Electric heating of a private house: types of heating, which electric boiler to choose. How to make electric heating economical How to make electric water heating

Most have an impressive area and due to the fact that Russia is a non-resort country in which all year round summer reigns, this very area needs to be somehow heated in winter period... For these purposes, there is a whole arsenal of variety, but due to the large volumes, many options are very expensive. If you approach this issue correctly, it turns out that electricity is the most economical way.

Read in the article

Types of electric heating of a private house

Heating by electricity can be divided into several categories: point, general, combined. Below, the varieties and principles of operation of electrical appliances of this kind are described in detail.

Spot heating with heaters

The domestic market can offer huge assortment in the segment. The pricing policy will allow you to choose models of both economy class and premium units. In order not to get confused in the options, they are divided into subgroups:

• . Based on the work of needle or x-shaped heating elements.

• . They have a lot of advantages that provide comfort during their operation. The excellent guided heat dissipation generated by the infrared emitter will be able to fully warm you not only indoors, but also outdoors.

The design is a concave aluminum reflector with a special heat-repellent coating that concentrates and directs all heat energy in a certain direction. There are models that have a moving base that provides heating at 90, 180 or 360 degrees.

Description of popular models and systems for heating

To fully determine the most profitable models, you need to analyze a whole ton of material on characteristics and performance indicators. Of course, on the Internet there are a large number of TOPs describing the most popular models of heaters in their segment (here is one of best TOP 10 electric heaters), but in reality the choice can be limited. This is done according to the following criteria:

• Required power;
• Installation method;
• Safety protection class;
• Required additional functions;
• Body dimensions;
• Design;
• The size of the budget for the purchase;

Having compiled a list, you can easily choose the appropriate option.

Review of electric boilers for heating private houses: prices for the most popular models

Here is a list of the most popular manufacturers that have distinguished themselves by excellent quality and excellent performance. Heating in a private house with an electric boiler (cost in the table below) is considered an alternative in the absence of a gas main.

Electric boilers table

Image	Manufacturer	Number of contours		power, kWt	Area, m2	price, rub.
	EVAN-C1-3	one		3	25	7 500
	RUSNIT 204	one		4	30	9 600
	Ferroli Zews (Zeus) 6	two		6	60	29 500
	Protherm SKAT 9KR	two		9	90	31 000
	Wespe Heizung WH. Foreman 8	one		8	80	15 000
	Zota - Econom 7.5	one		7.5	70	10 000
	Vaillant eloBLOCK VE 6		two	6	65	33 000

Heating the house with electricity. The most economical way for you

All explanations about savings will be considered using an example that has an area of ​​100 m2.

1. Calculation of the volume of the room. Having 100 squares, they need to be multiplied by the ceiling height, for example, 2.7 meters, you get 270 m3. This building has an average degree of insulation, which means that it is necessary to add another 10 percent to the capacity. Collecting the parameters in a heap, the following result is obtained (270/20) + 10% = 15 kW
2. Equipment purchase. Pipes, taps, fittings, and other nonsense will cost about 30,000 rubles. As for the boiler, assuming that there is no 380V in the house, it is recommended to purchase two electrode boilers with a capacity of 7 kW each. The cost of one is on average 15,000 rubles.
3. Management of the entire system. You will have to buy an electronic controller with a full minced meat. Scheduling the operation of boilers for a week in advance, a boiler depending on the weather outside and many other necessary functions. The cost of this miracle of technology is about 10,000 rubles.
4. Installation costs. Depending on the region of residence, the cost varies, but on average it is 30 percent of the cost of the entire system.
5. Additional, but not mandatory, power supply. Solar panels, the power of which is 3 kW, will cost you 80,000 rubles.

What happened in the end? total amount costs without solar panels 70,000 rubles. The power consumption is 14 kW / h, for a day of operation of two boilers at an outdoor temperature of -10, the consumption will be about 90 kW / day. The cost of a kilowatt of light is 5.38 rubles, which means 90x5.38x30 = 14,526 rubles per month. If you count with the established solar panels, then the amount of expenses will become 11,500 rubles.

This is one of hundreds of options that you decide to choose.

Note! To understand how to economically heat a house with electricity, you need to know some tricks. One of them is the installation of a three-tariff meter.

Overview of the latest solutions in electrical heating systems

It can be immediately noted that all the latest developments are very expensive, but they have a good tendency, they quickly pay off.

