Frost-resistant varieties of bearded irises. White irises: varieties, description, growing features

For a century and a half of growing irises, many of their varieties have been bred, one of which is the bearded iris. They got their name because of the so-called beards located on the outer parts of the perianth.

On the basis of plants belonging to this species, many hybrids have been bred and they are used for decorative purposes. This variety includes many large-flowered irises. Depending on the height of the peduncle itself, these plants are divided into several subgroups: undersized, reaching a height of 25 to 37 cm; medium-sized - from 37 to 70 cm and tall - from 70 cm and above.

Bearded irises: varieties and varieties

Flower growers usually grow such varieties of bearded irises as:

• Iris Alberta. In this variety, the peduncle is branched, it reaches a height of 60 cm. On 1 plant, 3-5 or less often only 7 flowers can bloom, which have a purple color and are odorless. Rarely the flowers are white. The leaves are wide and have a purple-violet hue at the base. This plant variety begins to bloom in late May - early June. This iris tolerates winter well and is resistant to bacteriosis. True, it is also not without its shortcomings - the ends of its leaves often dry out, and their wrapper swells. This flower looks great in front gardens or on rocky hills.
• Iris is leafless. It reaches a height of 50 cm, 3-5 bright purple flowers bloom on it, with a slight smell. The leaves are sickle-shaped, which die off with the approach of winter and grow again in the spring, after the peduncles, which is why this type of plant got its name. Often used to breed medium-sized varieties. It begins to bloom in mid-May, it is not afraid of winter. In many regions in nature in our time begins to disappear.

• Iris is pale. This species belongs to tall and reaches a length of up to 80 cm. Its flowers are pale blue in color, with a pleasant strong aroma, on very short pedicels. The leaves are thin, dry and rustling, have a gray color with a waxy coating. This variety blooms in early June, often used to produce iron, that is, flower oil. This variety is afraid of waterlogging, it is necessary to observe the measure when watering.
• Iris dwarf. Most often found in the south of Ukraine and the North Caucasus. Its peduncle is only 3 to 5 cm high. The flowers are light yellow, blue-violet or very rarely white, they have no aroma. The leaves reach a length of 10 cm. This type of plant blooms in early May and is the ancestor of dwarf irises.

• Iris motley. It reaches a height of 45 to 55 cm. It blooms on it from 3 to 6 two-color red-brown flowers closer to the edge and yellowish inside the flowers. The leaves are wide, sometimes curved in the form of a sickle. Blooms in late May-early June. It perfectly transmits its species characteristics to offspring.
• Iris horned. Similar to the leafless iris, it has a thin branched peduncle, on which small dark purple flowers form. The leaves are straight and narrow, blooms in late May - early June.
• Iris Florentine. It has a high branched peduncle, it reaches a length of 70 cm, on which from 5 to 8 flowers are formed, pale blue in color, with a pleasant aroma. The leaves are gray and large. It blooms in late May, reproduces only vegetatively. It needs to be covered for the winter.

Bearded irises: photo

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• Why don't irises bloom?

Bearded irises: planting and care

You need to plant this variety of irises in a sunny place that is protected from the wind. The soil they like is heavy, sour and damp, the best option- alkaline or slightly acidic earth. If the soil is very waterlogged, then it is necessary to carry out drainage. These plant varieties also grow well on stony soils and high beds.

It is impossible to fertilize the soil abundantly with organic fertilizers, this can cause various diseases. In the process of planting, you can not bury the roots deep into the ground, otherwise the iris will not bloom, because it will take a lot of strength to push its rhizomes to the surface, and in the worst case, it will rot and die. Before planting, you need to dig a small hole, and in the center pour a small mound, on which the roots will be located. After the rhizome, you need to sprinkle 1-2 cm with sand, and the hole itself - with soil and lightly compact. The best orientation of rhizomes during planting is south, so the roots warm up better, which is the prevention of various diseases.

If a garden plot small, you do not need to plant plants too closely. Crowding will weaken the plants, leading to the development of diseases and the rapid closing of the leaves.

High varieties of bearded irises should be planted at a distance of 50 cm from each other, and dwarf ones - 30 cm. If irises grow in one place for a long time, then regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers should be carried out. In early spring, you can apply nitroammophoska, and then only phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (2 top dressing should be carried out before the buds appear, and 3 - at the end of flowering). An excess of nitrogen activates the growth of roots, which makes them vulnerable to winter and severe frosts.

Bearded irises should be weeded regularly, but not deep, because their roots are located almost on the surface. From the 2nd half of August, it is better to weed these flowers with your hands. Irises do not need abundant watering, it is better to water them altogether only as the soil dries out. Watering is required when transplanting or during a too dry period.

One of important points in the cultivation of bearded irises is their rejuvenation, namely, transplantation and thinning of the roots. So they will gain additional resistance to diseases.

Diseases of bearded irises and their treatment

The most dangerous disease for plants is bacteriosis or soft root rot. First of all, the leaves change their color, then their ends dry and turn brown. In the part of the stem from where they grow, rot is formed, which subsequently passes to the rhizomes. The leaf fan rots and falls off, comes from the roots bad smell and they turn into a mushy mass.

In order to avoid the appearance of this disease, when transplanting, it is necessary to inspect all the material, and treat the sections of the plant with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. It is better to dry the roots of transplanted plants in the sun during the day, because this bacterium is afraid sun rays.

If the disease is found in a growing iris, then with a clean sharp knife you need to cut off the affected area, moisten the cut itself and sprinkle on top of the Comet powder, which is used for household purposes. Shallow burying of the roots during planting and the application of potash and phosphorus fertilizers to the soil with trace elements will increase the resistance of these plants to diseases.

Another disease of bearded irises is leaf spot. It can form due to excessively moist soil. The outer leaves are affected first. Spots form on them, which gradually fill the entire surface. Such leaves should be removed immediately, but only if they are easily separated from the roots. It is not recommended to touch strong leaves, in order to avoid the appearance of wounds through which pathogens of bacteriosis penetrate.

A good protection against this disease is spraying irises with a solution of "Arceride" or "Polychoma" 2-3 times before the development of the disease.

A relatively rare and relatively new disease of bearded irises is scorch. In the middle of the growing season, the leaves turn brown, dry and bend, and the roots become hard and dry. The cause of this disease has not yet been identified, as well as measures to combat it. Sick plants must be dug out together with a clod of earth and burned, and the place of growth should be treated with formalin or lime.

Preparing bearded irises for winter

Bearded irises tolerate severe frosts well with stable snow cover. But sudden changes in temperature, both in winter and in autumn-winter periods, adversely affect plants. Spring frosts are especially dangerous after warm days, at a time when the flowers have already departed from hibernation. Protracted autumn rains also have a negative effect on irises, because they must enter the wintering dry.

If the plants are provided with proper care, they will develop and grow well. At this time, free space in the flower bed can be planted with small-bulb summer plants, which do not give self-seeding. This will be a great addition to flowers, but even without this, blooming irises https://site/dom-i-xobbi/czvetovodstvo/sadovye-tsvety/pochemu-ne-tsvetut-irisy is a fantastic sight. The main plus is that they do not need to be planted every year, you can just cover them well for the winter.

Many consider them rustic, but in fact the bearded iris flower is very multifaceted - a magnificent collection of bearded irises will simply transform a summer flower garden in any area, make it unique and colorful. Thanks to the huge number of garden varieties of this plant, everyone will be able to choose for themselves the flower that will ideally suit the purpose.

In this article, we will consider the features of growing bearded iris - the most popular species among gardeners, give a description of the varieties of this flower, and also note the basic rules of how to plant bearded iris and how to care for it.

Botanical description and features of bearded iris

Bearded iris is a perennial rhizomatous plant that belongs to the Kasatikovye or Iris family. These bright and unusual flowers can be found on almost all continents, therefore, without false modesty, the bearded iris should be called an international flower. These are such unique flowers that it is difficult to even convey their beauty and main features. Bearded irises in nature can easily interbreed and thus create new bright varieties. It was this feature that attracted breeders from all over the world and made it possible to breed several tens of thousands of different varieties of bearded iris.

