Methods for driving fence posts. Drilling a water well with your own hands - device technology and a step-by-step guide How to clog a water column in the country

What summer resident does not dream of good harvest? And what kind of harvest can there be without good watering? But here's the problem: there is no running water, the river is far away - where to get water? You can invite specialists with equipment. They will drill you a well, and you will pay them a lot of money. There is another option: you can independently figure out how to hammer a well with your own hands and enjoy the work done, the availability of water and the money saved.

If you are more comfortable with the second option, consider the issues that you need to have an idea about for drilling a well.

aquifers

For a better understanding of how aquifers are located in the thickness of the earth, let's imagine the earthen cover in the form of a layer cake.

The first layer is fertile. Its thickness is about 1 m. Under it are dense water-resistant layers, which mainly consist of clay or subclay rocks, very rarely of stones. Water-resistant layers are located at an inclination to the horizon and have different thicknesses. As a result, cavities are formed in the thickness of the earth, similar in shape to lenses. They are filled with sand, which accumulates water. These are the aquifers. The area of ​​such underground lakes can reach several square kilometers. The depth of their occurrence can be different, from 5 to 30 m. In the thickness of the earth there can be two or three such layers. The higher the aquifer is located, the less stable it is. In dry weather, they can dry up and fill up again after rains or snow melt.

From this we can conclude: if you need to constantly have water in the well, you need to break through it at least to the second aquifer.

At a great depth of 30-50 m there is a rocky layer. There is the purest artesian water. To make a well to such a depth is possible only with the involvement of special equipment for drilling.

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Choice

If the aquifer is relatively close to the surface of the earth (from 5 to 15 m), then the choice can be made in favor of the well. Its device is less costly and laborious than a well.

Well disadvantage:

• depending on the location, the first aquifer may dry up;
• water of the "subcutaneous" layer is suitable only for irrigation and domestic needs;
• water must be constantly taken away, otherwise siltation of the well begins;
• periodically it is required to carry out disinfection and cleaning of the well

If the aquifers are below the 15 m mark, the choice is clearly up to the well.

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Before considering the issue of drilling a well, it is necessary to understand its general structure. A well is a fairly deep hole in the ground from the surface to an aquifer. So that it does not crumble due to the precipitation of the earth, a casing pipe is lowered into it. Its diameter can be in the range of 50-300 mm.

Do you want your well to last longer? Then you need to use metal pipe. Due to the fact that the water is deep, the casing pipe must be long enough, therefore, as it goes down, it is built up with new sections using a threaded connection or couplings.

Drilling a well is not a complicated process, but it is laborious. It is better to do this work together.

You can hammer a well with your own hands percussion method. For work, you will need to make a glass with which excavation will take place. It is a piece of pipe, on one side of which a loop is welded, to which the cable will be attached, and on the other hand, it is necessary to make teeth and sharpen them (this procedure can be performed by a grinder).

The principle of operation is very simple: throw the glass down; falling, the teeth cut into the ground, which remains inside the glass. For the cable, raise the glass to the surface and remove the earth. And so we repeat the procedure, slowly increasing the depth of the well.

Becomes obvious:

• that the glass should not be light;
• if you want to make a well of a large diameter (for example, for asbestos casing pipes), then you can weld a pipe of a smaller diameter on spacers inside the glass. It will roughly look like manual vegetable cutter for apples. Then the earth will not fall out of it in the process of lifting.

To facilitate the lifting of a glass from a depth, you can use the most ancient invention of mankind - simple block. To do this, a tripod can be built from pipes above the well. Fix the block at its top, and install the gate between the two posts. These simple tools will make the job much easier. It remains to wind the cable around the gate, pass the free end through the block and fix it on the glass - and you can start drilling.

Installation casing pipe can be carried out after the drilling of the well. In this case, there may be difficulties with collapses of the walls of the well during its driving. In this case, the glass must be chosen in diameter larger than that of the casing.

It is better to install the casing pipe as the well deepens.

In this case, the diameter of the glass must be chosen so that it slides freely along the pipe. By the way, it will also serve as a guide during drilling. Conclusion: the height of the tripod should be such that the new part of the casing fits freely under it.

