To conceive a child, the maturation of the follicle in the ovary is necessary. If this one...
Publisher:"Budivelnik"
The year of publishing: 1978
Language: Russian
Pages: 112
Introduction
Chapter 1. Bent profiles - the new kind highly economical rolled metal for construction
The struggle to reduce the weight of metal structures, to increase their strength, reliability and durability led to the creation of a new type of rolled products - bent profiles. Bent profiles are corrugated sheets of various configurations: z-shaped, trough-shaped, closed and other sections, parts of almost unlimited length and constant thickness in all elements along the cross section.
There are several ways to obtain bent profiles, namely: stamping, bending on presses and broaching. However, the use of these methods for manufacturing bent profiles does not make it possible to obtain profiles of great length, width and thickness. In addition, these methods are inefficient, lead to large losses of metal, the process of obtaining profiles with a complex cross-sectional configuration is very difficult. their area of application.
It became possible to eliminate the listed shortcomings of bent profiles by manufacturing them according to a fundamentally new method and on constructively new equipment. Such equipment turned out to be special roll-forming units similar to rolling ones. Bent profiles obtained on these mills are called roll-formed profiles. From the point of view of manufacturing technologies, the fundamental difference between bent profiles and hot-rolled ones is their production from the original billet in the cold state and the invariance of the cross-sectional area during the molding process. Equipment for the production of roll-formed profiles is less complicated than rolling or extruding, its production is cheaper, and maintenance is easier and simpler. Capital investments and operating costs in organizing the production of roll-formed profiles are much less than in other types of metal forming, and the initial costs pay off in a short time.
Bent rolled profiles are produced by continuous profiling of sheets, strips and tapes on roll forming machines various types. The profiling process consists in the sequential change of the truss of the cross section of the original workpiece (strip, flipper, tape) when it passes through a series of pairs of horizontal and vertical (idle) drive rolls (rollers) rotating towards each other.
Chapter 2
Particularly promising is the use in lightweight frames building buildings bent profiles
The main advantage of bent-welded closed profiles (GSP) in comparison with others is the following:
1) cost-effectiveness of characteristics in terms of mass, due to the favorable distribution of material over the sections of structural elements and a decrease in design coefficients as a result of a decrease in the volume of auxiliary and connecting parts;
2) the possibility of using a sheet of small thicknesses (2-3 mm compared to 5-6 mm in structures made of conventional profiles) due to increased corrosion resistance and local stability. The same abilities make it possible to effectively use steels of increased and high strength for HSP;
3) reduced vulnerability of structural elements from closed profiles during transportation and installation due to the absence of protruding edges;
4) improvement in performance due to increased corrosion resistance and reduced outer painted surface of structures, etc.
Feasibility studies show that HSPs are very effective in rod systems and practically give the same mass values as pipes.
In the works of the UkrPSK Institute, it is proposed to create low-element farms in order to simplify the nodes and reduce the design coefficients.
In light, low-loaded structures, along with closed bent-welded profiles, it is advisable to use open bent profiles. So, in roof trusses with a span of 12-18 m under light roofs and in other lattice structures that perceive relatively small loads, the use of open bent profiles saves metal up to 20-30%. With an increase in spans, the efficiency of using open profiles decreases, and with spans of more than 24 m, significant metal savings cannot be achieved. In this case, savings are possible only when using closed bent-welded profiles.
As experience has shown, good decisions schemes, structures, assemblies, selected cross-sectional shapes, welding technologies, etc. make it possible to create truly progressive building metal structures for medium and heavy loads, in many cases successfully competing with tubular ones, and sometimes even surpassing them.
However, for widespread implementation, it is necessary first of all to develop a single point of view regarding the entire problem. Unfortunately, not all organizations share the opinion that it is expedient to widely use roll-formed profiles. Much attention paid to pipes, disbelief in the effectiveness of the use of bent profiles, in some cases negative influence planning by tonnage to a one-sided approach to estimating the coefficient of specific labor intensity of prefabricated structures to a large extent hinder the development important direction metal building.
Chapter 3. Bent corrugated profiles in metal structures
In metal lightweight structures, various corrugated bent profiles are widely used as finished parts, which speed up installation, improve appearance, reduce construction time and reduce its cost. These profiles may have corrugations various shapes: semicircular, rectilinear, trapezoidal, triangular with a blunt top, etc. A wide range of corrugated sheets used until recently was a consequence of the fact that consumers manufactured them for their own needs using existing equipment. In the absence of any unification for the production of profiles that differ in the shape of the corrugations, it was necessary a large number of shaped rolls or dies, the production of which took a lot of time and high-quality steel.