• Solar collectors that heat the water. Such panels are placed on the roofs of houses with sunny side... They show themselves very effectively in sunny regions. They have a fairly high efficiency and the maximum level of environmental friendliness. And the disadvantage is the impossibility of operation in the dark. In most cases they are set as.

For the organization of individual electric heating, you can use a wide variety of devices and devices. Here is an overview of the general benefits of electrically powered systems, as well as the most important information on the existing options for electrical heating. Having studied the information provided, you can choose the most suitable devices for you and organize the most efficient and profitable heating.

To understand all the advantages of electric heating, you need to compare it with other existing heating options for a private house. For example, what needs to be done to install a gas heating system? At the very least, spend a fairly serious amount on the purchase of the necessary units and set aside several weeks to bypass various authorities and obtain the required permits.

Electric heating does not require any prior approval. You just need to buy equipment, install it yourself or with the help of installers and connect it to the network. All work takes a day, rarely two.

Under any circumstances, you will spend less money than for the arrangement of the boiler room, the laying of gas pipelines and the purchase of a boiler.

Electric heaters do not need a separate boiler room. Warm floors, convectors, fan heaters, infrared heaters - all this is installed in a convenient place, placed under the floor screed or hung on the walls.

Gas heating is potentially hazardous. If connected and used incorrectly, the boiler can poison the residents of the house or even explode. Electric heaters are completely safe, you just need to follow basic precautions.

Electrical installations are much more reliable than district heating systems. By rejecting central heating, the home owner frees himself from not the most profitable and convenient cooperation with public utilities.

Electric heating does not force its owner to allocate a separate place for storing fuel and constantly think about the need for regular replenishment of fuel supplies.

The question of the economic benefits of heating a house with electricity deserves special attention. Previously, it was believed that electric heating is the most expensive option for individual heating. And this statement was absolutely correct. Today the situation has changed dramatically.

1. First, the home owner can install a multi-tariff meter. In most regions of the country, electricity is charged differently day and night. Thanks to such a meter, heating costs can be reduced significantly.
2. Secondly, the system can be equipped with heat storage accumulators. Such devices are connected to the network at night, when electricity is as cheap as possible. When connected to the mains, the internal elements of such storage devices, made of high tech magnesite, accumulate heat, and after disconnecting from the mains, they return the accumulated electricity to the house.

A compact sensor is responsible for the correct operation of the drive. It also helps to regulate the temperature in the premises and allows you to maintain a comfortable microclimate. The drives are completely safe and are sold at a relatively affordable cost. You will, of course, have to spend more money on the installation of a heating system, but all costs will pay off very quickly, because the considered devices can reduce the cost of electricity up to 5-7 times.

The most popular option for electrical heating is special infrared installations. Such devices work according to a special principle, which favorably differs from the order of operation of other existing heating systems.

If classical heating, regardless of what exactly it uses as fuel, first heats the air, and then it gives the temperature to the surrounding objects and people, then the infrared heater will immediately give heat to the objects located in the zone of its action.

There are stationary heaters and special infrared films that can be conveniently fixed in any desired place.

The installation procedure for such heating is extremely simple.

First step. Unpack the infrared heater.

Second step. Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

Third step. Install the heater in the desired location if it is a stationary model or fix the film on the selected surface if it is a film heater. During installation, refer to the safety recommendations provided in the instructions for the selected equipment.

Films usually have an adhesive back, which allows them to be fixed without much effort. If not, check the mounting recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions.

Fourth step. Connect the equipment to the mains.

The most popular option for electric heating of a private house is based on the use of a floor heating system. Such heating can be organized in any room of the house, even in the bathroom.

If you wish, you can opt for a "smart" model of electric underfloor heating. Special sensors and other automation tools will allow the system to determine the room temperature and independently change the power to ensure the most comfortable conditions. Installation of such heating is carried out in several stages.

First stage. Thoroughly clean and level the base with a concrete screed.

Second phase. Lay insulation and waterproofing material on the dried base.

Stage three. Lay the underfloor heating structure. There are several modifications. The instructions for your chosen system will include optimal scheme styling.

Stage four. Install the thermostat and other related items, and then connect the underfloor heating to the mentioned electronics. Manufacturers give recommendations for the placement of all mechanisms, as well as their connection with each other in the instructions for their products.