There are a large number of legends associated with the appearance of this flower on earth, with the origin of its name. Iris is translated from Latin as "rainbow". That was the name of the ancient Greek goddess of the rainbow Irida, who was the link between the gods and people. She personified a beautiful and fragile girl with two delicate wings behind her back, ready to fly into the sky at the slightest call, sparkling with all the shades of the rainbow. In honor of this goddess, irises flowers were named, which, like the smallest fragments of a rainbow, adorn fields and meadows. There is another legend about the appearance of this beautiful flower. She refers us to the times of the reign of the gods and the appearance of Prometheus in the world. At the moment when Prometheus gave fire to people, a rainbow flashed in the sky, which gave people light and joy all day, all evening and all night. This is how nature expressed its jubilation. And when the sun rose in the morning, there was no rainbow in the sky, but the whole earth was strewn bright colors irises, which resembled fragments of a multi-colored rainbow.

The first mention of iris flowers was recorded 2000 years ago. The painted flower was discovered by archaeologists in the palace of Minos, and many years later the iris became a sacred and revered flower on the island of Cyprus. Now the bearded iris flower is a favorite flower not only of numerous breeders for whom working with it is a pleasure, but also of millions of gardeners who have appreciated its beauty and unpretentiousness.

Description of bearded iris:

• Bearded iris is a perennial rhizomatous plant that has become widespread throughout the world.
• Today there is a rather complicated classification of iris species, which is difficult for an ordinary gardener to understand. Therefore, fans of this unusual flower group all varieties very simply: bearded and not bearded. Bearded irises are the most popular variety, which attracts gardeners with bright colors and an interesting form of inflorescences.
• The root system of bearded irises is superficial, sometimes showing up from the ground. It has many small thread-like roots. In appearance, it has several annual seals that spread and allow the plant to grow.
• Every spring, an annual peduncle grows from the rhizome, on which flowers subsequently bloom.
• The leaves of the iris are bearded long and flat, they can be xiphoid or linear in shape, very thin, covered with a wax coating.
• The leaves are arranged in two-row fan beams at the very base of the peduncle. These are root leaves. Stem leaves are small, there are very few of them.
• The color of the leaves is light green.
• Height bearded plants divided into several groups: dwarf - up to 35 cm high, intermedia - 40-75 cm high and high bearded irises - up to 2 m high.
• The main decoration of the bearded iris is its flowers, which amaze with a variety of shades and intricate shapes.
• The flower consists of 6 petals, which are arranged in two tiers. Three of them rise with a dome upwards, and the remaining three are slightly lowered and bent down. The colors of the petals are often multi-colored: red-orange-yellow, blue-blue, purple-blue with white. Among the variety of shades, there is not only pure red.
• The name of the bearded iris variety comes from a small beard on bent petals, which consists of small woolly hairs, often of a contrasting shade. Hence the name of this variety.
• The flowers of the bearded iris can be single or collected in small inflorescences. A large bush can have about 10 flowers on one peduncle.
• Flowering begins around the end of May or early June. One flower can bloom 3-5 days.
• Some varieties have a pleasant aroma, so they are often grown for industrial purposes to obtain essences for cosmetology.
• After the flowers have faded, the fruits appear on the plant in the form of a three-celled box.

A variety of varieties of bearded iris

Irises have long been considered one of the most popular garden flowers, the variety of colors and shapes of which is simply amazing. The most popular are bearded irises, which group includes approximately 35,000 different varieties that differ in height, shape and size of inflorescences, color. Today there is a very complex classification of species and varieties of irises, which is quite difficult for ordinary gardeners to understand. Many still distribute according to the beard on the petals. Consider the description of the best bearded irises.

• Variety "Beverly Hills". This is a tall bearded iris, the peduncle can reach a height of about 90 cm. The leaves of this flower are long and narrow, have a bright green tint. Bush bearded iris grows rapidly. The flower is medium in size, its shade is coral pink with a lacy reddish beard. Flowering variety Beverly Hills begins in early July.

• Variety of bearded iris "Burgomaster". Another tall variety, the peduncle of which can reach a height of about 80 cm. The flower is medium in size, the petals are orange-purple on the edge, dark purple inside. Inside the flower, the petals are slightly yellowish with a pinkish tinge.
• Sort "Batik". This variety of bearded iris can reach a height of about 70-80 cm. The leaves are narrow, their bright green color do not lose until the end of the summer. The flowers are quite large, up to 16-16 cm each. By the name of the variety, it is clear that the color of the petals will be in the well-known artistic technique of batik. Purple flower with large quantity white veins.

• Variety "Summer Night". A beautiful, tall variety of bearded iris, which can reach a height of 80-90 cm. Medium-sized flowers of a bright purple hue with a yellow core. The flowering of this variety of iris begins in early or mid-July. Flowers have a pronounced aroma.
• Variety of bearded iris "Starfall". A tall variety of bearded iris, which can reach a height of 75-80 cm. The flowers are medium in size, their shade is light yellow with a bright orange beard.
• Variety of bearded iris "Arkady Raikin". Tall iris, which has a bright beautiful shade. The flowers are medium in size, the petals of which are pink-red in color with a contrasting orange beard. The flowers have a strong fragrance.

• Variety of bearded iris "Abkhazia". These are medium-sized flowers that are distinguished by a late flowering period. Flowers are large, purple-brown. Petals along the edge are strongly wavy, have many folds, due to which the flower seems to be fringed.
• Variety of bearded iris "Guards". This variety of bearded iris is considered one of the tallest and most fragrant, which will be an excellent decoration for any site. The flowers are large, reach a diameter of about 15 cm, consist of bright yellow petals.
• Variety of bearded iris "Elbrus Diamond". This variety of iris is also very popular among gardeners. A tall plant that can reach about 80-90 cm. The flowers are massive, white in color with a bright orange-yellow core and veins on the petals.
• Variety "Caribbean Dream". A medium-sized variety of bearded iris, which is distinguished by a delicate vanilla aroma. The flowers are large, have a bright blue hue of the petals.

• A variety of bearded iris "Crowd Heads". This variety of iris is a real miracle of selection. Plants of medium height, the middle of the flowers has a bright purple-blue hue, the extreme petals are silver-blue. The flower has a wonderful fragrance.
• Sort "Noon in Rio". Beautiful variety bearded iris in bright purple tones. The petals of the flower are bright purple with a lacy wavy edge. The beard has a golden color.
• Variety "Nain Lives". A dwarf variety of bearded iris, which can reach a height of about 25-35 cm. The central petals are creamy, the outer petals are dark red-burgundy with a wide light pink border and a central golden spot.

Reproduction of bearded iris: common methods

Most often, planting material for bearded irises is purchased from specialized stores. However, if a beautiful bush of this bright flower still grows on your site, you can try to breed many additional young plants. Several methods are suitable for this: seed propagation, vegetative propagation - division of the rhizome, bud method. Let us consider in more detail the main nuances of each method of reproduction.

Seed propagation of bearded iris

• Seed propagation is used extremely rarely, since in its process the plant completely loses its maternal characteristics.
• First of all, it is necessary to collect seeds in the fall, then decide on the time of sowing.
• To do this, seeds can be sown in autumn or spring. However, when planting in the spring, the seeds must go through a process of stratification.
• Seeds must first be soaked and then dried. Then they are mixed with clean coarse sand and placed in a container, after which they are put in the refrigerator.
• If you decide to sow immediately after collecting the seeds, then be sure to prepare the soil in advance, dig it up and loosen it.
• After that, place the seeds in the soil to a depth of about 1.5-2 cm.
• Seedlings will appear in the spring, but most of them germinate only in the second year after planting.

Reproduction of bearded iris by dividing the rhizome

• This method of reproduction is considered the most popular and frequently used, since every three years the bearded iris bushes still need to be planted due to the loss of decorativeness.
• You can start the propagation method by dividing the rhizome at the end of the summer dormancy of the iris.
• To do this, the bush can be completely dug up or the delenki can be separated immediately from the bush growing in the flower bed.
• The excavated rhizome must be washed under water, and then divided into the required number of divisions so that each side has several healthy buds, a sufficient number of roots and a leaf fan consisting of 5-7 leaves.
• The fan of leaves is shortened to about 15 cm, the roots also need to be cut to 10-15 cm.
• After that, the delenki are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, after which they must be allowed to dry in the sun.
• Delenki landed in a permanent place.
• Irises planted with cuttings may bloom as early as next year.

