Monolithic concrete staircase - the strongest and most durable. Therefore, it is she who is most often present in capital concrete or brick houses with several floors. The term of "life" of such a concrete structure without repair is calculated in decades. Timely repair can make it almost eternal. At the same time, despite the monumentality, it is not at all difficult to make a concrete staircase on your own. Consider all the steps that need to be taken to build a monolithic concrete staircase, step by step.

If you want to understand in more detail, then read on.

Stage #1. Selecting the type of stairs

First you need to choose the shape and type of staircase design. By design, all monolithic concrete stairs can be divided into straight (one-flight and two-flight) and spiral (spiral).

The simplest option is a straight single-flight staircase inscribed between two walls. In this case, the end parts of the stairs, as such, are absent and the formwork elements are attached directly to the walls.

It is more difficult to build a mid-flight staircase based on only one wall. To decorate the free end of such a staircase, one side part is added to the formwork structure.

Exist marching stairs without supports on the walls, that is, they rely only on two points - the upper and lower floors. To build such a staircase, it is necessary to assemble the formwork with two side parts.

Despite the simplicity of the device, it is not always possible to build a single-flight staircase of the required height in an ordinary house. Or rather, there is not enough space to install it. Then they build a two-flight staircase, the flights of which are located at the required angle between themselves (traditionally 90 °). Such structures come with inter-march platforms or winder steps.

However, the most decorative (but also difficult to implement!) Among the monolithic stairs are spiral structures. The difficulty lies in the manufacture of formwork irregular shape, which can form a curved staircase. For such formwork, a lot of piece-made curvilinear and bent panels are used. Also time-consuming is the knitting of an irregularly shaped frame.

Spiral staircases can rest on one wall or be located at a distance from the walls, that is, they can have two side faces of their own.

So for home master, who does not want to use the services of professionals, it is better to prefer a straight single-flight staircase for construction.

Stage #2. Design calculation

Before starting the construction of a staircase, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation of all its elements. And develop a drawing indicating the dimensions of the structure, the number of steps, their width and height.

Climb angle

The first important characteristic is the angle of elevation (tilt), on which the height and length of the stairs depend. Given the same height, a 25° staircase will always be longer than a 35° or 45° staircase. For example, a staircase with an angle of 25 ° and a height of 3 m forms a span projection of 6.4 m. A ladder of the same height with an angle of 35 ° - a projection of a span of 4.3 m. A staircase with an angle of 45 ° - a projection of a span of 3 m.

In other words, to build a staircase with a span angle of 25°, it is necessary to spend 2.35 times more materials than when building a staircase with an angle of 45° (with the same height of both structures).

Step sizes

Having chosen the height and angle of inclination of the stairs, it is necessary to break the structure into steps. Optimal dimensions: step height - 16-20 cm, width - 27-30 cm.

If you make steps higher than 22 cm, then it will be difficult to climb them, especially for older people. People accustomed to the traditional tread pattern will stumble, not bringing the sole of the shoe to the next step when climbing. Falling down is possible. Too low steps (below 15-14 cm) are also uncomfortable. According to them, an adult will "mince". Although they are safer for older people. They are also suitable for children.

As for the width of the steps, it is unreasonable to make them less than 25 cm. The foot will slip when stepping onto the tread. A step width greater than 31-32 cm will force a person to lengthen their stride in order to get to the next step.

When choosing the size of a step, you can use the formula: 2H + L \u003d 60-64 cm. In this case, H is the height of the step (riser), L is the width of the step (tread). For example, the above figures for optimal sizes fit perfectly into the calculations: 2 x 16 cm + 30 cm = 62 cm.

Ladder width

The width of the stairs usually depends either on the distance between the walls where it needs to be entered, or on the presence free space. It is undesirable to choose a width of less than 80 cm. This is too narrow a staircase, going up (down) on which a person will feel like walking through a tunnel. In addition, it is inconvenient (or impossible) to carry furniture along such a ladder. The optimal width is more than 0.9 m.

The calculations of the design of the stairs are detailed in the video:

Stage #3. Formwork assembly

After all the calculations, it's time to create the future outlines of the stairs. That is, to build a formwork into which concrete will be poured in the future.

Formwork assembly is the most difficult stage in the construction of stairs. It requires scrupulous, accurate work with precise alignment of all pre-calculated dimensions of the structure. Any oversight at this stage can lead to the failure of the entire construction project (the shape of the structure will be violated, its dimensions, the surface will turn out to be uncomfortable for subsequent finishing).

For the construction of formwork you will need:

• waterproof plywood (thickness 12-18 mm) or edged board (thickness not less than 30 mm) - for the lower part of the formwork (bottom), flanging and risers;
• waterproof plywood (thickness 6.5-9 mm) - for curved sections (if necessary);
• boards (thickness 50 mm, width 150-170 mm) or support bars 100x100 mm - for props;
• bars 100x100 mm - for connecting sheets of plywood or boards to each other;
• metal corners, wood screws (3.5 mm) - for fastening.

Wooden formwork elements in contact with concrete must be absolutely smooth. Then the concrete surface after hardening will turn out to be smooth, practically not in need of finishing. Therefore, the sides of the boards that are planned to be placed on the inside of the formwork must first be sanded. If smooth plywood is used, then no preliminary leveling actions are necessary.

Formwork is assembled as follows:

1. Expose the lower part of the formwork, on which the entire mass of concrete will be held. To do this, you can use overall sheets of plywood or boards. They are tightly fastened to each other with the help of bars fixed on the outside of the formwork (you can use ready-made wooden shields). From below, the lower part of the formwork is supported by boards or support bars. The step of the props must match the step of the steps.

Formwork elements are usually fastened with self-tapping screws, not nails. The fact is that after the concrete has hardened, the formwork will have to be removed, which is easy to do by unscrewing the screws. It is more difficult to remove nails, so they try not to use them for formwork.

2. The side edges of the stairs are limited by flanging - plywood or edged board. The flanging is also reinforced with boards (bars) from the outside, since by itself it cannot withstand the pressure of concrete. The boards are securely fastened to the flanging, especially if they were set at an angle. At this stage, reinforcement of the structure is usually performed (see stage #4).

3. Install the boards (plywood) of the risers, fixing them to the flanging (or to the wall) using metal corners.

4. All joints of formwork elements (plywood, boards) are covered with cement-sand mortar or leveled with an angle grinder, planer. Such alignment of the formwork walls will allow, at the end of the work, to obtain a smooth, even surface of the concrete staircase. This will facilitate further work for finishers, that is, it will be possible to plaster and perform grinding work on an already finished concrete structure to a minimum.

Stage #4. Knitting and installation of reinforcing mesh or frame

If the staircase is small, then for reinforcement you can use a mesh connected from reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Reinforcing rods are placed in increments of 15 and 20 cm to get a grid with a cell of 15 x 20 cm. The rods are connected to each other with a wire.

For a large staircase, a reinforcing cage is used. It consists of two or more grids interconnected by vertical rods. Between the grids leave a distance of 2-3 cm.

Reinforcing cage(grid) is a kind of "skeleton" of the structure; the frozen concrete mass will be held on it. Therefore, the horizontal rods of the frame (mesh) are fixed in the wall for reliable connection with the future concrete staircase. To do this, holes of the required diameter are drilled in the wall and pins are driven in with a hammer.

The frame or mesh is laid on the lower part of the formwork at a distance of 2-3 cm from the bottom. To raise the reinforcement, you can use stones, bricks or special plastic stands-clamps.

Stage #5. Pouring concrete

For stairs use concrete grade not lower than M200 (class - not lower than B15). It is either kneaded independently using a concrete mixer, or ordered from RBU.

Highly important rule: concrete for stairs should contain crushed stone with a size of at least 10-20 mm. Large crushed stone will help hold the concrete in the space of the steps. Smaller aggregate, on the contrary, will make the concrete mobile and ductile, which will lead to its leakage from the formwork steps.

