guests are met, and on the porch they are escorted.

Tea parties can take place on the porch.

The porch is often a favorite place to relax.

From the front porch, a footman calls a carriage for guests to the entrance.

Pryaslo, floor, tier, housing, living, living, communication- the space between the floors of rooms, the floors of which are on the same level. Floors in a residential building.

Quantitative designations: first second Third etc.

Mezzanine floor, front floor, red tier, red housing, red communication- the most representative floor containing front (reception) rooms. In a residential building, the mezzanine from the side of the street was single-tier(front rooms), from the side of the courtyard - bunk(living rooms). The mezzanine belongs undividedly to the gentlemen.

lower floor- the first in a row, was called so in those cases when the second was the mezzanine. The lower floor could contain a front suite, however, in the general hierarchy of the premises of the house, it ranks lower than the mezzanine suite. The lower floor could be used as housing for both owners and servants, sometimes the entire lower floor was assigned to courtyard people.

From the master's on the lower floor there can be a nursery, a library, an office. There are also rooms for guests and tutors. From the working rooms there could be a kitchen with the rise of dishes to the mezzanine dining room along a separate staircase or special lifts. Shops, taverns, warehouses, craft workshops could be located in merchant houses on the lower floor.

Half tiers:- mezzanine and sub-entresol rooms, which almost never make up half the mezzanine height: under mezzanine floor above the mezzanine, and in total they are greater than the mezzanine height.

The mezzanine can be called mezzanine.

One and a half story house- a one-story house with a mezzanine. Large mezzanines were considered a floor.

Mezzanine- 1) the upper mezzanine of the rear mezzanine rooms; 2) in rooms of sufficient height in part of the room, another floor level with a ladder was arranged - to increase the usable area. In the XVIII century. the front window opening was divided into two parts, of which the upper (fanlight) illuminated the mezzanine. In the 19th century the mezzanine floor had its own windows. Children of middle and older age, teachers, governesses settled on the mezzanines, arranged guest rooms as well as choirs.

Mezzanine (mezzanine, superstructure, tower, half-tier, half-dwelling, tower, room)- the upper floor is only above a part of the main facade, as a rule - above the middle one. The mezzanine is a residential floor for older and middle-aged children, tutors, governesses, for guests, relatives.

Belvedere— 1) rooftop building. It differs from the mezzanine in that it is intended not for housing, but for admiring landscape views, for this reason it is most often round in plan; 2) the name belvedere can be worn by gazebos in a garden or park; 3) some palaces in Europe were called belvederes.

Flashlight- 1) is most often used in the meaning bay window, i.e. a ledge in a wall suspended or on consoles, with well-lit interiors thanks to three-sided lighting. The most common functions are: an office, an artist's workshop, a winter garden; 2) glazed belvederes, or other parts of the house with continuous glazing, could also be called a lantern; 3) a light lantern in the roof to illuminate dark interior spaces.

Dovecote- a light superstructure on the roof, or a place in the attic where pigeons are bred and kept.

Basement, nodklet, podyzbitsa, semi-basement, cellars, ground floor - floor, the floor level of which is buried below the daytime surface of the soil. If the house is buried in the ground for the most part its height is called basement. Semi-basement submerged by a smaller part of the height. Ground floor is determined by facade characteristics, correlation with order elements, when the plinth is the pedestal of the order system.

A detached glacier can be called cellar.

In the basement can be located working rooms: kitchen, laundry room. The most common use of the basement is warehouses, in residential buildings most often food stores, in merchant houses and in guest yards - manufacturing warehouses, and often shops or tavern halls. The basement in manor manor town houses could be used as housing for courtyard people (humans). From ancient times to the 19th century basements were used for prison cells, punishment cells, home prisons. A library could be placed in a dry basement.

Underground is not a floor, most often it is a pit with a hatch in the floor, small in area and used to store food.

Attic, roof, roof, underroof- the space between the ceiling and the roof. Lofts are also often called attics. In city houses, clothes are dried in attics. In apartment buildings, the attic area is divided according to the number of residents. Often attics are used as closets for storing old, unnecessary trash. The attic space used for housing (mansard) was intended for courtyard people, or was rented out. These were the cheapest apartments for students, artists or elderly people living on rent.

Up, up, up, up- Rooms on the top floor. Usually used with respect to the front floor - mezzanine, mezzanine, upper residential floor. When using the term, they mean not a floor, but a very specific, specific room.

