The largest type of cactus. Giant saguaro cacti in the sonoran desert

It is unlikely that it will be possible to describe the types of cacti that exist in the world in one article. Therefore, it was decided to present only the most popular types of domestic cacti that grow in literally all regions of our country. Well, the fans, of course. All the proposed types and names of domestic cacti can be easily found in specialized reference books, but information grouped on one page will be easier to use. The most common types of indoor cacti are combined into different genera, or groups that have similar species characteristics. They require the same for themselves, which simplifies the process. See the types of cacti you are interested in and their names, study the assortment of the group and choose the plants that are suitable for you. If there are some types of indoor cacti, the names and descriptions of which cannot be found in this article, then write to us and we will prepare an addition. But we are sure that the vast majority of types of succulents that are grown at home are collected here. Look at the types of cacti in the photo and start an exciting journey into the exciting world of these unusual plants:

What are the types of cacti: names with descriptions and photos

It is important to understand what types of cacti are in order to be able to make a full choice. Further, from the huge variety of species and varieties, readers will be presented with some particularly attractive types of cacti with names, descriptions and photos that will help you get to know this culture better:

Cactus hobbyists have different points of view as to which cacti are the most beautiful. Here will be mentioned mainly well-established cacti in culture, which can be offered for small amateur collections grown on windowsills or in greenhouses in the garden, and which are commercially available in horticultural farms and flower shops. Look at some types of indoor cacti in the photo, which shows some pretty amazing specimens:

Knowing cacti well is not an easy thing, because of the more than 2000 species that exist most of currently cultivated by hobbyists. Without flowers, even a specialist cannot correctly identify many cacti. However, for some genera there are good distinguishing characters, which will be specially mentioned when describing cacti. When describing cactus species, distinctive features will also be given, if possible, but if there are a large number of species, they are far from always enough to correctly identify the plant. It is impossible to determine the type of cactus by the number of spines. (Just the number of spines often varies significantly.) Unfortunately, cacti sold in stores are often incorrectly called or offered under different names, however, this circumstance should in no case be a reason for refusing to grow such plants. “Unknown” cacti can also bring a lot of joy. Be sure to look at the photo for the description of cactus species, where you can see all the botanical characteristics:

Aporocactus - forest species of cacti

A characteristic feature of forest cactus species are thin, long, drooping shoots with 7-12 ribs. Large, red, blooming flowers during the day distinguish them from all other cacti with creeping shoots. The few types of cacti with leaves are very difficult to distinguish from each other.

Aporocactus flagelliformis.

Whip aporocactus, snake cactus, rat tail cactus. Slightly two-sided symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers are similar to the flowers of "Christmas" cacti (Schlumbergera). This type of aporocactus has been known in Germany as a cultivated plant for over 300 years. As its many vernacular names indicate, this plant has been of interest to plant lovers for a very long time. Among the hardy plants grown on balconies and in window flower boxes, one can often find old and profusely flowering specimens of aporocactus. In the tropics, this plant is also very widespread by humans, so it is now difficult to establish its original homeland, which is presumably located in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. There, aporocactus grows hanging from trees or - in areas with higher air humidity - from rocks.

In culture, it is necessary to take into account the semi-epiphytic lifestyle of this cactus. Therefore, a well-permeable substrate is chosen for plants, consisting of cactus soil mixed with perlite, sand, and possibly with the addition of a small amount of sphagnum.

Aporocactus flagelliformis overwinters at a temperature of 6-8°C; however, plants tolerate lower temperatures for a short time. Wintering in a bright place stimulates the laying of flower buds in this spring-blooming cactus. Thanks to its drooping shoots, Aporocactus flagelliformis can be successfully grown as an ampelous plant. In the warm season, the cactus is kept in a bright, but shaded place from direct sunlight. Aporocactus can be taken outside in the summer and hung in the light shade of trees, so that the scorching sun's rays do not fall on the plant during the hot midday hours. Aporocactus is considered to be particularly susceptible to damage by spider mites, so it is very important to harden it in the fresh air when cultivating.

Aporocactus hybr.

Cacti often succeed in crossing species that have completely different forms growth. good example of this are beautiful hybrid aporocactus. Already in 1830, the English horticulturist Mallison crossed A. flagelliformis with a vertically growing heliocereus (Heliocereus). The result was an intergeneric hybrid with bright red flowers 10-15 cm in diameter, known as Aporocactus mallisoni.

In the fifties, the German breeder from Nuremberg, Greser, managed to obtain an intergeneric hybrid between A. flagelliformis and Trichocereus candicans that attracted everyone's attention.

Recently, work on the hybridization of aporocactus has been carried out primarily in the UK, where they are crossed with hybrid phyllocactus (Epiphyllum hybr.). The result is both smaller and larger plants with drooping or arching shoots and very beautiful flowers varied - until now there is no only pure yellow - color. Look at these types of home cacti in the photo - the names and descriptions will help to distinguish plant varieties:

Types of flowering cacti with names and photos

Astrophytums are types of flowering cacti with amazingly beautiful buds. Various types of astrophytums stand out among other cacti with a few ribs and white felt specks on the surface of the stems, bringing a touch of a kind of exotic to the collection of cacti. They come from hot and dry regions of Mexico and Texas. Perfect for growing in very sunny and warm southern windows. A well-permeable mineral substrate, moderate moisture and dry wintering at a temperature of about 8 ° C are recommended. Large seeds germinate easily and quickly. Look at the flowering types of cacti in the photo with the names, where you can see the most beautiful specimens of this genus:

Astrophytum capricornus ( Astrophytum capricorne).

The species is characterized by matted, long, brown spines and large yellow flowers with a red throat. Tolerates lower winter temperatures than other astrophytums.

Astrophytum speckled, "bishop's miter" ( Astrophytum myriostigma).

"Bishop's Miter" is one of the few cacti completely devoid of thorns. There are forms with and without white felt flecks, as well as with a different number of ribs; interesting looking square plants with four ribs. Relatively small plants can bloom.

Astrophytum decorated ( Astrophytum ornatum).

Compared to Astrophytum capricorne, in this species, the felt specks are most often arranged in the form of stripes, and the spines are straight. In its homeland, Astrophytum ornatum reaches a height of 1 m. Plants bloom only in adulthood. Felt specks arranged in stripes and yellow-brown spines give this cactus a special decorative effect.

Astrophytum hybr.

Back in the 19th century, Abbe Beguin received the first Astrophytum hybrid. Crossing various types of astrophytums made it possible to obtain many more or less speckled and prickly plants with varying degrees of ribs.

Browningia ( Browningia hertlingiana).

Due to the beautiful blue waxy coating on the stems, young specimens of this large South American columnar cactus can be found in hobbyist collections. A blue wax coating is formed on the stems only when the content is warm and light, and only in cacti with a height of at least 10-15 cm. It is necessary to moderately water the plants and spray them with water. Look at these types of home cacti in the photo, from which majestic and amazing succulents look at us:

Cephalocereus - types of fluffy cacti

The only species of fluffy cacti is the senile cephalocereus (Cephalocereus senilis) from Mexico, characterized by long, hanging, silvery-white hairs that completely cover the stem of the plant.

Cephalocereus senile, "old man's head" ( Cephalocereus senilis).