Filling is performed according to the following scheme:

1. Start pouring from the lower steps. First, 2-3 lower steps are poured with concrete.

2. Compact concrete. Tampering helps to increase the density and strength of the composition, as it removes air pockets from its thickness. Most easy way rammers: after pouring, concrete is pierced with reinforcement in several places. However, this method is not very reliable. It should be remembered that 1% undercompaction of heavy concrete leads to a decrease in its strength by 5-7%! Therefore, professionals prefer to compact concrete not with reinforcement, but with a special mechanism - a construction vibrator.

With any type of ramming, part of the concrete will be squeezed out through the formwork. Extruded concrete is thrown up or down (where there is an insufficient amount of the mixture).

3. The steps are given their final shape by smoothing them with a trowel (trowel).

4. In the same way, all overlying steps are poured.

5. The poured concrete is covered with a film to prevent premature hardening and cracking. Instead of a film, you can use another method: periodically moisten the concrete that has not yet hardened by spraying it with water.

Stage #6. Formwork removal

The formwork is removed carefully, in several stages. First, after a few days (5-7 days), when the concrete mass hardens, the formwork is removed from the steps and the flanging. You need to act carefully. If the concrete is still wet, the formwork should never be removed. Otherwise, the surface of the stairs will be damaged (possibly cracking, chipping).

The steps freed from the formwork and the ends of the stairs are leveled with grinders. It is most convenient to use an ordinary grinder with a circle on concrete, which will make the surface of the stairs smooth and even.

Only after 21-28 days (depending on the weather and the speed of concrete hardening) can the retaining boards and the lower part of the formwork be removed. This is a very important moment. If the support is removed too early, there is a possibility of collapse and destruction of the entire concrete structure.

After the complete removal of the formwork, the lower part of the stairs is subjected to grinding by grinders.

Stage #7. Finishing

For a concrete staircase, there are a lot of different finishes:

• tile;
• laminate;
• wood;
• porcelain stoneware;
• acrylic stone;
• carpet.

However, all these materials, according to technology, must be laid on a flat surface. After removing the formwork on the concrete stairs (especially on the surface of the steps), minor irregularities can be observed: bumps, pits, chips. Therefore, before starting to lay the finish coating on the stairs, all its surfaces are ground and plastered.

Finishing the end parts of the structure usually consists of plastering and painting. Next, the steps are already being finished with one of the above floor materials.

Choosing a ladder reinforcement scheme
Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

Before starting the reinforcement of the concrete stairs, it is necessary to assemble the formwork of the stairs, and then concrete the stairs. How to do it yourself is described in the article Do-it-yourself concrete stairs.

Bar reinforcement is great for reinforcing concrete stairs with simple shapes.

To understand what and why to reinforce, let's look at the forces that arise on a single-flight staircase.

This will be the force of gravity from the own weight of the stairs, its pedestrians, things brought in and other heavy property. All of the above puts pressure on the stairs from above.

At the same time, in the upper part of the stair slab, the concrete is compressed, and in the lower part it is stretched. All this means that concrete, which is weak in tension, needs to be reinforced at the bottom of the stair slab. In the upper part of the staircase slab, in this case, there is no need to reinforce concrete, where concrete will perfectly resist compressive forces without any reinforcement. It should be noted that some private developers, when assembling the reinforcing cages of stairs, lay steel channels, angles, beams, etc. into the formwork on the sides.

Of course, it won’t get any worse, but this is a completely useless waste of metal that is not cheap today. Reinforcement of a concrete staircase with reinforcement at the bottom is more than enough to absorb tensile forces.

The figure shows a reinforcement scheme for a simple single-flight staircase. It can be seen that a single-flight monolithic staircase (without a monolithic platform or winders) is reinforced only in the lower part of the slab, that is, where tensile forces are concentrated.

Sometimes you can find projects where the top of the stairs near the top surface of the concrete is reinforced with a 100x100x5 mm steel mesh. Such a mesh practically does not increase the rigidity of a monolithic staircase in any way, but only protects the steps from chipping in case of accidental strong impacts.
Such a simple nature of the impact on a simple single-flight staircase allows you to use a simplified methodology to draw up a reinforcement scheme.

Define optimal scheme reinforcement of such simple monolithic stairs is quite possible on your own.

Designations in the figure of the concrete staircase reinforcement scheme: working height of the monolithic staircase slab (H), length of the flight of stairs (L).

The distance between the transverse reinforcement (E) is usually chosen to be 40 cm. Bars with a diameter of 10 mm are used as transverse reinforcement. The optimal distance of power reinforcement to the surface is 3 cm.

The height of the working plate of the stairs (H), the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance between the bars of the longitudinal reinforcement (I) is selected according to the table. 1 depending on the free flight of stairs (L).

Table 1. Determination of the longitudinal reinforcement of a single-flight concrete staircase

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the forces that arise in the construction of a monolithic staircase, the reinforcement scheme of the concrete staircase becomes more complicated.

The picture shows that, unlike a conventional single-flight staircase without a platform, its own and useful weight stairs wants to break off the platform, as it were, causing tensile forces in the upper parts of the monolithic platforms.

This, in part, is helped by shrinkage stresses. Therefore, monolithic platforms are reinforced both from below and from above, and the upper reinforcement in the platforms partially continues in the stairs. The parameters of the upper reinforcing cage are selected similarly to the lower reinforcement.

The landings of double-flight stairs are under great effort from the weight of the stairs, and therefore must be firmly fixed to the wall.

In practice, to fix monolithic platforms, reinforced concrete crowns are most often used, which are formed by recesses in the walls with an average size of 20x20 cm. Thus, in order to fix a monolithic concrete platform, strong and thick walls are needed, for example, from concrete, concrete blocks or bricks . With brick walls, free recesses are left in them, and in the case of erecting thick walls of monolithic concrete, wooden trapeziums or foam plastic products of the appropriate size are laid at the site location to the formwork.

If the walls are built using the “thermal house” monolithic casting technology, then it is most practical to monolith the flights of stairs and the landing at the stage of wall construction.

Stairs with monolithic platforms to increase structural rigidity should be attached from above to the reinforcing cage with top and bottom reinforcement.

As for the do-it-yourself concrete staircase reinforcement schemes with winder steps and spiral staircases, their reinforcement schemes with bar reinforcement are too complex and individual.

To compile them, at least, you will have to use special programs for calculations and design of reinforced concrete structures.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase and its finishing options

Therefore, the design of the reinforcement scheme for such stairs is best entrusted to professional designers, especially since the project itself will be relatively inexpensive in the total cost of a complex staircase.

In order for the bars of the reinforcement cage to maintain their design position in accordance with the reinforcement scheme, you need to fasten all the bars of the reinforcement together. For fastening reinforcing meshes, either spot welding or knitting can be used.

There is an opinion that welding leads to a decrease in the strength of the reinforcement, but this is true only if special high-strength reinforcement is used. In this case, indeed, high-strength hardened reinforcement due to heat treatment in places of welding it turns into ordinary building fittings. Such high-strength fittings are expensive and are produced by only a few factories in the CIS on special orders.

For conventional building reinforcement, welding does not harm in any way and is the main method of connecting reinforcing cages in industry.

Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

If there is no welding machine at hand, then the reinforcing mesh can simply be tied with annealed knitting wire using a hook.

Hook for fast binding is convenient to clamp in an electric screwdriver.

It is even more convenient to fasten reinforcing cages with the help of electrical plastic clamps. The truth about this method of connecting fittings is so far hushed up by domestic SNiPs, but this method of bonding is already being used to the fullest abroad and at private construction sites.

To maintain the distance between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement of 3 cm, it is convenient to use plastic clamps, which are sold in construction supermarkets.