To ensure the lowering of the casing, in the process of deepening the well, it is necessary to make removable handles and a stop. They will be installed at the top of the casing. Their purpose: firstly, it will be possible to hang the load; secondly, turning the pipe around its axis with their help, to achieve its smooth immersion inside the well.

Abyssinian tubular driven well(or in our opinion - driving well) is very common in our north in private homes. Previously, there were many common wells in villages and towns, people lived a little more friendly, they built an ordinary well with a wooden frame together, used it together, repaired and cleaned it.
Now the situation has changed, there are fewer wells, and water has become simply a vital necessity. Therefore, in your private house it is better to have your own well, and even better - two. One well, as a rule, is arranged inside the house (usually right under the hatch in the underground), the other is near the bathhouse on the street. This provides water for the house, and for the bath, and for the garden, and there is always a backup water supply.
A driven well is good because it is done in almost a day (if all the components are present). Its cost is low, the process is simplified as much as possible, therefore, in the presence of a good aquifer, this is one of the the best options water supply of a private house. Preparatory work can be carried out slowly in winter period. Not bad before well clogging walk around the neighbors, find out the depth to the water table, look at the nearby wells.
First, pipes are purchased at the rate of up to 15 meters. In our area, 3/4 inch galvanization is usually used (stainless steel is difficult to get). Recently, an inch pipe is sometimes used.
Then they order the local craftsman to manufacture the components of the structure. The most important part of a tubular well- intake filter. It is made from the same pipe (sometimes they take it thicker, well - from of stainless steel). The length of the intake is approximately determined by the aquifer. With a good vein, the length of the intake is only 0.5 meters, the maximum length is up to 1.5 meters.
The cone for the intake must be ordered by a turner. The cone is either welded to the intake pipe, or seated on a thread. Numerous holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm are drilled along the entire length of the pipe. checkerboard pattern, then wrap it with a mesh and solder it along the edge with tin solder. The mesh for the intake is a separate issue. You won’t find the recommended P52 stainless steel right away, so experts look after and keep the already proven grid. A good mesh for the intake holds a puddle of water on itself without letting it just leak. In fact, it is not recommended to use a non-ferrous metal mesh due to corrosion, but on our water there are examples of the service of intakes with a colored mesh up to 20 years.
Recently, with the advent of stainless self-tapping screws with a large cap, a method has appeared for attaching the mesh to self-tapping screws. To do this, a series of holes 2-2.5 mm are drilled along the entire length of the intake pipe. After winding with a mesh, it is pressed with a stainless tape with self-tapping screws using a screwdriver along the entire length of the pipe, then it is cut off. Simple and tasteful! It is not customary to wrap the mesh on top with wire - it gives practically nothing. If the intake catches on something solid in the ground, the wire does not save, the mesh breaks unambiguously.
Extension pipes are cut into pieces of 1.5-2 meters, depending on the soil. If the soil is loose and the pipes go into the ground well, you can make it longer. Couplings are exclusively steel, so as not to burst, the threads on the pipes are half couplings. The clutches are usually mounted on linen with paint; modern FUM tapes are not listed.
The earth is drilled with an ordinary fishing drill with a converted handle. The alteration consists in the possibility of attaching extension knees and replacing the brace with a T-handle. They take the drill out of the ground with their hands, usually together. With a passage of up to 6 meters, this is real. There were entertaining cases when, when taking out a drill, they hung it by a long handle on telephone wires, bringing true joy to signalmen when looking for damage to the telephone network.
When signs of quicksand appear, drilling is stopped - further drilling is useless. A prepared pipe with an intake is lowered into the well, and a mallet is taken into the hands. This is an ordinary, better birch, chock, into which from two opposite sides vertically hammered metal staples. You can score with two, you can score alone. If the end of the pipe is high, use a ladder. With even blows, the intake is driven into the aquifer. The aquifer is checked by pouring water into the pipe from the kettle. If the water leaves without stopping, then there is an aquifer.
Now we attach a hand pump with a rubber hose with clamps and pump out water. With a shallow water surface (4-6 meters) and a good vein raise water from a well hand pump is easy and simple. Further, the water is examined for transparency, it is tasted, for soapiness, the water is allowed to settle, the water is boiled. If the water is clean, tasty, does not form a film during settling, does not give out precipitation, then it is good. How good, time will tell. If desired and possible, you can take the water to the laboratory for analysis.
If you don’t like the quality of the water, we clog the pipes further, controlling the depth, and periodically checking the presence of an aquifer by pouring water. As a rule, if good water found on deeper horizons, the water mirror will still align with the first aquifer, although water will be taken from the second or third layer. Usually you can clog a well up to 14-15 meters, then it is already difficult and unrealistic. If the water mirror is kept below 9 meters, it is almost impossible to take it with any vacuum pump.
You can lower the pump for a couple of meters, dig out the pit, or you can just make a well in the pit for storing vegetables by placing a water pumping station right in the pit, this is very convenient for operation.
In the absence of water (good water), the pipes are removed; in case of difficulties, a jack is used.
On good, not very deep wells, the entire structure is removed at a time, and can be inserted back without much difficulty.
In general, the search for aquifers on the first (near) horizon is a topic for a separate discussion. The main search method (according to experts) is dowsing with the help of a vine or dowsing frames. The method is not scientific, but nevertheless sometimes gives amazing results.
The occurrence of an aquifer in the ground is often not tied to the levels of nearby water bodies. Even Kozma Prutkov (according to legend, our fellow countryman) once said that "the depth of water channels in the earth is like a blood channel in a person and does not depend on the height of the place above a river or lake." In some villages of the neighboring Lensky district, which are located on the high bank of the Vychegda, the depth to the water table in the wells is only 1.5-2 meters.
After finding good water, you can prepare the well for further exploitation. It is necessary to align the height of the pipe above the ground, as convenient for connection. You can change the last knee to another of the appropriate length, or saw off the excess part and cut the thread. The thread on the last bend is necessary to put the valve and connect the hoses.