Due to its typical white hairy pubescence, young specimens of this large columnar cactus are often kept by hobbyists in their collections. Cephalocereus must be kept in a bright and warm place in a well-permeable substrate and watered very sparingly.

Cereus Peruvian ( Cereus peruvianus).

Sometimes in large greenhouses, and in the Mediterranean in botanical gardens or gardens at hotels, you can see tall, up to 4 m tall, columns of cereus, which bloom profusely there with large, yellowish-white, hairless flowers. If we do not take into account seedlings grown from mixtures of seeds, then we cultivate a predominantly ugly form of the Peruvian cereus. At the beginning of the century, the Peruvian cereus was present in almost every collection of cacti, but today this cactus is not often available for sale, although it grows well when the conditions are right for it. It is necessary to ensure that pests such as mealybugs do not settle in the folds and branches of the stem. Look at these types of cacti in the photo with the names, which show specimens grown at home:

Cleistocactus - rare species of large cacti

These columnar species of large cacti are distinguished by attractive spines. In some species, upon reaching a height of 20-40 cm, the plants begin to bloom profusely with flowers of interesting shape. Elongated, tubular, densely covered with scales on top, sometimes giving the impression of broken flowers, are adapted for pollination by hummingbirds. Plants must be kept in a bright place, however, shaded from direct sunlight in the midday hours. During the growth period, cleistocactus require abundant watering and regular fertilizing.

Cleistocactus Ritter ( Cleistocactus ritterii).

Thanks to its white spines and yellow-green flowers appearing abundantly in plants from 40 cm high between long, white hairs, a rare species of cactus is of interest and is cultivated with pleasure by amateurs.

Cleistocactus emerald ( Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus).

This species has red flowers with a green border. The plant begins to bloom when it reaches a height of about 25 cm. In winter, the cactus must be kept in conditions that are neither too cool nor too dry.

Cleistocactus Strauss ( Cleistocactus strausii).

These cacti, densely covered with white spines and hairs, are well known to hobbyists.

Coryphanthus - types of small cacti and succulents with pictures

These types of cacti and succulents in a non-flowering state are very difficult to distinguish from mammillaria. Only in flowering plants do typical papillae wrinkled above appear, from the axils of which flowers develop. This genus combines species of small cacti with powerful hard spines and large flowers. The main habitats of these cacti in natural conditions are Mexico and the southern states of the United States. Korifashy require sunny warm conditions in greenhouse conditions and do not grow well on the windowsill, but they develop well on a sunny flower window or in an appropriate greenhouse. Plants prefer somewhat larger than usual pots and a clay-containing soil substrate.

Coryphanthus start growing a little later than other cacti in spring, so watering should also start later. Flowers bloom in summer or early autumn. Plants are not watered in winter.

Some species form small daughter shoots ("babies"), the roots of which often develop on the mother plant. They can be easily separated and cultivated as individual plants. However, the ability to bloom appears only when plants reach a certain size. In this case, more woolly hairs or spines sometimes form at the apex, and typical wrinkles appear on the areola. Look at these types of cacti in the pictures, which show different flowering specimens:

Echinocereus

Cacti from the genus Echinocereus (Echinocereus) are especially popular among hobbyists due to their often beautiful, decorative spines. In addition, the large, prickly, most often green-stigmated flowers do not fade for many days. The cultivation conditions of Echinocereus vary in accordance with the area of ​​​​their distribution in natural conditions. All Echinocereus love warm and sunny conditions in winter. Some species grow very large, others grow well only in greenhouses.

However, there are also species that can be successfully grown in sunny windows or in a greenhouse. Some species in the warm season are taken out into the street, placed in a sunny place.

The substrate for Echinocereus should be predominantly mineral and contain a lot of weathered clay and coarse sand. In spring, adult flowering plants should be watered only after the flower buds become clearly visible, otherwise they will stop their development. During the growing season in early summer, cacti are watered abundantly, the rest of the time, watering is rather moderate. In winter, plants should be kept dry and, if possible, in a bright place. When kept completely dry, some species, such as E. pectinatus, E. reichenbachii, E. triglochidiatus or E. viridiflorus, tolerate short light night frosts.

Echinocereus Knippel ( Echinocereus knippelianus).

This small Echinocereus, which has very flat ribs and often no spines at all, has a thick, turnip-like root and, when cultivated on its roots, requires special care when watering. Plants are often sold grafted onto other cacti; in this case they grow faster and bloom profusely in early spring beautiful pink flowers. This practically thornless cactus must be very carefully accustomed to the sun in the spring, after which it also tolerates a sunny location.

Echinocereus comb ( Echinocereus pectinatus).

This species - at the same time being a representative of a whole group of closely related cacti - is popular with hobbyists for its comb-like spines, the color of which can sometimes vary in growth zones, and for its most often carmine-red flowers with a light or white-green center. These plants have a rather delicate root system, prefer a mineral substrate and love a lot of sun. They grow well mainly in greenhouses or a suitable greenhouse, however, plants grafted onto low rootstocks can also be grown on a southern windowsill or in a closed flower window facing south.

Echinofossulocactus

cacti of this genus characteristic feature which are thin wavy ribs, easy to cultivate and very popular with cactus lovers. In their homeland in Mexico, Echinofossu locactus grow in dry steppes. Accordingly, in culture, they prefer a substrate containing more humus and a light, but shaded location from direct sunlight. Since the flowers appear in early spring, winter keeping in a bright place is recommended.

Echinofossulocactus curly ( Echinofossulocactus crispatus).

In Echinofossulocactus, it is very difficult to establish a boundary between individual species. Currently, a number of beautiful forms are grouped under the name Echinofossulocactus crispatus. It is very interesting to watch how white flowers with a wide light or dark purple stripe in the center of the petals make their way at the crown through a labyrinth of dense, long and sometimes widely flattened central spines.

Echinopsis

Like the related genera Trichocereus and Lobivia, Echinopsis flowers are distinguished by a clearly defined wreath of stamens emerging from the throat. Trichocereus grow columnar, in lobies the floral tube is usually shorter. Cacti of this genus have been known for a very long time, typical echinopsis with long white or pink funnel-shaped flowers are popular not only among cacti growers, but also among flower lovers in general. The name used - peasant cactus - came from the fact that in the window flower boxes of peasant houses one can see old and abundantly flowering specimens of this plant.

Echinopsis obrepanda.

Today, under this name, many slightly different forms are combined. The plants originate from the highlands and are very hardy, but are quite susceptible to sunburn in early spring. The spines are stiff and bent towards the stem. Due to the turnip roots, it is recommended to use a substrate that is not very flat and well permeable. The flowers of the original species are white, but there are forms with flowers from pink and pale purple to dark red. Compared to the stem, the flowers are long and large and look beautifully shaped with their recurved narrow outer petals.

Espostoa

This impressive columnar cactus, which reaches its homeland, prefers even conditions and not very cool conditions in winter. In full splendor appears only when cultivated in a greenhouse. However, due to their beautiful white woolly hairs, the young plants of Espostoa are also grown by hobbyists in bright windows. Plants should not be sprayed with water, as otherwise an ugly limescale deposit may appear on the white hairs.