For a monolithic staircase, it is preferable to use a retainer shaped like a "chair".

Sometimes it is not possible to assemble a reinforcing cage from continuous bars of the desired length.

It is difficult to do this when connecting on bends, since it is not convenient to bend the reinforcement without a bending machine. In this case, it is possible to connect power reinforcement from pieces. The connection is made by welding or ligament. As welding, the easiest way is to use manual electric arc seam welding between the bars of the reinforcement. When welding the bars with an overlap on both sides of the joint, there must be at least 6 diameters, and with a weld on only one side, at least 12 diameters.

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the diameter of the wire, which is taken to fix two reinforcing meshes, must be at least 6 mm. If the power reinforcement is connected to each other by tying, then the overlap should be (on average) equal to 50 diameters of the connected reinforcement.

If there are several joints to be connected, then they are staggered so that they are at a distance of 0.7–1 m from each other.

The construction of houses, dachas, cottages has recently been one of the most common "hobbies" for most Russians. Who is richer, he hires professional builders, someone is trying to slowly cope on their own. It is this category that most often searches for building advice on the Internet.

It is for those who want to build their own house with their own hands, our guide about how - " How to make a concrete staircase yourself».

Stairs are usually installed in buildings of more than one floor, but sometimes stairs are required to be made into the basement.

After all, not a single private house can do without a basement today. Where else to store the "gifts of nature": potatoes, pickles, preservation and jam?

The most durable and durable is a concrete staircase. And, by the way, the process of its arrangement is quite within the power of a skilled owner.

Calculation of a concrete staircase

If interfloor stairs in a house under construction are planned from concrete, then their calculation is done at the project stage.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands: recommended dimensions, materials and technology

If it became necessary to equip a staircase for descending to the basement or to ground floor, then you should take measurements on the spot, make a drawing for the future structure, and then proceed with its construction. Before you make a concrete staircase yourself, you should consider involving a specialist in the work.

In order for the stairs to be comfortable, it is necessary to remember the standard building codes that have been used for a long time.

So, the optimal width of the stairs is 1 meter, the minimum is 80 cm, and the maximum is optional. The optimal step height is 17-18 cm (if facing is planned, then the height of the facing material is minus).

Convenient step width - 28-30 cm, i.e. on the length of the foot, (if the staircase is made with winder steps, then their width is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the stairs).

When calculating stairs, the angle of elevation is important. Optimal - 30-35 degrees. It is important to observe the distance from the ceiling to any step, which cannot be less than 2 m.

Sequence of work

Work must be carried out in a strict sequence:

• mount the formwork;
• to reinforce the frame of the future stairs;
• concrete stairs.

The most time-consuming process is the installation of formwork.

The simplest formwork is made for stairs laid between two walls that perform load-bearing functions. The marking of the future stairs is done directly on the wall and the frame itself is attached to them.

For stairs, which are attached to the wall only on one side, it will be necessary to provide supports.

We put the formwork

The actual formwork for a concrete staircase is a box, at the bottom of which there is a solid slab (it is advisable to close it with a film), side walls that correspond to the shape of the steps, and transverse boards that form the steps themselves.

With a step length of up to one meter, you need to take boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and if more than a meter, then you do not need to compact them with a second board. Boards for end formwork can have a thickness of about 30 mm.

Formwork elements can be fastened with wood screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm, they are easier to remove during dismantling than nails.

Corner elements are best connected using metal corners.

The boards that form the steps are set with a slight offset - the second step is made 2 centimeters below the top edge of the first. According to this principle, formwork is built for all other steps. This is done so that the concrete does not fall out from under the boards.

To prevent concrete from soaking into the wooden parts of the formwork, it is abundantly moistened before concreting, or protected with a waterproofing material.

The manufactured formwork must be well strengthened, since the concrete is very heavy and a cubic meter weighs 2.5 thousand kilograms. Therefore, the reinforcement is also attached to the side supports by about 15-25 cm.

For a non-professional builder, the procedure for knitting the reinforcement necessary to give strength to the stairs will be difficult.

Reinforcing cage manufacturing

As a rule, steel ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used, which is knitted at the intersections with wire.

There must be at least 3 cm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement.

If you plan to install a railing, then you should make mortgages from wood.

After that, you can start concreting.

Remember that the steps and the slab are poured with concrete in one step. Optimal composition concrete contains 10 parts of cement, 30 parts of crushed stone, 20 parts of sand, 7 parts of water.

Pouring concrete into the formwork begins from the bottom step, after pouring the mass is rammed and smoothed with a trowel.

Between concreting the steps, it is better to take short breaks - 5-10 minutes to contain the pressure of the concrete.

After pouring all the steps, it is advisable to cover the steps with a film so that the concrete does not crack when it dries quickly.

It is better to start dismantling the formwork after three to four weeks, when the concrete is completely dry. The staircase is ready: it remains to finish it to your taste.

08.12.2013 at 15:12

I. General information

II. Product Main Features

Design

V. Scope

VI. Sample project

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

VIII. Installation

IX. average cost reinforced concrete stair products

During the construction of buildings, all the technical nuances associated with engineering projects are developed in detail, building technologies and building materials.

Multi-storey buildings, cottages, schools, kindergartens, institute buildings, banks, industrial complexes and many other residential and industrial structures have reinforced concrete stairs + reinforced concrete flights of stairs in their master plan.

I. General information

ladder and flight of stairs reinforced concrete - these are connecting elements that are installed in special openings between floors or levels (this opening is called a staircase).

These elements are subject to constant kinetic or mechanical stress. Reinforced concrete products are manufactured at reinforced concrete factories, according to standard dimensions and building codes using concrete grade M300. And privately to order - according to individual sketches.

Flights for stairs is an inclined component of the stair structure, which includes load-bearing beams and a certain number of steps (from 3 to 18 steps).

Standard march width, exactly 90cm.

II. Product Main Features

- durable monolithic construction,
- has a long service life
- not subject to destructive effects from sudden temperature changes,
- does not rot and is not destroyed by insects or rodents,
- has high resistance to chemical and mechanical influences,
- does not tend to age
- has high wear resistance,
– the possibility of diversity in the decorative and finishing design of the flooring,
- the ability to manufacture any shape and configuration,
- acceptability of price and quality,
- stair steps are reinforced concrete, fire-resistant and durable.

Reinforced concrete stairs and marches have one single minus - weighting general design building.

III.

According to the methodology of the production process and engineering technologies, products are divided into:
- on a monolithic type (prefabricated),
- combined type.

By the number of marches used, concrete stairs are classified:
- on single-march,
- double march
- three-march
- and screw.

The form is: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, screw and exclusive configuration.

According to GOST, reinforced concrete flights of stairs are divided into the following types:
— flat march without frieze step elements (LM)
- march of ribbed type with equipment of frieze steps (LMF),
- ribbed march with a half-platform (LMP).

IV.

Design

All reinforced concrete elements stairs - marches, steps, platforms and beams, as well as additional components and fastening materials make up reinforced concrete structures of stairs, which are obviously displayed in project documentation at home, namely in the drawing of the staircase.

The design parameters of the prefabricated modification divide the products into small-sized and large-sized ones.

A small group is assembled from separate elements into a composition, which includes steps, stringers (or without stringers), platform beams and slabs.

The heaviest of this design are platform beams (300-450kg).

Large-sized or industrial stairs differ in size and number of structural elements: platforms and marches.

v.

Application area

– industrial complexes of all kinds,
- schools and kindergartens,
- airport and railway stations,
- cinemas and restaurants,
- buildings of higher educational institutions,
- ordinary stairs for a reinforced concrete house up to 3 floors,
- multi-storey frame, brick, stone houses and other areas.

VI.