Fifth stage. Pour the concrete screed and wait for it to dry.

Sixth stage. Place the selected topcoat on the dry screed.

No less popular units for electric heating of a private house are convectors with their many modifications in the form of heat curtains, "guns" and fan heaters.

Heat curtains are not used in residential premises. They are usually placed above doorways... At the moment of opening the door, the curtain automatically turns on and does not allow cold air to enter the room.

For installation, it is enough to fix the device above the doorway and connect it to the network. Depending on the features of a particular design, the order of its connection may have individual characteristics. Therefore, be sure to study in detail the instructions for the curtain you purchased.

In private houses, they are also used very rarely, except for heating basements. They work according to an extremely simple principle: the unit is connected to the mains, the built-in fan starts to pump air, which passes through the built-in heating element and evenly heats the surrounding space. No special installation measures are required, it all comes down to connecting the unit to the network.

Electric heaters usually used as additional heat sources. In rooms of a small area, they can be used as the only and main heating. The built-in regulator allows you to easily set the required fan power and provide a comfortable indoor climate.

Modern models are devoid of the main drawback of their predecessors - fan heaters no longer dry the air. An additional advantage of such heaters is the ease of connection and use - the device is simply placed in a convenient place, connected to the network and set to the required power.

An excellent option for an electric heating device is to use electric oil heaters... They have an attractive design and blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Typically, such heaters are mounted under the window opening instead of the standard battery, or they are placed on the side of the doorway.

Installation is extremely simple.

First stage. Add marks to install the mounts. There are special elements on the casing of the oil heater with which it will be hung on the fasteners. Attach the heater housing to the installation site and mark these canopies.

Second phase. Drill holes in the wall according to the markings.

Stage three. Fasten the fasteners in the prepared holes. Hooks for hanging heaters are usually supplied from the factory. Otherwise, you will have to purchase these items from a hardware store.

Stage four. Connect the electric oil heater to the network and set it to the desired operating mode. Modern models can be equipped with sensors, thanks to which the heating power will be set automatically. If your model can also work in combination with such sensors, install them according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Not only an efficient heating source, but also an excellent design solution will become electric fireplaces... There are models that work in constant mode and "smart" modifications. The latter are equipped with special sensors capable of responding to changes in room temperature and equalizing it to a comfortable level.

Installation of electric fireplaces is carried out in a manner similar to the installation of previously discussed electric oil heaters.

There are several types of electric fireplaces, namely:

• classic models. The design of such units is maximally similar to the design of traditional "wood-burning" fireplaces. The decoration of such devices is usually carried out using wood, stone and other natural materials;
• units of the economy segment. A budget option with a minimum of settings and functions. They usually have a small heating radius and are suitable for use in small spaces;
• devices in a modern style. They are made of expensive and high quality metals. High-tech fireplaces are equipped with functional automation. Fits perfectly into the interior and contributes to the creation of the most comfortable microclimate;
• inserts. Designed more for decoration of premises, and not for heating. Although they cope with the heating function very well. Usually built into plasterboard walls. Finished construction looks impressive, stylish and presentable.

Conclusions about electric heating

Thus, to date, statements about the high cost of electric heating have completely ceased to be relevant. There is some strong evidence of this:

• electric heaters are compact in size. Their work does not require the laying of additional pipelines, the arrangement of boiler rooms, the organization of places for storing fuel, etc.;
• electric heating can be installed and configured independently, without the involvement of third-party specialists and additional costs;
• the work of electrical systems can be fully automated;
• heaters do not make noise and do not emit substances harmful to humans during operation.

Thus, with the help of modern devices, it is possible to equip the most efficient and comfortable electric heating of a private house. At the same time, all stages of the installation of systems are carried out without any difficulty with their own hands. It is enough just to study the manufacturer's instructions and do not forget the recommendations received.

Happy work!

Video - DIY electric heating of a private house

On the modern market, there are a wide variety of electric heating systems for the home, ranging from the usual boilers for water heating to infrared ceiling and wall devices.

In our article we will try to understand the features of the most common systems, as well as analyze their pros and cons.

Electric boilers for heating houses

Design features and principle of operation

The easiest way to use electricity to heat a room is to heat the water c. These units are used almost everywhere, and very often they are installed as a replacement for solid fuel furnaces or gas heaters that have exhausted their life.