Down, down, down- usually a reference point to the mezzanine rooms or the lower non-ceremonial floor.

Inside- a very common term, usually focused on the interiors of the house.

Gallery- 1) is most often used in the meaning of a long open passage outside buildings (as opposed to a corridor). It can bypass the house along the perimeter, it can adjoin only part of it (for example, a portico).

Gallery single-tier, two-tier, three-tier(in one, two, three floors); 2) can be used in the meaning of a room of considerable elongation; 3) a special room for a collection of art objects; 4) covered passage from one building to another.

Veranda- gallery, glazed from the outside, latticed, landscaped. Can serve as a direct synonym for the term "gallery".

Terrace- a wide, spacious porch with a fence, like a balcony. It differs from the balcony by the obligatory communication with the earth's surface. On the terrace and veranda they relax, drink tea, after dinner - coffee and cigarettes. Children play on warm days.

Rizalits differ from extensions in that they are built or planned simultaneously with the construction of the house.

add-ons, like extensions, not planned by the project.

Premises

room- occupied rented area. It can be an apartment, any room, a barracks, a residential building, a hotel room, a hospital ward.

Room- part of the house, limited by walls, partitions, ceilings. Rooms can be: front, residential, utility. Rooms are not only in a residential building, but also in government offices, in a hospital, in a tavern, in a craft workshop.

clean rooms- residential and front rooms, black rooms - utility, work, household, production.

Front rooms for guests, luxuriously decorated rooms.

Names of rooms: library, sideboard, basket, boudoir, pantry, gallery, wardrobe, upper room, living room, girl's room, children's room, sofa room, housing, hall, dining room, huts, office, prison cell, valet, office (home), punishment cell, cell , pantry, classroom, office, corridor, kitchen, coachman's laboratory, lackey, human, workshop, music room, hotel rooms, figurative (prayer), armory, front, cook's room, bedchamber, laundry, reception room, hasty, checkpoint, hallway, salon, room, secret room, canopy, bedroom, dining room, customs, lavatory, corner (coal), tea room, closet - and other rooms.

Rooms: for guests, for rest, for girls, for tutors (governesses), for breakfasts, for the owner, for grandmother, for the servant, etc.

Possible qualitative characteristics of the rooms: dusty, gloomy, cramped, deserted, separate. Orienting terms: neighboring, (adjacent), adjacent, other, nearest, far, back, last, internal. Indicating belonging: ours, his, hers, mine, in oneself, in one's own, in one's own, to oneself, to her, to him.

The term rest is often used synonymously with the room. It carries the same semantic load.

Sidebar, sidebar- a room to the side, on the side of the functional core. The living room for guests, poor relatives, is usually uncomfortable.

Coal, corner- a room occupying the corner of the house, with two outer walls. It can carry any function: residential, hall, living room, bedroom, dining room, study, pantry, guest room. However, if the room is called a coal room and nothing else, its function is not rigidly fixed, or it is ambiguous.

checkpoint- a room through which communication with other rooms is carried out. Front doors - walk-throughs, as a rule. For residents, this is a significant inconvenience.

A synonym for a room, and a very common one, is the term room. The semantic center of gravity is shifted here towards residential, utility and work premises. In combination with the name of the front rooms, it is not customary to use.

In peasant houses, the term upper room means a clean, summer, living room half, a cold hut.

Upper room can be used to designate a mezzanine (svetelka, tower, teremok, top), attic rooms (attic).

Svetelka, svetlitsa is also used in this sense. It can also mean: 1) a room with red windows; 2) a clean, bright room, a white hut; 3) any room.

Chamber (polata)- 1) front room; 2) a room large in volume and area, for example, a cook's kitchen or a prison cell.

Camera- room, chamber, inner peace.

cell- a monk's house; cellar, pantry; lonely, remote deceased; lonely house; secluded housing; housing of a person leading a secluded lifestyle (girl's cell, cell of a writer, scientist, artist).

Number (number)- numbered rooms in the hotel.

Terms for substandard housing

Cage, cage- a cramped room, a small rest.

Kennel- a small, cramped room, a dirty, dark room.

Nora- a small dark room.

