1. Scope of application
2. Functional Features
3. Equipment types

Milling machines with the ability to copy are indispensable where it is necessary to produce parts in full accordance with the existing template. At the same time, the equipment will equally cope with the production of a small or impressive batch of wood products. Just like a CNC milling machine, this device is used in large-scale production, so it is popular both in private workshops and in large woodworking plants. Copy-milling units are able to produce a product that completely corresponds to the original sample in shape and size, which is achieved by automatically moving the cutter along a given path. The main advantage that the copy-milling machine has is the high speed of processing parts, regardless of size and configuration.

Scope of application

The copy-milling machine, also known in the professional environment as a duplicarver, is equally used for the manufacture of three-dimensional or flat objects from wood, and its operation is similar to that of equipment equipped with a CNC system. Individual samples make it possible to process wood blanks using a copier, which is a three-dimensional model.

Often used in the carpentry industry, an engraving machine that includes a copy mechanism in its design is usually used to solve the following tasks:

• drawing all kinds of inscriptions, logos and curvilinear contours;
• artistic woodcarving;
• engraving of shaped profiles;
• formation of patterns and faces on different planes.

Considering that copy milling machines easily cope with the creation of decorative parts of complex configuration, such equipment is often found in furniture production.

Functional Features

The design and filling of the copy- milling machine allow you to achieve high speed work when processing even complex parts. The main element of such units is a cutter. Cutting tool, besides shaping wooden parts also applies when working with metal products. The cutter cuts out the necessary part along the contour or surface, which is initially set by the copying mechanism. Communication between the cutting element and the control system for the correct execution of the process here takes place using hydraulics and pneumatics. Most often household machines on wood of this type are equipped mechanical system workpiece supply and control of structural units.

As a copier, a flat template, a pre-created reference model, various contour drawings or photocells are used, and the sample is selected depending on the production features or at the request of the master. Templates are made from any material, be it plastic, wood or metal. Focusing on the requirements of the modern carpentry industry, many manufacturers complete copy-milling machines with a CNC device, which turns the unit into a universal device. The copy-milling machine functions according to the following principle: a template is set to which the controller is connected, and through the communication mechanism, set parameters figures to the cutting element.

Equipment types

Depending on the type of drive installed on the machine, the equipment is divided into the following types:

• wood milling pantograph showing 2D or 3D work;
• universal pantograph with a swivel arm, which in most cases is installed in a vertical position;
• machine for accelerated processing of workpieces with several spindles;
• device with mechanical, hydraulic or electronic feed;
• machine with a photocopier that sets the trajectory of the cutter.

Also, copy-milling machines are classified according to the degree of automation of the workflow, and the more additional options are present in a particular model, the higher its price tag. It is worth noting that the template method of cutting wood initially implies automatic observance of the trajectory of the cutter, so the installation of CNC is absolutely not necessary here and, rather, is a tribute to new technologies that have proven to be the most effective.

Is it possible to create a copy-milling device yourself?

Today, there is no shortage of machines on the carpentry equipment market, but their rather high cost does not always allow you to purchase such a unit. home master. The device will pay off with its intensive use not earlier than in 5 years, and even then on an industrial scale. Now that you have familiarized yourself with the characteristics of pantographs and know what it is and where it is used, you can try to make a copy-milling machine yourself. Of course, a handicraft device is inferior in terms of performance to factory samples. Also, the masters do not recommend converting an ordinary router into a copy unit, but advise assembling from scratch.

Before making a machine, they select a suitable scheme for its assembly, as a rule, including several mandatory elements:

• work surface;
• table support;
• milling head.

The change of the milling mode is carried out here by adjusting the height of the tabletop. The milling head is driven by an electric drive, while the equipment is often equipped with a speed controller. Pantographs can be made of wood, although this option will not differ high precision work due to the looped connection of individual elements, which is characterized by play. As for metal drawing machines, they can operate on various scales, but they cannot cope with the manufacture of bulk products.