Eulychnia

This columnar cactus is also more suitable for cultivation in greenhouses, but young plants of Eulychnia with their decorative spines and sometimes white felt or shaggy hairy pubescence of areoles are also grown in small collections.

ferocactus

These cacti in their homeland often grow into huge balls. However, young plants attract hobbyists with their powerful, often beautifully colored, flattened or hooked central spines, which appear especially large in young plants. Recently, show specimens grown in floricultural farms in Tenerife with a diameter of 30 cm with well developed spines, especially species such as Ferocactus latispinus and F. wislizenii, have begun to arrive in Germany. which are great for keeping in closed, south-facing) flower windows. Ferocactus love a lot of heat and sun. As mentioned above when describing Echinocactus Gruzon (Echinocactus grusonii), the temperature in winter should not fall below 12 ° C, in addition, plants like to have “warm feet”.

Gymnocalycium

The vast majority of hymnocalyciums are easily recognizable by their tuberculate ribs, which have horizontal folds between the areoles. Flowers are also very typical, bearing large round and bare scales on the outside.

According to the extended area of ​​​​distribution in natural conditions, hymnocalyciums have different requirements in culture. However, most of them need a humus-containing, yet well-permeable soil mixture, which should be slightly acidic; hymnocalyciums are sensitive to having alkaline reaction substrate.

Therefore, it is necessary to water these cacti with soft or slightly acidified water. Gymnocalyciums, which most often have few spines and therefore appear green, prefer a light, but not sunny location. Of the many cultivated species, amateurs with handicapped to accommodate a collection of cacti, the remaining small hymnocalyciums are preferred. The following species are suitable for growing in a window room.

Gymnocalycium Mikhanovich variety of Friedrich ( Gymnocalycium michanovichii var. Friedrichii Rubra).

With mass sowing of G. michanovichii var. friedrichii, some seedlings accidentally mutated. Chlorophyll was completely absent in their tissues, so that only a pure red color remained from the red-green color of the stem. Japanese flower growers took advantage of the opportunity presented to them and successfully grafted these seedlings onto the rootstock, since without their own chlorophyll they would not be viable. As a result of subsequent selection work, forms with bright red, yellow and crimson stem color were obtained from them. All these forms do not have chlorophyll, so they can only be cultivated in a grafted state. Sometimes these plants even bloom. Since there is often a contradiction between the inherently slow growth of G. michanovichii and the fast growth of the rootstock, these plants are not particularly long-lived. Even maintenance with regular watering and a bright place, however, shaded from direct sunlight, is recommended.

Haageocereus

This columnar, as a rule, only in greenhouses. However, due to their attractive, sometimes fiery red, yellow or dark brown spines, young plants are also popular in small collections with hobbyists. Haageocereus prefer a well-permeable substrate and a warm, sunny location. After a short summer rest period, the plants resume growth in the fall, and therefore, unlike most other cacti, they need regular watering at this time. These cacti should winter at a temperature of 10-15 ° C.

Hildevinter

Hildewinter flowers with an inner circle of short light petals can hardly be confused with flowers of other cacti. Cactus growers blame this species for its golden-yellow spines densely covering the stems and plentiful. Thanks to its drooping shoots, this one is used as an ampelous plant.

Types of mamillaria cacti (with photo)

Mamillaria cacti are especially popular with cactus growers. Some hobbyists concentrate entirely on growing Mammillaria cactus species and have noteworthy collections of these plants. Mammillaria lovers in some countries have created special societies that publish their own newspapers. Mammillaria stand out from other cacti due to their mathematically precise arrangement of spines, which sometimes contrast effectively with the white hairy or woolly pubescence in the flowering zone of the plant.

The red flowers are most often small, however, they appear as a whole wreath around the crown of the cactus. After flowering, fruits arranged in the form of a wreath can also be a spectacular decoration. hallmarks of this highly species-rich genus are the non-rugose papillae that form the stalk and the flowers that emerge from the depressions between the papillae (the axils). Many species of this genus are beautiful, cultivated and unpretentious. Almost all, especially the cushion-forming species, prefer wider and lower pots, and all like a well-permeable soil substrate with the addition of a large amount of coarse sand. Those species that have such dense spines or such strong hairy or woolly hair that they appear white or yellow prefer a particularly light, sunny and warm location and need more moderate watering.

Species that give the impression of green plants require, although light, but shaded from direct sunlight at noon, they tolerate a substrate containing much more humus and more plentiful.

Many mammillaria are great for window sill cultivation. Thanks to the warmth behind the window glass, heated by the rays of the spring sun, they often bloom there already in March and therefore also require appropriate watering. Mammillaria growing in height with short-cylindrical stems tend to tilt the top towards the light, that is, towards window glass. Therefore, the hobbyist has to observe a less decorative backside, but in any case one should not try to correct this by constantly turning the plant pots. Despite their relatively small seed size, Mammillaria are easy to grow. seed way. Seedlings bloom, as a rule, in the third or fourth year after sowing.

Mammillaria bokasskaya ( Marnmillaria bocasana).

Due to its dense white felt-hairy pubescence, an interesting looking appearance; each areole has a single central spine, with a hook at the top. The long red fruits are more beautiful than the small nondescript cream flowers. The plant is quite sensitive to excess water; a well-permeable substrate and moderate watering are recommended.

Marnmillaria elongata.

The splendor of this plant is due not to the rather nondescript yellowish-white flowers, but to the spines painted in various tones from light to dark yellow, reddish or brown. Thanks to abundant branching, it forms large decorative groups of elongated shoots as thick as a finger. Recommended sunny location, well-permeable substrate and moderate watering.

Mammillaria long papillary ( Marnmillaria longimamma).

A distinctive feature of this species are unusually long papillae and bright yellow, relatively large flowers. Cleanly cut and sufficiently dried papillae can take root and thus form new plants.

Mammillaria large papillary ( Marnmillaria magnimamma).

At present, under this name, a whole group of slightly different forms is combined, the most famous of which is still often called M. centricirha. In any case, all forms contain milky juice. In this case, we are talking about typical representatives of the so-called "green mammillaria", which form large and often very beautiful curtains with age with a spectacular contrast between green stems, white felt hairs in the axils of the papillae and red flowers. Plants must be kept in a bright place, otherwise the spines do not develop well.

Marnmillaria zeilmanniana.

This species also has hooked spines, however, unlike M. bocasana, the sinuses between the papillae are bare. Already young small plants bloom profusely with purple-red, rarely white flowers. Flowering specimens in huge quantities go on sale every year on the eve of Mother's Day. The plant gives offspring and over the years forms large curtains. Prefers flat, wide pots and well-permeable, sandy substrate. Look at the types of mamillaria cacti in the photo and the descriptions above will acquire a characteristic visual shape:

Neoporteria

Most cacti of the genus Neoporteria, which have long turnip-like roots, dark almost black stems or thick spines, are adapted to the extreme conditions of existence in their homeland on the sea coasts and in the mountainous regions of Chile and are complex in culture. However, there are species that, with a certain flair, can be grown in small amateur collections.

Neoporteria gerocephala.

Dense, intertwined spines vary in color from creamy white to dark brown. In carmine-red, yellow inside flowers, even after full blooming, the inner petals remain folded together. Flowers appear in late autumn or early spring. A well-permeable, predominantly mineral substrate and moderate watering are recommended.

Neoporteria paucicostata.