To reduce the number of profile sizes, reduce the cost of their development, speed up production and provide consumers with unification and standardization of corrugated profiles. Two standards have been developed for corrugated rolled profiles GOST 9234-73 and GOST 10551-75, which cover all profiles currently produced for various industries. In order to reduce the number of profiles made from galvanized blanks, unify their dimensions, a standard is being developed for galvanized corrugated steel sheet, which is used mainly in construction.
When developing standards, materials were used on the needs of the national economy in corrugated profiles, the assortment of profiles used in construction and industry, and the assortment of corrugated profiles mastered by metallurgical and machine-building plants. It should be noted that in last years not only the product range has significantly expanded, but also the need for corrugated bent profiles has grown.
Chapter 4
Recently, in our country and abroad, in various industries and construction, bent perforated rolled profiles are becoming more widespread.
The use of such profiles in various sectors of the economy can reduce metal consumption by 18-20%, speed up the assembly and installation of structures, eliminate welding work during installation, reduce labor intensity installation work. The assembly of metal structures from perforated profiles is a modern and rational construction system.
Curved perforated profiles include profiles in which there are holes of various shapes and sizes, applied along the entire length with a certain pitch (module) of perforation.
Perforated profiles, depending on their application, should be divided into two large groups: profiles for collapsible structures and profiles for special purposes.
The first group includes perforated profiles of angular and channel sections, the bolting of which in various combinations allows obtaining lightweight metal structures of various types and purposes.
The most important advantages of perforated profiles of this group are their lightness, the possibility of quick installation without the use of welding, the repeated use of the same profiles in prefabricated structures for various purposes, and others. These profiles, which are a versatile building material, are called quick assembly profiles.
The second group includes profiles of a special shape, which are used only in certain structures. Perforated profiles are the basis integrated system code-structural elements for the manufacture of various metal structures in construction, warehouse, transport and production equipment.
Chapter 5
Construction is one of the main consumers of roll-formed profiles. The use of such profiles makes it possible to obtain the most advanced solutions for building elements, both in terms of architectural and aesthetic, and in terms of technical and economic indicators. Work is underway to further improve the designs of panel bindings of industrial and administrative buildings in order to facilitate the construction of bindings, increase labor productivity in their manufacture, improve working conditions inside the premises by increasing illumination, improving the architecture of buildings. various configurations up to 2 mm thick: open, semi-closed, closed with elements of double thickness and a large number of bending points.
When developing a range of profiles for panel bindings, the technology for manufacturing them on existing roll-forming units was taken into account, as well as the technology for manufacturing bindings at metalwork factories to speed up the assembly of structures, reduce their cost and ensure a good appearance.
Compound open types bent profiles into closed profiles in the conditions of steel structures plants is most acceptable by the method of electric arc welding. However, this welding method is inefficient.
Architectural and structural elements from profile lightweight rolled products are widely used in modern construction in the form of metal window and display cases, glass-metal doors, railings for stairs and balconies, door frames, guides for sliding doors and partitions.
The assortment includes profiles of open, semi-closed and closed cross-sectional shapes, as well as with elements of double thickness. Individual profiles are perforated.
Applications
Literature
- 688 views
Lungs steel structures- this new round development in the field of industrial construction. Buildings made of light steel thin-walled structures are strong and reliable, it is 25-40% more profitable to build them than conventional traditional structures, and design feature allows you to implement complex and original projects.
Light steel structures
There are two types of metal structures:
- LSTK - light steel thin-walled structures
- LMK - light metal structures
LSTK is a lightweight version of a metal building, the thickness of the steel profile is 0.2-0.4 mm, while warehouses and warehouses can be built from LSTK. industrial premises which will be seismically stable and durable.
LMK are metal buildings with used metal up to 4 centimeters thick. These are strong and reliable structures that are built for different areas human life.
Prices for light steel structures today vary and depend on the region of construction. IN central regions Russian Federation construction steel buildings cheaper, due to the high concentration of manufacturers, the presence of competition and, accordingly, more profitable offers. average cost one ton of metal structures is 50,000 - 79,000 rubles.
An interesting feature can be called a simple commissioning of the facility. Since LSTK and LMC designs are not traditional, that is, capital structures made of stone and concrete, the process of registration and commissioning takes place in a simplified mode, without paperwork.
Light steel thin-walled structures: technology
LSTK is more popular in Russia, as the technology involves a simple and quick installation steel frame, which you can do yourself with your own hands.