Corner- uncomfortable, uncomfortable, unfurnished housing, often rented, rented, or provided for temporary use.

closet, closet- a small room, a rest, a closet, a pantry, a barn.

front rooms

anteroom, anteroom, front hall - the room preceding the hall. Acts as a receptionist. It can be included in the front suite, but it can also be located separately, however, it belongs to the number of front (reception) rooms. If the first front room in the house is the hall (in the 1st July of the 19th century this is usually the case), then the entrance hall is the front hall.

hall, Hall, first reception, team, assembly- the largest front room in the house, usually the first after the hallway. As a rule, it is part of an enfilade. Adjacent to the hallway, pantry, study, internal corridor, internal staircase to the upper floor, living room, entrance hall. Main functions: reception, dining, dancing. AT big houses there may be separate rooms for receptions, dining and dancing, but in ordinary houses, in most of them, all three functions are combined in the hall.

If there is a piano in the house, it most often stands in the hall, which in this case also serves as a music room. Celebrations, festive and religious ceremonies are performed in the hall: congratulations, engagements, blessings on marriage, the funeral of the deceased.

Often the hall takes on the functions of the living room: communication, card games. If there is a billiards in the hall, then it carries the functions of a billiard room. In the hall, a corner or a separate area for an office or bookcases, as a result of which the functional spectrum of the hall includes the functions of an office. In the hall they can also make a toilet, cut fabrics and sew. Often the hall is used for children's games, less often - as a guest room.

Reception- is used in two meanings: 1) any front room; 2) a special room for receptions. It is usually located at the beginning of the front area. Neighboring rooms: entrance hall, hall.

The reception can serve as an entrance hall, hall or living room, depending on the social status of the guest. In addition, the reception room of the owner is an office or library, the hostess is a boudoir, a front bedroom.

Dining room, dining room, refectory- room for eating. It is located in the front area, or apart, in the immediate vicinity of the buffet. If the house does not have a separate room, the functions of the dining room are taken over by the hall.

In the dining room they have lunch, breakfast, dinner, drink tea, drink and have a snack. In some cases, it can perform the functions of a nursery, guest room, living room, reception room. In the 19th century in summer time in good weather, the dining room could be moved to the garden, to the gazebo, to the porch, terrace or balcony. In addition to the dining room, tea rooms were very popular in the houses - this is a place for family members to communicate with each other or with guests, ladies and girls can read or embroider here, as in the living room.

The living room is a room for receiving guests. The second front room (after the hall). Usually the central room is in an enfilade, between the hall and the main bedroom. In the 1st floor. 19th century two or more living rooms were rarely made.

The living room must be smaller halls, although it was originally designed for the same number of guests: the hall is for dancing, the living room is for a quiet pastime. In the living room, salon or friendly contacts are made. Often the living room is used as a reception room for visitors of the same social level as the owner (the lower strata - peasants, philistines, petitioners, headman, clerk, police officer, priest - are received in the hallway or hall, friends - close people - in the office or boudoir).

They can enter the living room at the report of the footman or without a report, the owner on solemn occasions himself can lead the guest from the hallway (senai) to the living room. If there is a piano in the living room, it serves as a music room. Card games take place in the living room par excellence. The living room can host lunch, breakfast or dinner. If they dine in the hall, drinks and snacks can be served in the living room before dinner. After dinner in the living room they eat dessert, tea, coffee, or just relax. Often the living room is used as a tea room. In the living room, ladies and girls while away their days: they sew, knit, read. Here, with the mother may be young children. Religious ceremonies are held in the living room. The living room is a place for a one-time overnight stay for guests - a police officer, a doctor, an occasional traveler, a landowner-neighbor, and on holidays - the invitees sleep side by side on the floor. Less often, the living room is equipped for permanent housing.

sofa- a room with a sofa or with sofas. It is most correct to call a room with stationary soft sofas occupying a large area of ​​the premises. Borrowed from Turkey, so the sofas closest to the oriental type are low, close to the floor. Essentially, a sofa room is a small living room with the same functions, but more intimate. It can be in an enfilade, but it can also be placed alone.

The sofa is used to receive guests, friends, relatives. Secret and sincere conversations are conducted in it - in the Moscow house of Khomyakov this room was called the "talking room". The guitar is a frequent guest here. In the sofa they can thread tea, relax after dinner, sometimes arrange guests for the night.

The sofa can be combined with a library or office.