Previously, the valve was placed below the intake, it was believed that this way it better holds the water column. But a valve is still a complex device, and a complex device tends to fail more often. Therefore, the valve began to be placed at the top in front of the pump. He holds the post no worse, but you can always change it.
If the well is operated only in summer time (country house), then on winter time valve must be removed. Then the pillar water will fall to a natural level, and nothing will freeze anywhere. In the spring, you just need to put the valve in place and raise the water. In the same way, you can use water even in cold weather, but you can’t leave water in the pump.
After the check valve, a water pumping station or an electric pump is connected through a pipe or hose. A vacuum is created in this place, so the hose must be applied high pressure, otherwise it will flatten.
There are options for arranging the driven well itself on the street, in the pit, connect a pipe (for example, metal-plastic) to the well, and lead the pipe into the basement of the house where the water pumping station is installed. For the operation of the water pumping station in the basement, it is necessary to lay a power supply line from a separate machine to the rated current.
The pit above the well should provide access to the connection, it must be insulated so that the pipes do not freeze in winter.
Water pumping stations for the most part do not create a large suction vacuum, they can only work with a steady column and when the entire system is filled with water. Therefore, a manual vacuum pump is usually used to initially raise the water. It can be connected separately before the water pumping station through a closing valve, or it can be connected in series after the water pumping station. After the water rises and the receiver is filled, the system will work automatically. The column of liquid will always stand in the pipe. Even check valve starts to pass, then the water pumping station will not allow the pump to become airy, automatically turning on in a timely manner to reduce the pressure in the receiver.
There are ways to raise water from the well immediately using a water pumping station. To do this, we need a sealed tank with a volume of at least the total volume of the pipe to the natural water surface, connected to the pipe at the inlet of the water pumping station. An overlapping fitting is needed to fill the tank with water. After filling the tank with water, the pump itself, the inlet pipe to the valve, it is necessary to close the fitting valve and turn on the station, having previously opened the taps to reduce the pressure in the receiver. Then the water pumping station will start pumping water from the inlet tank to the receiver and beyond. A rarefaction (vacuum) will be created in the inlet tank, which will open the check valve and begin to raise the water column in the well pipes. The amount of water in the inlet tank should be sufficient until the column in the well is completely raised. After raising the water column, the tank can be turned off with a valve
There are special water pumping stations that independently create a vacuum to raise water.
During the operation of a driven well (usually after several years), the flow of water slows down due to clogging of the intake grid. In this case, the pipes are taken out of the well and cleaned or either the intake grid or the entire intake is changed, depending on the condition. It happens that washing the mesh does nothing, because it is covered with a strong solid layer of deposits that no brush can take.
It happens that the water in the well disappears due to the disappearance of water in this layer. The reasons for the disappearance of water can be different, both natural and man-made. Aquifers in the upper horizons are not available everywhere and are not very permanent.
For the device of a well in the absence of close water, deep drilling and the device of a well with a casing pipe are necessary.
Recently, in connection with the emergence of private firms engaged in drilling and installation of wells, there have appeared interesting technologies driven wells, one might say, disposable. For the device of the well, a metal-plastic pipe is used, which is much cheaper than steel. But the metal-layer cannot be hammered into the ground due to its softness. Therefore, a reusable composite carbon steel rod is used for driving. The intake is made as usual, only at the base of the tip inside the intake a conical recess is made, into which the driving rod will rest. An elbow made of a metal-plastic pipe is connected to the intake through a coupling, the structure is lowered into the drilled well, a driving rod is inserted into the pipe, which abuts against the conical recess of the intake. An anvil is screwed onto the steel rod and the intake is driven through the steel rod. After reaching the aquifer, the rod is removed, the pipe is connected to the pump. Such a well is obtained cheaper than a standard one from a galvanized, and even more so from a stainless pipe.
More recently, a friend shared his experience in flushing the intake without raising the well. Over the past two years, his well productivity has fallen. It was busy lifting the well alone, so he decided to flush the intake. To do this, he filled the bath with water, lowered the Agidel pump into the bath, connected the pump outlet to the well, removing the check valve. Crossing himself, he turned on the pump and pumped all the water from the bath back into the well. After such a procedure, the water from the well went in full stream and for more than a month there have been no problems with water.
There was interesting information about new well designs. Instead of a cone at the bottom, a wood drill bit of a slightly larger diameter than a pipe is welded onto the intake. At the same time, the well does not clog, but simply twists into the ground, like a gimlet. On light soils, you can do without pre-drilling at all, and drill immediately with an intake.