Unfortunately, milling on a homemade copy machine does not always allow you to get perfect exact dimensions details, besides the finished product may have significant flaws. Such Negative consequences primarily due to the vibration of the working surface, which is almost impossible to neutralize. Also, it is not always possible to avoid various flaws at the moment of changing the direction of movement of the cutter. In addition, there is an internal tension wooden blank, which leads to its distortion.

Taking into account the shortcomings of homemade, the only significant advantage of which is the affordable price of components, it is recommended to resort to its help only to create parts of the same type within a narrow-profile production.

Copy-milling machine "Duplicarver" is used for copying sculptures and flat-relief products, as well as woodcarving. To date, analogues of such technology on Russian market no. The equipment has received recognition among specialists and beginners. This device complies with the requirements of the technical regulation.

On sale you can find three types of machines:

• "Duplicarver-1";
• "Duplicarver-2";
• "Duplicarver-3".

With their help, it is possible to carry out not only cultural and volumetric carving, but also flat-relief work. It can be a panel, as well as panels of small depth. The dimensions of the products are determined by the width, and their length can be any. Duplicarver-3 retained all the characteristics of Duplicarver-2 and acquired new ones. With it, you can carry out long volumetric threads.

The high-quality milling cutter, which is made in Germany, acts as a working tool of the device. The machine works accurately and as reliably as possible, and you can master the techniques of working on it quickly enough. If you can’t afford such equipment, then copy-milling machines for wood can be made independently. For this, there is no need to buy any complicated spare parts.

Classification by degree of automation

When copy-milling machines for wood are made, initially the craftsmen deal with varieties of such equipment, it can be

• desktop or manual;
• automatic;
• stationary.

In the first case, the workpiece is fixed mechanically; holes are usually drilled on these devices. different shapes, however, the settings are affected by the template. Stationary automatic equipment fixes workpieces with the help of pneumatic clamps, it is possible to work on it with aluminum.

When preparing the drawings of a milling and copying machine before its manufacture, you must also understand that there is stationary automatic equipment with pneumatic clamps, which are complemented by three-spindle heads.

Homemade equipment can be created from a blueprint. As a result, it will be possible to get a device that performs its tasks, like factory equipment. The copier will consist of such nodes as:

• working surface;
• device for installing a milling cutter;
• carrier frame.

When they are made with a milling head, it should be supplemented with a transmission mechanism and an electric motor, only in this way can several speeds be obtained. As a result of using such a unit, it is possible to complete a part that may have a certain number of flaws.

They can occur in the process of changing the direction of the cutter, vibration and jitter of the structure. A discrepancy can also appear due to the curvature of the part, this problem occurs with internal stress. You can eliminate shortcomings by making a machine for making parts of a certain type.

Features of creating a copier

If you decide to make a copy-milling machine with your own hands, then it should be optimized for processing specific parts. An important factor to consider when self-manufacturing machine, is total weight. This should also include the dimensions of the structure.

It should be more massive if you plan to process large items. This allows the equipment to reduce the vibrations that occur during the operation of the cutter. With a significant margin of power, guide axles should be made, only then they will not sag under increased loads.

When a do-it-yourself copy-milling machine is made, it is important to deal with it design features. The system will have a working head and a supporting frame. The working surface can be adjusted in height, while the milling head must be supplemented with a two-stage transmission mechanism that provides two shaft speeds.

Making a pantograph

Copy-milling machines for wood have a pantograph as the main unit, which can be made from wood. However, one should be prepared for the fact that high accuracy can be achieved in this case will not succeed, because the connection of wooden blanks is carried out using loops.

If you use loops to fix them, then a backlash will form between them. Metal is also sometimes used to make a drawing pantograph, with its help it will be possible to create copies at different scales, but it can only be used to create three-dimensional copies.

Work methodology

It is possible to connect the working body with each other by pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical elements, which are required to form the force from the copier to the working body. A flat contour or spatial model can act as a template. You can use contour drawings, a reference part, but a copy roller or finger, photocells or a probe will become an element for reading sizes and shapes.