Salon- a room for social receptions, closest in function to the living room, with which it can be combined. It is possible to combine the salon with the hall, and often with the hall and the living room - at the same time.

portrait, that is, a room whose walls are hung with family portraits can be a sofa, a living room, a hall, and a dining room. The name “portrait” is a decorative and artistic semantic landmark, while the main functional load of this room is from the living room or hall.

Separate music room rarely visited houses, most often it was combined with a hall, less often with a living room, even more rarely with an office. A sign of the music room is the piano standing in it.

Boudoir, master's, teremok, svetelka, gorenka- the mistress's room, her study, the reception room and the living room, when it is separated from the bedroom. Can be combined with a bedroom. Despite the chamber intimate character, functionally the boudoir belongs more to the front than to the residential area. The owner's room could also be called a boudoir.

Bosquet, bosquet- the front room, the walls of which are decorated with decorative painting under the natural greenery of the park, under the gazebo. Usually carries the functions of a living room, tea room, boudoir.

billiard room- a special room for playing billiards. Refers to the number of front rooms, most often not in an enfilade, but apart. Can be combined with pantry.

living rooms

bedroom, bedroom, bedchamber, bedchamber, bedchamber- sleeping room.

tumble, tumble, tumble- more often means a common bedroom; in the villages - for the whole family - in the superstructure or in the basement.

Dortoir, dortoir- a common bedroom in monasteries, hospitals, boarding houses.

In the master's house there may be master bedroom, master bedroom, shared bedroom, front bedroom.

Dormitory- for spouses.

Master bedroom- usually in the 1st half of the 19th century. coincides with the main bedroom - the room that closes the enfilade, which at the same time serves as a women's study, boudoir, living room, dressing room, reception room, work room of the mistress of the house.

Not far from the sleeping hostess should be placed children's for younger

children (up to 6 years old), girl's, toilet (restroom), if it is separate room.

front bedroom- as part of the front area.

Men's bedroom- usually combined with an office, located near the hall and the servants' room. Next to the men's bedroom can be valet.

Toilet, restroom- a special room for dressing. Located next to a separate bedroom - both women's and men's. Should have the shortest and most convenient communication with the dressing room, or combined with it.

Cabinet, working, hiding place, treasury, office- a room for solitary homework.

Cabinet- the room belonging to the owner is located at the back of the house, not far from the hall and hallway, Separate mistress's office possible, mainly when the owner does not live in the house. Usually, the hostess's office is her bedroom (the last room in the enfilade). If there is one owner in the house, without a hostess, his office, combined with a bedroom, can also be located in the last room of the front suite.

An office can be a functional unit consisting of several rooms: a work room (or, in fact, an office), a library, a reception room and a lounge.

If there is only one room, it combines all these functions.

In the reception room - the office can be received: relatives, acquaintances, friends, a lady, a doctor, a clerk, a petitioner from the townspeople. The visitor can be received in the office only after the report. On especially solemn occasions, the owner himself meets the guest in the hallway or on the porch, and then escorts him to the office. The study can simultaneously be the master's bedroom, in which he rests not only during the day, but also at night.

In the office, the owner usually deals with economic and financial affairs: he makes orders, checks accounts, writes business letters. Documentary archive, securities, money are stored in the office.

After dinner, the owner rests in the office, or smokes or drinks coffee with the guests. In addition, in the office, the owner can read, play cards, perform a prayer, a rite of blessing for marriage. For an artist, an office is a studio, if the house does not have a separate room for this; a writer writes, for a chemist an office is a laboratory. The office can take on the functions of a living room, salon, portrait, dressing room, dining room, guest room or music room.

An office can be called a room for storing and exhibiting collections. The most common was the armory cabinet (armory, weapons, ordnance room). could be mineral cabinets, botanical, entomological, natural(shell), smoking, artistic, mintzkabinets(collection of coins and medals), zoological rooms.

library, bookstore, bookkeeper, scribe- book storage room

The library is not often located in a separate room. Usually it is combined with an office, less often with a living room, a sofa and a reception room, even more rarely with a dressing room, a dressing room, in a collection room.

The library is usually in the mezzanine, but can also be located on the lower floor or in the mezzanine.