According to the design of the main elements, electric boilers are divided into three broad categories:

• Heating elements- boilers in which a tubular electric heater is responsible for heating the coolant in a large internal tank. In modern devices of this type, batteries are installed from heating elements with a capacity of 0.5 to 3 kW, so that the total power of the installation can reach 20 kW. The boiler is operating in automatic mode, since upon reaching the right temperature heating simply stops.
• - more complex and therefore more expensive. In an electrode boiler, water is heated by passing through it electric current... In this case, an important factor that determines the efficiency of such a heater will be the quality of the water, because it must have a certain electrical resistance.

• Induction- work on the same principle as hobs, recently widely used in our kitchens. Their work is based on the principle of magnetic induction: when an electric current is applied to a magnetic coil with a core, the movement of particles is accelerated, and electrical energy is converted into heat.

Boilers of all three types heat the room according to the same principle: first, the heating medium is heated, and then it moves through the pipes to the radiators installed in the house. Such a heating system is rather ineffective, because a significant part of the electricity used to heat the water is lost before reaching the destination.

Advice! To ensure the fastest possible movement of the coolant through the system, and therefore to reduce heat loss, experts recommend installing circulation pump... Although it also requires electricity to power the pump, the benefits are clear.

Disadvantages of traditional solutions

So, maybe not look for alternative electric heating systems, but limit yourself to using traditional boilers - after all, they warm up the house quite quickly, and their price is not very high?

Alas, this system has a number of disadvantages:

• Firstly, in any case, you have to do piping to deliver the coolant to the heated rooms. And this not only spoils appearance rooms, but also leads to heat loss. Until the water reaches the back room, it will have time to cool down a little, so we do not always heat the rooms that we need.
• Secondly, the use of wall-mounted radiators leads to an uneven distribution of heat - hot air rises up the walls, and the floor remains cold for a long time.
• Well, and most importantly, for the operation of such an installation, a very high-quality electrical wiring is required, and in many cases the boiler can only be installed in a three-phase network (with a voltage of 380V).

As you can see, such an electric heating system is imperfect, and if possible, why not consider other options?

Convection systems

Using electric convectors for heating

Many of us already have experience in using electric convectors, since this type of device is actively used for additional heating in the cold season. And if at work they save money on heating the batteries, then, most likely, in every second office (despite the strictest prohibition, of course!) Such a device will be installed under the table.

Exactly the same devices are used by a convector electric heating system:

• A convector is a device in which a heating element acts as a heating element, converting electricity into thermal energy. In addition to heating elements, spirals can also be used in convectors.
• Heat from the heating element is transferred to the heater body, and from it rises up. Cool air enters the lower part of the system, thus ensuring continuous circulation and even distribution heat.
• Most models' cases are made of metal or cermet, which provides the most efficient heat dissipation.

Note! You should not use convectors with removed casings, as this is a violation of the rules fire safety.

• The degree of heating is controlled by a temperature sensor: you can set a comfortable temperature, and when it is reached, the convector will simply turn off, saving energy.
• By design, a distinction is made between floor convectors, which are mounted in special recesses in the area of ​​the baseboard, and wall convectors. In addition, mobile devices can be used for heating, installing them where heat is most needed.

It is very easy to calculate the required power of such a heating system: to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house, even in the coldest season, 1 kW per 10 square meters of heated area is enough.

System advantages

When compared with a hot water heating system based on electric boiler, then electric convectors have the following advantages:

• The size of the devices is very compact, and the cases of most models have an attractive modern design.
• To connect the heaters, a separate multicore cable is not required, since ordinary wiring is sufficient. Naturally, piping is not needed in this case either.
• The devices are easy to install, connect and dismantle. If you want, then in the warm season you can remove all heaters from the room altogether.

Infrared heaters

How it works

As an alternative to converter devices, many experts suggest using infrared heaters. What are the features of devices of this type:

• The basis of the IR heater is a film or tubular element, which, under the influence of an electric current, generates active radiation in the infrared range.
• In this case, the energy emanating from the device is not transferred to the air, as is the case with radiators and convectors, but directly to the objects that are in the room.
• This heating method minimizes heat loss, because the room itself heats up first, and only then the walls and floor give off heat to the air.
• The efficiency of these devices is in the range of 95-98%, so that infrared heating can be considered one of the most economical.