Sample project

The development of drawing and technical information with the provision of all structural details of the future stairs is a standard project. Several options with drawings are provided for consideration by the customer. They include technical drawings with component parts and their dimensions. Drawings can be drawn up individually for each type of stairs. Namely: with straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, spiral staircases.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

In three dimensions and in section, all the complexities of the future structure in combination with the interior of the house are clearly visible.


A typical design of a staircase complex is carried out before the construction of a house (low-rise or multi-storey buildings). It is included in the general construction project.

All details of the project plan are negotiated and agreed with the customer. A typical project for the installation of reinforced concrete stairs and marches can be ordered in the design government organizations or private design bureaus.

List of detailed information of the drawing part of the project
exact technical marks for high-rise installation,
range of sizes in the horizontal and vertical plane,
clearance niches for fastening products;
parameters of concrete steps,
all technical data for establishing beam products,
calculation of the resistance of buildings to the additional weight of stairs,

Typical projects are divided into standard (for multi-storey buildings), and non-standard or customized(for private houses).

The first includes prefabricated stairs (factory), consisting of two elements: stairs and march. To the second - all other options.

AT standard projects private houses up to 3 floors and above take into account: firstly, the size of the site allocated for construction or installation, secondly, the manufacturing and installation technology, the type of raw materials used in production and the shape of the staircase, thirdly, the place provided for installation (bearing walls, the middle of the hall) and the geographical area.

The number of steps, width, height and shape are agreed with the customer.

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

The question always arises “how to make a reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands?” When performing this work, some skills in the construction industry are required, as well as to perfectly study the installation stages: assembly of the formwork, installation of the frame from the reinforcement and concrete pouring frame.

Formwork assembly is the most sensitive moment– an accurate selection of formwork for each element is carried out.

Can serve as formwork wooden planks, plywood and metal sheets. When installing the wooden formwork, it is necessary to soak it in water to prevent the absorption of moisture from the concrete and the violation of the geometric shape of the steps, etc.

elements. Easy option for manual installation- this is a variant of a wall staircase or an inter-wall one. The most difficult operation is the manufacture of formwork for a spiral staircase type.

All options are inherent in the installation of supporting beams from a thick beam.

After the final assembly and strengthening of the formwork sections, the marches and platforms are reinforced. The role of reinforcement is performed by metal rods and mesh. The final step is pouring concrete. To prepare the concrete composition, you will need cement, sand, crushed stone. All components are diluted with water, then mixed in a concrete mixer for 15 minutes.

Using buckets, the solution is poured into the formwork.

Within 25-28 days, concrete takes one hundred percent maturity time to start decorating. natural wood, laminate, thick plastic, cork- ideal for finishing work.

Precise technological execution phased construction betray concrete structures strength and appropriate resistance to various destructive environments.

All do-it-yourself products, elements and stairs (reinforced concrete) have a number of advantages, namely: high resistance to mechanical stress due to the applied building materials, special decorative trim and various exclusive forms, therefore stairs in private houses, reinforced concrete, are preferred by all customers who have country houses.

VIII.

Installation

Installation begins with the pouring of the concrete pad on the first floor in the flight of stairs. Precise marks are made in advance for reinforced concrete structures. Each plate is checked for defects.

Installation steps: stringers of 2 marches go into the nests of platform beams. The stepped part is superimposed on the stringers, resting on it with its ends, while the leading edge rests on the step lying below.

The march consists of two steps - lower and upper. Their purpose is the transition to the site. In turn, the site is a reinforced concrete slab with an emphasis, which serves as the bearing walls of the building or concrete beams. The handrails are attached with screws to the grate.

The connection of these structural elements performed by welding.

Factory marches have a solid section, and treads are folded or overhead. Handrails are delivered to the site in ready-made and installed on site. The weight of the reinforced concrete element reaches 1t.

When installing reinforced concrete large-sized positions, teams of professional builders and special equipment (crane) are involved. The installation technology is carried out simultaneously with the construction of high-rise buildings. The phasing of the technological process is recommended to be strictly observed, otherwise it is fraught with unforeseen circumstances - the collapse of stair structures or cracks in the load-bearing walls and the products themselves.

Installation of stairs on metal stringers reinforced concrete is the easiest option and consists in: installation of stringers, installation of formwork and reinforcement, the last - pouring concrete.

Such an architectural composition can be installed anywhere. Mounted without the use of additional equipment, unless the weight of marches does not exceed 350-400kg.

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

To the attention of builders - combined reinforced concrete stairs can be bought in ready-made prefabricated form at factories. And also individually it is possible to make reinforced concrete flights of stairs to order in professional companies for the production of reinforced concrete products.

Product type (length) (width) (height) (weight) price

ML30-60-10(9 speed) (3610.0) (1050.0) (1200.0) (1.80) 10570r
ML30-60-12(9 speed) (3610.0) (1200.0) (1200.0) (2.0) 11860r
ML36-60-13(11 speed) (4280.0) (1350.0) (1200.0) (2.70) 17970r
1LM30.11.15-4 (3000.0) (1050.0) (2500.0) (1.480) 9850r
1LM30.12.15-4 (3000.0) (1200.0) (2500.0) (1.70) 10500r
LM1(3910.0) (1050.0) (1600.0) (1.920) 11650r
LM2(4250.0) (1050.0) (1800.0) (2.080) 10750r

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete

When building country houses and apartments on several levels, stairs are used. These integral elements must be practical and safe.

Most often, monolithic concrete stairs have recently begun to be used, since they do not need to be processed after pouring and have a number of undeniable advantages.

1. Calculations and drafting
2. Manufacturing

Device options and advantages

The structure can be both indoors and outdoors and, depending on the type, consists of one or two inclined beams and steps.

As load-bearing elements can be used:

• Stringer of a monolithic staircase - can be made of reinforced concrete or steel, the steps are attached from above.
• Bowstring - the steps are inserted into the grooves located on the inside. It is made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Monolithic stairs from concrete have a number of undeniable advantages: strength, durability, high environmental friendliness.

The design does not require frequent repairs, can be made to order. The advantages include relatively inexpensive materials and work.

It is very important that high-quality monolithic stairs made of concrete are silent and safe.

Main types

Step products are different:

• A concrete staircase for a house can be completely monolithic.

  It is poured into a pre-prepared formwork, which is dismantled after the cement mortar has set. It is worth noting that for the home this option has recently been used infrequently. There are several reasons for this, but the main one is big weight, due to which the load on the foundation increases significantly. But the basement or courtyard stairs made of concrete are not uncommon today.

• Combined - made of cement-sand mortar and metal.

  They consist of a stainless steel frame and concrete steps. In this case, the formwork is assembled for each of them separately.

There is another classification of monolithic concrete stairs:

• Marching - may contain 1, 2 or more spans, called marches. According to building codes, the ideal angle is 45˚. The most optimal march is considered to have 9 steps, sometimes it is advisable to use more, although then you will also have to make a landing.

  In width, it should be the same as the span, and its length should not exceed 1.5 medium steps. This type is one of the most common.

• Screw or spiral - are a more complex design, so they are not used very often.

  They are not very convenient, but take up little space, so they can be used in small areas. Screw monolithic reinforced concrete stairs are calculated and designed much easier than marching ones.

  Do-it-yourself concrete staircase - calculations, installation, tips on how to do it

  So, if the length of the steps is 0.5 m, the length of the entire staircase structure will be approximately 2 times longer. In the interior modern houses and multi-level apartments, they look very elegant and stylish. They can be successfully combined with marching ones. So, in the main part of the house, a product of the first type is installed, for example, from the 1st to the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the attic - a spiral staircase, which will save not only money, but also space.

The product can be ordered from professional builders or made independently.

It should be noted right away that this is a very time-consuming process, and for those who have never worked with a cement-sand mixture, it is better not to undertake it, as this will jeopardize the safety of movement. Do not forget that a monolithic staircase with your own hands should be made of high-strength concrete.

