Do-it-yourself lathe copier (copy lathe) Homemade wood lathe with own hands Wood lathe with a copier

A variety of equipment, including machines, can be used to work with wood. Through the use of such equipment, it speeds up the process of machining wooden blanks. A wood lathe with a copier is in great demand, which greatly simplifies the fulfillment of the tasks set: the manufacture of legs for furniture, door handles and balusters.

Many people decide to choose lathes for purchase and installation in their own workshop due to their possible use in the manufacture of products. cylindrical shape. There is quite a large number of different models, they can be divided into several groups:

1. Classical equipment, when the workpiece is located in a chuck or faceplate. A cutter is used as a cutting tool. The workpiece can rotate at different speeds. However, the equipment is not suitable for mass production.
2. Copy machines can be used to work on a template. By using a template, you can simplify the task of manufacturing the same type of products. For small-scale production, a manually operated apparatus is suitable, as it has a low cost and is easy to use.
3. Milling machines are extremely common today. It's because they got wide application in the field of production of case and flat parts from wood and metal. It also occurs in turning milling machine on a tree that can be used to perform various operations.
4. Models with numerical control. In mass production or the manufacture of expensive products, equipment that has a CNC unit can be used. However, the use of a copier significantly reduces the cost of the product.

For a wood lathe, it has very attractive characteristics, due to which they began to be installed in private and other workshops.

Classic design

Industrial machines have a rather complex design, especially CNC versions that can process automatically. The required product can also be obtained by using copiers. The classic design is represented by a combination of the following main components:

A home-made copier for a wood lathe also allows for high-quality processing of workpieces.

DIY manufacturing

Industrial versions of machine tools are expensive. That is why many are considering the possibility of assembling the machine with their own hands. Recommendations for the work are as follows:

Most attention is paid to the production of a copier. It is he who distinguishes the lathe from the copier.

Creating a copier

The copier is used for the production of similar products. Due to its use, the performance indicator is significantly increased. Among the features associated with the creation of a copier, the following points are noted:

The template is made of plywood, it is screwed to the front surface of the beam. The upper surface of the previously installed beam is aligned with the axis of the template.

Disadvantages of the considered device

A homemade copy machine has a fairly large number of significant drawbacks. An example would be the following information:

That is why, in order to establish the production of complex wooden elements it is recommended to install industrial machines.

Woodworking machine Proma DSL-1200

The considered model is intended for processing wooden products, which can be used as decorative elements. A distinctive feature of the design, experts call the presence of two incisors:

This model of the machine can be used to work with large workpieces. For this, the structure is equipped with, which is mounted on rods that act as guides. The installed faceplate allows you to process multifaceted products.

The main characteristics of the model:

The disadvantage of this proposal, like many others, can be called a rather high cost.

Copy model CL-1201

To obtain wood products, a machine model CL-1201 or CL-1500b can be used. The first version of the execution has very attractive operational qualities:

In addition, the manufacturer paid quite a lot of attention to the degree of protection of the machine from the impact environment. For example, the motor has an overheat or overload protection system, and all electronic parts are also protected from moisture and dust.

The only but significant drawback is the high cost of the proposal. Homemade design will cost several times less.

Our article is devoted to nostalgia for school workshops of labor training. Many people know how to carry out turning work on wood, but not everyone can afford to buy and maintain equipment for this. Is it possible to assemble a machine with your own hands that meets the technology and safety requirements - let's figure it out together.

What does GOST say

The good news is that you don't have to reinvent the wheel. The entire assembly process and drawings of each machine module are described in TU3872-477-02077099-2002, and although this document is not publicly available, it can be obtained upon individual request. Although this is unlikely to be needed: the device of the machine is so primitive that you can easily navigate the intricacies of its manufacture even from images from school textbooks.

Another positive fact - STD-120M, apparently, was designed with the expectation of manufacturing "in place", so you can either find almost all the components for assembly on sale, or make and modify it yourself. Naturally, if it becomes possible to inexpensively purchase components for this machine or its younger brother TD-120, do so. Factory-made parts are more reliable, easier to align, and the unified frame design allows you to assemble one machine from many donors.