Infrared heating is widely used. Most often, ceiling and wall heating panels are used, as well as IR films. The film can be mounted both under floor covering and on the ceiling, thereby ensuring the comprehensive maintenance of a comfortable microclimate.

What are the benefits of IR heating

The growing popularity that home heating systems using infrared panels are gaining is due to a number of advantages:

• First, as we noted earlier, infrared heating is efficient in terms of electricity consumption. High efficiency allows you to actively use heating devices without worrying about colossal energy bills.
• Secondly, the use of these devices is completely safe, and in addition, they do not worsen the indoor climate. The amount of oxygen in the air does not decrease, and its humidity remains at an optimal level.
• A significant advantage of IR panels is their fairly simple do-it-yourself installation. Film infrared heating systems are installed a little more difficult than panel ones, but there is a video instruction for them on our website.

Alternative energy sources

Geo- and hydrothermal heating

Along with the technologies we are used to today, alternative heating electrical systems for the home are increasingly used. And one example of such use is geothermal heating.

• Geothermal heating involves the use of a heat pump - a special device that takes heat from the external environment and transfers it to the room.
• The main advantage of using heat pumps is their efficiency: for each kilowatt of energy consumed, the pump can generate up to 5 kW of heat.
• At the same time, the pump operates without any emissions, and maintenance requires every few years.

• Ground source heat pumps use energy crust: placed in wells, the pipelines of these pumps transmit up to 100W from each running meter.
• Somewhat less efficient are hydrothermal installations, which draw heat from non-freezing reservoirs. The efficiency of the pipeline laid along the bottom is 39W / running meter.

The use of solar energy

When talking about electric heating systems using unconventional heat sources, one cannot fail to mention solar energy. Today it is possible to realize both 100% solar heating and a hybrid system.

• With all-solar heating, the main source of heat is water heaters or solar panels.
• In the warm season, excess energy can be utilized. They can be spent on heating greenhouses, outdoor lighting, heating water in outdoor pool etc.

Note! 100% solar system can be implemented only in the southern regions. IN middle lane The use of hybrid variants is preferred in Russia.

• In a hybrid system, some of the heat comes from solar panels and some from ground source heat pumps.
• In this case, the geothermal circuit acts as a heat accumulator, which accumulates energy and gives it back as needed.

There are many alternatives to traditional heating methods, and therefore, when planning the reconstruction of a house or apartment, carefully study all the options available on the market. Who knows - maybe, in your case, the best solution would be an exotic electric heating system for our latitudes, which will allow you to heat your house without consuming electricity from the network!

When choosing a heating system for own home the hosts are definitely first of all considering installing gas boiler, since this type of heating is by far the most economical. But here's the problem - the gas supply pipelines have not yet reached all settlements, or it happens that the gas supply to the house is unaffordable in terms of financial capabilities and due to the mass of preparatory and conciliatory procedures. Heating on solid or liquid fuels is not always convenient - it requires a special ability to handle stoves or boilers, compliance with increased fire safety requirements, structures in accordance with all the rules of the chimney system in order to exclude poisoning by combustion products. And, besides, in some regions of our country, not rich in forests, the supply of firewood or coal can be a problem.

In this case, electric heating of a private house becomes the most relevant. Surely, many people immediately have associations with oil-filled electric radiators or reflectors, which are neither particularly efficient nor economical. Of course, with this approach, with current electricity prices, heating will cost a lot of money. However, not everything is so simple. There are many ways to use electricity to heat a home, and some of them may well compete with gas systems.

The publication will consider the existing possibilities of organizing electric heating of a private house. Read, draw conclusions so that you can make a decision in favor of one or another option.

Just a few words about those electric ones that are known to everyone, probably from childhood:

• Heating reflectors, usually with one or more coils, housed in transparent quartz glass tubes. Such devices create a directed flow of thermal energy, but they are only capable of heating either very small rooms, or a very limited area of ​​the room. At the same time, they cannot be called economical in any way - usually they do not provide for any automatic adjustments, except for changing the set level of heating of the spiral.

Fan heater - not even considered as heating

• - drive the air flow through the heat exchanger (most often an open nichrome spiral acts in this capacity). The heated air flow can only increase comfort in a certain area and for a very short time. What can be very good for a small office, in a residential environment country house will not give an effect. In addition, the long-term operation of such a device burns out quite strongly, dries the air in closed room... Some modern models work on the principle of mixing air from the outside, but all the same, it is impossible to consider such devices as home heating.