You can use wood, plastic or metal for the template. It is necessary to place this node on the rotating desktop of the equipment. When are milling- copy machines with CNC, they must have a working body that starts to move thanks to a solenoid, spool valve or Relays are located in the amplifying devices, they can be hydraulic, electromagnetic or electro-optical.

Features of the manufacture of copy-milling turning equipment

The copier will work, providing quality that depends on the speed of movement of the tracking device. The executive chain will have a main element in the form of a hydraulic cylinder or an electric motor. The guide pin will make up the pantograph design. It is necessary to place the guide pin and the spindle on the same rail.

The rail must have shoulders, the ratio of which will determine the scale of copying. The copier will have a finger that will move along the contour of the templates. He will be responsible for the movement of the rail, which rotates freely on the axis. On the other side of the rail, the spindle will make identical movements when processing parts. On such machines, the described device will not be superfluous, and its presence will increase functionality.

Conclusion

Copy-milling machines have gained great popularity among consumers today for the reason that in everyday life and in production it often becomes necessary to create copies or repeat products. To do this, today devices are used that provide high performance and accuracy, which cannot be achieved manually.

Making a simple do-it-yourself copy machine at first glance seems like an easy task. There are many photos on the web finished structures, which impress with their originality and ease of manufacture. Many are eager to do something similar. But when the homemade copy machine is assembled, it turns out that not everything is so smooth.

Copy machines come with milling and turning. In terms of prevalence, the first place is occupied by milling and copying machines. They are more functional and allow you to get not only round copies, but also copies of an arbitrary shape. They will be discussed in this article.

The biggest trouble with a home-assembled milling and copying machine is backlash and vibration. Many home craftsmen complain that when copying a sample, the resulting product has many inconsistencies and flaws that appeared when the direction of the forming cutter changed and the support structure trembled. In addition, distortion and deflection of the workpiece associated with an increase in internal stress due to wood sampling are added. Therefore, when making a copy machine, it is impossible to immediately avoid all the shortcomings. As a rule, after assembly, it is necessary to bring the structure to acceptable parameters for some more time.

In any case, it is better to make a home-made copy machine not universal, but narrow-profile, that is, optimized for the manufacture of specific products that you need. For example, to efficiently produce wooden part guns, a propeller screw and voluminous text, we need different technical solutions, and if they are combined in one machine, then there may be side effects which will be difficult to correct. Therefore, it is more practical to assemble machines for some a specific task. This approach will avoid many difficulties and unnecessary costs.

Another important factor is the size of the machine. The larger the workpiece you plan to process, the more massive the design should be. Vibrations transmitted from the cutter drive must be absorbed by the mass of the supporting structure of the machine. And the guide axles must not only withstand the load, but also have a margin of safety so that they do not bend. At independent design milling and copying machine optimal parameters for a smooth run, the cutters are selected empirically.

The principle of operation of the milling and copying machine is as follows: a milling cutter for sampling wood and a probe are installed on the movable frame, which is driven along the original. The frame is lowered to a wooden blank, and excess wood is removed with a milling cutter. The whole point of design is to ensure the simultaneous movement of the cutter and probe in three planes, as well as rotation around the transverse axis. To do this, use metal guides or wooden hinge systems. Wood absorbs vibrations better, is easier to process and has a lower cost. The video at the bottom of the page shows a homemade copy machine for creating flat-relief images and three-dimensional inscriptions with in a non-standard way movement in space. Moreover, in this design, a twofold reduction in scale is provided. You can download the drawings of the milling and copying machine in one archive at the bottom of the page.

Now it will not be difficult to make a copy, for example, of a three-dimensional inscription. You can also make a template for creating 3D text yourself. To do this, you will need a printed sketch, a couple of cardboard sheets, glue and a stationery knife. We glue the sketch sheet and cardboard together so that the paper does not wrinkle. After drying, with the tip of a clerical knife, carefully cut out the letters exactly according to the sketch. A template height of 2 mm is usually sufficient to keep the stylus from slipping.