Please also note that the standardization of modules largely determines the safety of equipment operation. The basic principles of industrial safety are announced in GOST 12.2.026.0-93, and the electrical protection rules are set out in GOST R IEC 60204-1. Conform to these standards any part or machine module that you manufacture.

Bed manufacturing

Instead of a cast iron bed, we offer a lighter welded structure. It consists of two segments of the 72nd corner steel 1250 mm long. The temptation is great to make the bed larger for processing more massive products, but remember that such changes require intervention in other parts of the machine. Perhaps you should take TT-10460 as a sample for a meter-long blank.

We place the corners on a flat horizontal plane with shelves to each other. We insert calibrated inserts between them so that the guide beds are located strictly parallel with a distance of 45 mm. To fasten the guides, we use two corners, the same as on the bed, 190 mm each, which we put from the front and rear edges. Before welding parts, it is recommended to squeeze them with clamps so that the metal does not lead when it cools.

The guides are fastened with another 190 mm jumper, in the lower shelf of which there are cutouts for each corner. This part is installed with the formation of a cell, the dimensions exactly corresponding to the landing spike of the headstock, in standard version it is 45x165 mm.

Such a bed can be attached in any way to a workbench or deck, but it is recommended to weld all fastening elements without violating the integrity of the base. If a separate corner is allocated for the machine, weld the legs from the pipe perpendicular to the corners of the frame and, for greater stability, make them a small “bracing” with a sledgehammer. Ultimately, the weight of the bed, fastened to the workbench, should not be less than 60-70 kg.

handcuff

This element conditionally consists of two parts. For both, one type of workpiece is needed - a 50 mm corner, inside of which another, 30 mm wide, is embedded. They are welded along the edges, as a result, two segments of 260 and 600 mm should be obtained.

A short detail is an adjustable handrest base. One of the shelves is cut off, but not completely, a segment of 110 mm long with an oblique cut is left. The other shelf is cut at a right angle of 60 mm from the rear edge. From a thick steel plate, you need to make a reciprocal frame that will clamp the guide of the handstand rack.

To make a guide with a clamp, take an ordinary pipe per inch and make a longitudinal cut in it with a grinder. The resulting sleeve should be about 150 mm long, we put it in a 25 mm corner, orienting the slot outward perpendicular to one of the shelves. We tighten the parts with a clamp and boil along the entire length closest to the slot of the shelf. We cover the workpiece with a second corner of the same length and attach it to the tube from the back.

The guide is welded flat to the protruding shelf of the adjusting rail from its inner side. For fixing, a screw with a long handle and a nut welded to the rail are used. On the reverse side, the reciprocal plate is fastened with a cotter pin or even a welded bar.

The handpiece is mounted on a 20 mm smooth reinforcement rod, which is located in the center on the outside of the corner blank. The rod fits snugly into the tube of the guide system, and when the screw is tightened, it is reliably compressed from all sides. A long corner blank 600 mm long is welded to the bar with a slight inclination towards itself and a slightly “sharpened” leading edge.

Drive and transmission

The standard drive option is an asynchronous three-phase motor with a power of up to 2 kW (typically 1.2 kW) connected to the headstock shaft V-belt drive on double pulleys. The bed for fastening the engine can be located between the legs of the frame, or on an additional platform behind the headstock, which will complicate the assembly, but make it more convenient to transfer the belt.

It is far from always possible to use the engine with the desired shaft speed, so reaching the final speed is carried out by adjusting the diameter of the pulleys. For example, if you have a blood pressure at 1480 rpm, then in order to reach the coveted 1100 and 2150 rpm, the diameters of the leading and driven streams must be related as 1:1.5 and 1.3:1.

When placing the engine, it is useful to provide the frame with a plate fixed on the gate canopies. An engine installed according to such a system will always be in a suspended state and will ensure that the belt is tightly pressed by its own weight. And if you equip the platform with a pedal, the speed can be changed even on the go.

On the electrical side, there are no difficulties either. Switching is performed by a standard three-phase starting button with reverse, for such a low-power motor there is no need to install a starter. The only moment is the inclusion of braking direct current while holding the stop button, for which you need a powerful diode bridge (on KD203D) according to standard scheme inclusions.