Reproduction of bearded iris by bud method

• Sometimes gardeners resort to the bud method of breeding bearded irises. This is especially true in cases where it is urgently necessary to breed rare varieties of bearded iris.
• Each rhizome has axillary buds in the form of small tubercles.
• It is necessary to cut the rhizome into several links with buds or cut a bud with a knife.
• After that, the resulting kidneys must be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate or another disinfectant and planted in containers or boxes for growing.
• In this way, you can get a large number of young plants at once.

Preparation before planting bearded iris

Bearded iris is one of the most popular flowers among flower growers, as this beautiful plant contains the beauty and brightness of inflorescences and unpretentiousness in cultivation. However, like any other culture, bearded iris before planting requires careful preparatory work, which consists in acquiring high-quality and healthy planting material and choosing an ideal place for planting on your site. Only after that you will get a beautiful and abundantly flowering plant.

Stage 1. Selection of varieties and seedlings of bearded iris

• First of all, you need to decide on the choice of a particular variety of bearded iris. This is not easy to do, since today there are more than 35,000 varieties of this beautiful plant species.
• Choose a bearded iris variety depending on the planting site. Taller varieties can be purchased for the central part of the flower bed, and undersized ones will look perfect as a border plant.
• You need to buy iris delenki only in a specialized store or garden center, this is the only way you can be sure of the quality of the purchased material. You can also take iris delenki from friends at the moment when the bearded iris is transplanted.
• In stores, delenki are most often sold in transparent bags with a filler, for example, with sawdust.
• Carefully inspect the division, it is better to choose large and healthy divisions that take root and bloom faster.
• The purchased delenka must have at least one link with buds and roots. The rhizome itself should be dense and resilient, without traces of decay and softening. Yellowish spots should be clearly visible on it - signs of the appearance of future roots.
• Delenka can be bought at any time of the year, as this planting material is not afraid of drying out. Most importantly, you can not store it in a package.

Stage 2. Choosing a place for planting bearded iris

• Bearded iris is considered unpretentious culture and does not require the creation of special conditions for growing, however, to obtain bright blooming flower it is important to choose the right place.
• Bearded iris will grow well only in a sunny area, only slight shading is allowed in the afternoon.
• You should not plant irises in the shade of trees or shrubs, as the rhizome of this plant does not tolerate any shading.
• The place you have chosen should be protected from drafts and strong winds, as a strong gust can simply break the delicate flowers of bearded iris.
• It is best to plant irises on an inclined plane, as these flowers do not like stagnant moisture at the rhizome.

Stage 3. Selection and preparation of soil for bearded iris

• For planting irises, it is important to find a site with a neutral or slightly acidic soil reaction. If there is none, then lime can be added with a strong soil acid, and peat and sand can be added with a heavy one.
• The soil should be light and breathable, even rocky soil will do.
• Bearded irises should not be planted on clay soils that retain moisture.
• The soil should not have a large number of weeds that can become a carrier of diseases. A large amount of organic matter is also very bad for flowers.
• Before planting, carefully dig the selected area and loosen the place well.

Planting bearded iris - instructions

• Bearded iris is planted in autumn, when the roots of the plant become hard and dense and will not break.
• Next, in a place prepared in advance, dig the required number of holes for planting, the size of which will depend on the size of the divisions.
• At the bottom of each it is important to pour good layer drainage, as this plant does not tolerate prolonged stagnation of moisture at the roots. Small stones, expanded clay or large and clean sand can be used as drainage.
• Next, in the center of the hole, you need to pour a small mound of soil and place a division of the bearded iris on it, and distribute all the roots around it.
• After that, you need to sprinkle the roots of the iris with soil, and the rhizome itself is slightly covered with clean sand with a layer of about 1-2 cm.
• If you plant delenki in the fall, be sure to cover them with mulch so that they do not freeze out. When planted in summer, the plants will have time to take root.
• Plants need to be watered after planting.

Agrotechnics of growing bearded iris: secrets and nuances of care

Bearded irises are rather unpretentious plants, however, despite this, they constantly need regular and close care, which should consist of elementary actions familiar to every gardener. Proper care of bearded irises will ensure beautiful and brightly flowering plants.

• Watering. Bearded irises have the ability to accumulate moisture in their rhizome, so they can do without watering for a long time. It is necessary to bring water under the root of these plants only during extreme heat and obvious drying of the soil. Young delenki also need abundant soil moisture.
• Loosening and weeding. Irises also need regular loosening. however, it is important to remember here that the root system of this plant is superficial, and the tuber can generally be located on the surface. Therefore, you need to loosen very carefully, trying not to damage the tuber, which will be hard to recover. It is important to constantly remove weeds that can become a source of disease.
• Top dressing. Bearded irises respond well to top dressing, however, it is necessary to choose fertilizers with a minimum nitrogen content, as well as add less organic matter. Usually feed the plant three times per season. The first feeding is done in the spring before flowering - around the end of April. AT this case you can use sodium nitrate. The second top dressing is carried out during the budding period, when ammonium sulfate can be used as a fertilizer. The third feeding is recommended two weeks after flowering. At this time, you can feed the irises with phosphate and potash fertilizers.
• Iris transplant. A few years after planting, the rhizome of the plant begins to grow, and the central part becomes lifeless. In this case, it is recommended to transplant the bearded iris, as the flower loses its decorative effect, the peduncles become shorter, and the flowers are smaller. It is recommended to repot irises every 3-4 years. Dwarf forms of bearded iris can be transplanted less frequently, as they can grow in one place for up to 10 years.
• Pruning. After the flowering of the iris, its flower stalks must be cut off, and before the onset of winter, the leaves of the plant are also cut off at a height of 10-15 cm.
• Shelter for the winter. Russian varieties of bearded iris can winter without shelter. however, more delicate imported varieties should still be covered. To do this, the soil is spudded with peat and covered with fallen leaves, preferably oak, since rodents do not live in it. After that, the plants are covered with spruce branches.

Bearded irises - photo

Bearded irises are the most popular representatives of their family, which have long been the favorites of many gardeners. These luxurious flowers with their bright colors can replace a whole flower bed of other flowering plants, while not requiring any additional effort or expense from you.

Entering the village garden on a warm June day, you will surely see an overgrown curtain of elegant cockerels. Simple and unpretentious, but no less charming. The folk flower also has a more euphonious name - iris, there is a rich pedigree and its own elite. The magnificent varieties of irises with photos and names described in this article will appeal to amateur flower growers and professional designers garden.

Iris - the personification of grace and graceRainbow flower

The rhizomatous perennial belongs to the Kasatikovye family and has almost 800 species, distributed almost all over the planet. It is difficult to find a person who does not know what an iris looks like - his flower is so unusual that once you see it, you will not forget it. But if there are, we offer a description of the plant.

Its rhizome is creeping, divided into annual links. A fan of flat xiphoid leaves sprouts from each segment in spring. A thick strong peduncle emerges from this bunch, on which from 1 to 6 single flowers bloom.

The flower itself is large - 7.5–11 cm high, up to 18 cm in diameter, consists of 6 petals (lobes) - three internal and three external. The inner petals are usually raised up and form a "crown" or "glass". The outer shares, they are also called fouls, diverge to the sides horizontally or lowered down.

Both the variegated colors of the petals and the palette of numerous varieties of irises confirm the name of the flower, which is translated from Greek as "rainbow". There are a variety of tones and combinations:

• plain (self) - white, pastel, saturated, almost black;
• combinations with the traditional combination of colors - white with blue, yellow with brown;
• contrasting combinations of tones and shades, for example, pink with lavender;
• variegated (speckled, bordered).

There is no unified international classification of the plant - in our country only rhizomatous perennials are called irises, in Europe bulbous relatives of the flower are also included in the same genus. And the domestic garden classification for a simple amateur gardener does not add clarity. If you do not go into botanical details, the following types of irises are most often grown in gardens and parks:

• bearded (the most numerous, widespread and demanded group);
• Siberian;
• Japanese;
• Spuria irises;
• bulbous hybrids (Dutch or English).