Copy equipment always comes to the rescue if you need to produce a specific part according to a template within small batches. Copy-milling machines are used both at enterprises manufacturing products in large scale, and in small workshops, and in household there is always a job for a wood copying machine. Industrial models of copiers can produce parts in almost unlimited quantities, but we will focus on models that you can assemble with your own hands and budget machines for small-scale furniture production.

Design of copy-milling machines

A copy-milling machine is a universal device that is designed to make copies of a wide variety of parts. The machine can work in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formats. In the first case, copying is made from a template, in the second - from a finished product. The more accurately the machine is made, the more accurate the copy will be, and the accuracy of the machine, as in all means of processing materials, and the rigidity of the power and working structures.

In addition, the copy-milling machine can perform pattern engraving, manufacturing decorative elements, and sometimes the device can replace the milling machine.

The simplicity of the device, and at the same time the efficiency of copying, made copy-milling machines indispensable in the manufacture of curved and complex parts. Another good property of the machines is independence from the level of professionalism of the operator. The versatility of the machine can be achieved with the help of interchangeable elements, nozzles and copying heads.

Milling - copy machine, characteristics

The main problem of a milling and copying machine can be inaccuracy, which is associated with vibrations and backlash. A do-it-yourself wood-cutting machine assembled at home is most often prone to such shortcomings. The slightest backlash can affect the quality of the copy, and in order to avoid it, it is necessary to use rigid structures, strong beds, no matter what grade and what thickness the wooden blank is.

That is why such machines, assembled at home, cannot always boast of versatility. With a clearly defined front of work, it is much easier to achieve rigidity and accuracy from the design. The bed of the copy-milling machine should be as heavy as possible in order to dampen the slightest vibrations that can affect the accuracy of the work.

Therefore, the following characteristics must be mandatory for such equipment:

Only such a machine will work fully and accurately.

CNC copy-milling machine

A CNC machine is a type of copier. Like manual copy-milling machines, they can copy a given part very accurately, and the use of software methods provides many advantages over manual models:

CNC machines are quite complex and functionally rich devices that are fully controlled by automation. In addition, it is possible to integrate the control system of the CNC machine into computer system control, which will further increase the functionality and speed of the equipment.

Copy milling machine, price

Copy-milling machines for wood can have a fairly wide price range, which depends on the level of equipment and the purpose of the machine. The device can be equipped with a variety of systems, both manual control and servo electric system.

In many models of such machines, high-precision sensors are used, which can be electrocontact and inductive. Naturally, the equipment affects the prices of machines. If we take the desktop models that interest us, then the most inexpensive and most popular on the market are YILMAZ, Star, Duplicarver. In the manual version, these models cost about 50 thousand rubles.

Therefore, having well thought out your requirements for the machine, it is quite possible to make such a machine with your own hands according to the drawings or your own design. Several designs that are shown in the photo may lead to the right decision and another useful and uncomplicated machine will appear in your arsenal.

If you need to make a copy of an object made of wood or metal, copying equipment comes to the rescue; for this, it is used in many enterprises. In particular, copy-milling installations are designed to create objects that replicate the original sample as much as possible.

Modern types of machines make it possible to perform work accurately and quickly in large quantities. These setups are great to create copy jobs on the plane and in volume using appropriate copiers and volumetric models. What is a wood milling and copying machine, how it works and what is its approximate price, we will learn from the article.

Milling and copying equipment

Machine tools of this type are one of the methods of machining in order to create objects of the desired geometric shape. The workpiece surface is processed in several stages - roughing, semi-finishing and finishing.

The scope of milling machines is very wide - these are shaped parts made of wood, planar milling, profile processing, volumetric milling of reliefs of objects and parts. Before going into mass production, milling machines must pass special certification to comply with all safety standards and regulations required in the course of work.

Thanks to the technique of template copying technology, the same shape of all parts is obtained and the error of the worker servicing the machine is reduced to zero, since the person does not influence the working process of the unit.