The frequency controlled motor can be used as a direct drive, eliminating the need to design a headstock. To do this, you need to fix the engine on the transition platform, in the lower part of which there is a longitudinal mounting spike 45 mm wide as a regular alignment tool for the STD120 bed.

Headstock

Looking ahead, we note that both the headstock and tailstock include parts that can be made only with access to a metal lathe. Otherwise, it makes sense to think about purchasing ready-made modules, or at least their cast consoles.

At the base of the headstock are two S, V or U type bearing housings permanently mounted on an angle steel frame. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict what sizes will be available, but in general, the height of the spindle axis above the bed should be at least 120 mm. Given that the diameter of the spindle shaft is about 25 mm, the bearing assembly will be of most interest with a total height dimension of about 70 mm.

The shaft is machined from carbon steel round timber with a diameter of 40 mm with a tolerance of not more than 0.05 mm. There are two main variations of the shaft. The first is the simplest: the shaft pillar remains in the center, then descents are made to the bore diameter of the bearing units, then threads are cut at the ends. For axial fixation, four grooves are machined on the shaft for retaining rings.

1 — seats for bearings; 2 - grooves for retaining rings

The second variation has an extension in the form of a skirt just behind the thread of the cartridge. It is designed to install a flanged thrust bearing mounted on the ledge of the headstock base. This approach reduces bearing wear if the machine is processing massive parts.

The base of the headstock is two pairs of corners or two channels turned towards each other. By bringing the vertical flanges together and apart, you can adjust the height of the base to the axial height of the existing bearing units. From below, a 45 mm strip is welded to the base, which acts as an adjustment groove. The assembly order is important: first, bearings are pressed onto the spindle, then the shaft is mounted on a frame with a substrate of adjusting steel plates.

tailstock

Making a tailstock is not an example easier. It consists of four parts:

1. Angle steel base 100 mm high, following the same principle as for the headstock. Two 50 mm corners are bolted on top across the top, in their shelves in the center there are cutouts of 40 mm wide squares.
2. The guide (external) is a thick-walled square tube 40 mm wide, 150 mm long and with an internal clearance of 20x20 mm. In the back, you need to install a plug with a thickness of 6-8 mm and with a hole in the center of 8 mm, it is fastened with two screws through the walls of the tube.
3. The inner tube, also known as the quill, is made from a 20 mm profile tube, preferably thick-walled and milled exactly under the guide clearance. An M14 nut is welded in the back of the quill, a metal rod is inserted and welded into the front, widened up to 5 mm to fit a double-row bearing.
4. The drive screw has a thread for a nut in the quill (it is desirable to make it trapezoidal), in the rear part there is a transition to an 8 mm thread for fastening the flywheel.

The principle of operation and the assembly scheme of the quill are quite obvious, but Special attention should be given to the alignment of the axes. The guide tube, fixed by welding in the cutouts of the corners, can be raised higher or lower due to the linings made of transformer steel. The headstock and tailstock must be absolutely aligned, the tolerance is only a couple of tenths.

As for the method of attachment to the frame, it is the same for headstocks and for the handpiece. The M14 or M16 studs are welded to the bottom of the stocks, and a large plowshare bolt is inserted into the slot of the armrest. From below, the modules are tightened with nuts with rods welded to them like levers. For uniform tight pressing from below, a 50 mm channel is placed as a striker.

Wood is one of the main materials that people use in Everyday life for the manufacture of furniture, objects interior decoration, decorative architectural elements, household and garden supplies and much more.

Wood copier.

One or two things can be done hand tool or using woodworking equipment.

But how to process a large number of completely identical products with the least labor and time costs? In this case, copy machines will come to the rescue. One of them is a copy-milling machine for wood.

The article discusses its device and principle of operation, and also offers some advice to those wishing to make the device on their own.

Copy-milling machines (CFS) are designed for processing wood parts by copying. Varieties of the method:

• contour or 2-dimensional (2-D) milling;
• volume or 3-dimensional (3D) copying.

One method or another is used depending on the shape of the workpiece.

The main advantage of copy machines is that you can produce any number of parts with a curved contour, which are a copy of the original copy. All of them will be absolutely identical. At the same time, the machine has the flexibility to switch to another part, just change the reference.