The technology originated in 1950 in Canada. Availability building material and the low cost of erecting buildings quickly popularized thin-walled structures in Japan, Scandinavia, and North America.
Stages of construction of a prefabricated building:
- Design.
- Foundation preparation (any shallow deepening).
- Ordering a metal frame.
- Mounting.
- Putting the building into operation.
Advantages of LSTC:
- Low cost.
- Easy assembly.
- Durability and wear resistance.
- Fast installation.
- Independence from climatic conditions, the ability to build in cold and wet weather.
- Seismic stability of the structure.
- Good heat saving properties.
- No shrinkage on the foundation.
What are LSTCs made of?
LSTK buildings are built from profiles that are made from high-strength galvanized steel. Whole production cycle automated, if available project documentation the metal-rolling plant will prepare every detail of the future building with necessary holes and marking.
Construction from LSTK is not expensive, since from the zero stage you can save a lot on the foundation and, at the final stage, on insulation. LSTC is suitable for the construction of residential buildings, cottages, greenhouses, hangars and many other structures.
Video
Lightweight metal structures are widely used in the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures, and their use can reduce material costs and speed up the construction process. Manufacturers suggest using hot-rolled or cold-rolled metal profiles which are produced by stamping. Modern LSTK technology used for the rapid construction of buildings that are characterized by broad scope applications, long operational life and increased strength.
The main advantages of using lightweight metal structures for the construction of prefabricated structures include:
high quality metal structures at an affordable cost;
durability and reliability;
strength and wear resistance;
versatility and mobility;
resistance to corrosion processes, mold and fungi due to the presence of a special protective anti-corrosion coating;
wide range of applications in industry, agriculture and construction of houses.
Construction and installation work is carried out in any weather and at any time of the year due to the lack of a “wet” finish, and all structural elements are assembled quickly and easily using anchor-type bolts and self-tapping screws.
Features of production and construction.
LGSF technology involves the use of lightweight durable thin-walled metal structures, each part is marked at the factory, so construction site the construction of structures from lightweight metal structures is carried out in as soon as possible professional team of workers.When developing a project for a building made of metal structures, the intended use, the needs of the customer, the expected operational load and the need for insulation are taken into account. As heaters are used modern high-quality thermal insulation materials, namely polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool, fiberglass.
Due to the compactness of all metal structures, they are quickly and conveniently delivered to the construction site, which reduces the cost of their transportation. The construction of buildings from lightweight metal structures does not require the arrangement of expensive monolithic foundation as in capital construction, therefore, the total production costs for construction.
Scope of application of lightweight metal structures.
Warehouses and hangars are built from lightweight metal structures, which are used in industry and agriculture. These are all kinds of main and auxiliary industrial workshops, utility rooms for storage Vehicle, equipment, special equipment and inventory.In agriculture, such buildings are designed to store vegetables and grain crops, and insulated rooms are used for breeding and raising poultry and animals. When developing a project, the creation of certain climatic conditions, the laying of utilities, ventilation system and air conditioning artificial lighting and the need for insulation.
Buildings made of lightweight metal structures are distinguished by their strength and lightness, the rapid erection of the frame, walls and roof, so today they are built from country houses, dachas and cottages. This is a profitable investment, since the cost of work is much less compared to capital construction.
The technology of building objects from lightweight metal structures
For the construction of prefabricated buildings used innovative technology LSTC, which consists in the use of durable lightweight profiles, which can be carrier, guide and hat. Of these, not only the frame of the building itself is being built, but also walls, roofing, and a shallow tape or pile is used as a foundation.
The choice of foundation depends on the type of soil, depth of occurrence ground water and climatic conditions of the area. Using this technology, it is possible to build objects of any shape and complexity: straight-walled, arched, polygonal and tented. They differ from each other in design and shape, but they all have high strength, versatility, durability and reliability.
For effective protection against corrosion, the surface of metal structures is coated with protective anti-corrosion compounds ( polymeric materials, enamel or primer). The construction of structures from lightweight metal structures fully complies with the requirements fire safety, state standards and environmental friendliness.
ANDfabrication and installation of metal structuresbuildings, hangars.
We are ready to discuss prices, your conditions and negotiate, in each case.
The cost of work is usually determined individually. Simply put, call - we will agree!
More detailed information, at the following contacts:
The address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Phones: +7 (495) 720-65-94
Our old prices
PRICES FOR INSTALLATION OF SANDWICH PANELS
ROOF SANDWICH PANELS
|
panel thickness, mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
up to 2,000 sq.m. |
|||||||||||||||
|
over 2,000 sq.m. |
ROOF SANDWICH PANELS
MINERAL COTTON
|
panel thickness, mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
up to 2,000 sq.m. |
|||||||||||||||
|
over 2,000 sq.m. |
Base prices in rubles for installation per 1 sq.m.
