Economic and geographical characteristics of the countries of North America on the example of Canada

1.1 Geographic location of Canada

Canada See Appendix 1 is the second largest country in the world (10 million sq. km.), surpassed in size only by Russia. Canada occupies 1/12 of the earth's land and has the longest coastline, equal to 3 equators. Canada is located in North America. It borders the United States to the south and northwest, the US land border being considered the longest unguarded border in the world. The "border" with Russia is the shortest, as it is just a mathematical point - the North Pole, where the borders of the polar sectors of these countries converge. In the north, Canada is washed by the Arctic Ocean. To the northeast by Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Canada's climate varies from temperate in the south to arctic in the north.

Although most of the land is occupied by lakes and lowlands overgrown with forests, Canada also has mountain ranges, plains and even a small desert. The Great Plains, or prairies, cover Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and parts of Alberta. Now it is the main agricultural land of the country. Western Canada is known for its Rocky Mountains, while the east contains the country's most important cities, as well as Niagara Falls, the Canadian Shield, an ancient mountainous region formed over 2.5 billion years ago. years ago, covers most of the north of the country. In the arctic region, only tundra can be found, which breaks up into islands to the north, covered with ice almost all year round.

The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan at 5,950 meters above sea level.

Physical and geographical position of Canada:

In physical and geographical terms, Canada is divided into five main parts: the Appalachian-Acadian region (southeast of the country), the Canadian Shield, the Interior Lowlands, the Great Plains (in the center) and the Cordillera (in the west). The territory of the country is a complex geological structure where there are breeds of various ages. Close to ancient geological formation, which is the Canadian shield, there are young mountains - the Cordillera.

More than half of the country's territory is occupied by the Laurentian Plateau, which is part of the Canadian Shield. This is the oldest part of Canadian land, covered by a glacier in the recent past and still bearing traces of glaciation: smoothed rocks, moraines, chains of lakes. The plateau is a gently undulating plain. This is the most severe and uninhabited part of the country, but with huge reserves of minerals.

From the north and south, the plateau is surrounded by large lowlands - the Interior Plains, the Laurentian Lowland and the lowlands of the Hudson Strait, which represent a characteristic picture of the Canadian landscape and brought Canada the glory of a country of boundless expanses with favorable natural conditions.

In spring, the boundless expanse of the steppes is covered with a green carpet, in summer - golden, and in winter - a white blanket. Such steppes are mainly located in the southern parts of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, which is why these provinces are called steppe. The Laurentian lowland is located in the most favorable climatic conditions - a temperate climate and fertile soils. That is why the main economic region of the country is located here.

In the southeast of the country lie the Appalachian Mountains, an ancient mountain system, rich in minerals like our Urals. Their average height does not exceed 600 m. The Appalachians are covered with dense forests. To the northwest of the Appalachians is the Canadian Shield, which consists of granites and gneisses. There are many swamps, lakes, rapids rivers. From the west and south, the shield is bordered by a chain of lakes - from the Great Bear Lake to the Great Lakes. The Canadian Shield Region is a harsh and sparsely populated part of the country.

West of the Canadian Shield are the Great Plains. Their southern part - the Interior Lowlands - is the breadbasket of Canada (75% of the country's cultivated land). In the western part of Canada on the Pacific coast is one of the greatest and most beautiful mountain systems in the world - the Cordillera, stretching for 2.5 thousand km from north to south and 750 km from west to east. Within Canada, they are subdivided into the Rocky Mountains (in the east), the Coast Range (in the west), and the plateau that lies between them. The height of the mountains is 2000-3000 m above sea level. These relatively young mountains are also rich in minerals, most of which are exploited.

Economic and geographical position of Canada:

Canada occupies most of the North North America. 75% of the territory is the zone of the north. Canada shares a land border with the United States in the south and northwest (between Alaska and Yukon) and stretches from Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific - in the west and the Arctic - in the north. It also shares maritime borders with France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon) and Denmark (Greenland). Since 1925 Canada has owned part of the Arctic between 60? h.d. and 141? z.d., however, these possessions are not generally recognized.

The USA is a developed state. It ranks fourth in the world in terms of territory. The United States borders in the south with Mexico, and also has a maritime border with Russia. The US has the largest economy in the world. Many natural resources, including energy and raw materials. High-tech production. Developed scientific research. The service sector is well developed and the industry is competitive.