Therefore, their scope is quite wide: from small-scale production to mass production. In addition to large enough machines for industrial use, there are compact desktop devices. Copy machines are used in furniture production, woodworking workshops, in carpentry workshops of individual entrepreneurs.

Milling heads (milling cutter) are often used as a working unit in small machines. Its rotational speed is sufficient to ensure the required surface quality (no chips, splits, burrs).

Examples of workpieces

Below is a far from complete composition of products manufactured using FSC:

• furniture details - facades, headboards, backs, legs of armchairs and chairs;
• interior items - fireplace framing, wooden panels, frames, stands;
• souvenir products - figurines, caskets, medallions;
• building structures - framing arched windows, filling paneled doors;
• architectural elements - bas-reliefs, decorative friezes and borders, window casings (slotted or embossed), cornice carving;
• decorative fences - railing elements, balusters, ornamental screens, fence details;
• wooden elements of the weapon - butt, fore-end;
• handles of a gardening tool, for example, an ax handle.

As you can see, the listed parts have significant differences from each other, both in size and shape. If you group them according to the most common features, then it becomes obvious that processing of parts belonging to the same group requires its own design (layout) of the machine.

The principle of operation of the copier

For replication of the product, one of the copies is used, which serves as a template. The head with the cutting tool (cutter) is integrally connected to the copy probe.

In 2D milling, the probe moves along the generatrix of the copied contour, and the rotating tool repeats this movement, resulting in a copy of the template.

When milling a 3D part, the copy tip scans the 3D model and causes the cutter to move along an equidistant (similar) path. The nature of the movements of copying machines is of 2 types:

• The template and the workpiece are stationary, the cutting head moves in the longitudinal direction, removing a certain amount of material in one double stroke.
• The template and workpiece (one or more) rotate, and the cutter moves in the radial direction along the copier. As a result, it repeats the profile of the copied section. In this case, the cutting unit or part is uniformly moved along the longitudinal axis of the product.

A private type of copying and engraving work is the milling of drawings or ornaments according to a template, which is a pasted paper copy printed on a printer.

As a program for creating a drawing, you can use AVTOCAD, Compass, Word, Paint and others. In order not to break through the paper, a soft insert (wood or plastic) is inserted into the copying tip.

Choosing the layout of a homemade machine

What you need to know when starting to develop your original device.

First of all, you should determine what parts it is intended for. Next, you should select the shaping movements, the number of axes of the machine. For processing flat parts by contour copying, 2 axes are sufficient: longitudinal and transverse movement. Details with low relief require another movement (perpendicular).

However, if the terrain is steep, then the tool axis must be additionally rotated to ensure Better conditions for processing. That is, it already turns out 4 axes. In some cases, 5 or more axles will be required. Introducing processing technology in your head, you should consider all possible situations. After the machine has been manufactured, adding additional movements can be problematic.

Finally, the machine must be arranged in such a way that the control forces are minimal. This means moving parts should be as light as possible. Think about which layout is better to choose: horizontal or vertical. Firstly, the convenience of work, as well as loading and unloading of workpieces, depends on it. Secondly, with a vertical layout, the chips fall directly to the floor or into the trough, and do not accumulate on the base or in the mechanisms of the machine.

The milling head should be selected as high as possible. This is an important factor affecting the quality of processing (the height of the scallops from the cutter decreases).

A few examples

Pantograph

Photo 1: machine for cutting letters.

Used for flat threads. Its design is based on geometric figure- parallelogram. One of the properties of this mechanism is that the nodal points describe equidistant curves during movement. Moreover, if the link is lengthened, then its end point will cover a greater distance. This property allows you to use the mechanism for scaling.

The photo shows that the total length with a copying tip at the end is about 2 times longer than the side of the parallelogram. This means that the mechanism is increasing. If you copy any figure with the tip, the cutter will reduce it by 2 times. This will reduce copier errors. Do not forget that the drawing or template is enlarged in this case.

To make a pantograph, you will need a purchased milling cutter and several dry boards. Apparently it doesn't get any cheaper.

Machine with a plane-parallel mechanism

Photo 2: contour milling

The scope is also contour milling.