It should be thick and not slide out of the formwork, thus violating the symmetry.

In order to calculate the height, you need to measure it from the floor to the part of the wall where the last step will end.

After that, visually draw a diagonal from the end point to the floor so that you get right triangle. Then calculate the most optimal march width, length and height of each step. Do not forget to deduct the height of the upper floor slab, as well as those that will serve as the base of the stairs and its platform, if you decide to make a two-flight structure.

Write down all the calculations on paper and draw a drawing. When calculating the height of the steps, do not forget that they will be lined with some material, such as plastic or carpet, their thickness must be taken into account.

We make a staircase with our own hands

Only the highest quality materials are used. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of a monolithic staircase should not be less than M-300.

• Start with formwork assembly. It is necessary so that the cement-sand mixture does not leak out and does not spread, it is advisable to use moisture-resistant plywood. Do not forget about the special adhesive lubricant, which will help to easily and without damaging the surface to dismantle the prefabricated equipment.
• Reinforced mesh, consisting of strong metal rods, welded together by a point method, is an indispensable component of both mid-flight monolithic stairs and spiral ones.

  It performs the function of a skeleton that prevents concrete from cracking and crumbling.

• After the formwork and reinforced mesh are ready, you can start concreting monolithic stairs. It is worth noting that they are installed before the finishing of the dwelling, during construction. Make sure that the concrete is viscous and start pouring it into the formwork. It is more convenient to do this from the top step.

  It is very important to monitor the absence of bubbles and voids; each freshly poured step must be tamped. To do this, use a vibrator.

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete can be used only after the surface has completely dried. And facing work is best left at the time of completion of the interior decoration of the house.

Price

If you do not want to do the work yourself, then you can turn to specialists.

The price of a monolithic concrete staircase in Moscow in this case will be approximately as follows:

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: photo and video instruction

Concrete is a material of extraordinary strength and durability. But for the builder, its most interesting property is the plasticity of the freshly prepared mixture. If structures from other materials are precisely constructed, that is, they are made up of elements, then concrete ones are poured according to the finished form.

A monolithic concrete staircase is without a doubt the most durable of all.

In this case, the view can be more than fantastic. In this lesson, you will learn how to make a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands without the involvement of specialists.

To do this, you only need desire, perseverance, patience and determination.

Varieties of construction

According to the method of manufacturing concrete stairs are classified into two types:

1. monolithic - the march and the landing, if any, are a single unit and are made as one structure.

   For a monolithic concrete staircase, the price varies depending on the structure;

2. combined - march elements are produced separately. For example, set metal carcass and steps for stairs are made of concrete.

In the first case, the entire process is carried out at the installation site. In the second, the structure is only assembled on site.

Do-it-yourself calculation, installation, pouring and finishing of concrete stairs

In the photo - monolithic stairs made of concrete.

Requirements

A concrete structure, with its other advantages, has one significant minus for private construction - a lot of weight.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a concrete staircase in the house, you first need to make sure that the wall and floor can withstand such a load.

A standard march 4 m long and 1 m wide march weighs about 2.5 tons. The support of such structures should be either monolithic foundation, or reinforced concrete beam.

When installing in an already finished building, another difficulty may arise.

If a layer of heat insulator is placed under the coating, then under the weight of the march it will push through. Before installation, it is necessary to disassemble the floor and remove the insulation.

Construction of concrete stairs

This whole process is laborious and lengthy, since the installation of the formwork, and pouring, and, most importantly, the hardening of the material, take a lot of time.

However, a do-it-yourself concrete staircase is a doable task.

Do-it-yourself work on the construction of concrete stairs is carried out in several stages:

• layout;
• formwork device;
• reinforcement;
• pouring concrete.

preliminary calculations

The manufacture of concrete stairs will not require excessive effort if its construction is foreseen at the planning stage.

The easiest option is to make steps between two walls. And the formwork in this case is simple, and the volume of concrete is minimal.

If the building has already been built, then the arrangement of stairs will depend on the parameters of the room.

When choosing a project, you need to remember some features:

• the steeper the march angle, the less concrete will be required and the lower the price of the product.

  But at the same time, the greater the slope, the more difficult it is to rise and fall along it;

• it is easier to build a landing than winder steps;
• for spiral staircases, it will require a lot of custom-shaped formwork panels, which will greatly complicate installation. The price goes up as well.
• when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the recommended sizes of steps, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use it.

Formwork manufacturing

In fact, this is a wooden form on which concrete is poured.

Formwork is constructed from plywood 12–18 mm thick or edged boards 3 cm.

1. If the formwork for a concrete staircase is intended to be used once, then the material is not protected. If repeatedly, then the product is covered with glassine, old linoleum, roofing material.
2. The material is fastened with wood screws: nails are difficult to remove after concreting.
3. For props and temporary racks, a beam with a cross section of up to 10 * 10 cm is used. The number of props is calculated based on the fact that a pine beam 3 m long can withstand up to 150 kg.
4. All elements are cut from plywood or boards with a jigsaw and assembled according to a sketch.

   When finished, the formwork looks like a staircase model, in which only the upper part of the step and platform are missing.

5. It is better to make side formwork from plywood, the bottom from boards, as shown in the photo.

Reinforcement of the staircase structure

Before pouring the formwork of the stairs with concrete, reinforcement is made.

The metal frame significantly increases the strength of the product, prevents cracking and crumbling of concrete. Mounting rods and steel mesh are used.

1. At the stage of installing the formwork in the wall, you need to make strobes for attaching mounting rods.
2. Transverse rods are fixed in the strobes, then longitudinal rods are laid - the step between them depends on the length of the span.
3. Reinforcing bars are fastened either by spot welding or wire knitting.

   The latter method is more appropriate for a small amount of work.

4. The resulting frame mesh should rise 5–10 mm above the bottom. To do this, plastic bosses are installed under the grid.
5. The side edge of the step is reinforced with a reinforcing bar, the top is reinforced with a flat steel mesh fixed to the main frame.

Stair concreting

For pouring concrete stairs, a mortar grade of at least B15 is used.

The composition is made independently in a concrete mixer. AT ready solution it is necessary to add at least 4 parts of crushed stone (fraction 10 - 20 millimeters) so that the concrete does not flow out of the formwork during pouring.

The technology for the construction of stairs made of concrete provides for a sequence of the following steps:

1. Concreting of stairs is done at a time, so it is advisable to prepare the solution in one portion.
2. The formwork is wetted with water.
3. Filling is done from the bottom up.
4. The steps are rammed and carefully leveled with a trowel.
5. Concrete surfaces are covered with a film to prevent uneven drying.
6. Formwork and supports are removed after the concrete has hardened - not earlier than after 4 weeks.

Concrete monolithic stairs are designed for the most severe operating conditions.

For external structures, it is difficult to find a more resistant and unpretentious material. Inside the building, the attractiveness of the structure is equally important. Finishing is possible the most diverse: wood cladding, cladding with artificial stone or ceramic tiles, a combination of materials. The choice of design depends only on the features of the interior and personal tastes.

The video below will tell you in detail about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase on your own!

Good luck with your construction!

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: video

In this article we will tell you how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands.

Positive sides:

• Long service life;
• Strengthens the structure of the building;
• moisture resistant;
• Refractory;
• Silent;
• Large range of decoration and modeling.

The concrete option is chosen, since the cost of it is small. Investments are only for the purchase of material for manufacturing and personal time. Such a staircase is built simultaneously with the construction of the house. On the general drawing the buildings of the house are planning a place for installing a flight of stairs.

First preparations

First of all, it is required to calculate the number of steps in order to fit into a certain section of the building. This makes it easier to move up the stairs. Per standard height step when lifting is applied 17 cm. The width must be at least one meter. Also take into account embedded parts for future railings.