The transport system of the country includes more than 1.1 million kilometers of roads, ten major international and about three hundred regional and local airports, 72,093 kilometers railway tracks and more than 300 commercial seaports providing access to the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic oceans, the waters of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. In 2005, the country's transport sector revenue accounted for 4.2% of Canada's GDP, up 0.5% from oil and natural gas revenues.

Canada can be divided into 7 physiographic regions. Arctic mountains. Most of Ellesmere Island and the northeast coast of Baffin Island is occupied by a series of high mountains and steep slopes. This region is high latitude and extremely cold. Surface forged permafrost, in most of the territory - ice sheets.

Laurentian (Canadian) shield. The territory of this region is characterized by outcrops of ancient crystalline bedrocks. Local landforms are a legacy of the Ice Age. As the massive ice sheets retreated northward, they cleared and smoothed the surface. There are thousands of lakes within this area, with Hudson Bay in the center. The entire region, which has the shape of a circle, covers almost half of Canada (4.6 million km). The area is extremely rich in mineral resources; deposits of almost all elements of the periodic table have been found here.

Appalachian mountains. The Maritime Provinces and the insular Newfoundland represent the northernmost edge of the Appalachian system, which runs through the eastern United States into Canada. This is a mountainous region of ancient rocks.

Interior Plains. Bordering the Canadian Shield to the west, this region of plains and gently undulating terrain extends from the United States into the Steppe Provinces and continues northwest to the Pacific coast. The Canadian Shield and the Interior Plains are an area of ​​low relief that covers approximately 60% of Canada and the United States.

The Rocky Mountains rise sharply along the western edge of the Interior Plains. In contrast to the gently undulating plains, the Rocky Mountains have peaks often exceeding 3,000 meters.

Intermountain regions. West is relatively narrow corridor of plateaus and valleys separating the Rocky Mountains from the mountain ranges along the Pacific coast. This area, extremely complex in geological terms, is a labyrinth of plateaus, low ridges and valleys.

Pacific mountain system. The western edge of the continent is a mountainous country stretching from Alaska through the Yukon Territory and British Columbia to the Sierra Nevada in Southern California.

The climatic regions of Canada and Russia are very similar. In the North, the tundra region extends from the Canadian archipelago through the Ungava Peninsula east of Hudson Bay and ends on the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland. South of the tundra is a vast subarctic climate region running from the Yukon and the Northwest Territories east across the country to Hudson Bay and continuing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In the south, this zone reaches the northern shore of Lake Superior. South of the subarctic belt is a region of humid continental climate, spreading through southern part Steppe provinces and through the Great Lakes region to the Maritime provinces. However, all natural areas in Canada compared to Russia (especially its European part) are shifted to the south. The fact is that instead of the warm Gulf Stream, its eastern shores are washed by the cold Labrador Current, and the North Pole, according to scientists, in the distant past was located on the territory of present-day Canada, where the Earth's north magnetic pole still remains. Here in much more southern latitudes than ours - sometimes even in Montreal! - you can see the northern lights. The climate in Montreal is about the same as in Moscow, although Montreal, like the capital, Ottawa, is located at the latitude of Simferopol. And at the latitude of Moscow in eastern Canada - already the tundra. As in Russia, approximately 70% of Canada's territory is usually attributed to the region of the North.

Political and geographical position of Canada:

Canada is a federal state that occupies most of the mainland of North America and the adjacent numerous islands. Today Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, a bilingual and multicultural country where English and French are recognized as official languages ​​at the federal level.

It is washed by the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans, borders on the USA in the south and in the northwest, with Denmark (Greenland) and France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon) in the northeast. Canada's border with the United States is the longest common border in the world. Capital of Canada Ottawa.

Over the past 60 years, Canada has become an advocate for diversity, working with other countries to resolve international conflicts.

As a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Canada has a non-nuclear defensive military. There are currently 62,000 permanent military personnel in service and 26,000 personnel in reserve. The Canadian armed forces are made up of infantry, navy and air force. Most of the armament includes 1,500 infantry fighting vehicles, 34 warships and 861 aircraft.

Canada participated in the First and Second World Wars on the side of the Allies. She also participated in Korean War on the side of the USA. Canada has been active in international missions under UN and NATO command since 1950, including peacekeeping operations, various missions in the former Yugoslavia, and supported Coalition forces in the 1st Gulf War. Since 2001, Canada has had a contingent in Afghanistan in partnership with the US Stabilization Force and the NATO International Force, supported by the UN. Help team for emergency situations participated in three important rescue operations after the December 2004 tsunami in South-East Asia, after Hurricane Katrina in September 2005 on the American coast and after the earthquake in Kashmir in October 2005.

Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories See Appendix 2. The newest administrative unit of Canada is the Nunavut Territory (created in 1999).

The provinces are states that exist under the Canadian constitution and have supreme power within their jurisdiction, independent of the federal government.

The Canadian territories are administrative divisions administered by the Canadian federal Parliament, which by ordinary law grants certain powers to their local administrations.

The ten modern provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan. Three territories: Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon.

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Introduction.

The main object of consideration in my course work, I chose the country of Canada. The purpose of this work is to study and most complete consideration of all the geopolitical characteristics of this state.
According to the goal, the following tasks are defined.
Consider:

The geographical position of Canada;
Socio-economic development;
Canada's role in the international arena.

Canada is one of the most environmentally friendly countries in the world;
Canada is one of the wealthiest countries in the world with a high per capita income;
Canada is one of the few countries in the world that, in accordance with its immigration policy, makes it quite easy and legal to obtain a residence permit for people who do not have close relatives in Canada, which is good help to obtain a second citizenship.

Chapter I. Geopolitical position of Canada.

1.1. Description.

1.2. Geographic location of Canada.

1.3. History reference.

1.4. Natural conditions and resources.

British Columbia and Ontario are known for their intensive horticulture.
In the steppes in the west of the country there are large areas of extensive grain crops.
Quebec is the largest producer of dairy products.
Most of Canada's potatoes are grown on Prince Edward Island.

1.5. Religion.

1.6. Culture.

1.7. political device.

Chapter II. Socio-economic development of Canada.

2.1. Population.

The United States of America neighbors Canada to the south and northwest. About half of Canada's territory is occupied by the Laurentian Uplands, the western border of which is formed by a line between Great Bear Lake in the north and Forest Lake in the extreme south. Geologists call this vast area the Canadian Shield. The average height of the local landscape is about 500 m, however, after the end of the ice age, the remains of ancient folded mountains up to 1190 m high were exposed in some places. The Laurentian Upland lies in the Atlantic Ocean basin and is famous for its picturesque lacustrine-hilly relief. Hudson Bay fills the central part of the Canadian Shield. On its shores there is a lowland of the same name, which arose as a result of the uplift of the relief and the retreat of the sea after the melting of glaciers. Relatively recent tectonic processes have led to the formation of the Arctic archipelago. The outlying ranges of the American Appalachians enter the territory of Canada. They border the valley of the St. Lawrence River on the south and stick out as sharp teeth of islands near the east coast. These old mountains, dissected by steep gorges, form a system of small plateaus no more than 800 m high. rocks and geological structures suggests the presence of rich mineral resources in these parts. The highest point of this part of the Appalachians is Jacques-Cartier (1268 m). At the junction of the Laurentian Upland and the Appalachians lies the valley of the St. Lawrence River, which is a tectonic tectonic depression.

The total length of Canada's heavily indented coastline is about 244,000 km. The sea coast is replete with peninsulas, bays and coastal archipelagos. In the north, huge bays go deep into the land. The largest of them, Hudson Bay, covers an area of ​​848,000 sq. km (together with the secondary James Bay adjacent to it). Canada's largest peninsula is Labrador (1,430,000 sq. km). Along the northern shores of the country lies the Arctic archipelago (the most big Island- Baffin Island). largest island off the east coast - Newfoundland, and in the Pacific Ocean - Vancouver.

Administrative divisions of Canada

Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.

Population of Canada

The indigenous people of Canada are Indians and Eskimos. Most of the Indian population is scattered across taiga reserves, and a certain part of them still live off hunting and fishing. The main occupation of the Eskimos inhabiting the northern coast of Canada, Baffin Island and the Labrador Peninsula is sea fishing. The national composition and distribution of the population developed as a result of the colonization of this part of the continent by European settlers that began in the 16th century. For more than one hundred years, these lands have been the scene of fierce confrontation between the English and French colonists. If the French settled in the valley of the St. Lawrence River, then the British firmly settled in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and the Great Lakes region. Nevertheless, by the end of the 19th century, only a negligible part of the territory of Canada was mastered, and only the laying of the transcontinental railroad gave impetus to the mass settlement of the prairies. In those years, Canada received several million immigrants from Western and of Eastern Europe, including immigrants from Russia and Ukraine.