Unlike a pantograph, a curvilinear trajectory is obtained by adding 2 mutually perpendicular movements. The 3rd axis is used to insert the cutter into the thickness of the part. The weight at the opposite end of the swing frame is designed to balance the system.

Pay attention to a small flaw in the design: it is better to install the load on a threaded stud in order to provide for the possibility of adjustment.

Volume Milling Machine

Photo 3: volumetric milling

In the lower part of the bed there are 2 swivel attachment points for the copier and the workpiece.

The milling head is mounted on a balanced oscillating frame, which moves along mutually perpendicular guides during operation.

Instead of linear bearings or sleeves, as in the previous device, roller carriages are used here. The advantage of the design is the open base, which facilitates the removal of chips.

duplicarver-2

Photo 4: machine for flat-relief and sculptural carving

Serial machine for flat-relief and sculptural carving. An example of simplicity: they say about such constructions - two sticks, two rolling pins. Has 5 controlled axes:

• 4 turns (side arms, swing frame, head, work tables);
• transverse movement of the head.

Longitudinal movement is obtained by adding 2 turns: levers and frame. As a power head, a German milling cutter with a power of 500 W and a spindle speed of 10 - 30 thousand revolutions per minute is used. Easily carried by one person (weight - 28 kg).

duplicarver-3

Photo 5: processing of long volumetric threads

2 more guide rollers (additional linear axis) are added to the previous machine, and the rotary work tables are arranged vertically. As a result, it became possible to process long volumetric threads.

Shown below are some drawings that may be helpful in making homemade device.

Drawing 1 - pantograph device

Drawing 2 - diagram of a milling cutter mounted on a pantograph

Drawing 3 - carriage for installing a router on a flat-copier

Video: presentation of a homemade copy machine

Do-it-yourself CNC copy machine - is it possible

All the devices discussed above have manual control, that is, despite the increase in productivity, the person remains chained to the mechanism. Such work is rather monotonous and tedious. In mass and large-scale production, copy-milling machines equipped with numerical control (CNC) are used. All work on such equipment comes down to loading blanks and removing finished products. As an example, the photo shows a similar machine.

The copier differs from a conventional CNC milling machine in the presence of a programming system. A traditional CNC machine works from a control program compiled by the operator in a system, for example, ARTCAM, according to a 3-D model that is developed at the design stage by a design engineer. If the product was created by a sculptor or designer, it must first be digitized, that is, a 3-D model must be created. This work is done by a software engineer.

On a CNC copy machine, the control program is compiled by the system itself. When installing a copied product, an additional CNC attachment probes the part and creates its 3-dimensional model, according to which the control program is automatically generated. Given the high cost of components, problems with the acquisition of a CNC system, make it yourself copy machine CNC - something from the realm of fantasy. It’s easier to make a CNC milling machine (not a copy machine), although not everyone can handle it either.

For those who are going to start their own business, making wood crafts, as well as for professional cabinetmakers, a do-it-yourself copy machine will be of great help. It can be successfully used for the purpose of decorating a country estate, outbuildings, playgrounds and other structures. Jewelry, it would seem, the work will be done effortlessly and with high quality.

Both in production and at home, it often becomes necessary to manufacture a part whose shape and dimensions are completely identical to the original sample. At enterprises, this problem is solved with the help of such a device as a copy-milling machine, which allows you to make copies of the original part in large series, is characterized by high speed, as well as the quality of the processing performed.

What is the milling process

Copy-milling machines and any other equipment of the milling group can be found on almost any industrial enterprise. This is explained by the fact that the milling operation is one of the most common methods used to perform machining. This technology allows you to perform a wide range of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing operations with simple and shaped blanks made of ferrous and non-ferrous metal, work on wood and plastic. On modern milling equipment with high precision and performance, parts of even the most complex shape are processed.

There are two main types of milling: counter (feed and rotation of the tool are in different directions) and associated (the tool rotates in the same direction as the feed). The cutting part of the tools that perform milling is made of various materials, which makes it possible not only to successfully work on wood, but also to process (including grinding) even the most solid metals and alloys, artificial and natural stone.

Milling equipment is divided into two types: general purpose and specialized, to which the copy-milling machine belongs.