Before purchasing collection irises, carefully read the assortment and resistance of the specimen you like to the climatic conditions of your region. Many of the hybrids bred in the USA, Japan, Holland, Australia are thermophilic and cannot withstand the frosts of the middle zone, not to mention Siberia or the Urals.

By choosing varieties with different flowering periods, you will enjoy a rainbow palette from mid-May to July. Bearded irises

More than 500 varieties and interspecific hybrids - bearded iris can boast of such a large family.

Powerful, durable and unpretentious perennial according to the height of the bush is divided into 3 groups:

• dwarf varieties (21–40 cm);
• medium height (41–70 cm);
• tall (from 71 cm).

In the tall group, forms are bred that grow up to 110-120 cm with powerful peduncles, which simultaneously bear 5-12 flowers. The higher the plant, the larger and more massive they are, with dense, corrugated petals, a “lace” edge.

A distinctive feature, due to which the iris received its specific name, is the so-called beard, clearly visible in the photo below. This is a shaggy strip of dense short hairs located at the base of the central vein of the outer fouls. In color, it can either match the main background or contrast with it.

A coral-colored beard is clearly visible at the base of the outer petals.

View advantages

It is no coincidence that bearded irises are so popular. In addition to the magnificent appearance and the most extensive palette of colors and shades, they have a lot of other advantages.

• The plant grows rapidly and intensively.
• Blooms profusely and for a long time.
• A large number of frost-resistant varieties have been developed that do not need to be covered for the winter.
• The flower is hardy, rarely gets sick, resistant to pests.

Bearded irises are good in the flower bed and in the cut. Dwarf varieties are appropriate in borders and on Alpine rollercoaster, solo and in composition with other perennials. Tall specimens are indispensable for tapeworms, they look great in company with lilies and peonies.

Overview of popular varieties

We offer a small selection of varieties of bearded irises with photos and names. This is only a small part of the assortment offered by domestic and foreign breeders, for which we chose spectacular specimens that have proven themselves in our conditions.

• Supreme Sultan is a two-color hybrid of American selection, a powerful plant with a height of more than a meter. The inner petals (standards) are of a rich yellow-ocher color, collected in a crown, the falls are cherry-burgundy with a yellow beard, lowered low. The edge of the petals is corrugated. The flowering period is May-June.

  In the photo - the American variety Supreme Sultan

• Thornbird is a popular variety of green-flowered "bearded men", tall (over 80 cm) with a strong peduncle and a luxurious fan of leaves. The flower is large (ø 13–14 cm), orchid-shaped, with creamy standards and greenish-mustard falls, on which a yellow beard with a violet-brown horn stands out. Blooms in June-July, luxuriantly and abundantly. Suitable for growing in the middle lane.

  Green-flowered cultivar Thornbird

• Sultan Palace refers to the spectacular monochromatic hybrids of the Dutch selection. The height of the bush is about a meter, the flower is large with a diameter of up to 15 cm. The upper and lower petals are dense, velvety, rich reddish-brown in color with burgundy veins along the field and a slightly corrugated edge, the beard is yellow. The flower smells good. The plant belongs to a highly winter-hardy group, will delight with long and lush flowering.

  Red - one of the most elegant irises

• Vibrant - a variety of irises for those who love yellow flowers, so magnificent both in the flower bed and in the photo. The color is monophonic, dense, golden yellow, the petals are strongly corrugated along the edge, yellow-orange beards are barely visible at the base of the falls. The flower has a light refined aroma. The plant itself is of excellent quality, tall (from 85 cm), large-flowered, does not degenerate during the growing season. Blooms early.

  A flower for lovers of sunny irises

• Vizir is a magnificent tall variety with large monochromatic flowers. A rich palette of petals plays with raspberry-violet, cranberry, pomegranate hues. The petals are corrugated with "bubbles" along the edge. An orange beard stands out on bright falls.

  In the photo - a variety of irises Vizir

• Champagne Waltz is a tall two-color hybrid of the American originator. The standards are a delicate peach hue with apricot venation, the falls are white with an apricot-yellow border, lowered low. The petals are dense, corrugated, with a velvet texture. Beard red- orange color.

  Border on the edge of fouls - new trend in the selection of irises, Champagne waltz variety

• Immorality is an amazing white iris, shown in the photo below. Standards, fouls, beard - everything in this flower is pure snow-white, the petals are slightly wavy, with a velvet texture. The height in the peduncle is 75–85 cm. The uniqueness of the variety is in remontance. The first time blooms in May, again, under favorable weather conditions - in September. Differs in good frost resistance.

  Re-blooming iris variety Immorality

• Toronto is a tall mid-early hybrid of the American originator. The flowers are large (ø 13–16 cm), two-colored, soaring. The inner petals are a warm pinkish-peach color with a wavy edge, the falls are a contrasting maroon tone, turning along the edge into a burgundy-pink "lace" frill. A red-orange beard stands out clearly on a dark foul. Very colorful, elegant flower!

  In the photo - Toronto iris

• Super Model is a tall solid handsome man with large lavender flowers. The shape of the flower is orchid with soaring falls, the petals are corrugated, with a fringed edge, decorated with an orange beard with white tips. Iris of this variety smells good. Blooms in July, winter-hardy.

  Elegant variety - a real Supermodel

• Super Hero is a real superhero with a hat of large heavy flowers on a strong high peduncle. The crown is formed by white standards with a golden border, the falls are horizontally located, with an ocher area in the center, turning into maroon, almost black edges. A golden yellow beard stands out as a bright spot on the petal.

  Bicolor variety Superhero

Siberian irises

Our compatriot Siberian iris in the photo looks like a bearded relative, but has a number of differences in structure, agricultural technology and description of the flower.

1. The shape of the flower is similar, but it is somewhat smaller, without a beard, the petals are narrower and elongated. Although in fairness it must be said that some modern varieties in terms of flower size can compete with beard irises.
2. The plant grows into large bushes and simply kicks out great amount peduncles.
3. The foliage of this species is brighter and more elegant, it serves as a decoration of the garden even after flowering.
4. The species is extremely hardy, cold-resistant, in adverse conditions weather conditions more reliable.
5. Unlike the bearded iris, this flower can grow and bloom in shade.

Unfortunately, Siberian irises do not smell. But this does not detract from the decorative possibilities of the flower and the interest in it from breeders.

Assortment of Siberian irises

Dozens of varieties and hybrids of Siberian irises have been bred in the world for every taste, some of them we have collected in this collection with photos and names.

Japanese irises

Sword-shaped irises growing in Japan and in our Far East are called Japanese. This is not a specific, but rather a collective term. For a long time they were considered unsuitable for cultivation in the northern regions, they were grown in Primorye, the Caucasus, Black Sea coast. Breeders are trying to actively promote the culture to the north, there are more or less frost-resistant varieties, but in general, the “Japanese” in the middle lane lack heat and light.

The flower of the Japanese iris is very interesting - large (ø up to 25 cm), similar to a saucer. All 6 lobes are bent horizontally, only branches of pistils (styles) with an openwork scallop at the end are raised up. In addition to monochromatic and two-color varieties, speckled, bordered, with contrastingly colored veins are common. Let's take an example of a few of them.

Bulb relatives of irises

Bulbous xifiums are flowers very similar to irises. In the English, Dutch tradition they are called bulbous irises.

The main difference is the presence of bulbs instead of rhizomes. Their leaves are narrower, grooved, more like a daylily, peduncles are thin and tall. The flowers are identical in structure to cockerels - they consist of 6 lobes, some species have a nail bent up on the falls, as can be seen in the photo below.

This is what bulbous iris looks like

In the southern regions, this flower is cultivated quite successfully, but in the north it does not take root, and even if it blooms in some years, then it withers and disappears.

Another flower, reminiscent of either irises or daylilies, is the now fashionable alstroemeria.

In the photo - alstroemeria

This is a South American rhizomatous perennial that grows up to 1 m. The flowers are six-petalled, variegated, multicolored. The plant is thermophilic, therefore it can be grown in the garden only in the south, in the middle lane - only in closed ground.