Oil radiator - good only for additional local heating

• - these are heavy-weight heaters with a pronounced ribbed shape, similar to classic cast iron batteries. They can be mobile (many even have a wheel travel to facilitate their movement around the room), or installed permanently.

Such radiators are capable of heating up to very high temperatures and giving off energy in the form of direct heat radiation and the creation of convection flows. Their ribbed shape significantly increases the area of ​​active heat transfer.

Oil radiators usually have a stepped or smooth regulation of the heating medium heating temperature, have good thermal inertness - even after switching off they are able to stay warm for a rather long time. However, their efficiency is low, and such devices are usually used as additional heating, to help the main one when the need arises. It will be simply unprofitable to build the entire heating system, relying on oil radiators.

Prices for popular models of electric heaters

Electric heaters

Water heating system with electric boiler

The organization is described in great detail in the corresponding publication of our portal.

The main feature of such a system under the conditions considered in this article is that the heat transfer fluid receives heating only from an electric boiler. This leads to several parameters characteristic of it:

• Such a system should be designed exclusively for forced circulation. The reason is simple - the arrangement of the circuit for natural circulation will lead to significant losses of power, heat exchange rate, uneven heating of the premises, and as a result - all this will certainly affect the unnecessary consumption of expensive electricity. The consumption of the pump cannot be compared with these losses.
• For the same reason - to avoid absolutely unnecessary losses, systems with electric boilers are never made in an open type, that is, an expansion membrane tank with the appropriate security group.

Now - in more detail about the types of heating electric boilers.

Boilers with heating elements

These installations use the usual principle of resistive heating of a metal conductor during the passage of an electric current (direct analogy with electric stoves, irons, incandescent bulbs, etc.), however, given that the heating elements are in contact with a liquid heat carrier, they are dressed in reliable insulation and moisture-proof frame. All this undoubtedly affects rather large energy losses, insufficiently high efficiency of such devices (usually around 80%). To ensure proper heating of the constantly circulating coolant, it is necessary to either sharply increase the power of the heating element, or increase their number, which reduces the overall efficiency of the heating system.

The layout of boilers is different - from the usual rectangular shapes with controls on the front panel to cylinders with heating elements located inside and with a control unit placed in a separate box.

Designers are constantly improving their products, equipping them with automatics that maintain the required heating level, stepwise turn on the heating elements as needed, turn off the power when the required temperature is reached. But nevertheless, such boilers are among the most uneconomical, and their installation as the main heat generator will not be justified even low price such devices.

Electrode boilers

Of all the electric boilers, these are probably the most controversial. At one time they were presented as practically uncontested option in terms of performance and economy. However, a stream of critical comments on their work soon followed.

Their principle of operation is completely different. The coolant is not just water, but brought to the state of an electrolyte - a conductive liquid. Frequency fluctuations of the alternating network (50 Hz) cause the corresponding fluctuations of the electrolyte ions, which gives it a quick warming up.

The advantages of such boilers are as follows:

• They are small in size and do not differ in large mass, with a sufficiently high heating power.

This allows, for example, to combine their use by installing a kind of "batteries" of several small boilers, which can be included in the system as needed.

• Such boilers are completely insensitive to mains voltage surges within a fairly wide range (± 15 ÷ 20%). For their work greater importance has AC frequency stability.
• They have fast heating and good efficiency (according to the manufacturer's assurances - 20% more economical than heating elements-boilers), while their cost is low. The declared efficiency of such a device is up to 98%.
• If the boiler is tied with metal pipes, then this expands the zone of ionization of the coolant and gives a tangible increase in the performance of the system.
• From the point of view of fire safety - such a boiler, in principle, cannot overheat, if suddenly there is no coolant in the pipes - it simply will not turn on.

However, a lot of criticism can be heard about such boilers:

• There are special requirements for cleanliness and certain chemical composition electrolyte-heat carrier. In the event of non-compliance with such requirements, all the advantages of the boiler are simply lost.
• - one of the characteristic features T tons of such equipment. The intensity of heating is very dependent on both the chemical composition and the temperature of the electrolyte, since when it changes in any direction, the electrical conductivity indicators also change.
• Such a system is very difficult to adjust and automate the heating process.
• Regular cleaning of the entire heating system is required, since it will have a tendency to salt overgrowth of the pipe cavities.
• At least once a year, the heat exchanger of the boiler itself must be cleaned and the chemical composition of the coolant must be corrected.
• Installation and operation of such equipment is impossible if the electrical network of the house is not equipped with a reliable ground loop.