Economy of Canada

About 74 million hectares are occupied by agricultural land in Canada (the average area of ​​one farm is over 240 hectares). There are two large agricultural regions in the country. The first is located on flat plains along the shores of the Great Lakes and in the valley of the St. Lawrence River. All Canadian corn and soybeans, 90% of grapes and tobacco, as well as a good half of potatoes and vegetables are grown here. The same region supplies 50% of milk and eggs to the national market. The second most important agricultural area is the prairies, famous high yields wheat and developed animal husbandry. An excellent resource base serves as a reliable basis for the development of forestry. According to some estimates, Canada owns more than 9% of all forest land on the planet. Modern pulp and paper production is directly related to logging and woodworking. Fishing is one of the oldest branches of the national economy. A significant part of the catch is obtained in the coastal waters of the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, although inland waters are also of great commercial importance. Possessing rich mineral resources, Canada ranks first in the world in the extraction of nickel and zinc ores. The country has large deposits copper, iron, gold, lead and molybdenum, and coal is one of the leading exports. The uranium mined in the country is used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Natural gas and oil deposits are being developed.

A powerful impetus to the development of the Canadian economy was given by II World War. The military industry grew in the country, a number of new industries arose, the influx of American investments increased, and large-scale trade between neighboring states developed. The deepening of US-Canadian economic integration continues today. The US is Canada's main export partner, and about 30% of Canadian businesses are owned by US companies.

Economic and geographical position of Canada

Remark 1

Canada occupies the northern part of the North American continent and is the second largest state in the world.

Its southern and northwestern border by land runs with the United States. In addition to land borders, Canada has maritime borders - in the northeast it borders on the Danish autonomous territory of Greenland and in the east on the French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

The territory of Canada is washed by three oceans - the northern coast is washed by the Arctic Ocean, from the east it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean.

She also has polar possessions in the Arctic zone, there are claims to part of the continental shelf, including the North Pole.

The country itself, its land and sea neighbors are highly developed capitalist states, well endowed with natural resources.

One of the important factors of Canadian prosperity is its efficient transport system, which combines railways, highways and airlines.

All these modes of transport have been developed in the south of the country. The small population of the northern part is almost not provided with transport, there are very few roads.

The north and south of the country are interconnected mainly by air transport. The longest highway in Canada connects the steppe regions with the western and eastern provinces. This "main street of Canada", as it is called, has a length of 8 thousand km.

Sufficient development has maritime and river transport. The St. Lawrence River is the largest transport artery, and the ports located on it are mainly of the lake type.

The largest airports are located in the central region of the country, for example, Mirabel Airport.

The main population of the country is concentrated in the south of Canada and mineral resources are mined here, in addition, the south of Canada is conveniently located to the mineral resources of the Great American Lakes, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich there are reserves iron ore USA.

What distinguishes Canada from the developed capitalist countries is its own raw materials and energy base, which exceeds the needs of the economy.

Canada is not only a member but also a founding member of NATO. She has a defensive army without nuclear weapons. The country took part on the side of the Allies in the First and Second World Wars. She took part in the Korean War on the US side.

This industrial-agrarian country has great economic potential and occupies one of the leading places among developed countries in terms of gross national product.

Remark 2

Thus, despite the fact that most of the country lies in harsh conditions, its economic and geographical position is favorable and contributes to high economic development economy. This is explained by the open access to three oceans, the presence of borders with highly developed countries, a well-developed transport system and proximity to international transport routes, which contributed to the development of the territory and the attraction of immigrants, as well as large reserves of various mineral resources that underlie the development of the economy.

Natural conditions of Canada.

The relief of Canada is mainly represented by a hilly plain, which is bounded by mountain uplifts in the west and east.

The Canadian Cordillera stretches along the Pacific coast in the west. They begin on the border with Alaska and have a height of 2000-2700 m.

The rocky mountains are divided by river valleys into two ridges located meridionally in southbound. The western slopes of these ranges are covered with coniferous forest, while the eastern slopes are rocky and bare. Individual peaks of these ranges have heights up to 4000 m.

To the west of the Rocky Mountains is a volcanic plateau.

The coastal Pacific mountains are also divided into two ridges running along the meridian. They are separated by a longitudinal valley, which is flooded in the southern part by the sea.

There are high sections in the western belt of mountains, in the south these are the coastal islands of Vancouver, Queen Charlotte, and in the northern part on the border with Alaska they end with the massifs of the mountains of St. Elijah and Logan - this is the highest point of Canada (5959 m). The mountains are covered with glaciers that cut off to the sea.