Video about the types and popular varieties of irises:

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Irises have long gained popularity due to their unusual appearance and unpretentiousness. They practically do not require care, even an inexperienced gardener can cope with growing. Many varieties of this plant have been bred. In order not to get confused in such a variety, it is necessary to study in advance irises, varieties with photos and names. This will help create a spectacular garden to the envy of all neighbors.

Varieties of irises

Iris is a perennial unpretentious plant, which is distinguished by an unusual shape and color of flowers. It is suitable for growing in open areas flooded with sunlight. A distinctive feature of the flowers is their charming delicate aroma. Therefore, they are often used in the perfume industry.

Wild-growing irises today can be found in meadows, in the steppe or on sheer cliffs. In greenhouse conditions, about five hundred different varieties have been bred that are suitable for growing on household plots. They can be divided into several large groups:

• bearded;
• dwarf;
• bulbous;
• Siberian;
• marsh;
• Japanese.

In European countries, it is customary to divide these plants into 10 - 15 categories. Separately, border, Californian and some other species are distinguished. To decide which of them will take root better on your site, carefully study the irises, their varieties with photos and names.

bearded irises

Iris bearded is considered one of the most common varieties of plants. His distinctive feature becomes the presence of fine hairs on the lower petals. They have a more saturated color compared to the general tone of the flower. Among the most spectacular varieties are:

This is just a small part of the variety on the market today. When choosing, pay attention to the fact that the flowers are in harmony with neighboring specimens and fit into the overall design of the site.

The height of such varieties can reach 80 cm, so you should not plant them in close proximity to photophilous low-growing plants.

dwarf irises

Iris dwarf differs from its counterparts in its small stature. The height of the peduncles does not exceed 40 cm. For most varieties, this parameter is 20 cm at all. They will become ideal option for the design of small compact flower beds. Among the most popular varieties are:

Dwarf irises do well in light, permeable soils. If the soil in your garden is heavy, then add sand to it before planting.

bulbous irises

Everyone is used to the fact that irises are rhizomatous plants. Modern specialists have managed to breed several varieties growing from bulbs. They are remarkably different early flowering. They can be compared to snowdrops. As soon as the snow melts, the first flowers appear. There are three main types:

Bulbous irises look good in a flower bed with crocuses, muscari, galanthus and so on. They will be ideal for alpine slides.

Such varieties can be grown in pots and large planters. They will be an excellent decoration of verandas and arbors.

Siberian irises

Photos of Siberian irises are impressive. They are distinguished by the extraordinary beauty of the flowers. The value of this species is also in the fact that the foliage of the plant has a rich green color throughout the season. The most spectacular varieties are:

Such varieties look spectacular along the banks of improvised reservoirs, in large rockeries. Groups of such flowers can decorate the lawn, which will give the landscape an unusual look.

swamp irises

Iris marsh or iris grows everywhere in our country. The leaves of this species are sword-shaped. Their length can reach two meters. This species does well in partial shade. Therefore, such flowers can be planted along fences or near trees with a not too dense crown. Among the most popular varieties are:

Having studied these varieties of irises with photos and names, we can conclude that they are ideal for group plantings. With help different types irises can create spectacular flower beds.

Japanese irises

Japanese iris has orchid-shaped flowers. Their size can vary from 15 to 25 cm. In Japan, such plants are planted so that they can be admired from a height. From this angle, they look the most impressive. The plants are large, so when planting between them, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 30 cm. The most popular varieties:

After studying the photo of the varieties of irises, you can choose the right planting material that is suitable for your type of soil. If you choose instances with different terms flowering, you can admire the beauty of flowers all summer long.

Irises bloom in the garden - video

When choosing bearded irises for growing on your site, first of all, decide on the size. The fact is that these flowers are different in height: there are bearded irises that grow up to 70 cm, and there are those that rise no higher than 5 cm above the ground. The best varieties of bearded irises must meet certain requirements, about which you find out by reading this article.

Medium-sized, tall and miniature bearded irises

Bearded irises - the most extensive group of irises, consisting of several classes.

Tall Bearded Irises (TV)- powerful plants with a height of 71 cm with a branched peduncle, many buds and large flowers, sometimes up to 20 cm in diameter. In the Moscow region, they bloom from mid-June to early July.

Medium-sized bearded irises (MB) - from 41 to 70 cm high, are divided in turn into three groups:

• border irises (BB) with a flowering period similar to tall bearded, but with a proportionally smaller flower;
• intermedia irises (IB) with a flower size of 10-13 cm and a flowering period in the Moscow region from the beginning of June; not necessarily strongly branched, but forming a profusely flowering shrub;
• table, or miniature high bearded irises (MTV) - with a high thin branched peduncle and relatively small (not wider than 8 cm) flowers, used mostly for a bouquet and a table, from where their name came from.

Standard Bearded Dwarfs (SDB)- 21-40 cm high, bloom in the Moscow region from the end of May.

Miniature bearded dwarfs (MDB)- the smallest, the height of such bearded irises is 5-20 cm. These flowers bloom very early (in the Moscow region from the first half of May).

Requirements for tall bearded irises

The modern tall bearded iris is a striking flower! Anyone who sees him is fascinated by his beauty and extremely surprised when he learns that growing luxurious irises is no more difficult than any other garden flowers or even vegetables in the garden. Perhaps, so many erroneous opinions have not developed about any culture that many, even very sophisticated gardeners, are wary of it, usually opposing new varieties to old ones. And it’s completely in vain: among modern varieties there are plenty of those that can reliably and regularly bloom in the middle lane and even have some advantage in resistance to the hardships of our harsh climate compared to historical varieties. Therefore, undoubtedly, it is worth striving to acquire new varieties. But the main advantage of the new varieties is that they are immeasurably more beautiful than the old ones.

The flower breeding progress of tall bearded irises is astonishing. The main attention is paid to the flower, because even just one flower - whether it grows in the garden or stands in a vase - is able to conquer the gardener's imagination and fall in love with him forever. Until now, there are more and more new color combinations, exquisite color patterns, instantly gaining immense popularity. But, despite all the achievements in expanding the color range of irises, the main focus is on the quality of the flower.

The quality of a flower is understood as:

• wide, sometimes closing at the bases halyards and closed standards, making the flower collected, rounded and expressive;
• the density of the texture of the petals, providing resistance to precipitation and a longer flower life;
• grace and uniformity of corrugation of shares;
• width, density and expressiveness of the beards.

An example of excellent flower quality is Keith Keppel's 'Paris Fashion'. Giant flowers also require peduncles proportional to their size - tall, strong, resistant to gusts of wind. So that the opening flowers do not interfere with each other, they must be “spaced” on sufficiently long branches, and in order to ensure a long flowering period, there must be a large number of buds in the inflorescence.

Of particular attraction are the so-called exhibition varieties, which have 3-5 simultaneously opened flowers on the peduncle.

Considerable attention is also paid to the garden attractiveness of the iris - the health of the foliage, the rapid growth of the bush and the representativeness of its flowering, when the number of peduncles on the bush is considered optimal, approximately equal to half the number of leaf fans.

Of particular interest are such varieties, the bushes of which do not throw out flower stalks at the same time, but over a certain period of time, providing exceptionally long flowering. Remontant varieties have long flowering.

At correct selection varieties, the flowering of tall bearded irises stretches for 50 days.

The main requirement for iris varieties for growing in the northern regions is growth energy, which allows you to compensate for many other shortcomings of the plant. The next most important quality is frost resistance. The ability to withstand low temperatures in winter is related to the rhythm of plant development. Irises, whose growth ends by the end of summer and the leaves die off, winter much better and, therefore, their flower buds are not damaged in severe winters.

Tall bearded irises are a very thermophilic culture. So, in the Moscow region and to the north, only 20% of varieties from their total number successfully grow. Therefore, my advice to amateur gardeners is to be primarily interested in its frost resistance when buying.

Resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases is another important quality. Resistance to bacteriosis and heterosporiosis provides healthy foliage, decorative plantings and flowering regularity.