This species is also highly variable. Particularly prized are plants with blue-green stems and black spines on the top of the head at the point of new growth. Pale reddish-white flowers open fully.

notocactus

These are small, globular cacti, most easily recognizable by their conspicuous purple stigmas. Among the notocacti, there are many species that are suitable for growing by beginners and for small collections. All of them need a substrate with the addition of a certain amount of humus and light warmth location. However, species with few spines should not be kept in full sun. In general, notocacti prefer even growing conditions and require not very cool and not meanly dry conditions in winter.

Notocactus Haselberga ( Notocactus haselbergii).

The crown of this species is unusually obliquely flattened. The stigmas, unlike other notocacti, are dark yellow. Already at the very beginning of spring, red buds appear on the oblique crown tilted towards the light.

Notocactus Lehninghaus ( Notocactus leninghausii).

This species has short-cylindrical stems and differs from the usual portrait of globular notocatus. Thanks to its dense golden yellow spines and yellow flowers that appear on plants from 20 cm high, the cactus looks highly decorative. The top grows obliquely in the direction of the light. Do not change the position of the plant relative to the light.

Notocactus Otto ( Notocactus ottonis).

This species was formerly a standard plant for cactus enthusiasts and is often found commercially today. it green plant with a small number of spines and a woolly crown, it must be kept in a bright, but not sunny place. Silky-yellow flowers have red stigmas characteristic of notocactus proper.

Notocactus submammulosus var. pampeanus.

Interesting in this variety are light, awl-shaped flattened central spines and yellow flowers with a typical red stigma.

Types of flat prickly pear cacti (with photo)

Prickly pear, with its often disc-shaped flattened, jointed shoots, is a well-known cactus. Many saw species of prickly pear cactus growing wild there in the Mediterranean, and some, probably, even brought their shoots from there. These types of flat cacti prefer a well-permeable substrate and a very sunny, without any shade, place. Otherwise, they grow thin, elongated shoots.

Only very few species are suitable for cultivation in a sunny window, to which shoots brought from the Mediterranean are usually not included. Prickly pear also bloom only under optimal conditions and almost all tend to grow into very large plants.

However, at the disposal of lovers with the appropriate conditions there are very beautiful, with a blue wax coating and decorative thorns on the stems, abundantly flowering plants. To this it should be added that although many of them have beautiful spines, however, if they are carelessly touched, hundreds of very small and thin hairs (glochidia) dig into the skin with their hook-shaped outgrowths. Prickly pear should never be taken with bare hands!

Prickly pear ( Opuntia microdasys).

This species is still fairly common on the market. The very short, hairy spines make the segmented stems appear to be covered in small pads. There are forms with white, yellow, reddish and brown spines. Species of the subgenus Tephrocactus originating from the Andean highlands can be cultivated in greenhouses (Group 4). Some hardy prickly pear in viticultural areas with good drainage can also be grown in open rock gardens. Look at the types of prickly pear cactus in the photo, which, combined with the descriptions, will make it possible to create a completely correct picture:

Oreocereus - types of cacti without thorns: names and photos

Thick hairs covering the plant protect it from night frosts at home. These types of thornless cacti are widespread in cultural floriculture. The flowers of this columnar cactus appear only when grown in a greenhouse. However, young specimens of this cactus, covered with white hairy pubescence and sometimes powerful spines, are also grown with pleasure by amateurs in small collections. True, being cacti originating from high mountain regions, they grow worse in living rooms with their even climatic conditions than in suitable greenhouses. For oreocereus, regular airing and a large difference between winter and summer, as well as day and night, are desirable. In summer, the night coolness after a hot day, which brings with it a higher relative humidity of the air - that's optimal conditions for these cacti. Look at these types of thornless cacti in the photo, where prominent distinctive botanical characteristics are:

Oreocereus Troll ( Oreocereus trollii).

This cactus is densely shrouded in white hairs. The central flowers, breaking through the hairy cover, are yellow to reddish in color.

Types of cactus parody

In appearance, parody cacti are very similar to notocacti, but do not have a red stigma and, on the contrary, are very often covered with hooked spines. Among the parodies, there are many unpretentious in culture, with beautiful spines, abundantly flowering species that are also suitable for keeping in small collections. The seeds of many types of parodies are very small, so sowing requires great skill. When the seedlings reach a certain size, their cultivation is most often not a problem.

Parodia mutabilis.

The hallmarks of these commonly found plants are powerful yellow spines with a hook at the end and yellow flowers.

Schwebs parody ( Parodia schwebsiana).

Like many parodies, the plant, which takes on a short-columnar shape with age, is distinguished by its white-pubescent top, which is decorated with more and more groups of red flowers for several weeks.

phyllocactus

Phyllocactus stems are dihedral in cross-section, leaf-like flattened and almost always devoid of thorns. While most cultivated cacti are wild-growing species, phyllocactus are hybrid forms, of which many thousands have been obtained from the beginning of the last century to the present. The original genera are Heliocereus and Nopalxonia, which grow vertically and bloom with red flowers. Later, the white-flowered epiphytic Epiphyllum crenatum was added to them, and, finally, to get even larger flowers, the “queen of the night” (Selenicereus).

These hybrid cacti, which vary greatly in growth form, color and size of flowers, are among the most popular. indoor plants. Sometimes in front of peasant estates you can find old specimens kept in harsh conditions, which are distinguished by unusually lush flowering.

The flowers can reach a diameter of 20 cm and with their bright colors (from white, yellow, salmon to red and red-violet flowers), they are among the most beautiful in the entire cactus family. When obtaining separate forms for crossing, different parents were used, so the requirements in the culture also vary. There are very large sizes and smaller, with vertical and curved shoots, sensitive and less sensitive varieties. Many modern, highly valued cultivars come from the USA, where, under optimal climatic conditions, they were selected for only one criterion: the beauty of their flowers. In other cultivation conditions, these plants sometimes disappoint their owners. For beginners, well-known, well-established varieties will bring more joy.

Since almost all varietal forms were obtained as parents of epiphytic plants, phyllocactus is grown in a well-permeable soil mixture for cacti with the addition of sand, perlite and sometimes sphagnum.

These plants must be kept in a bright, but rather semi-shaded place; although they bloom luxuriantly in the sun, their leaves very quickly become covered with ugly burns. In summer, it is very favorable to keep it outdoors on a stand in the light shade of a tree, so that the plant is shaded from direct sunlight, especially in the hottest midday hours. In winter, most varieties need to be kept at 8 - 10°C and in completely dry conditions. cut leaf-shaped segments of the stems, which must be cut and dried again before rooting.

Pilosocereus (Pilosocereus palmeri).

This columnar cactus, covered with a blue wax coating, at a height of about 50 cm, long decorative hairy bunches appear in the areoles, which at the top of the stem form a kind of hairy cap - pseudocephaly. Only when favorable conditions and when the plant reaches a certain age, red-brown flowers appear from this hairy cap. (When cultivated in greenhouses, the species blooms easily.) Check out these types of thornless cacti - their photos and names will help you make the right choice of plants for your home:

Rebutia

Rebutia are small ribbed or papillary globular cacti. Without flowers, they are easily confused with lobivia or mammillaria. A typical feature is the flowers appearing at the bottom side, at the base of the stem, while almost all other spherical cacti have flowers blooming at the top.