Having decided to make a well on his site, the homeowner must decide on its type. After all, there are several varieties of drinking wells, and they all differ in device technology, characteristics and cost of work.

One of the popular types of sources is abyssinian well. Moreover, if you know how to hammer a water well with your own hands correctly, all work can be done in one day.

Drilling a well with your own hands is easy!

What is a driving well

In general, there are several names for this type of springs - driven well, Abyssinian well and needle well. All these terms mean the same thing. In fact, this source is a piece of thin pipe with a sharp tip and a filter at the end. It is driven into the ground to the first aquifer, usually sandstone.

At the same time, the design does not provide for an additional casing pipe - a drill rod, which is also a casing string. In fact, when drilling springs to a depth of 10-15 meters, Abyssinian wells are considered the most effective solution.

The pipe itself has a diameter of 1-1.5 inches, and for pumping out water, it is equipped with special vacuum pumps, because. due to the small diameter of the pipe, it cannot be lowered into it submersible device. However, these devices have one limitation - they can lift water from a depth of up to 8 meters. Therefore, if the aquifer is located below, a driven well cannot be made.

Diagram of a driven well device

Design

One of the main advantages of the Abyssinian well over other types of wells is the simplicity of its design.

It consists of the following elements:

• a pointed tip - the so-called needle, serves to facilitate the penetration of soil;
• filter - located after the tip, through it water enters the pipe;
• the main pipe is pieces of steel or plastic pipe length 1.5-2 meters. For interconnection, they are threaded;
• seals - used at the junction of sections of the main pipe;
• pump.

It turns out that there are no specific or inaccessible elements in the design. The pump can be either electric or manual. By the way, if you combine both of these options, you can insure the well for water from the loss of electricity.

Pros and cons of driven wells

Like any other type of well, driven sources have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• cheap manufacturing - if you hammer a well with your own hands, then the final cost will be in the range of 5-7 thousand rubles. And if you use the services of a contractor, then 10-14 thousand;
• simplicity of design and arrangement work - all work can be done independently;
• clean water - due to the design, the top water does not get into the source, therefore, despite the shallow depth, clean water comes from the well;
• can be done in a limited space, and drilling does not require special equipment;
• the service life of the well is about 30 years;
• water supply can be automated;
• productivity is 1.5-3 m3\hour.