On the coast of the Atlantic Ocean of Canadian territory, the Appalachian Mountains of the United States continue.

Here, in the east of the country, there are the Notre Dame mountains on the right bank of the St. Lawrence, the Shikshok massif in the northern part of the Gaspé peninsula, the Kibkid mountains, cut through by the valley of the St. John River. The height of the mountains is not more than 700 m.

Newfoundland Island has a height of 805 m. From Lake Superior to the coast of the Arctic Ocean, a vast area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Canadian Shield stretches - this is a low country composed of crystalline rocks. On the modern surface of this country, traces of recent glaciation are visible - “ram's foreheads”, lake basins, rapids rivers, a thin soil layer.

On the Labrador Peninsula there are bare stone hills and rocks. The height of the terrain on the southern and western coasts of Hudson Bay is no more than 200 m. The terrain rises to 500 m towards Lake Superior. The eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula is mountainous.

On the northern coast of Canada, a low-lying strip stretches along the Mackenzie River, which extends far into the interior of the mainland.

Between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains there is a plain, up to 400 m high. Lakes are located on it:

• Manitoba,
• Winnipeg,
• Winnipegosis.

On the second stage of the plain, the Coto de Missouri plateau was formed, up to 1000 m high. Closer to the southern border of the country there are wooded and cypress mountains with flat tops, whose height is 1000-1100 m.

The northern part of Canada lies within the subarctic climate zone, the rest of the territory in a temperate continental quite mild climate. For the winter period, temperatures range in the north from -35 degrees to +4 in the south of the Pacific coast.

In the south of the country average temperature July +21 degrees, and in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from -4 degrees in the north to +4 degrees in the south.

Outside the Arctic Circle, the amplitude is constantly kept below zero. Each region of the country is characterized by its individual climate.

The Atlantic Ocean in the south-east of the country somewhat softens the winter and at the same time brings heavy precipitation in the form of snowfalls. Summer period it is longer here than in other areas, but it is not hot here. Atmospheric pressure changes frequently and dramatically.

West of the Rocky Mountains on the Pacific coast, the climate is milder and more temperate. Winters in the west are very wet, summers are moderate in the south and cooler in the north. The Rocky Mountains prevent this climate from spreading inland.

The cold Labrador Current, which runs along the Canadian coast, contributes to the formation of the climate of the Atlantic coast.

Natural resources of Canada

A diverse tectonic structure and a large area provided a wealth of mineral resources.

The country has on its territory precious metals, iron ore, hydrocarbons, coal, asbestos, potash salts, non-ferrous metal ores, uranium, etc.

Coal deposits are located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, in the province of Alberta, in the Appalachians, in the coastal provinces.

Iron ores occur in the Lake Superior basin and on the Labrador Peninsula. In the region of Lakes Huron and Athabasca there are reserves of uranium ore, in the province of Quebec and British Columbia there are large reserves of asbestos.

Plain territories are rich in minerals of sedimentary origin - hydrocarbons, potassium salts.

The western provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Columbia became the main areas of oil production. The fuel and energy complex of the country is very developed.

Coal mining has grown since the second half of the 20th century. The reason was the discovery and development of deposits in the western provinces of the country. Coal is exported mainly to Japan.

The wealth of mineral resources enables Canada to be the largest supplier of minerals to the developed capitalist countries and, above all, to the USA.

About 45% of Canada's territory is occupied by forests; in terms of timber reserves, the country ranks 3rd. Large stocks of timber were the basis for the development of the timber and pulp and paper industries.

In the natural potential, a special place belongs to water resources, in terms of the reserves of which, after Brazil and Russia, it is also in 3rd place.

The most common in Canada are infertile podzolic soils, characteristic of the northern regions of the country. In areas with summer precipitation, fertile chernozem soils are formed. In areas with precipitation of at least 360 mm, chestnut soils were formed. Grayish soils are common in arid areas.

The area is 9.97 million km2. Population - 33.3 million people

State in the composition. Commonwealth - ten provinces and three territories. Capital -. Ottawa

EGP

. Canada belongs to the highly developed countries and ranks seventh in terms of industrial production among the most developed countries in the world

Canada is located in the northern part. North. America and occupies 2/5 of its territory. In terms of area, it is the second country in the world after. Russia. It is washed by the waters of three oceans: Northern. Arctic in the north and. Quiet in the west and. The Atlantic in the east has an extremely long maritime border, which is almost 120 thousand km. Highest value for the formation of economic ties has a coast. Atlantic Ocean and in particular the estuary of the river. Saint. Lawrence. In the West. Canada is washed by the waters. Pacific Ocean. The production potential of this region is growing every year due to the development of external relations and with. USA and countries. Eastern. Asia. Asia.