Children's- kids room. The children are sleeping in the nursery. They play not only in the nursery. Actually the playground - the whole house (hall, living room, hallway, girls' room, corridor, study, parents' bedroom). For older and younger children - different nurseries. Nursery of younger children near mother's room (bedroom) and girls' room. Nursery for older children - next to the classroom, the rooms of teachers, tutors, most often removed from the parents' rooms. Diverse older children have different rooms.

Nurses and nannies can sleep in the nursery for younger children, but they can also sleep in the girl's room, and beyond the threshold, in the corridor, on the rug.

Cool- room for home schooling children 6-14 years old. There may be one classroom, but there may be several. The room for gymnastic exercises and fencing and the dance class can be located separately from the classroom.

Figurative, prayer- a room in a residential building, specially designed for prayers. Figurative is not a house church. Icon-painting workshops are also called figurative. The presence or absence of figurative depends on the degree of piety of the owners. In the figurative pray, read books of spiritual content. On major holidays (patronal, Christmas), an invited priest sends a service (vespers, prayer service). During the service in the figurative - gentlemen, in the corridor and in the neighboring rooms - courtyards, on the street - a crowd of peasants and children.

Utility and production areas. Rooms for courtyard people

human- a room or several rooms in a manor house or in an outbuilding (human outbuilding) for courtyard people. Lyudskaya could be called a barracks. They could work in the people's room (making boots, knitting nets), but the main purpose of the people's room is rest, soybeans. The human could be combined with the table. The footman on duty could sleep in the footman's room (hallway). In the human, with rare exceptions, the entire male population of courtyard people was placed.

The dwelling place of the female servant was girlish. Here the girls slept, on the floor, on rugs laid out for the night, and often took food - (table). Due to the fact that the female population of the courtyards, to a lesser extent, served, and for the most part produced goods for sale (yarn, sewing, embroidery), the maiden's served as a workshop, a working room. The girl's room should have a connection with the bedroom, nursery, toilet, dressing room, and also have a separate exit to the black (girl's) porch. Usually the girl's room was located away from the male half of the house, but if she happened to be near the owner's office, they had to be separated by a blank wall.

For the hostess, the girl's room could serve as a reception room for people of the lower classes: the headman, the cook, the yard, poor relatives, the matchmaker, the gardener. Punishments are carried out in the girl's room, and beating a hay girl in the girl's room is not as shameful as in the stable.

In addition to common rooms, courtyard people could have their own special ones. The doorman worked while sleeping in Swiss. The valet could have his own valet. The coachmen were placed in coachman. The carpenter or icon painter lived in his workshop, cook - on kitchen, cook, who, as a rule, was free, from the middle class, certainly had his own room. The nurse and the nanny slept on the floor in the nursery. The uncle, the maid on duty and the footman are on the floor on a rug outside the threshold of the master's room.

Entrance hall, front hall, front hall, servants' room, waiter's room, warm canopy- the first note of the cold hallway is a room in the house.

The main functions of the hallway:

1) The entrance hall is the first heated room, a thermal buffer between the cold air of the cold vestibule and the actively used residential and front areas. 2) In the hallway, when entering, they shake off their shoes, if there are scrapers, they clean the soles, take off their outer clothing, which they either hang on hooks and hangers, or put on tables and benches. When you leave, get dressed. 3) The entrance hall is the working room of the male part of the yard people, a place for them to rest and wait for orders. 4) In the absence of choirs on holidays, an orchestra could be placed here. 5) The entrance hall could serve as a buffet (the next room is the hall, which was used as a dining room). 6) In the hallway they are waiting for the result of the report. When the owner (hostess) goes into the hallway for a conversation and holds an audience there, the hallway serves as a reception room. 7) The entrance hall can be combined with the dining room. 8) The entrance hall may not be one room, but a zone and consist of two rooms: a lackey and a reception room; the servant's room can be combined with a buffet, and the reception room can be combined with a dining room.

Guests are greeted in the hallway and, at parting, they are escorted to the hallway. In some situations, the footman, after the report, escorts the guest from the hallway to the living room or office. The elder is received in the hall. The priest is also not allowed further than the front, where they bring him vodka and snacks.

Warm canopy there are at least two in the house: clean and black. The hallway in front of the front staircase is called lobby.

Office- to manage large farms, offices were established and operated that dealt with economic and economic affairs under the guidance of a manager. The office premises could be located both in the main house (on the ground floor) and in a separate wing.

The office could also be called the office. office could also be called the owner's office, where he was engaged in economic and financial affairs, received the headman, contractors, petitioners, compiled and checked accounts, kept money and securities.