Inductive boilers

These boilers are often considered the most advanced of all electric boilers. Their principle of operation is strikingly different from those described above. To understand it, one can recall a school course in physics, and specifically - the work of an electric transformer.

If you do not go into details, then in short it looks like this. If an alternating electric current passes through one conductor (primary winding), then a voltage is induced in the other, located in the formed electromagnetic field (secondary winding). When the circuit of the secondary winding is closed, alternating current also begins to flow through it, which causes resistive heating of the conductor.

• This principle is used in induction boilers type SAV.

The coil of the primary winding is hermetically located in the housing, which does not come into contact with the liquid anywhere. But in the role of a secondary closed winding is an internal labyrinth system of pipes through which the coolant is pumped. Heating occurs very quickly and evenly, there is no energy loss, so the efficiency of such boilers is close to 100%.

The efficiency of the boiler also increases the physical principle of self-induction - currents passing through a closed secondary circuit generate the so-called reactive additional power, and its values ​​are very weighty.

Usually boilers of this type are massive metal cylinders of various diameters and heights. So, the smallest boiler in this "line" - SAV -2.5, has a diameter of 120 mm, a height of 450, and at the same time weighs 23 kg. Its power (2.5 kW) will be enough to heat a room with an area of ​​up to 30 m².

Installation of such a device is not difficult, since there are threaded nozzles for inserting it into the system, a control unit for connecting to the mains.

• Induction roofs are arranged and work somewhat differently. WIH(vortex induction heaters).

The mains supply voltage is pre-converted into high-frequency, which gives a rapid increase in tension electromagnetic field and, accordingly, the strength of the currents generated by it. But there is no secondary winding in this circuit - its role is played by all metal surfaces of the boiler, which are made of alloys with pronounced ferromagnetic properties. The induced surface Foucault eddy currents cause the effect magnetization reversal, which is always accompanied by an almost instantaneous and very strong heating of ferromagnetic materials. It turns out that almost all massive parts of the device participate in heat exchange, which determines its highest efficiency (efficiency - 99%).

Boilers WIH quite heavy: the smallest of them, with a power of 3 kW, weighs 30 kg with a relatively small size - a cylinder diameter of 122 mm and a height of 620 mm. Such a "kid" will cope with heating 40 m². If you wish, you can purchase a more powerful device (the product line is wide enough) or install a "battery" of several VIN-boilers, which will give additional advantages when operating the heating system.

"Battery" of six boilers VIN

Summing up the induction-based boilers - briefly about their main advantages:

• In such heaters there is no formation of scale or salt deposits - the work is accompanied by high-frequency micro-vibrations, which do not allow deposits to settle on the walls. The efficiency of the device does not decrease in the course of even very long-term operation.
• Any liquid can be used as a coolant - there are no special requirements for its chemical composition.
• There are practically no vulnerable nodes in the design of boilers - there is no contact of the coolant with the electrical part. There is simply nothing to break in them and their service life is limited only by the condition of the welded seams, and this is tens of years.
• Warming up is very fast, and electronic control units make it easy to fine-tune the heating system. However, induction boilers- the most "safe" in terms of fire and electrical safety.
• Both calculations and results practical application show energy savings with the use of such boilers up to 35 ÷ 40%, when compared with cats of similar power, working on a different principle (or heating elements).

Among the shortcomings, the following can be noted:

• Some owners complain about a slight vibration noise during their operation.
• The boilers are very heavy and require special attention for wall mounting.
• The equipment is quite expensive - even the smallest induction boilers cost about 30 thousand rubles. However, this should quickly pay off with the efficiency of energy consumption.

To finish the topic with the water cooling system from an electric boiler - another important note. Whichever unit is standing, it will be possible to talk about profitability only if the house has good thermal insulation and modern heating radiators with their own thermostats are installed. Old cast-iron batteries in this situation will simply ruin the owner.