Material

For the preparation of concrete, they take: cement (1 part), crushed stone with a grain size of 10-20 mm (3 hours), sand (2 hours), water (0.7 hours). If the concrete is thick, then you can add a little more water.

To make the formwork acquire construction timber 10x10 cm, waterproof plywood with a section of 2 cm or a cut board from 3 cm, fittings, a metal corner. The wooden structure is fastened with 3.5 cm self-tapping screws, which are conveniently removed during dismantling.

A formwork is a box into which concrete is poured. It is built right on construction site. The best material to use is wood. It is easily removed after the solution hardens. The width of the boards should be equal to the height of the steps. Supports are installed perpendicular to the base of the stairs with special fasteners to the support.

It should be remembered that a concrete staircase is heavy, which means that the supports must be massive and durable.

Formwork boards are additionally fixed with a longitudinal plate to avoid deflection when pouring concrete. The whole structure is assembled with self-tapping screws so that it can be easily disassembled after operation. If the use of formwork continues further, then it is recommended to protect the tree with waterproofing material: alkyd varnish (painting), roofing material, glassine, oilcloth, old linoleum. This is done to prevent the boards from deforming when the concrete mortar comes into contact with water.

To strengthen the flight of stairs, a frame is made of metal rods. It is laid along the bearing edges and connected by welding at a distance of 3 cm from the formwork to the reinforcement. To attach the iron assembly to the wall, pins are driven into it.

Types of structures of the flight of stairs

Of all the structures, the main types can be distinguished:

• screw - has the form of a spiral twisted in the center;
• rotary - marches can be located to each other at an angle of 90 o and 100 o;
• straight - the most convenient for climbing, do not make great physical effort for climbing, but occupies a large amount of usable area.

First prepare the concrete mixture. Before pouring in the formwork from the side where the handrails will be, put wooden plugs or iron pins for further fastening. Then start pouring concrete into the formwork boxes. To prevent the edges of the steps from crumbling during operation, a metal corner is welded to them.

Pouring should be done in one go to avoid flaking.

After filling the formwork, the mortar must be compacted and leveled. Only after the final drying of the concrete, they begin to dismantle the wooden form and walk up the stairs.

Indoors, a concrete staircase rarely remains unlined. For finishing reinforced concrete molds can be used:

1. Laminate.
2. Natural tree.
3. Stone.
4. Ceramic tiles.

For the manufacture of the parapet, glass is used; the decoration of the entire staircase can be a piece of metal. Wooden railings in the form of sculptures look rich. The choice of fencing option depends on the style of interior design of the room, what material the flight of stairs is finished with.

Facing is done not only on steps and platforms, but also on the back of the stairs. For this use decorative plaster, ceramic or porcelain tiles. A staircase made using such methods, of course, always pleases the eye of people - regardless of whether it is located in a cottage outside the city or connects the floors of any enterprise.

If it is noticed that some deformations have appeared in the stairs, for example, cracks or something else, it is necessary to eliminate them in time. To do this, you can use the following methods, depending on the defect: cement-sand mortar, anchor bolts or something else. If preventive maintenance is carried out on time, defects can be avoided.

Have you built stairs in your house yourself? Share your personal experience with our readers by leaving a comment on the article.

Video

We offer you to watch a video about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase.

In private houses between floors, stairs made of wood or monolithic reinforced concrete are most popular. Comfortable and beautiful staircase wood is expensive. In a private house, it can be cheaper to build a simpler and more durable reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands.

Advantages and other features of a monolithic concrete staircase

Monolithic concrete stairs are quite heavy structures. Therefore, such stairs are made in houses with monolithic, prefabricated or.

Concrete stairs are built in the process of building a house box. They can be used for their intended purpose immediately, before the completion of the construction of the house.

Concrete stairs have high rigidity and strength, do not creak or vibrate.

Reinforced concrete stairs are safer due to their simple design and massive steps.

Finishing, facing of concrete stairs during repair is easy to restore, replace.

It is difficult to make staircases of complex configuration or miniature from concrete.

Design options for concrete stairs in a private house

The design of a concrete staircase should be developed before the start of building a house, since it is necessary to provide for embedded anchors made of reinforcing steel and other elements for fixing flights of stairs and intermediate platforms in the ceilings and masonry walls.

In the ceiling or load-bearing beam, reinforcement outlets are made, which are connected to the reinforcement of the flight of stairs. A monolithic reinforced concrete staircase in a private house consists of flights of stairs and an intermediate landing between flights.

The flight of stairs is a reinforced concrete slab on which concrete steps are located.

Reinforcing cages reinforced concrete floors, flights of stairs and platforms are interconnected into a single structure. Thanks to the joint work of reinforcement and monolithic concrete, the staircase has a very high rigidity and strength.

Staircase with stringer made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Kosour is located along the longitudinal axis of the flight of stairs.

The kosour here is a reinforced concrete beam with ledges to support the steps. Cantilever steps are called steps, the ends of which do not have support.

The steps of the stairs on the stringer can be made of wood or cast-in-place concrete. Wooden steps are attached to the stringer with metal embedded elements.

Formwork of a monolithic staircase on a stringer with concrete steps. The reinforcing frame of the cantilever steps made of concrete is connected to the stringer reinforcement.

Reinforced concrete stair stringers, as well as flights of stairs, can be installed either between interfloor ceilings, or between the ceiling and an intermediate landing.

Cantilever steps from reinforced concrete are pinched in the masonry walls.

A staircase is said to be closed if the gaps between the steps are closed by risers. Without risers, this is an open staircase.

Concrete for reinforced concrete stairs

For the manufacture of reinforced concrete stairs, concrete is used that has a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa (class B20). Freshly laid concrete in the formwork must be carefully compacted by vibration.

Stair flights and landings happen it is advantageous to make from architectural (decorative) concrete. The surface of the steps and platforms of such a staircase will not require additional cladding or finishing. Manufacturing and installation architectural concrete it is better to order specialists.

Where in the house to place a staircase made of concrete

In order for the stairs to be comfortable, safe and “quiet”, it is necessary to choose the right place for its location in the house, correctly arrange and determine the dimensions.

The modern architecture of a private house for placing stairs usually does not provide for special isolated staircases. Stairs are installed openly and are part of the interior of the living room, hall or hallway.

It should be borne in mind that the staircase in the living room, as an element of the interior, makes higher demands on the appearance. The staircase in the living room should be more refined, and therefore more expensive, than the stairs in the hallway, hallway or in an isolated stairwell.

Compared to wooden ones, concrete stairs look heavier, they are simpler in shape and do not fit into the living room interior in the best way.

A place near the wall is more suitable for placing a concrete staircase.

Concrete stairs that will emphasize the interior of your house and last a long time, will be made by the Concrete - Boutique company!

How to choose the dimensions of the stairs

Choosing the slope of the stairs

A comfortable and safe staircase should be fairly flat. Building regulations limit the steepness of stairs in a home. The slope of the stairs should not be more than 1:1.25 (the ratio of the height of the flight of stairs to its horizontal projection). In the figure below this the maximum slope of about 40 ° has a ladder 1.

Two ladder options: stairs 1- steep with a maximum slope, provides a minimum of comfort and safety, but occupies a minimum area in the house; staircase 2— comfortable and safe staircase with recommended slope.

So that the stairs in the house are comfortable enough and do not take up too much space it is recommended to choose a staircase slope of about 30 o, which corresponds to the ratio of the height of the flight of stairs to its horizontal projection as 1:1.75. Such a slope has staircase 2 in the figure above.

Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs

After determining the slope - the height and horizontal projection of the flight of stairs, at the second stage, perform the calculation of the optimal dimensions of the steps of the stairs.

The optimal dimensions of the stairs in a private house. For comfortable movement on the steps of the stairs, it is necessary to fulfill the condition indicated in the green frame.

Building regulations require that the height of a stair step be within h=16-19 cm.