Rebutias are popular among cactus lovers and are often found on sale. If their requirements in culture are observed, they grow well, and all rebutia willingly and profusely bloom in spring with numerous variegated and bright flowers.

In addition, they are easily propagated by seeds, and seedlings of some species often bloom already in the second year after sowing. Since rebutias most often come from high mountain areas, they prefer a bright but not very hot location, plenty of fresh air and a pronounced temperature difference between day and night, as well as winter and summer. When grown in stagnant suffocating air or in even warm conditions of living rooms, plants wither and become especially susceptible to insect damage. especially the red spider mite. However, rebutia grow excellently in greenhouses or during the growing season on outdoor windowsills. There they can be immediately buried in large quantities, for example, in a flat balcony flower box filled with loose substrate. Wintering should be cool and dry, otherwise rebutia bloom poorly. Some species are very variable, often even in culture, as a result of cross-pollination, hybrid forms are involuntarily formed, which then multiply further.

Rebutia heliosa.

Thanks to the beautiful spines that justify the Latin name of the plant "sun-shaped", and elegant orange flowers, this species looks very attractive. Under the conditions of culture, thanks to the offspring at the base of the stem, it forms whole curtains. Sometimes in the middle of summer, the plants have a summer dormant period, during which they need to be watered very sparingly. Reproduction from offspring ("children") is not difficult, but in this case, plants often do not form a turnip root. Grafted plants often give the impression of being overfed.

Rebutia dwarf ( Rebutia pygmaea).

This species belongs to the group of rebutias with short-cylindrical stems and forming clumps due to a large number offspring. The plant has a turnip root, so it is recommended to use a well-permeable substrate for cultivation.

Ripsalidopsis

Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri("Easter" cactus).

Like the "Christmas" cactus, this plant has flattened, leaf-like, jointed stems, but forms radially symmetrical flowers. This leading epiphytic cactus on its own roots is quite sensitive. The substrate for it should be well permeable and have a slightly acidic reaction (pH value from 5 to 5.5). It is recommended to use light, containing peat soil mix with a significant addition of perlite and sphagnum. The substrate and irrigation water should not contain magnesium and calcium salts. The soil in the pot must always be kept slightly moist, in addition, these cacti love more high humidity air. For the summer, the plant can be taken out into the fresh air and placed in the light shade of a tree or large bush. In dry, hot weather, regular spraying with water is necessary. A light dormant period from October to February during the shortest days, overwintering at around 10°C and reduced watering encourage flower bud set. From mid-February, the plants are transferred to a warmer place.

Rhipsalis - types of cacti with leaves

These types of leafy cacti may have flattened leaf-like stems, like those of phyllocactus, in other species they branch profusely and consist of coral-like, thin, rounded segments. The flowers are very small, and white, mistletoe-like berries often develop as fruits.

These epiphytic cacti are cultivated as companion plants in orchid, bromeliad and tillandsia collections. It is with these plants different kinds ripsalis grow in natural conditions and therefore have similar requirements in culture. The substrate and irrigation water should be slightly acidic.

Many species have arcuate drooping shoots, so they are grown as ampelous plants or in orchid baskets. In summer, plants can be kept in the light shade of a tree outside. Numerous small flowers appear in winter, so in winter the plants should be in a bright and warm place. A flower showcase or a closed flower window is very suitable for this, in which the above-mentioned epiphytic plants are grown. After flowering, the plants are decorated with numerous berry-like fruits.

Schlumberger ( Zygocactus) x Schlumbergera truncata "Christmas" cactus.

Like the "Easter" cactus, the stems of this plant consist of leaf-shaped flattened, short segments. In addition to the natural, red-flowered form, there are now magnificent varieties with flowers of various colors: from white and pink to yellow and red-violet. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and, unlike the flowers of "Easter" cacti, have a zygomorphic structure. Flowering time falls on the Christmas holidays, since the laying of flower buds occurs with a decrease in the length of daylight hours. Schlumbergers are grown similarly to ripsalidopsis and ripsalis in a light, slightly acidic and well-permeable substrate. Plants prefer a light, however, not sunny location. In summer, these cacti are kept in their usual place in the room or taken outside and placed in light shade under a tree. In the latter case, care must be taken to protect plants from snails. A light dormant period from mid-September to mid-November with a decrease in watering along with a short daylight hours contributes to the formation of flower buds. Once buds have appeared, plants should not be rearranged or rotated and should be moistened regularly and kept warm, otherwise dropping buds is observed. Along with plants growing on their roots, there are also standard forms grafted onto Peireskia or Selenicereus.

Selenicereus grandiflorus Selenicereus grandiflora, "Queen of the Night".

These large cacti have thin, serpentine, creeping or climbing shoots. They are among the most popular cacti, although they are grown by only a very few cacti growers. Nevertheless, the plant, which simultaneously blooms many magnificent flowers up to 25 cm in diameter, is an unforgettable sight. The flowers open in the evening and remain open for only a few hours. In the morning they wither. The plant is cultivated in a large pot or flower tub in a predominantly humus-containing but nevertheless well-permeable substrate. Regular fertilizing is prerequisite strong growth and abundant flowering. Shoots are tied to a solid support. Plants prefer a warm and light, but not very sunny location. In winter, they must be kept at a temperature of at least 15 ° C and keep the substrate slightly moist.

Setiechinopsis ( Setiechinopsis mirabilis)

After reaching a height of only 10 cm, the plant develops more and more groups of its elegant white flowers that bloom at night. Many seeds are produced by self-pollination.

Stetson Stetsonia coryne.

The seeds of this species, which grows in its homeland in the form of a tree-like cactus, are often found in mixtures of cactus seeds. Young plants with columnar bluish-green stems and long black spines are extremely attractive. V-shaped fruits are formed above the areoles. Stetsonia must be cultivated in warm conditions, even in winter the temperature should not fall below 15 ° C. Plants require moderate watering.

Sulcorebutia.

Compared to the similar genus Rebutia, sulcorebutia have narrow, linear areoles and pectinately arranged hard spines. The flowers outside are fairly large, wide scales. The genus was isolated only in 1951, and then only one single species was known. Thanks to numerous scientific expeditions and travels to collect new species, so many attractive plants that almost made sulcorebutia one of the most popular cacti. True, due to confusion with collection numbers, names and varieties, it is currently very difficult to navigate among plants of this genus; however, taxonomic issues aside, sulcorebutia are small, globular cacti with beautiful spines and numerous attractive flowers in a variety of bright colors.

Almost all species vary in the color of the spines and flowers, and most form numerous offspring. Sulcorebutia, like lobivia and rebutia, should be kept in fairly "Spartan" conditions. They require a bright, but not hot place.

A significant difference in day and night, as well as summer and winter temperatures is desirable. Sulcorebutia do not grow well in constantly well-heated living rooms, but thrive in regularly ventilated greenhouses or on a weather-protected outside window sill. Wintering should be cool and dry.

Telocactus.

The genus includes globular or slightly elongated cacti with both ribbed and papillary stems. Typical for the genus is that the flowers appear at the end of a short groove at the very top of the stem. Many hobbyists especially appreciate telocacti for their powerful, sometimes variegated spines and large flowers. Telocacti prefer a predominantly mineral substrate and should be kept in a sunny and warm place during the growing season. In winter, they can be kept in cool and completely dry conditions. They are suitable cacti for cultivation in a closed sunny flower window.