The standard planting unit for bearded irises is usually a one-year growth of the iris rhizome. In the middle lane, they reach an acceptable size by the beginning of August. This is the reason for the recommended planting time - the first half of August, however, good results can be obtained when planting before the beginning of September.

What rhizomes are better to take for planting: large or small, annual (short) or biennial (long)? The answer to this question depends on your goals: if by all means you want to see an iris flower the next year after planting, choose a large rhizome with a wide fan of 6-8 leaves. If flowering next year is not important for you, but the reliability of overwintering and plant survival are paramount, choose a medium-sized one-two-year-old rhizome with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm, with 3-4 leaves.

Agricultural technology for growing bearded irises: planting and care

Agrotechnics for growing bearded irises depends on the purpose of their cultivation, so it is impossible to give any universal scheme. Some grow irises, planting and digging up planting material annually, usually for sale. Others plant irises to decorate the garden in a border, mixborder, rockery or on a rocky hill, where it is advisable not to touch them for several years.

The most important factors for successful cultivation are light and drainage. Do not forget also that irises are heat-loving plants. The more sun the irises get in the garden, the better they bloom. A slight shade in the morning or evening is certainly acceptable, but only some varieties of irises, such as the intermedia ‘In a Flash’, will withstand a more serious shade. The southern slopes are preferable to the northern ones, and a place near the southern wall of the building will also be good. It is good if the landing site is cleared from the prevailing cold winds.

With excessive soil moisture, the respiration of the roots is disturbed, and they partially die off, which leads to a slowdown in plant development.

In similar conditions, bacterial rot also develops on the rhizomes of irises.

If the soil is sufficiently drained, irises can be planted on a flat surface, if the soil is heavy, clayey, then it is better to plant them on a hill or on ridges. Ridges are also more convenient in terms of winter shelter.

High soil fertility is the key to successful cultivation and productivity of tall bearded irises in central Russia.

Bearded irises do best in light, sandy soils. Loams are also acceptable, however the addition of sand and organic materials (peat, composted sawdust, humus) greatly improves the structure and permeability of the soil, leading to excellent results. It is only necessary to take into account that in order to improve the soil to a depth of 20 cm, it will be necessary to add about 100 liters of sand per 1 m2 of soil.

The optimal level of reaction of the soil environment (pH) is 6.8.

If you intend to grow irises on the ridges, then their preparation consists of the following operations:

• freeing the site from the roots of perennial weeds;
• bringing compost or other available organic material to the site;
• leveling organics over the site with the simultaneous introduction of wood ash or dolomite flour and mixing them with the soil with a pitchfork or shovel.
• application of mineral fertilizers under the rake: potassium sulfate and superphosphate, as well as ground or colloidal sulfur in the amount of 5-7 g / m2;
• shaping the ridge profile and compacting the soil to avoid further subsidence and bulging of newly planted plants. The height of the bed profile after compaction is approximately 7-8 cm;
• delivery of coarse-grained river or washed quarry sand to the ridges in such an amount as to form a layer of about 5-7 cm, and its leveling;
• the ridge is ready for planting. In order to preserve the structure of the ridge, it is convenient to plant bearded irises as follows: slightly push the sand, sticking a shovel bayonet into it, place the roots of the iris division into the gap formed, compact the soil around the roots and water the substrate, move it to the planted division of the iris so that it is in the layer sand.

On the ridge, delenki are planted in such a way that the cut part of the rhizome is directed to the edge of the ridge, and the fan of leaves is directed to the middle. In this case, the growing roots will be directed towards the center of the ridge, which will make it easier to water the plants in the groove in the center of the ridge in the future.

Irises can be transplanted at any time during the growing season. However, replanting in the spring may result in poor flowering in the current year. In the middle lane, optimal results are obtained when planting and transplanting irises in August: the plants have enough time to take root and gain sufficient mass to fully bloom next year. Irises planted later, that is, in autumn, usually remain healthy, but do not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather. This can lead to rhizomes sticking out of the ground when the soil freezes. To avoid bulging of the rhizome, additional mulching for the winter is required, or simply fixing the rhizome with a suitable improvised object.

A common mistake when planting and caring for bearded irises is to overburden the rhizome. Irises are recommended to be planted so that the back of the rhizome is at the surface of the soil. For the winter, it is better to sprinkle the open rhizome with soil, and in the spring it needs to be raked.

When caring for bearded irises, watering is required in the first weeks after planting irises for successful rooting. For abundant flowering, adult specimens of bearded irises need watering only with a lack of precipitation, especially in May, when hot, dry weather is often, sometimes in June-July. However, in August, and even more so in September-October, adult bushes no longer need watering. At this time, the plant is preparing for winter, and its growth should not be stimulated.

Feeding irises should be given as in early spring, and 3-4 weeks after flowering. Fertilizing with soluble fertilizers gives a quick effect: in spring - complex with microelements, in July-August - with potassium phosphate.

For the successful cultivation of bearded irises, phosphorus is the most important of the main nutrients, therefore it is advisable to fill the soil with superphosphate (100 g / m2) or bone meal (200-300 g / m2) when preparing the site for irises. For spring-summer top dressing, you can use a complex fertilizer with a low nitrogen content, for example, NPK=6:10:10. The autumn mixture has a ratio of NPK = 0:13:18, it also contains magnesium and elemental sulfur, the latter is 5%. Spring fertilizer mix has the formula NPK=8:37:11.

The best organic fertilizer for iris culture is well-rotted compost.

Bearded irises grow successfully in one place for 4-5 years. The specific terms for updating the bush depend both on the variety and on the agricultural technology used. Some time after planting, the iris bush thickens, which eventually leads to the cessation of flowering. How quickly thickening occurs depends on the multiplication factor of the variety. Some varieties are characterized by vigorous growth, and at the same time are not too demanding on external conditions.

With the age of the bush, it is desirable to increase the number of dressings. If these measures do not bring the desired effect, the entire bush must be dug up, the soil renewed by adding ripe compost and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and planting 3-4 of the strongest shoots, shortening the leaves by about 2/3.

Many modern varieties do not need shelter for the winter. If the variety is chosen for the beauty of the flower, but not winter-hardy enough, additional efforts will be required in preparation for winter. The main problems for irises in winter in the middle lane arise when an ice crust forms on the frozen ground without snow, preventing the plants from breathing.

It is convenient to cover irises with spruce branches or oak leaves, which tend not to cake. To prevent such a frame from getting wet, it must be covered with a non-woven covering material or a film - irises will not soak under them in winter.

Irises hibernate in the best way under dry-air shelter with preliminary drying of the ridge, for which one month is usually enough. The easiest way to protect against rain is with a dense reinforced film laid on arcs or directly on the foliage of irises. At the same time, the ends of the shelter should be open for free air circulation, and they should be closed for the winter. Estimated time for the construction of the shelter - the end of October - the beginning of November.

In the spring, the film is removed from the shelter as early as possible, immediately after the snow melts, and other material is removed as needed.

Varietal irises are propagated vegetatively, that is, by dividing the rhizomes. For accelerated reproduction, it is necessary to remove the flower bud in the fall, located at the base of the leaf fan. After that, the lateral buds start to grow in the plant, which in the spring form new powerful shoots. To separate them, you do not need to dig out the rhizome. On a dry sunny day, you need to rake the ground, cut off dried and yellowing leaves, and cut off the remaining green leaves to the rhizome. The cut must be disinfected and left to dry in the sun. After the wound heals after a few days, the rhizome must be mulched with soil so that roots can form in the awakening buds. The division of the rhizome into bud cuttings, often recommended for propagation of irises, is much less effective method, since in this case the plant is severely injured and, as a result, flowering occurs much later.

For reproduction, dormant buds on 2-3-year-old rhizomes can also be successfully used. To do this, pieces of rhizomes are cut out from the middle of the bush and simply transplanted to a new place.

New varieties of tall bearded irises for the middle lane

When describing, the following data are given: the name of the bearded iris variety, originator, year of registration, flower characteristics, flowering period.

Sundress

Pirogov 2000

Golden-smoky top with a lilac touch. On the white field of the bottom there are purple dots and strokes, a golden-smoky border. Bright yellow pistil ridges glowing in the depths of the flower. Exceptionally vigorous growth and regular abundant and long flowering. Early.