Capabilities of copy-milling equipment

The copy machine, belonging to the milling group, is designed for copy-milling work with flat and voluminous parts. In addition, such a device can be used to engrave shaped profiles, apply inscriptions and patterns (even of high complexity) to products, and perform light milling operations on wood and other materials.

Using tools with a cutting part made of various materials, copy-milling machines process parts made of cast iron, different grades of steel and non-ferrous metals. On such devices for the production of parts in small and large batches, blades of turbojet engines and steam turbines, propellers for ships, punching and forging dies, impellers for hydraulic turbines, molds for pressing and casting, molds, etc. are successfully produced.

On a copy-milling machine, technological operations are performed that are practically inaccessible to universal equipment. The principle of operation of such a machine is based on the copying method, for which a special template is used. The use of a template eliminates the human factor when processing even the most complex parts, so that all finished products have the same shape and geometric dimensions. Conveniently, one template can be used to precisely manufacture a large batch of parts that will be completely identical to each other.

In order to copy the shape and dimensions of the template as accurately as possible, a copier (pantograph for the router) is installed on the copy-milling machine. The purpose of such a device is the exact transmission of all movements of the copy head to the cutting tool.

How does a copy-milling machine work

Copy-milling machines, as mentioned above, are used for planar (profile processing) and three-dimensional (relief processing) milling. As a working tool, cutters are used on them, which, processing the contour or volumetric surface of the part, repeat the movements of the copier. The connection of the working body and the tracking system for manual machines is provided by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic elements needed to form the force transmitted from the copier to the working body of the copy-milling machine.

A template on such machines is a flat contour or spatial model, a reference part or contour drawings, and an element that reads the shape and dimensions of the template is a copy finger or roller, a special probe, a photocell. You can use an aluminum sheet or a sheet of other metal, plastic or wood to make a template. The template and the workpiece are located on the rotating desktop of the machine.

The working body of copy-milling equipment is driven by such structural elements as a screw, spool valve, solenoid, differential or electromagnetic clutch. Relays installed in amplifying devices of copy-milling machines are electromagnetic, hydraulic or electro-optical.

The quality of the workpiece (surface roughness, shape and size accuracy) depends on such a parameter as the speed of the tracking device. In this case, the following characteristics of the finished product can be achieved: roughness - No. 6, profile accuracy - 0.02 mm. The main elements of the executive circuit of such equipment are an electric motor and a hydraulic cylinder.

The pantograph installed on copy-milling equipment provides copying in a given scale. The design of the pantograph consists of a guide pin, its axis, a tool spindle and a separate axis of rotation. The spindle and the guide pin are located on the same rail, the ratio of the shoulders of which determines the scale of copying.

Moving along the contour of the template, the finger sets in motion the rail, which freely rotates on the axis. Accordingly, on the other side of the rail, the machine spindle makes identical movements, processing the workpiece. On copy-milling machines, which are made by hand, such a device will also not be superfluous, its presence significantly increases the functionality of the equipment.

Varieties of machines of the copy-milling group

The equipment of the copy-milling machine may include drives various types. Based on this parameter, allocate:

• equipment with a pantograph (suitable for processing parts in 2-3 dimensions);
• devices with a copier mounted on a rotary rail moving in a vertical plane;
• single and multi-spindle machines equipped with rotary tables round or rectangular shape;
• machine tools, the feed on which is provided by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic devices;
• photocopier equipment.

A homemade copy machine can be any of these types (including copy grinding machines). You just need to find drawings on the Internet and select components.

According to the degree of automation and the method of fixing the workpiece, the following categories of copy-milling machines are distinguished:

• manual or desktop, on which the workpiece is fixed mechanically(on these devices you can drill holes various shapes in accordance with the template);
• automatic equipment stationary type, the workpieces on which are fixed with the help of pneumatic clamps (on such machines they work with aluminum);
• automatic equipment of a stationary type with pneumatic clamps, on which a three-spindle head is installed (on these copy-milling machines, triple holes are drilled at the same time, which does not allow the execution of units of the two previous types).