Trichocereus

This large columnar cactus has stamens arranged in a stepped wreath, similar to representatives of the genera Echinopsis and Lobivia. Many trichocereus bloom only in greenhouse conditions, however, young specimens are happy to be kept by amateurs and in small collections due to their attractive spines. Remaining small species also bloom only under favorable cultivation conditions. Trichocereus need nutritious, well-permeable soil and regular abundant fertilizing. In summer, plants are kept in the sun and warm, in winter - dry and cool.

Trichocereus fulvilanus.

This species is popular for its showy long spines. White flowers appear only on plants over one meter high.

Trichocereus hybr.

There are hybrids obtained by crossing such Trichocereus-owls as T. thelegonus, T. candicans or T. grandiflorus with various echinopsis. These hybrids have large, bright and well-formed flowers. Hybrid Trichocereus require warm, sunny conditions and good nutrition.

Turbinicarpus

These small, globular cacti with papery, hairy, or feathery spines are gaining in popularity among hobbyists. Even in small room you can collect a whole collection of them; usually still very small plants bloom profusely. In their homeland, turbinicarpus have to exist in difficult conditions. Plants are characterized by slow growth and in culture they should not be called more fast development. These cacti have turnip roots, so a well-permeable mineral substrate is recommended for their cultivation. Plants are planted in small but tall pots or planted in large quantities in a larger pot. Turbinicarpus are watered moderately even during the growing season, with excessive watering they can stretch. In summer, the plants are kept in a warm and bright place, but not in the bright sun. Ideal wintering dry and cool. In places of natural growth, plants often become very rare and therefore protected by law. However, seed propagation under culture conditions is not difficult and does not present any particular problems.

Turbinicarpus valdezianus.

This species is very popular for its white feathery spines and purple-red flowers that bloom in early spring. Already in winter, buds in the form of small black dots are clearly visible on the top of the cactus.

The word "cactus" served the inhabitants Ancient Greece so that they could designate with it any plant unknown to them. "What is it?" one asked ancient greek at another. “Ah, some kind of cactus!” - he answered, if he was not aware of which representative of the flora was in front of him. This went on for quite some time, but Carl Linnaeus intervened in the process of using the word. The most famous botanist in the world decided to use this term to designate a very specific type of plant. This event took place in the first half of the 18th century - long after cacti appeared on Earth.

Researchers believe that cacti began to grow on our planet about 35 million years ago. Impressive, isn't it? And for such a long period of existence of the cactus genus, real giants worthy of the Guinness Book of Records appeared on Earth. The focus of our attention today is the three most giant spines in the world.

Third place: ferocactus

There are quite deserted states in North America. For example, distant Utah or New Mexico. It is there, in the wastelands, in the absolute wilderness and spacious steppe, which is not distinguished by an abundance of vegetation, that ferocactus live. These flowering plants may be spherical or cylindrical in shape. And some types of ferocactus are truly gigantic in size. Take, for example, Ferocactus pilosus: this variety of one of the most gigantic cacti in the world can reach a meter in diameter. In height, such plants can grow up to four and a half meters. Seeing this, I can’t even believe that the cactus sitting in a pot on the windowsill, and this North American giant, are the closest relatives.

Ferocactus was discovered by a botanist named Houston. The plant was discovered by an explorer in Mexico at the end of the eighteenth century. William Houston immediately notified the world scientific community about the discovery.

Second place: giant carnegia

Saguaro - this is how the Mexicans call another giant, which is several times larger than the previous one. Carnegia giant grows in Mexico, as well as in the southern regions of the North American continent. Arriving in the United States in the hope of seeing one of the cacti, which is more like a tree, you should go to Arizona or California.

The height of the giant carnegia is impressive: the tallest representative of the genus managed to grow up to 18 meters. Of course, the entire “body” of the plant is strewn with needles. But they are not small, like other members of the family, but rather long, up to 7 cm in length. True, if we take into account the height of the giant carnegia, then we can conclude that everything is proportional in this plant.

For a long time, the giant carnegia belonged to the genus of cacti Cereus and was not independent plant. However, not so long ago, scientists came to the conclusion that carnegia has characteristic differences that allow it to “disconnect” from the cereus. The most gigantic representative of the discussed variety of cacti was found in Arizona. Its height was 17 meters and 65 centimeters.

Carnegia got its name from Andrew Carnegie, a multimillionaire and philanthropist.

First place: Cereus

Among the cereus, which for a long time belonged to the giant carnegia: some are small shrubs, others are real giants. However, for the sake of truth, it must be said that there are, of course, many times more giants among them than miniature representatives of the genus. The stem of the cereus has a cylindrical shape. The plant reaches a height of twenty meters, thanks to which it takes first place in our ranking.

The vegetative period of cereus is three hundred years. Of course, many trees live much longer than cacti. However, this does not prevent the cereus from being considered a long-liver among the representatives of the flora that inhabit planet Earth. It is noteworthy that the fruits that ripen on the most gigantic cacti in the world can be freely eaten. From a distance, they resemble huge tomatoes. These "berries" have repeatedly saved the lives of wanderers and travelers who found themselves face to face with the desert - without water and food.

A unique giant named cereus was born in the Caribbean, formerly known as the West Indies. However, today it can be found in any part of America - both in the south and in the north. Cereus loves the desert. Therefore, it is necessary to look for it exclusively in such territories.

The largest cereus is considered to be a cactus nicknamed the California giant. Its height is 25 meters, and its age is about two hundred years. Interestingly, in the first decade of their life, such cacti grow literally a couple of centimeters during the year, and begin to bloom only after their age has exceeded half a century. The researchers calculated and found out that the California giant is a real natural water tower: the plant contains two tons of moisture.

The average height of the cereus is from 12 to 15 meters. The weight of such plants usually exceeds six tons. Sometimes it reaches ten tons or more.

TOP 9 facts about the California giant

To get to know the California giant closer, we offer you a selection of the most interesting facts about this plant. Some you may already know. But some will certainly surprise you and become a real discovery.

1. The California giant, which grows in the state of Arizona, is considered the official symbol of this region of the United States.
2. The Arizona cereus is officially recognized as the most gigantic cactus in the world. This fact is confirmed by the inclusion of the plant in the Guinness Book of Records.
3. Active development in cereus begins only after he has sat in the ground for three decades.
4. Up to seventy years, the cereus has a cylindrical shape. And after overcoming this age threshold, the plant begins the active development of lateral branches. Until the age of 70, this simply does not happen.
5. In addition to being considered the largest cactus in the world, the cereus is also one of the heaviest plants on Earth. According to the most conservative estimates, one average cereus contains from six to ten tons of water.
6. Cacti are plants that tend to accumulate moisture inside themselves. They easily tolerate heat and are quite calm about the lack of watering. And all thanks to the fact that they themselves contain a lot of moisture. If we had the opportunity to pass the cereus through the press, then at the end of the process we would get two tons of water from the cactus.
7. In the desert, as you know, not everyone can survive. Therefore, not only the flora of these places is scarce, but also the fauna. However, some people still inhabit the desert: some species of birds, rodents, snakes. All of these animals often use cereus as a haven. They equip dwellings in cacti and live.
8. Cereus fruits are not just edible. They boast an excellent set of vitamins and minerals, they saturate and even take part in the production of alcoholic beverages: the locals use the saureus fruit as the main ingredient for making strong homemade alcohol.
9. Cereus flowers, which appear on it only after the 50th anniversary, bloom exclusively at night. The diameter of each inflorescence is about ¼ meter.