Queen

Sholupov 2003

Intense purple-violet, with a velvety texture of the lobes and powerful corrugation. Exhibition peduncle easily holds several simultaneously opened flowers. Average flowering period.

Cranberry Sauce

Black 2002

Cranberry South

Silky-shiny flower with purple-crimson overflow. Yellow beards emphasize the magnificent depth of color. Average flowering period.

Darcy's Choice

Schreiner 2007

Aarsis Choice flower of original color with white beards on crimson halyards. Wonderful branched peduncle. Average flowering period.

Dawn To Dusk

Schreiner 2008

Aown Too Dusk

A bicolor pink-purple flower that develops a unique gray hue in acidic soils: unexpected and attractive. Middle late.

Edgefield Glow

Schreiner 2011

Edgefield Glow

Exceptional brightness orange flower with dark tangerine beards. This new variety of bearded iris has an incomparable color and excellent vigor not found in other orange varieties. Mid-early.

Never Been Kissed

Blyth 2008

Never Win

Kissed Fashionable reverse: blue top and pure white bottom. Luxurious flower of delicate coloring. A distinctive feature is the best corrugation to date. Mid-early.

Palace Symphony

Blyth 2007

Palace Symphonies

Purple-wine flower with almost black beards and exceptional ruffles. A variety that combines the best features of American and Australian selection. Average flowering period.

Royal Birth

Royal 2003

Royal Burf

Creamy white with golden halyards. Dense flower texture. Abundant flowering and sustainable growth. Medium early flowering period.

Undivided Attention

Ernst 2004

Undivided Attention

Intense pink, warm salmon color, thicker in the center of the flower. Bright coral beards. Abundantly flowering variety. Middle late.

Warranty

T. Johnson 2004

Warranty

A huge floating purple-black flower with a velvety texture on a tall peduncle. Mid-late flowering period.

Unpretentious, but spectacular irises have long been loved by gardeners. They look luxurious in flower beds, beautiful flower beds. These perennial rhizomatous plants are famous for their endless variety of forms, color palette. If you are attracted to irises, the varieties with photos and names that are presented in the article will help you choose the most beautiful and original look flower culture.

More than 4000 varieties of irises are known

The classification of irises is simply impressive, moreover, there are currently more than 4,000 varieties. They often have different shape, color and size. Every year, breeders discover new varieties, thereby replenishing the rich collections of world breeding. Many of them are selected for exhibitions.

The most common types include the following groups, namely:

• bearded and beardless irises;
• bulbous;
• interspecific and specific hybrids;
• xifiums.

The above groups are conditionally divided into a number of groups, among which the most popular are standard dwarfs, curb bearded, Siberian, Japanese, Californian, standard tall irises and other types of plants.

In the photo bearded iris Bebeling Brook

To choose suitable grade irises, we recommend that you see photos of the most beautiful and aesthetically attractive flowers. You will meet some of them in the article. Experienced florists recommend giving preference to those species that are suitable for growing in a particular region, taking into account the climate.

Varieties of bearded irises, photo with names

bearded iris Bebeling Brookis a luxurious flower original form. Its height is approximately 80 cm. The flowering period falls around June. The plant is best planted in a site protected from the wind, prefers light soils. The color of the petals is pale blue. Looks perfect when planting in a group.

In the photo bearded iris Arkady Raikin

Arkady Raikin, the photo of which is in the article belongs to the group of tall irises. The flowering period of this masterpiece is medium. Its reddish-pink color is combined with a contrasting orange border. The aroma of iris is pronounced.

Photograph of a Bearded Iris Sambuca

bearded iris Sambucaflaunts on a branched and fairly strong peduncle. The flowering period usually falls in July. Plant height - 75 cm. The shade of the petal has a dark purple color. As for reproduction, it can be obtained by seed or vegetatively.

In the photo bearded iris Elbrus Diamond

Elbrus Diamond is a large bearded iris with an orange-red beard. It belongs to the group of tall plants of this species. Differs in strong aroma, average terms of maturing and resistance to diseases.

In the photo bearded iris Sapphire dawn

sapphire dawn- Another popular variety of irises. The play of its rich blue shades will please even the most demanding florist. In this variety, the petals are wavy and somewhat corrugated, in the center there is a fluffy-delicate beard.

Pictured bearded iris Burgomaster

bearded iris Burgomaster- one of the best representatives of his class. Its bush is quite dense, and it has a mass of graceful petals with a corrugated edge. They are purple in color with orange inserts in the center. The aroma of Burgomaster is light, the size of the flower is medium, as seen in the photo.

There are many other varieties of bearded irises, with photos, names and descriptions can be found on the Internet. These include the following types: Blue Staccato, Guards, Starfall, Sultan Palace, Wabash, Pregender, Summer Night, Canada Gold and other varieties of irises.

Video about varieties of irises:

Delicate and bright irises, varieties with photos and names - popular topic to discuss gardeners and owners. The demand for these flowers is due not only to their decorative purpose. They are also known for their medicinal properties. Even jam is prepared from the petals of these plantations. We suggest you plant at least one of the varieties of iris on your site.

Iris is a plant of the iris (iris) family, belonging to the perennial genus of rhizomatous flowers. They are distributed on all continents and are very popular. This plant is a distant relative of the gladiolus. In total, about 800 species are distinguished, differing in a variety of shades and shapes. According to legend, this flower was named after the goddess Irida, and in ancient Greek means "rainbow". Among the Slavic peoples, the name iris (Russia) was common, that is, desired, dear, dear; cockerel and even perunik (Ukraine).

White irises have extraordinary beauty. They are so perfect, beautiful and filled with meaning that it is difficult to find a person who would not admire them. The fouls falling down and the lines of standards harmoniously directed upwards give a special royal majesty to the flower. Of the huge variety of flowers, it is irises that have a rich color range. However, pure whites are a very rare variety and are therefore highly valued.

Historical and cultural significance of iris flowers

The white flower of this plant, pure as the wings of an angel, was endowed with various meanings in world cultures: an expression of grief for the deceased, hallmark a noble family, a noble person. Drawings of inflorescences were decorated with flags and coats of arms. personified only positive qualities. As a garden culture, irises are a symbol of aristocracy and power. Archaeologists often find images of this flower on sceptres that belonged to the Egyptian pharaohs. Iris was repeatedly mentioned in the philosophical writings of Hippocrates. This flower among the ancient Greeks was a symbol of courage and was widely used in various rituals. White is traditionally considered a symbol of the Virgin Mary, so their cultivation in all monasteries was mandatory.

flower structure

Depending on the species, the plant may have various rods, thin or fleshy, branching rather weakly. Iris leaves are wide, xiphoid, bright or dark green. The condition of the plant can be determined by the wax coating: if it is even, then it is healthy. It is noted that the foliage until late autumn retains decorative look. Peduncles can reach a length of 90 cm. Depending on the variety, tall (more than 70 cm), medium-sized (35-70 cm) and undersized (25-35 cm) plants are distinguished.

Irises are famous for their unusual form of inflorescence. A description of the plant can be found in specialized literature: iris petals raised up and forming a dome are called a standard (standard), and three petals lowered down are called fouls. On the lower lobes of the flower there are thick bristly outgrowths - a beard.

Preparing for landing

Novice gardeners are often worried about how to plant irises. According to professional plant growers, the growth and flowering of this crop depends on the thoroughness of observing all the rules. The most protected from cold winds, but at the same time, ventilated and well-lit place is suitable for landing. If you can't find something like that, you can choose penumbra. The soil should be drained, light, slightly acidic. To do this, you can add a little wood ash or lime to it. It is important to prevent the appearance of stagnant moisture, as it is a detrimental environment for irises. In addition, they do not tolerate the application of organic fertilizers, which is why they first stop blooming and then rot. White irises do not tolerate the presence of weeds, especially those that have a strong rhizome, so they should be planted in clean and well-groomed areas.

Before this, the long leaves and roots of the plant should be cut at an angle. The leaf part should be no more than 15 cm. When the seedlings are healthy, you can not process them. If the plant has signs of fungus or diseases, it should be cleaned, washed and kept for 20 minutes in a solution of foundationazole or pink potassium permanganate. Purchased or dug up iris bushes should be planted in the ground as soon as possible, as their roots may become weathered. For temporary storage, but not more than 2 days, you will need a wet one, which, when planting, should be laid out to create drainage at the bottom of the hole.