WALL SANDWICH PANELS
POLYSTYRENE AND POLYURETHANE FOAM
|
panel thickness, mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
over 2000 sq.m |
Base prices in rubles for installation per 1 sq.m.
WALL SANDWICH PANELS
MINERAL COTTON
|
panel thickness, mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
up to 2,000 sq.m |
|||||||||||||||
|
over 2,000 sq.m |
Base prices in rubles for installation per 1 sq.m.
Installation of additional elements 75 rub. Prices are for installation without taking into account the architectural complexity and height of the building, as well as without the cost of installing scaffolding and renting lifting mechanisms
PRICES FOR DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF STANDARD METAL STRUCTURES
DESIGN (WITHOUT APPROVAL)v
|
Type of design |
Area of the building, facilities, square meter / ruble |
|||
|
up to 10000 and above |
||||
|
Architectural Solution (AR) |
||||
|
Reinforced concrete structures (RC) - foundations |
||||
|
Metal structures (KM) |
||||
Prices are for design without taking into account the architectural complexity, the complexity of the engineering and theological conditions and the location of the construction site.
MANUFACTURING OF METAL STRUCTURES in Moscow
INSTALLATION OF METAL STRUCTURES
Light metal structures - Cost
Average prices and terms for 2008-2009:
Making the frame of the building 2700-3200r / m2
Construction of foundations 400-600r / m2
Full "zero cycle" 2800-3500 r / m2
"Warm building" 6 000 -8 000 r / m2
"Cold building" 5 000 - 6 000 rub / m2
Building Price Examples
(without "zero cycle") from our works for 2007.
The cost of installation of metal structures per ton may vary due to the complexity of the structures.
Prices and terms for projects may vary due to the complexity of the designs.
Production of metal structures carried out in our own factory, located in the Moscow region, Noginsky district, Staraya Kupavna, which is part of the StellaStroy LLC group of companies, according to the drawings provided by the customers, or according to the design documentation developed by the design department of the company.
The plant is equipped with all the necessary high-tech equipment, includes a quality control department equipped with certified equipment.
Our steel fabrication services:
- Sheet cutting: plasma cutting
- Sheet cutting: cutting with a guillotine
- Structural design
- Installation of metal structures
- Dismantling of metal structures
- Painting of metal structures
- Delivery of metal structures
The production of metal structures consists of several stages:
Checking the quality of rolled metal products;
The production of metal structures begins with quality control of metal products and includes a list of various checks. Initially, accompanying documents (certificates and waybills), the state of packaging and marking are studied. Then the geometric characteristics and the state of the surface (flexibility, the presence of cavities, cracks and other deformations) are checked. Further research is being carried out chemical composition and mechanical strength.
Metal processing, shaping (grinding, bending, cutting, etc.);
The production of metal structures is associated with metal processing, which is carried out by specialists using modern technologies. The technology lies in a variety of processes. This includes bending (production of profiles, corners using a bending machine); polishing and grinding (giving dullness or shine, eliminating irregularities); cutting (laser and semi-automatic); felling (transverse and longitudinal separation using a guillotine machine).
Processing of metal blanks with special compounds;
Application of anti-corrosion and other protective coatings on metal structures;
Metal products are highly sensitive to the negative effects of the environment: humidity, temperature, etc. Treatment with special compounds helps to increase the stability of structures. We recommend ordering popular zinc compounds that prevent corrosion, as well as fire retardant coatings slowing down the ignition process.
Welding, bolting or riveting - assembly of structures into modules;
When mounting metal structures, it is necessary to connect them into a frame, fixing them in a suitable way: bolted, riveted or welded. Bolted connections are detachable, simple in execution and can be carried out without special equipment. One-piece joints include welding, which is used most often. Heavy structures with heavy loads require the use of rivets.
Finished parts painting.
The production of metal structures is completed by painting parts. The most advanced method for today is powder. Before painting, the product is degreased and cleaned. Then a tight-fitting powder is applied with a spray gun. After that, the parts are heated in the chamber, and under the influence of temperature, the coating reliably hardens. This method is durable, economical, aesthetic appearance.
During its work, StellaStroy LLC has built close relationships with metal suppliers— metallurgical plants, which allows us to provide partners with raw materials and services at the lowest price. Manufactured steel structures are shipped from the warehouse or on our own transport delivered to anywhere in Moscow and the Moscow region.