How does a copy milling machine work

As noted above, on a copy-milling machine, the workpiece is processed using a master device - a copier. All movements of the copier along the contour or surface of the template are transmitted thanks to a special (copier) device to the working head of the machine, in which the cutter is fixed. Thus, cutting tool exactly repeats all those movements that the copier used to equip the router makes.

The movements of the elements of the copy-milling machine during the processing of the part are divided into main (rotation and movement of the spindle when the tool plunges into the workpiece material, movement along the contour of the desktop and sled) and auxiliary (movement of the spindle head, sled and table in accelerated mode, as well as installation movements made by the tracer table, copy finger, stops and a clamp that fixes the spindle head).

In aluminum key-cutting machines, two tracking schemes can be implemented: simple action and feedback action. When implementing the direct action scheme, the working body of the machine makes movements due to the fact that it is rigidly connected to the copier. The reverse action scheme does not provide for such a connection, and movements from the copier to the working body are not transmitted directly, but through the tracking system.

As mentioned above, copy-milling machines perform contour and volumetric milling. In contour milling, the movements of the copier occur in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the tool axis. In the first case, the movement of the working table of the equipment can only be longitudinal, and the cutter and copy finger move vertically. In the second case, the table moves both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. With volumetric milling, the part is processed in stages - thanks to several movements of the table and tool, performed in parallel planes.

The direct action scheme can also be implemented through a pantograph, which allows you to reduce the size of finished products in relation to the size of the template used (scale). Most often, such an additional device, which is easy to make yourself, is installed on machines used for engraving and light milling.

Another variation of a self-made machine

How to make a copy-milling machine with your own hands

Many home craftsmen would like to buy a copy-milling machine to equip their workshop, but the cost of such equipment is quite high. Meanwhile, having a desire, spending not so much time, effort and financial resources, you can make such equipment with your own hands.

Naturally, home-made copy-milling equipment cannot be compared with professional ones in terms of power, reliability and functionality, but even on such machines you can make high-quality copies, work with wood and process workpieces from other materials. Many are trying to fit a copier to an existing one, but this is not practical, since in this case almost the entire machine has to be redone. As practice shows, it is better to assemble your home-made copy-milling machine from scratch, choosing the appropriate components for this.

The photo below is an example homemade machine with video supplement. The creator of the machine is narrating in English, but in principle everything is quite clear and without translation.

With your own hands, a copy-milling device is easiest to make according to a typical scheme, which includes load-bearing structure– frame, working table and milling head. The drive for ensuring the rotation of the working tool is an electric motor that transmits movement through a two-stage mechanism that allows you to get two speeds. The desktop of this homemade device can be adjusted in height.

Many of those who made a copy-milling machine with their own hands note that when changing operating modes, such equipment begins to show a lot of shortcomings. The most common of these shortcomings are machine frame vibrations, workpiece distortion and deflection, poor copying performance, etc. To avoid such problems, it is best to make the copy-milling device highly specialized and immediately set it up for processing the same type of workpieces. This is explained by the fact that it is almost impossible to take into account all the shortcomings that universal equipment will have when changing operating modes.

All photos from the article

A wood lathe is a machine that is widely used in factory woodworking to replicate products of a certain configuration corresponding to a given sample. This equipment allows you to process any parts with high accuracy and speed. However, production machines with their large dimensions will be difficult to locate in a small private workshop.

Copy equipment in woodworking

Many carpentry lovers, gradually expanding their tool base and improving their skills, come to the idea of ​​​​assembling a copy lathe for wood with their own hands. After all, with the help of this device it is possible to make an exact copy of any piece of furniture and perform restoration work.

Note!
In most cases, of course, the main factor that encourages people to "reinvent the wheel" is the high price of a finished factory product.

The principle of operation on a wood copier is quite simple:

• blank required size clamped in a horizontal position.
• We start the device forcing the workpiece to rotate around its axis.
• In turn, the movable cutter also removes excess wood, turning the blank into a product of the desired shape..

Structurally copier for a wood lathe is a series of parts connected to each other, so there will be something to work on.

Do-it-yourself equipment assembly at home

Lathe

In order to assemble a small wood copier with your own hands, you will need to make some effort and patience, as well as invest financially (about 7-7.5 thousand rubles). But this is many times less than the costs that await you if you purchase a ready-made option.