For example, let's calculate the dimensions of stairs 2 in the figure. Taking into account the requirements of the rules, for further calculations we accept the height of the steps of our stairs h=17 cm.

Then, we find the number of steps in the flight of stairs. To do this, divide the height of the flight of stairs by the height of the step. Number of steps in the flight of stairs: 272 cm / 17 cm= 16 steps.

Building regulations limit the number of steps in one flight of stairs to no more than 18 steps. If this restriction cannot be met, then it is necessary to make two flights of stairs with an intermediate platform between them.

Knowing the number of steps, we calculate the width of the tread of the flight of stairs. To do this, we divide the value of the horizontal projection of the flight of stairs by the number of steps. For stairs 2 in the figure, the calculated step width will be equal to s = 474 cm / 16 = 29 cm.

On a step 29 wide cm. the human foot will feel confident and comfortable.

In conclusion, we check whether it will be comfortable to move up the stairs. To do this, we do the calculation according to the formula shown in the figure in the green frame: 2h + s = 60-65. For our ladder 2*17 cm+29cm=63 cm— the condition of comfortable movement is fulfilled.

What should be the height of the steps without finishing?

A comfortable staircase should have all steps of the same height. The decision on what material to finish it with is best taken before the construction of the stairs begins - this will avoid surprises in the form of a height difference between the individual steps.

If the floor and treads will be finished with the same material or materials with identical thicknesses, all unfinished steps must have the same height.

If the materials are of different thicknesses, the open height of the first step must be matched to the thickness of the material that will cover the tread and floor on both floors. The thickness of the ceramic tile (together with the adhesive layer) is approximately 2 cm, roll material - about 0.5 cm, stone cladding -3-4 cm, from wood - 4-5 cm.

Staircase width

The width of the flight of stairs is the width of the passage between the railing of the stairs, and not the length of the step. The length of the step may be different, depending on the method of attaching the railing.

Building regulations require that the width of the passage on the stairs be at least 90 cm. For the sake of comfort and ease of moving furniture, it is recommended to increase the width of the passage to 110 cm.

Step overhang

Steps on stairs are usually performed with an overhang of 2-3 cm as in the picture above. The overhang is necessary so that the vertical surface under the step(s) is less polluted and damaged.

On reinforced concrete stairs, which are lined with wood, the overhang of the steps is arranged by increasing the width of the wooden covering.

On stairs without wood cladding, the surface under the step (riser) is made not vertical, but inclined, so that the surface of the upper step hangs slightly above the lower one.

However, for stairs made of concrete, an overhang is not necessary.

Finishing monolithic concrete stairs

Reinforced concrete stairs look too massive, so they require a creative approach to finishing.

On a reinforced concrete staircase, you need to finish all parts of the step:

• horizontal planes, that is, treads;
• vertical - risers;
• as well as skirting boards - wall sections located directly above the steps.

The treads are covered with a non-slippery and abrasion-resistant material, while the risers, which we most often touch with the toes of our shoes, must be resistant to impacts.

How to choose a finishing material?

The choice of material is influenced by the place in which the staircase is located, and the way the floor is finished on both floors. It is also worth asking yourself some other important questions.

What shape is the flight of stairs? The steps of straight marches can be covered with almost any finishing material. For winder steps, it is better not to choose materials that will have to be cut in place (ceramic tiles, stone cladding) - the steps will not look very aesthetically pleasing, and the material consumption will turn out to be excessively large.

Who will use the stairs? In a house where there are small children or the elderly, the stairs must be covered with a material that perfectly absorbs falls. If children often play on the steps, the facing material should also be warm (wood, carpet).

Should stairs be quiet?

Various finishing materials absorb sounds differently, which can affect the comfort of using the stairs.

Carpet and wood absorb sound well, while stone and ceramic tile sometimes amplify the noise of steps.

Will the stairs be damaged?

If the home improvement has not yet been completed, it should be taken into account that when moving furniture, the stairs may be damaged. In this case, for finishing steps, you should not choose soft woods or carpets that are prone to damage.

Staircase with soft material

Another inexpensive and easy way to finish steps is to cover them with a soft material. Stairs with elastic lining are easy to keep clean, and carpeting is warm and absorbs sound well.

The finishing material must be carefully glued to the steps: in case of peeling off any fragments, there is a threat to stumble and fall.

The roll material is thin and elastic. It can be laid without cutting, but the riser of a staircase finished in this way must be protected by a special metal or composite profile.

If it is a hard facing, then it will have to be cut, while each step should be laid separately.

Which roll cover is suitable for stairs?

Carpeting should be easy to clean and dry quickly: polypropylene and polyamide carpets meet these conditions. Do not choose coverings with a long pile or thick lining, such as felt.

Woolen coverings are not suitable for stairs as they get dirty easily and are difficult to clean. It is also better not to choose acrylic - they have low strength.

Carpets intended for stairs are additionally reinforced. It is better to choose those that are marked with a special icon.

Elastic coatings must be resistant to abrasion, non-slip and flame-retardant. These requirements are met rubber coating. At the same time, it is better not to use vinyl coating, as it is not resistant to dents, and shoe polish can leave marks that are difficult to remove.

Wood - for a home with a soul

The wooden staircase evokes associations with the interiors of old houses. Due to its many advantages, it is also appreciated by the owners of modern interiors.

Wood is warm to the touch, and it visually makes the room warmer. It is a springy material that absorbs falls well. Wood is readily used because of its plasticity and ease of processing: it can be adapted to steps of any shape.

Many people choose this material because of its natural color and layer pattern. But a wooden staircase can also be painted or stained, thus giving it a completely different look.

Great opportunities open up the use of exotic wood, characterized by a rich palette of colors: from white - through yellow, red, brown, olive, green - to deep black.

Often, only treads are made of wood, and the risers are left in white-painted plaster. Such a staircase is made not only for reasons of economy - it looks light and less monotonous.

But it should be remembered that white risers get dirty very quickly, plaster can fall off, and the surface painted with paint is not so easy to clean. To avoid this, the risers must be plastered with a strong cement mortar.

Other materials can also be used to finish the risers: resin-based plaster, ceramic tiles and even steel sheet.

The risers are finished with mosaic plaster. Against its background, treads made of light oak stand out expressively

Oak planks are used for treads, and stone or ceramic tiles are used for risers.

Dark wood bezels protect the surface of the treads and upper part riser

Stairs with a straight march can be finished with almost any material. In this case, dark wood is used, contrasting with the color of the walls.

White-painted risers make stairs with wooden steps seem lighter

Ceramic tiles - for practical

It is so diverse that it allows you to equip the staircase for any interior. Richly decorated southern-style tiles create the atmosphere of a Greek tavern, floor tiles imitating old stones - a country house, and sparkling polished stoneware - a modern residence.

Is it a good material for stairs from a practical point of view? Tiles are cold, hard and do not absorb falls. At the same time, it is easy to keep clean, it is cheaper than stone, and much more durable than wood. It does not burn - in the event of a fire, it does not contribute to the spread of fire between floors.

However, if all elements of the stairs are tiled, it will look too monotonous. Interesting effects are obtained by combining ceramic tiles with other materials, such as wood.

Which tile is suitable for stairs?

For stairs, tiles with certain parameters are suitable: they must have a high abrasion class, IV or V is best, a hardness of at least 5-6 on the Mohs scale and anti-slip properties.

Such high requirements are imposed only on treads - risers can have lower technical parameters.

The surface of tiles intended for treads must be corrugated (corrugations are convex or concave elements on the surface of the tile) or embossed (relief - bulges on the entire surface of the tile).

The stairs can also be covered with matt tiles with an uneven, rough structure.

For the internal stairs, floor tiles, gres and clinker are used.

Mosaic ceramic tiles are used for steps and risers, as well as for floor covering staircase hall

To finish the steps of the stairs, ceramic tiles of various colors were used, reminiscent of a multi-colored carpet.