Is it possible to grow "giants" at home

You may be surprised, but cactus advice will not let us lie: all of the listed types of plants can be easily grown at home. Of course, you will not succeed in a giant in a pot. However, ferocactus, and cereus, and carnegia are able to settle on a home windowsill and deliver a lot of aesthetic pleasure to their grower.

Ferocactus is the same glorious ball that seems to rise above the pot in the form of a hemisphere and at some point blooms: one or more bright and conspicuous inflorescences appear on the body covered with thorns. This show looks amazing.

• Location. For normal development, ferocactus requires a well-lit place. If your house has a window that “looks” south, it would make sense to place the cactus pot on that window sill. AT summer time year, it makes sense to send a cactus in a pot to an open balcony or loggia - that is, where there is free access to fresh air. You can even take the ferocactus outside: to the garden, front garden or to the outside of the windowsill, if we are talking about a city apartment.
• Watering. Ferocactus should be watered only after the substrate with which its pot is filled has completely dried out. If your city apartment is cool enough in winter (up to 22 degrees Celsius), then from November to early spring, ferocactus watering can be safely stopped. If the house is warm, continue to water the plant in the winter in the same way as you did in the summer.
• Humidity. Ferocactus does not need additional moisture. But the plant needs a warm shower from time to time. But only in order to wash off the remnants of dust accumulated on the cactus. If organizing bath procedures for a cactus is not to your liking, use the usual paint brush: just brush off the dust particles from the flower from time to time - and it's in the bag.
• planting substrate. For normal growth and development, ferocactus requires calcareous or rocky soil. In nature, it grows in such a land. The acidity should be quite substantial: pH should vary from 7 to 8 divisions.

AT without fail when planting a ferocactus, make sure that a high-quality drainage system is organized in the planting container. Moisture in no case should not stagnate in a pot.

Carnegia, which is grown at home, is a rather large tree-like cactus. It belongs to the erect species of the prickly family. It grows rather slowly and does not happen to be a giant at home. So do not be afraid that the carnegia will grow up to fifteen meters, as in its natural habitat. Feel free to grow this cactus for your own joy. Moreover, it is not at all difficult to do this.

• Location. A place for carnegia in a pot must be chosen so that in any season it receives maximum amount sun rays. This plant loves light very much and cannot develop qualitatively without it. Don't be afraid to roast carnegia in the sun. Send her to the south window sill. Or transfer from east to west during the day, which, of course, is much less convenient.
• Watering. In winter, carnegia should be watered only when the substrate is completely dry. In the spring-summer period, it is rarely necessary to water, but it is good: so that the clod of earth is completely wet. But the moisture that drains into the pan should not be left in this form. It is mandatory to drain it.
• Humidity. Spraying carnegia, like ferocactus, is not necessary. Do not abuse moisture. Carnegia loves dry, but clean air. In this regard, one more rule: be sure to ventilate the room in which one of the most gigantic cacti in the world grows more often. But at the same time, remove the pot with carnegia away from the draft - this can be detrimental to the plant.
• planting substrate. You can prepare the soil for planting carnegia yourself. To do this, you need to take one part of leafy soil and one part sod land. Two parts of fairly coarse sand should be added to this mixture. The substrate for planting a cactus is ready. It is extremely important to know that this plant does not like too acidic soil. The maximum pH of the soil should not be higher than 6.5.

Experts recommend adding small pieces of charcoal to the soil when planting carnegia. Such an additive will improve the drainage of the substrate.

Cereus at home is a blooming handsome man, the real pride of the grower. But in order for flowering to happen, and to certainly happen on time, a number of recommendations should be followed.

• Location. The best place to place a cereus pot would be a southwest, southeast, or south window. Cereus at any time of the year should be well-lit.
• Watering. Use for watering the cereus hard and cold water is strictly prohibited. Before moistening the soil, make sure that the water has settled and reached room temperature. If possible, water the cereus with filtered water.
• Humidity. Between the beginning of April and the end of September, the giant cactus needs additional moisture. You can satisfy this need of a flower by spraying the plant with a spray bottle two to three times a week.
• planting substrate. Alkaline soil is not suitable for planting cereus. The soil should be either acidic or neutral. The obligatory components of the substrate for this cactus should be sand and brick chips.

In no case do not plant cereus in soil that is rich in humus. It will ruin exotic plant. We hope our recommendations will help you grow your own giant in miniature.

Saguaro (scientific name Carnegiea gigantea) is a large, tree-like cactus in the monotypic genus Carnegiea. He is a permanent resident for the Sonoran Desert in the US state of Arizona, in the Mexican state of Sonora, in a small part of lower California in the San Felipe Desert.

Dimensions of the Saguaro cactus

Saguaros are long-lived. The growth rate of saguaros is highly dependent on rainfall. Some specimens can live over 150 years. The largest cactus in the world is Saguaro. It grows in Maricopa County, Arizona. Its height is 13.8 meters, and its girth is 3.1 meters.

It grows slowly from seed, not from cuttings. Whenever it rains, saguaros soak up the rainwater. The cactus expands noticeably, holding on to rainwater. It conserves water and consumes it slowly.

The cactus in the photo is estimated to be over 200 years old, with a circumference of 2.4 meters and a height of 14 meters. The largest cactus in the world in a photo from a trip to Mexico.

Lifespan

The saguaro is one of the largest cacti in the world. It grows most often in deserts. The cycle of life begins with the sprouted seed. By the time he is 35 years old, he begins to bloom, and at the age of 70 he develops branches. Plants reach full maturity at about 125 years of age. The saguaro can live from 150 to 200 years. In height reaches up to 15 meters. Its growth is quite slow: only one meter for a period of 20-30 years. Maximum dimensions cactus reaches the age of 75 years.

The plant has a huge weight, which can be about 8 tons. 80% of the composition of the cactus is water. Saguaro is a very "tricky" plant. During growth, it hides under trees and shrubs to protect itself from wind and sun. It also absorbs all the water and nutrients from the soil, so that other plants have no chance to survive, and they die. The saguaro can become oversaturated with moisture and burst from the inside.

plant description

The cactus is characterized by a cover of "hair" in the apical region and spines. large sizes. The cactus blooms with white flowers with a yellow center. Their number can be up to 200 pieces. The buds open only at night, so as not to suffer from the sun. Then the process of pollination takes place.

If you want to see Saguaro in reality, then welcome to Mexico! In Arizona, there is a reserve for huge species of cacti. In parks, plants are under the strictest protection. In case of damage to plants, punishment up to imprisonment will follow.

Saguaro - rare plant green world. Its gigantic dimensions delight and fascinate. Like any other plant, the cactus feeds through its roots. Moisture then enters through the xylem and phloem. These are the tubes that carry nutrients and water.

What is unique about the Saguaro cactus?