Canada has a land border only with. USA. The direct neighborhood with this country has influenced the fact that they are interconnected and complement each other. The US is the main trading partner. Canada, what does. EGP. P. Canada is relatively beneficial to them.

Population

Today the population. 1/3 of Canada is formed by immigrants. Natural population growth - 6 per 1000 people

The average life expectancy is over 77 years. More than 10% of the population is over 65 years old, and their proportion continues to grow

modern population. Canada was formed mainly from immigrants - immigrants from European countries. Indigenous people - Indians (1 million people) and Eskimos (50 thousand people) had very little influence on the formation. Canadian Coy nation. basis of the population. Canada is made up of Anglo Canadians (about 58% of the country's population) and French Canadians (31% of the population). A large number of immigrants from Germany,. Italy, Ukraine. State languages- English and French French Canadians inhabiting the province. Quebec and from time to time put forward demands for the creation of a French-Canadian state Ukrainian make up 10% of the population of the province. Manitoba and 8% -. Saskacheva n (only about 1 million people).

The average population density in. Canada is one of the lowest in the world - a little more than three people per 1 km2. In the river valley. Saint. Lawrence and on the inter-zero plain it reaches 160 people per 1 km2. In the north, because of the badlands, there are two people for every 100 km2. Two-thirds of the population is concentrated in the lakeside parts, and 90% lives in the strip adjacent to the border with. USA.

The level of urbanization is 80%. The process of suburbanization is intensively developing. Today it is the great administrative, financial, commercial, transport, scientific and cultural centers of the country. Toronto,. Montreal,. Ottawa,. Vancouver. Edmonton,. Calgary. Winnipeg.

About 75% of the country's population is employed in the service sector

Natural conditions and resources

By diversity and total reserves of mineral resources. Canada occupies one of the leading places in the world. In its bowels there are large deposits of energy, ore and non-metallic minerals zokre rema, it ranks fifth in the world in terms of coal reserves, has significant deposits of oil and gas. Significant deposits of these types of hydrocarbon fuels have been discovered in the foothills. Cordillera. Canada is rich in uranium ores, which make up 2/5 of their reserves in developed countries mirvita.

On the territory of the state there are significant deposits of ore minerals; which are concentrated both within the Canadian crystalline shield and in the mountains. Cordillera. Particularly significant are the reserves of iron ores and various non-ferrous metal ores (especially nickel, polymetallic ores, copper, titanium, and other non-ferrous metals).

. Canada has the world's largest reserves of non-metallic minerals, namely potassium salts, which is an important prerequisite for the production of potash fertilizers here. Canada has significant deposits of a variety of building materials

In general, the territory of the country is still insufficiently developed, and its subsoil, especially in the northern regions, has been poorly explored. Recently, the state has been investing heavily in the economic development of the northern territories.

Canada has vast water resources spanning. Great lakes and rivers. St. Lawrence,. Mackenzie. Yukon,. Nelson. There are significant reserves of fresh water in the central and especially in northern regions. Canada, where there are many freshwater lakes and full-flowing rivers. But the poor development of these regions does not contribute to the use of the resources available here. water resources. There are many mountain rivers in Canada, so there are large reserves of hydroresources.

Approximately half (43%) of the territory. Canada is covered with forests, most of which are located in areas accessible for development. In terms of forest reserves (about 20% of the world). Canada ranks third in the world n after. Russia and. Brazil.

Variety of natural conditions. Canada is defined by its geographic location. Territory. Canada stretches from south to north for 4600 km and is located in the temperate, subarctic and arctic zones. C. From east to west, it stretches for 5200 km and is located in six time zones. Territory. Canada covers many islands and peninsulas that are still little developed and are characterized by extreme climates. climatic conditions. The main elements of the relief are. Appalachian mountains. Cordillera and located between them. Laurentian Upland with adjacent lowlands.

Only the southern regions. Canada has favorable soil and climatic conditions for development Agriculture. hinders this development. The Great Plains have insufficient rainfall (250-500 mm per year). For the most part. Canadian soils are podzolic, in the south - gray forest, chernozem and chestnut 15% of the country's territory is suitable for cultivation. Almost 70 million hectares are used in agriculture.