Finishing a monolithic concrete staircase with porcelain stoneware

Porcelain stoneware stair treads are slabs specially designed for finishing concrete stair treads. Porcelain stoneware slab has dimensions 300 - 350 mm. wide and 1200-1300 mm. in length.

Porcelain stoneware steps can be with or without anti-slip notches.

Porcelain stoneware slabs can be used to cover both treads and risers.

Porcelain stoneware slabs are produced under wood, under marble, under a natural stone, as well as steps of pure colors (monocolors) and many others.

Steps come in a straight shape with a processed frontal edge, as well as with a curved “nose” - in this case, the choice depends on which appearance You want to give a concrete staircase.

Porcelain stoneware steps are very durable, do not let moisture through, are not subject to chemical attack, do not fade from sun rays, environmentally friendly and do not require replacement for a long time. This is one of the best options in terms of price-quality ratio for finishing stairs made of concrete.

Porcelain stoneware steps as a material for finishing an interfloor staircase are very diverse. Depending on your preference, you can choose matt, lappated, embossed or polished treads for concrete stairs.

You can finish porcelain stoneware in the same style as the concrete staircase itself, as well as the entire space between the stairs.

The concrete staircase is deservedly considered the most durable, reliable and durable structure in comparison with all existing analogues. Concrete steps are not afraid of the effects of dampness and fire. On such a ladder, you can safely transport almost any heavy load. At the same time, you can handle the arrangement of concrete steps without any problems with your own hands. Read the manual, related information and get started.

1. A concrete staircase can be built simultaneously with the house, while arranging wooden and metal structures possible only after the completion of the main construction activities. This allows you to further save on construction and home improvement.
2. Concrete structures are characterized by very high strength indicators, which remain even after many years of active operation of the facility.
3. Concrete stairs can be finished with almost any finishing material.
4. You do not need to spend a lot of money on the arrangement of stairs made of concrete.
5. Concrete is not afraid of corrosion and fire.
6. Monolithic construction can further increase the strength of the house.

What do you need to know before getting started?

Before starting construction, you need to select the materials of the highest quality and suitable for the planned event. Try not to save too much on materials - the durability and reliability of the finished structure directly depends on their quality.

Do not rush to start using the stairs after pouring the steps. Concrete gains strength within 3-5 weeks. Only after this time can the formwork be dismantled. If you hurry, the material can simply crack and collapse.

Plan in advance where your staircase will eventually lead, how the doors will open, whether the structure will interfere with the entrance to the room.

Choose the staircase design that is best for your case. The stairs in question can be ordinary marching and spiral. Screw structures have an attractive appearance and are universally popular and loved. With the right arrangement, such a design will look very beautiful and not massive.

Special difference in construction ordinary stairs and there is no screw analogue. The principles and procedures are the same. You just have to put in more effort at the design stage and during the design planning process - the calculations for a spiral staircase are quite complex.

The formwork will also have a slightly modified design. In particular, you will have to use additional supports in the form of large metal sheets.

That is why this guide will provide instructions for building a simple concrete staircase. Having gained experience, you will be able to independently create projects for a wide variety of stairs and translate them into reality.

Before you start building, create a drawing, or at least a simple sketch of the stairs. Make a drawing to scale indicating the distances between the steps - so you can determine the required number of elements.

Traditionally, the height of the steps is 17-19 cm. In this case, be sure to consider the thickness of the finishing finishing material- Using too high steps is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous.

Choose the optimal step width. It is important that they are neither too wide nor too narrow. Steps that are too wide will take up too much space, while narrow ones will simply be inconvenient to use. The standard width of the flight of stairs is 80-90 cm.

A concrete staircase must be equipped with a reliable and safe fence, especially if children and the elderly live in the house.

Set for arranging stairs

Pre-prepare everything you need for the construction of stairs with your own hands. You will need the following:

• sheets of moisture resistant plywood;
• metal bars;
• boards and bars;
• concrete;
• trowel for leveling concrete. You can make it yourself from sheet steel;
• grater for additional alignment concrete. It can also be made by hand from wooden block or polystyrene;
• special device for smoothing the edges of concrete structures.

Stair building guide

Self-construction of a concrete staircase is carried out in several stages. Follow each step of the guide in sequence, and you will get a reliable, durable and completely safe design for your use.

The first stage - formwork

The erection of stairs begins with the installation of a rigid, as strong as possible and correct formwork in all respects. For the construction of this structure, use boards and high-quality wooden beams. Make the bottom of the formwork from moisture-resistant plywood. Such plywood does not get wet, therefore, it will not let the solution through.

Plywood FSF - plywood with increased moisture resistance

Cut the details for fixing the formwork to the walls. After that, prepare the formwork for the stairs. Use boards with a thickness of 30-35 mm. The thicker the boards, the stronger the structure will be. Lastly, prepare the end elements of the formwork.

The reinforced concrete structure will have an impressive weight, this must be taken into account when assembling the formwork. To further increase the rigidity of the structure, fix the transverse bars.

Assemble the formwork elements so that they are joined as tightly as possible. Slots are unacceptable - concrete will gradually seep through them, which will lead to a significant decrease in the strength of the stairs.

The second stage - reinforcement

Lay reinforcement bars along and across the formwork of future steps. At the joints, tie the reinforcement with steel wire. Reinforcement will contribute to the overall increase in the strength of the stairs.

The third stage - installation of traffic jams

Install wooden plugs at the points where the railing posts will be placed. Instead of corks, you can use metal plates.

The fourth stage - backfilling

Backfill the bottom of the step formwork with a 10 cm layer of gravel. Tamp the backfill.

Fifth stage - pouring concrete

Pour the concrete into the formwork. Carefully align platforms and steps with the help of specially designed devices.

Give concrete 1-1.5 months to set strength. After this time, you can begin to carefully dismantle the formwork. After pouring, regularly wet the concrete with water, otherwise it may crack.

Staircase finishing options

At the end, you will have to complete finishing concrete steps and install railings. For finishing, you can use almost any existing facing materials.

Stone and ceramics

For facing concrete steps, you can use natural and fake diamond as well as ceramic tiles. It is important that the material has a rough surface - a glossy finish is too slippery.

For laying cladding elements, use cement mortar or special tile adhesive.

Before starting the cladding, carefully level the surface of the stairs to perfect condition. Seal chips, cracks and other defects with cement mortar.

The length of one cladding element may not be enough to cover the entire step. In this case, cut the tile so that it is laid symmetrically on all steps.

Wooden panels

Various wood panels are perfect for finishing a concrete staircase. The main thing is that the material is of the highest quality and resistant to abrasion. The best option- larch and various durable exotic species.

Before starting work, all wooden elements are subject to mandatory treatment with an antiseptic.

Laminate

A great option for finishing concrete stairs. It is characterized by high resistance to abrasion, durability and ease of installation.

carpet

Great for homes with children and seniors. The material does not slip. Thanks to him, the steps will always remain warm. There is a huge selection of carpet available in a wide variety of colors, so choosing the right finish for you will definitely not have any difficulties.

Painting

In the absence of sufficient budget, the steps can simply be painted. The main thing is that the paint is of the highest quality.

Mosaic

It is laid on the same principle as ceramic tiles. The elements are small in size, which allows you to create the most original and unusual compositions.

fences

As for fences, in this regard, be guided solely by your personal preferences. Railings can be very diverse - from carved to forged. Install fences in accordance with the features of the selected option.

Thus, you can independently build and ennoble a reliable, durable and most durable concrete staircase. There is nothing particularly complicated in this event - just follow the instructions, remember the recommendations received, and everything will definitely work out.

Successful work!

Also read the article on our website - finishing the stairs with a laminate with your own hands.

Video - Do-it-yourself concrete staircase