• The Saguaro cactus is unique, if only in that it reaches maturity in a monotonous, dry, extreme, harsh, hostile, monotonous environment.
• The cactus is able to reach a considerable size and live for more than 150 years.
• No large animal eats the Saguaro. The spiny cactus is usually the choice of many small animals.
• The Saguaro cactus has red fruits, edible and fragrant - people and wild animals are not averse to eating them. Fruit does not appear until the cactus is at least 40 years old.
• Saguaro does not bloom for the first 35-40 years.
• The saguaro is one of the largest cactus species on the planet that can store water for long periods of time.

Cactus is an extremely common crop in indoor floriculture. There are a huge number of species of the cactus family. What are the cacti and the names of the species can be found below.

All representatives can be divided into three groups:

• Pereskievye;
• prickly pear;
• Cereus.

These species differ in structure. So, Peresciaceae have round stems and flat leaves. which are covered with straight spines. often bloom solitary flowers. Differs in edible fruits.

Opuntia cacti are distinguished by small leaves covered with thorns.. In addition to spines, they also have glochidia. Glochidia are the modified leaves of a plant. Flowering large. The colors are varied. The fruits are mostly edible.

Cereus leaves and glochidia are absent. This is the largest family, which includes a variety of species. In some representatives, the fruits are edible. In general, Cereus cacti prefer dry areas.

cactus bloom

All varieties bloom, but not every representative will please with their flowering at home. For a culture to flourish, you need to create right conditions content for her.

Flowering depends on the variety. Representatives meet with small flowers(Mammillaria). And in other species - large sizes. For example, this applies to Echinopsis. The size of its flower can reach 15 cm.

Flower color is varied: white, pink, red. So, for example, night flowers (that is, those that bloom at night) are distinguished by a pale color - white, cream or light pink. Daytime - can have almost any color. The exceptions are blue and black.

The main varieties and their names

All cacti can be conditionally divided into groups:

• Room;
• Forest;
• Desert.

Indoor

Indoor cacti are called cacti that adapt to home growing conditions.

To the room can be attributed:

• Notocactus otto;
• Small-haired prickly pear;
• Rebutia.

These species get along well in room conditions and bloom at proper care behind them. Some may bloom in the first year of life, for example, some Mammillaria.

One of the most popular cacti that is grown at home is Euphorbia. This is a decorative culture, which differs not only in original appearance, but also poisonous milky juice, which is contained inside the stems and leaves.

Forest

The most popular representatives of forest crops include:

• Decembrist;
• Ripsalidopsis.

Decembrist and ripsadolipsis are similar in appearance. However, the petals of ripsalidopsis grow straight, not folded back. Coloring is red.

Epiphyllum has a not very neat shape. The specific epiphyllum is remarkable for flowers of red shades. However, many varieties with a variety of colors have been bred.

Decembrist different flowering in winter. This is a very common variety. It blooms with white, pink, purple and red flowers.

Also included in the forest:

1. . It has a round stem shape, blooms with a single white flower;
2. . It is remarkable not only for orange flowers, but also for edible fruits. Some of them have a pleasant taste and useful properties;

Desert

The species of desert spiny should include:

• Mammillaria;
• Rebutia.

Most representatives bloom indoors with beautiful flowers.. Some of them have the ability to bloom in the first year of life.

Determination of the type by external qualities

Growing a cactus but don't know what it's called? You can determine the variety by its external data.

blooming

All cacti bloom, but not all can bloom at home. Wherein flowering varies by variety.

They bloom mostly in small flowers. Possible colors: yellow and pink. There are several flowers, they may not open at the same time, but alternately.

Has many varieties. That's why flower colors are varied: white, yellow, red, hot pink. Blooms with numerous flowers.

Notable for the fact that only one flower blooms. However, it is large and yellow in color.

Decembrist or Schlumberer

Notable for the fact that blooms in winter. They call it a Decembrist because it blooms on New Year's Eve. Flowering is large and has a red color.

cacti with leaves

In general, all representatives have leaves. However, they are represented by thorns. If we talk about cacti, which really there are leaves familiar to everyone, then you can call Pachypodium.

prickly pear have leaves in the form of elongated cakes, on which spines are located.

Differs in large leaves of light green color with denticles along the edges.

Long

Cereus are considered the highest. The height of some representatives reaches 20 meters. At home, of course, they do not reach such heights. But they could, if the ceilings of the apartments did not interfere with them. Cereus is distinguished not only by its height, but also by its excellent flowering, large white with a creamy tint. In addition, they have an incredible aroma.

Up to 2 meters in height Euphorbia can grow.

Cactus with long needles

Long needles can boast Echinocactus (Echinopsis white-flowered), Carnegia, some varieties of Mammillaria, Ferocactus. This is far from a complete list.

The spines of Echinocactus Gruzoni can reach a length of up to 5 cm.

Decorative

Most varieties are decorative. Both flowers and stems and leaves of this culture are decorative. Among the most commonly grown in the house are:

• Mammillaria(differ in beautiful flowering);
• Decembrist(distinguished by luxurious flowering in winter);
• (a type of milkweed, beautifully blooms with large flowers);
• spurge(all types of milkweed differ not only decorative properties, but also curative);
• (a very original representative with long leaves);
• (decorative with long shoots and large flowers);
• (culture with an original spherical stem with one large snow-white flower).

fluffy

Espostow called fluffy cactus. This is a culture of Perunian origin. This species is called fluffy because of the hairs that play a protective function. The height of this culture in room conditions does not exceed 70 cm, in natural conditions it can grow up to 5 meters.

The plant was nicknamed the "Peruvian old man" for the hairs that appear gray.

non-thorny cactus

to the cacti that do not have spines, include some types of Ariocarpus. This is an original culture with an unusual stem and a large single flower. It can also be attributed astrophytum Asterias. This species is distinguished by a beautiful and very large single flower in the form of a chamomile, which is located at the top of the stem.

Thus, in nature there is a huge variety of different cultures. All cacti differ in height, flowering, needles. Everyone can choose a plant to their liking. Cactus - the original culture with the most incredible flowering. What could be more interesting than a blooming cactus?

Cereus giant

The largest cactus in the world is the giant cereus (Cereus giganteus). Its height, recorded in the Guinness Book of Records, is 25 m. The second name of the cactus is the California giant. It grows in southeastern California, Arizona and Mexico. The giant cereus flower is the state flower of Arizona. The cactus itself resembles a huge candelabra, but it does not immediately acquire such a shape. Lateral branches appear around the 70th anniversary of the cactus.

And in his first ten years of life, he manages to set another record - as the slowest growing plant. In the first decade, it grows by about 2 cm.

cactus vitality

The period of active growth in the giant cereus begins after about 30 years. In order to appear in all its glory, he still has about 100-120 years. The world's largest cactus easily reaches a height of 12-15 meters, with a weight of 6-10 tons.

The trunk and branches of the cactus hold about two tons of water. The ability to accumulate and retain such an amount of liquid allows the cactus to easily endure high air temperatures. However, it does not lose its viability if the temperature drops below 0 degrees.

House for insects and birds

For insects and birds that live in the neighborhood, the largest cactus in the world becomes a home. Owls, woodpeckers, snakes and mice are freely accommodated under one roof.

Cereus giant is a fruitful plant. Its fruits - fleshy bright berries - are considered a very valuable food product, and from the juice of the plant, the locals learned how to make alcoholic drink, vaguely reminiscent of moonshine.