The best way to transfer to the soil is on the ridges after flowering. Such cultivation will ensure the survival of seedlings. For each flower in the flower bed, it is important to make a slight elevation: over time, the earth will sag, so at the time of rooting, the seedling will be reliably protected from the formation of stagnant water. This method of planting will protect the plant in winter frosts and thaws.

Making combs for white irises

On the flower bed, it is necessary to make several ridges, the distance between which should be at least 80-90 cm. With the help of a rake, two parallel rollers with hollows in the middle are formed. They should be filled with water, allowed to soak into the ground, and then form ridges. You can not plant very densely planted plants. If it is planned to place irises on the ridges for no more than 1 year, then it is permissible to make a distance between seedlings of 20-25 cm. With a permanent deployment (3-4 years), the bushes should be located at least 40 cm apart, since irises grow strongly .

Rules for planting irises

So, how to plant irises and when is the best time to do it? The best time is from April to March. Also a favorable month for planting bushes white iris is August, the appropriate time of day is the evening, after sunset. Under such conditions, plants will take root faster. You can not deepen them too deep, however, planting too high is also not recommended. It would be optimal to make a wide hole, where to pour a handful of sand, on which to place the rhizome, and place the roots evenly inside the recess. After that, everything should be sprinkled with earth and compacted. The placement of the iris must be done so that the cut leaf part is at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the windy side. This arrangement of the seedling will prevent the eversion of the roots when strong wind, the leaves will spring back and will not be able to break.

If necessary, plants can be transplanted. This is permissible immediately after flowering (June - September). It is strictly not recommended to do this during flowering, since during this period their roots become weak and are not able to hold the blade of leaves in the wind.

Rules for the care of irises

As a rule, plants take root in the new soil after a month, after which new leaves begin to grow. There are differences in the care of irises, which were planted in late summer - early autumn or after flowering.

The need for moisture also depends on the growing conditions and on the variety. Watering the seedlings should be done on hot summer days, and in the conditions of the southern regions, the ridges at the roots should be sprinkled with light sand to reflect the sun's rays. For irises planted in late summer or autumn, it is much easier to care for, as the earth dries out less, watering is less often required. If excess water accumulates, it is recommended to make a ditch for drainage.

In wet summers, periodic treatment with fungicides will be required, to which an insecticide should be added to the solution, which rids the plants of voracious insects. According to the rules, processing is done in the morning, in the daytime, when the heat subsides, or at sunset. The temperature of the solution should be about 20 degrees.

White irises bloom mainly in May-June, but there are a number of later varieties that delight with beauty from late June to July. However, if the summer is cold, then the buds will not form, respectively, the iris will bloom only next year.

The soil should be loosened and fed, but using only mineral fertilizers. It is permissible that they include phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, since these flowers (white iris) accept only mineral elements. In equal shares in three periods, fertilizer is applied to the soil. The first top dressing should be carried out when the first sprouts just appear above the ground. The second time fertilizers are applied in a month. It is necessary to complete top dressing after flowering. Another option for fertilizing irises is also possible. Phosphorus and nitrogen are used during the first feeding, during the second feeding all useful elements are introduced, and during the third - only phosphorus and potassium. During the growing season, 9 g of minerals per 1 m 2 of soil will be required. The following must be remembered: since the rhizomes of the plant are on the surface, top dressing can only be applied in dissolved and liquid form.

At the end of the summer season, irises are often attacked by an insect called the winter cutworm. To prevent the plants from dying, periodic inspection of the leaves and root system should be carried out to detect insects and oviposition, as they are behind a short time turn into caterpillars that can quickly destroy seedlings. The caterpillars must not be allowed to overwinter in the soil, otherwise, with the onset of spring, they will finally bring the irises to death.

Saving irises in winter

White irises must be carefully prepared for winter. At the end of autumn, before the onset of frost and before the first snow falls, the leaves should be shortened by half, inspected, treated with pesticides if necessary, loosened the soil with the addition of nitrogen fertilizers. You can cover irises in dry weather. First of all, you need to sprinkle the back of the root with clean sand, and then with peat to a height of up to 7 cm. The result will be a mound along which water will drain well. In some cold regions, dry leaves are used to shelter white irises.

As a rule, this horticultural crop is resistant to frost, however, a thaw for green pets can be fatal, as water collects at the roots. But nothing threatens the plant if it is planted on a hill and well covered.

With the onset of spring, the shelter must be removed early, in two approaches. The peat is removed first, and after a few days it will be possible to rake off the sand - so as not to harm the tender and young sprouts. For better growth and giving the plant an aesthetic appearance, it is worth removing dead, dried leaves, freeing the backs of rhizomes, airing and cleaning them, treating them with a pesticide and sprinkle with new, clean sand.

As a rule, irises do not need abundant watering in spring. Repeated exposure to chemicals should be carried out shortly before flowering, the duration of which is more than a month. The faded arrows of the plant are supposed to be cut or broken out. After that, the irises need to be fed and processed, because it is during this period that young flower buds are formed. Bushes must be grown in one place for no more than 3-4 years, then dug up, divided into several parts and transplanted to a new place, otherwise the plant will stop blooming regularly.

Popular varieties of white iris

As already mentioned, several hundred varieties have irises. White varieties are always in demand: flowers are used to create bouquets, decorate flower beds and garden plots, and interiors.

There are many German varieties of white iris. For example, Immortality has a gentle White color, with a lemon yellow center. Bushes reach a height of 75 cm, the flowering period falls on May-June. Iris Immortality is a perennial plant, its petals are even, the flower stalks are erect, not requiring a garter.

The Bianca variety reaches a height of 90 cm. This is a light-loving plant that does not tolerate excess moisture, therefore, it is planted in a lighted, protected from excess moisture and warm area. Flowering occurs in May-June.

The inflorescence of the Dawn Waltz variety is very similar to an orchid. Up to two months, the plant can delight with its pale pink flowers with pearl pink styles.

Irises Esther C.D.M. gained popularity in the 1980s. They have very powerful stems, large green leaves and huge snow-white, like the first snow, flowers that appear only at the end of June.

The name of the variety Mesmerizer from the Hungarian language is translated as "hypnotize", "bewitch". It should be recognized that the beauty of the plant is really capable of captivating.

The name of the bearded variety Lacy Snowflake in Russian sounds like Lacy Snowflake. No comment.

Iris White Nights evokes several associations: with the nights in St. Petersburg and the famous South Park "White Nights" in the vicinity of Sochi. It has a medium-sized inflorescence, height up to 70-90 cm, blooms for a long time in June-July. Able to endure winter without much shelter.

Smiling Angel (or Angel Smile) is an exquisite variety. Their delicate shade will be in harmony with any gamut of colors. White irises are excellently combined with other types of flowers, they look self-sufficient both in group and in a separate planting.

Iris breeding

Reproduction of the plant occurs by dividing the rhizome into several parts or its lobes with buds. A favorable period for this is the end of summer - the beginning of autumn, and only after 4-5 years of growth of the bush in one place. If you do otherwise, the iris simply stops blooming, because over time, flower buds stop forming on the rhizome. Every year, the plant forms new root links with a bunch of leaves resembling a fan. The simplest breeding method is to divide the annual link into pieces. For two days they will need to be left indoors so that a protective wound tissue forms on the sections. They can also be sprinkled with crushed coal.

If waiting 4-5 years is not possible, many gardeners recommend seed breeding. Each variety has its own characteristics during reproduction. For example, white Siberian or can be grown from seeds without much difficulty, while bearded ones, on the contrary, are more difficult to reproduce, since seedlings appear only 2-3 years after sowing.

Irises in cosmetology, pharmaceuticals and cooking

But these beauties perform not only a decorative function. Irises are widely used in medicine in the fight against tuberculosis. From their roots, an essential oil is used in cosmetology, and starch, which is used in the confectionery industry. As you can see, delicate, exquisite flowers not only delight the eye, but also bring practical benefits!