In addition, drilling does not require a specific tool, and all work is carried out very quickly - it can really be done in one day.

Minuses:

Thus, Abyssinian wells are not without their shortcomings. However, due to their low cost and ease of manufacture, they have long gained popularity among homeowners. And if the geological conditions are favorable, the driving source will become the most the best option for the organization of water supply.

Preparation for drilling

Before you start drilling, you need to prepare all the structural elements of the needle:

• main pipe;
• tip;
• filter.

The main element of a driven well is a pipe, so you should not save on it. Ideally, it should be made of stainless steel. The diameter is taken 1-1.5 inches - there is no need for more.

Preparatory work is carried out in the following sequence:

Tip with filter

Another implementation option

On this, preparatory work end and you can proceed to drilling.

Drilling process

After the exact location for the source is determined, you can begin to install the needle.

Hand drilling process

Work is done in the following sequence:

First of all, it is required to remove all the dirt from the pipe, for this it needs to be pumped well. Pumping is completed as soon as clean liquid begins to flow from the pump.

In general, it is advisable to hand it over for laboratory analysis, and if its quality is satisfactory, proceed to the final arrangement. If the water is not very good, then you can try to deepen a few more meters.

The final stage is the concreting of the base around the well. This will protect the source from the penetration of the perch.

Making a driving source for water with your own hands is not too difficult. This requires a minimum of time and not so many tools, and the drilling technology is extremely simple. Therefore, any homeowner can handle such work without any problems.

Abyssinian wells were invented about two centuries ago and are still popular today. The main advantage of such a well is clean water without excess minerals, not polluted. sewage, spores and top water. Let's find out how to organize it on the site with your own hands.

The concept and device of the Abyssinian well

Schematic representation general view and structural details of the Abyssinian well

The Abyssinian well is a so-called needle well, buried in the ground without a casing pipe. With the professional arrangement of wells, such wells are practically not used because of the difficulty of drilling them to a considerable depth. But in the case when the well reaches only the first aquifer, the needle well is considered the best option due to its low cost, ease of implementation and efficiency.

Abyssinian wells are sometimes also referred to as tube wells or driven wells. All these terms are synonymous and refer to the same type of construction.

The Abyssinian well consists of the following structural elements:

• tip - a metal point, which is made from hardened steel;
• filter;
• receiving valve;
• line designed to bring water to the surface. The main most often includes several pipes;
• couplings;
• rubber seals;
• manual piston pump;
• concrete rings.

The principle of operation of the Abyssinian well is quite simple. To obtain water, the earth is pierced with a special pipe to the level of the location of the first aquifer. The diameter of such a pipe is 1 inch, and to facilitate driving it into the ground, the pipe is equipped with a sharp tip. When arranging a needle well, there is no need to use pipes of a larger diameter, an indicator of 1-1.5 inches is enough.

After the pipe is buried in the ground, a self-priming pump is attached to it, which works on the principle of vacuum. If one well does not provide enough water, another one is created next to it.

Pros and cons of a well-needle

The well-needle takes up very little space on the plot

Driven wells have many positive characteristics:

1. Such designs are easy to install, it will not be difficult to make them yourself.
2. Abyssinian wells do not take up much space and can be located even in a small area.
3. It is possible to drive or drill a well without the use of special equipment.
4. The well pump can be installed not only under open sky, but also indoors, where it will be better protected from negative weather factors.
5. Driven wells are made quite quickly, the whole process takes no more than a day.
6. The long service life of the structure is another of its advantages.
7. The Abyssinian well allows you to get clean water, not clogged with drains and other contaminants.
8. The supply of water from the well is carried out continuously.
9. The undeniable advantage of the well is its cheapness.
10. Another plus is that, if necessary, the well can be dismantled and moved to another location.