To complete a series of exactly the same finished products special templates required or a product that was made according to it. Experts recommend equipping the unit with an additional pantograph. This is a mechanism that transmits movements as accurately as possible. cutting tool along the mounting profile of the head.

Processing the workpiece on the copier by means of a copy mechanism gives a command to all the actuators of the unit. The milling cutter of the installation and the part that is being milled recreate the surface specified on the copier in relative motion.

The main movements include - the desktop of the milling machine, movement along the contour of the sled, rotation of the spindle. The secondary ones are:

• Moving the tracer table, the installation nature of the copy finger and stops.
• Acceleration of the movement of the spindle of the sled and the working surface of the table.
• Spindle head clamp.

Copy milling can be of two types:

• contour.
• Volumetric.

Contour milling is different in that when processing wood copier curve located in a parallel or perpendicular axis working tool. In one case, the working surface with the workpiece and the copier moves only in the parallel or transverse direction of the copier, its curved line. Also, they can only move longitudinally, in which case the entire curve process is controlled by moving the copy finger and cutter in a vertical plane.

When the volumetric copying process is in progress, the workpiece has a spatially complex surface. It is machined with two or more parallel strokes of the worktable, contour milling is performed on each stroke. The working tool of the machine which is carrying out all process, after each working pass forced to move relative to the part to the cross feed indicator perpendicular to the line, then the table travel is performed again.

Purpose of milling and copying units and their advantages

This equipment has long been indispensable for small furniture workshops. They help to mill straight lines and curved surfaces, drill holes, make nests of the most different configurations on wood.

They are used for carving different breeds wood, for copying sculptures and flat-relief surfaces. Machine tools help to significantly improve the quality of processed products. The main advantages of copy-milling machines for wood can be called:

• Compactness.
• High strength.
• Long service life.
• High precision and reliability of machines.

The price of milling and copying machines for wood

Equipment designed for surface treatment soft and hard woods, so they are perfect for carpentry and model workshops.

Milling and copying units made in Italy G 60 - G 80 - G90 GRIGGIO are very popular in carpentry and furniture production. They are designed for milling curved and straight contours, sockets, contours and grooves, drilling and countersinking holes in carpentry and furniture blanks. Great for processing furniture facades and door panels. The size of the working table is 750x600 mm, the vertical stroke of the working table is 150 mm, the movement of the spindle in the vertical plane is 80 mm, the spindle rotates at a frequency of 9,000-18,000 rpm. The approximate price is 339,000 rubles.

Milling and copying machine VFK-810 (table rotation angle up to 45 o) - designed for milling curved and straight contours, nests, grooves, countersinking and drilling holes in furniture and carpentry blanks. An important advantage is the high speed up to 20,000 rpm, the ideal quality that the spindle gives. Table lift - 200 mm, its size, length - 1000 and width - 800 mm. The approximate price is 274,000 rubles.

Milling and copying unit WINNER LH-1000 made in Taiwan - perfect option for the manufacture of panel doors and other types of carpentry. Such operations are the most complex, time-consuming, so even experienced master with high qualifications are not able to cope with such a task for a short time. Produces a panel element in one pass, a multi-level spindle changes profile quickly without rearranging the tool. Equipped with a special table with a flat coordinate system, which ensures high accuracy of all milling operations performed, as well as safety. The spindle rotates at a frequency of 9,000 rpm, the price of the machine is 1,246,463 rubles.

Copy-milling machine made in China MX 5068. Its distinctive features is a high speed up to 18,000 rpm, the spindle gives the ideal quality, the products do not need further processing. Vertical movement of the spindle from a pneumatic drive, table rotation by 45 °, increased dimensions of the working table - 805-600 mm, the greatest thickness of the workpiece - 150 mm, machine weight - 440 kg, product price - 193,240 rubles.

Equipment such as modern copy-milling machine is characterized by high precision and reliability in execution various kinds works. In order to start working on it, 2-3 days of training is enough, after which you can create real masterpieces on wood.