Workshop called a room or several rooms in the house (outbuilding) for special work related to the creativity of the owner.

Workshop of the artist (sculptor, painter) can be in a room specially designed for this, or in any room equipped for work (in the hall, living room, office).

In a city house there may be craft workshop- sewing, icon painting, (figurative), wallpaper. One of the most common was carpentry workshop- for household needs of the estate.

Shop- a room in rows or a residential building for trade.

Wardrobe, wardrobe, wardrobe, clothes- a room for storing clothes. Sometimes combined with a ladies' toilet, restroom. In the men's house, it can be combined with a library, an armory, a reception room. Clothes are stored in wardrobes and chests of drawers.

Pantry- a separate storage room.

Lumber room- a small storage room. Used to store household items, food, wine, clothes, weapons, dishes, utensils, jewelry, money, books, furniture, paintings, old trash. Sometimes they sleep, especially in the summer, most often servants, footmen, valet, courtyard people. The keys to the pantry are with the hostess, the housekeeper, the housekeeper, the cook.

Kitchen, cookery, cooking, cooking- a room or an outbuilding for cooking master's food. It should have a convenient connection: with a pantry (glacier), a dining room (buffet). The kitchen is the home of the cook, and often the maid. When guests are treated in the hall, dining room, living room, their servants (valet, maid, coachman) are in the kitchen.

For courtyard people they could cook separately, in a separate room, which was called human kitchen or hasty. The master's kitchen, or the kitchen where they cooked for both masters and people, could also be called hasty.

In the house, next to the dining room could be located buffet, buffet, where tableware and table linen were stored. The pantry should have the shortest convenient communication with the kitchen. In the buffet, dishes await their order of serving to the table. A man from the kitchen carries dishes to the pantry. In the pantry, dishes are taken, served, heated and, on command, handed over to the footmen for serving to the table. From the master's table, the uneaten food returns to the pantry and is eaten there by the courtyards. Kvass, wine, vodka are stored in the pantry. In the pantry they serve tea or vodka to the servants of the guests. If the house does not have a separate buffet room, then in the dining room (hall) a small area with a buffet is allocated, where tableware and table linen are stored.

table, shabby- a dining room for courtyard people, often combined with a fresh one. Could be combined with a girl's. Table - a place of communication of courtyards. In the fall, cabbage cutting takes place in the table.

Laundry, washing- rooms where they wash and iron clothes. Usually located on the ground floor, basement or in a separate outbuilding.

Locker, cold- in some houses there is a special room, where for offenses, in anticipation of punishment, courtyard people were imprisoned.

corridor called a narrow long room inside the house, through which the rooms are connected to each other. The corridor allows you to make neighboring rooms not passable.

In a residential building, the corridor can be combined with a vestibule or an internal staircase. The corridor is not only a zone of internal communication, for domestic servants, it is also a residential zone. The maid girl or the uncle could sleep in the corridor at the door.

In large rooms (halls), corridors could be organized using screens.

ladder, ladder- stepwise ascent (descent), connecting different levels floors. The house, as a rule, has several stairs, the need for which is due to the degree of isolation of individual functional areas.

Front, master staircase- leads to the front and living rooms. Back, black, maiden staircase- for courtyards. Along the same stairs, dishes from ground floor or kitchen outbuilding. Internal staircase — in the inner corridor. Mezzanine staircase, stairs to the mezzanine; loft ladder. Spiral staircase.

Outhouse, outhouse, right place, departure, latrine, latrine room, waste rest, waste place, latrine room, retreat, retreat place - a room for the administration of natural needs. Settled next to the front entrance, sometimes at the girl's porch. Usually not heated.

Water closet- an improved latrine, where sewage is washed off with water and special valves are closed with water, preventing bad air from entering the room. Water closets must be heated.

Place for the ship- a small dark room (closet, closet under the stairs), where there is a container for the mandrel, which the servants regularly empty and wash.

In the bathroom, bathroom- there is a bath for washing. The bathroom area (apartment) can contain several rooms: the actual bathroom, toilet, water closet.

Baths- floating structures on the water were also called baths.

Bath- a building or room in the house containing washing rooms and a steam room. In the estate, there are usually two separate baths - for the masters and for the courtyard people (the master's bath and the people's bath).