This design is not without drawbacks, among which are the following:

1. The diameter of the well-needle is very small, so equip it submersible pump does not seem possible.
2. If the water lies at a considerable depth, its rise to the surface is difficult due to high blood pressure. In such a case, the vacuum pump may be ineffective.
3. When driving in a needle, there is a risk of incorrectly calculating the depth of the aquifer.
4. Sometimes a solid object comes across in the way of the well that cannot be bypassed or pierced, for example, a large stone or a clot of dense clay.

What to consider when building a well

Unfortunately, it is not possible to equip an Abyssinian well in any area.. The reason for this is some restrictions regarding the depth of the aquifer, the type of soil, the amount of water and its quality. Let's deal with this in more detail:

1. The Abyssinian well is drilled to the first aquifer, but its depth should not exceed 8 m. If the water is deeper, it will be difficult to raise it up without a powerful pump, and the needle well can only be equipped with a manual piston pump. To understand how deep the aquifer runs, take a 15-meter rope with a load and check several wells located in the neighborhood.
2. An equally important factor is the composition of the soil on the site.. Drill a well in soft and light sandy ground will not be difficult, while on a heavy clay soil more effort will be required. If the land on the site is rocky and contains many large boulders, it may be better to refuse to create an Abyssinian well altogether.
3. When arranging a well-needle, attention should also be paid to whether the water meets sanitary standards. The fact is that various pollution often enters the upper aquifer, the sources of which are neighboring cesspools, fields saturated with nitrates and pesticides, plants and factories located nearby, etc. The most vulnerable is the aquifer, located at a depth of up to 15 m. The quality of the water should be checked even before the drilling of the well, and for this, fluid samples can be taken from neighboring wells. Water must be handed over for chemical and bacteriological analysis, and it is better to do this at the end of spring, when the soil is saturated the maximum number fertilizers.
4. Another parameter that should be taken into account is the well flow rate.. Debit is the maximum volume of water that can be obtained from a well in 1 hour. When arranging the Abyssinian well, this indicator will depend on the saturation of the aquifer. A driven well is capable of producing from 0.5 to 4 m³ of water per hour, and if someone nearby already has an Abyssinian well on their site, it is better to find out how much water you can count on.

Collecting the filter needle

The filter needle for the driven well can be made from a metal or plastic pipe with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 inches. The selected pipe is cut into separate fragments 1-2 m long. In the process of clogging the well, the pipe is gradually built up using threaded connections. To seal the joints, use linen tow, silicone sealant, oil paint or any other suitable material. Often, special couplings are used for sealing.

The joints of the pipes must be securely fixed and isolated, since the performance of the Abyssinian well directly depends on their tightness.

In order for the pipe to penetrate the soil better, its end must be equipped with a filter needle. Such a needle will not only help the pipe to enter the ground more easily, it will also protect the well from silt and ensure the purity of the water supplied. It is desirable to make the needle from the same material from which the pipe itself is made.

Let us consider in more detail the stages of creating a metal filter needle:

1. Take a metal pipe and make holes in it with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm. The holes must be staggered.

   Choose a pipe of a suitable diameter and drill holes in it

2. Solder a stainless mesh over the holes to serve as a filter.

   Attach mesh over perforation

3. Attach a sharp tip to the end of the pipe, slightly larger in diameter than the pipe itself. This difference in size is needed so that the pipe freely penetrates the soil after the tip..

   Solder a sharp tip to the end of the pipe

It is desirable to solder all metal parts only with pure tin without admixture of lead. Lead poisons water and makes it hazardous to health.

The filter needle for the Abyssinian well from a plastic pipe is made as follows:

1. Prepare reinforced polypropylene pipe 1-1.5 inches in diameter.
2. Insert a mesh inside the pipe, which will play the role of a filter. To keep the mesh securely, fix it by fusing.
3. Make a perforation on the pipe by cutting slots with a hacksaw.

It is not difficult to create a filter needle with your own hands, especially since everything necessary materials and tools are sold in hardware stores. But if you want to make things easier for yourself, buy ready kit for the Abyssinian well.

Well Creation Technology

The Abyssinian well is equipped in two ways: by driving or drilling a well. To implement the first method, the so-called driving woman is used, and in the process of work, water is periodically poured into the pipe. At the moment when the water abruptly goes into the ground, the pipe is dug in another 50 cm, and then the pump is mounted. The driving method is good when you create a well yourself, but this method is not without drawbacks. First, if a boulder gets in the way of the pipe, the needle can completely deteriorate. Secondly, when clogging the well, you can skip the aquifer.

The second method, which involves drilling a well, requires the help of craftsmen and the involvement of special equipment, but when implementing this method, you are guaranteed to find water in the well.

There are several ways to clog a well-needle:

1. With the help of a sliding headstock and a tailstock - a special part that tightly covers the pipe and does not slide down. In the process of driving the needle, the worker lifts the headstock and forcefully lowers it down to the substock. The part is gradually moved up the pipe and worked in the same way until an aquifer is found.
2. The second method of creating an Abyssinian well is driving with a headstock with a plug. In such a case, the blow falls on the upper part of the pipe, while the plug is installed at the end in order to protect the thread from damage. This method is good because it allows you to use the maximum impact force.
3. You can also hammer a well with a rod. In this case, there is no danger of bending the pipe, and the process itself is easier and faster.. The driving rod can be made from a hexagon or a round rod. Separate parts of the bars are twisted together using a threaded connection. In order for the rod to be removed from the ground after work is completed, its length must be greater than the depth of the aquifer.

Do-it-yourself clogging of the Abyssinian well: work order

1. Before starting the process, determine the depth of the aquifer. To do this, go through the neighboring yards and see at what level the water is in the nearby wells. If there are no wells nearby, you can make a so-called exploratory well on a free plot of land.

   Determine the depth of the aquifer before starting the well.

2. At the chosen place, dig a hole about 1 m deep. If the well is in the basement of the house, then the hole may not be dug. Then, using a garden drill, remove from the well upper layer soil.

   Before drilling a well, dig a hole up to 1 m deep

3. Drive a pipe into the ground using one of the selected methods or use a drill. Gradually increase the main pipe with additional lengths to achieve the desired plugging depth.

   The easiest way to create a well is to use a hand drill.

4. As soon as the well reaches the aquifer, let water through it under high pressure to flush the filter off the ground. After that, install a piston pump in the well and remove all muddy water.

   The Abyssinian well must be flushed until the water is clear

5. To prevent runoff, precipitation and other pollution from entering the well, concrete the space around it cement mortar. If needed, you can also connect an Abyssinian well to your home's water supply.

   Concrete or block the area around the needle hole with stones

To create a well-needle, you can use a hand-made home-made drill, it will be easier and faster to work with it than to clog the well with a rod or headstock. The width of the drill should be the same as the diameter of the future well. In the process of work, the drill is gradually built up with additional rods, connecting them with each other with couplings. A gate is attached to the upper end of the rod and drilling begins.

As you move deeper into the soil, the drill is periodically raised to clear it of the typed rock. If the Abyssinian well has a considerable depth, a winch is used to extract the drill.

Video: creating an Abyssinian well with your own hands:

Creating an Abyssinian well with your own hands is not difficult, and the process itself will not take much time. You can drill or hammer a well in your area in just one day, but after that you will always use clean water.

Sooner or later before any owner suburban area The question arises about the protection of their land. The fence performs not only a protective function, but also gives the site with buildings a finished look.

Naturally, the design of the fence must be strong so that it does not have to be corrected or completely rebuilt every year. The reliability of a building depends primarily on correct installation the frame of the fence, the basis for which are the pillars that hold the entire structure.

Installation methods

Metal pipes used as supporting elements of the fence

Supports for fences are made of metal, brick, concrete. The most common option is metal poles, which are made of profiled pipes of different diameters and lengths. Metal elements do not require complex installation, and fence sections made of a wide variety of materials are easily attached to them.

The price of such pillars is very democratic, and the durability makes their use quite attractive.

To figure out how to score fence posts, you need to familiarize yourself with existing ways and decide which one is the most suitable. Supports are installed in three ways: driving, concreting, backfilling. The simplest and most affordable is the method of conventional driving pipes into the ground.

Scoring techniques

Before starting work, you should outline where the pillars of the future fence will be. It should be noted that the distance between the supports should be 2-3 m.

Clogging is carried out according to three methods:

1. With the help of a sledgehammer.
2. Installation using the "grandmother".
3. Installation using a copra.

Regardless of the method of clogging, the following conditions must be observed:

• deepen the lower part into the ground by 1.2-1.4 m;
• you need to start the installation from the corner support elements, then pull the cord between them to set the height level of the subsequent supports;
• when hammering, try not to hit the top of the pipe too hard so that it does not go into the ground more than required and does not deform. Raising an overcrowded pole to the desired height will be much more difficult than hitting it again;
• before installing the supports, it is recommended that their part, which will be underground, be covered with bitumen or an anti-corrosion compound. You can also just paint.

The driving method is used to create lightweight structures. This can be a fence made of chain-link mesh, profiled sheet or picket fence. When installing a fence from a profiled sheet, it is also necessary to take into account the windage, and deepen the pipes by at least 1.5 m.

Driving with a sledgehammer

Low fences are installed on small poles (up to 1.5 m long). More often, a sledgehammer is used to equip such structures. For clogging, a wood gasket is used between the pipe and the sledgehammer. The person hammering the support in this way must be positioned over the top edge of the support in order to be able to swing and hit hard.

Reception, of course, is cheap, but at the same time laborious, requiring great physical effort. When using a sledgehammer, there is a risk of skewing the pillars, so it is recommended to perform these works in pairs. One holds the pipe vertically, the second clogs. Moreover, the verticality of the driven support elements should be checked with a level.

Installation using the "headstock"

"Grandma" for clogging pipes

"Grandma" is a simple home-made mechanism for driving pipes into the ground and is suitable for mounting support elements up to 3 m long. You can make the tool yourself:

1. Take a piece of pipe 1 m long. The diameter of the pipe must be greater than the diameter of the column. This is necessary so that the pipe is freely put on it.
2. Weld a metal circle on one end of the pipe, add additional weight (metal scraps, lead). The heavier the "grandmother" is, the easier it will hammer the post into the ground. The mass of the "grandmother" should be from 10 to 30 kg.
3. The mechanism is weighted with the help of a metal circle, welded not to the very end of the pipe, but indented a few centimeters inward. The resulting container is filled with molten lead.
4. For the convenience of the process, two metal handles about 1.5 m long must be welded to the pipe on the edge opposite from the weighting.

The pillar is installed in a predetermined place, a headstock is put on it. The mechanism is lifted by the handles by half a meter and lowered with force. The pipe slides along the post and, due to the weighting, quickly drives the support into the ground.

For greater convenience and ease of work, you can install a tripod, on which it clings with a strong rope or chain and a “headstock” block (a hook is welded on the “headstock” for this purpose). For driving, they pull on the free edge of the chain or rope, raising the “headstock”, and then release it.

Due to the fact that the post is located inside the "headstock" pipe, the accuracy of striking is increased and the possibility of the support deviation from the vertical line is significantly reduced.

Installation using a copra

More expensive but reliable way installation of support elements - the use of technology. But it may not suit every owner of the site, since there is not always the possibility of a free check-in of equipment.

A pile driver is a special construction equipment that can set posts into the ground and pull them out. It is used in the installation and dismantling of fences. It is manual, self-propelled and non-self-propelled. With the help of a copra, you can install and dismantle any fence in a short time.

Pros and cons of the driving method

The fence can be installed in this way independently in a relatively short time and for little money due to the fact that:

• no need to dig holes for the installation of supports;
• the cost of the structure is reduced, since there is no need to buy materials for concreting pillars;
• no application required for installation sophisticated technology and equipment.

Therefore, if ground water pass deep enough, and there is no risk of loosening the support due to ground movement, a fence with posts driven into the ground will be quite stable and durable.

When installing a fence with a driving method, it should be borne in mind that:

1. If the soil is not dense enough, the poles can warp. The situation is aggravated by increased windage. Therefore, before deciding on the method of installing supports, everything should be carefully calculated.
2. Only light fences are mounted in a driving way. If the weight of the fence is high enough, then the whole structure may shrink.
3. Pillars are driven only into finely stony soil in order to prevent the pipe from hitting an obstacle in the form of a large stone.
4. On impact top part supports may be deformed.

If the site owner decides to install fence posts using the driving method, he must clearly determine the type of soil on the site and calculate the windage, as this affects the recommended depth and installation method of the posts.