Video: how to choose the right electric heating boiler

Prices for a range of heating boilers

Heating boilers

Electric convectors

The organization of a water heating system is always a large-scale work on laying pipelines, inserting batteries, installing circulation pumps, special safety devices and much more. Is it possible to do without all this if you plan to heat the house using electricity? Yes, installation of electric convectors will help to avoid such problems.

Outwardly, these devices most often resemble familiar heating radiators - they are installed vertically on walls or under window openings... Inside there are closed heating elements, which do not cause the effect of "drying out" of the air. The arrangement of the device is designed in such a way that cold air penetrates into it from below through the lattice bottom, receives heating from the heating elements and, leaving through the upper lattice, creates a stable convection ascending flow.

Such devices and devices use the principle of wave transmission of energy over a distance - you can draw a simplified analogy with sunlight... Specially selected materials of the emitters allow converting electrical energy into radiation, in the long-wave infrared range, invisible to human eyes. By themselves, the emitters heat up insignificantly, and infrared waves do not meet air resistance, but, falling on an opaque surface, are converted into thermal energy. Thus, it is not the air in the room that heats up, but all surfaces and objects that are in the path of propagation of the rays. But these surfaces, in turn, conduct heat exchange with the surrounding air. It warms up evenly and starts very quickly after turning on the power. This ensures an optimal temperature distribution, in contrast to convective systems.

Significant energy losses do not occur, which gives a high efficiency of such systems and their high efficiency.

Such heaters can be made in a suspended ceiling version, very similar to conventional daylight lamps. They are placed above the places where the most intense heating is required. They can also be portable, allowing you to direct the flow of energy into necessary time in necessary direction.

But the most convenient today are, probably, PLEH - radiant film electric heaters. They are produced in the form of durable film strips of various widths and lengths. The emitters themselves (usually a special carbon paste or bimetallic foil plates) are placed between the layers of transparent heat-resistant plastic, connected by conductive copper buses.

The film thickness is very small - no more than 0.4 mm. It is very easy to install in the right place - on ceilings, walls, attic roof slopes, etc., and can, if the owners wish, be closed finishing materials, which will not significantly reduce the efficiency of the room heating system.

The film heats up to a temperature not higher than 45 ÷ 50 ºС, and cannot cause burns or lead to a fire hazard. It is perfect for underfloor heating systems without using a screed - it can be placed under laminate, linoleum, parquet. Sometimes, simplifying the task for themselves, some owners simply cover such films with a carpet - for example, you can very quickly equip a particularly warm area for children's games.

PLEN is not afraid of dynamic loads, moisture ingress. Such heaters are easy to dismantle and move to another place - the main thing is not to damage it. Energy costs for such electric heating are considered the lowest of all existing types. Such a system is especially convenient for houses where the owners come periodically, for example, on weekends - as soon as the power is turned on, intensive heating of the necessary premises or areas begins immediately. In addition, many medical specialists assure of the special usefulness of such heaters, since they ionize the air to the extent necessary for human health and even eliminate unpleasant odors.

Video: the advantages of the PLEN-heating system

So, the main possibilities for organizing electric heating of a private house were considered. There are many advantages of this type of heating - absolute environmental friendliness, simplicity and accuracy in control, no need to create fuel reserves. Nevertheless, there is no reason to expect too high an economic effect - electricity is not cheap. That is why the requirements for the insulation of all elements of the building in this case should be increased.

It is not possible to carry main gas everywhere, but electricity is everywhere (almost). How and with what device it is possible to make electric heating of a private house, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method - all of this below.

Heating with electricity can be done in several ways. First of all, you should decide on the type of system that you want to implement. It will be traditional water heating, air or underfloor heating. All three systems can be used as a single heating method, or combined - any two or even all three. To be determined, you need to represent the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Water heating with electric boiler

Let's start with the merits. The most stable system, which, due to inertia, continues to maintain the temperature for some time after the boiler has stopped working. During operation, it dries the air to a minimum, it works almost silently. High maintainability. If you do not hide the heating pipes in the walls, they are always available for repair and replacement.

The disadvantages are as follows. A complex system from pipes and radiators requires a lot of time and money at the installation stage. Due to the inertia, it is impossible to quickly change the temperature - it will not be possible to quickly heat the room. If the system is shut down in winter, it can collapse - if the water freezes in the pipes, it will burst. For serious repairs, a complete shutdown and drainage of the coolant is required.

Air heating on electric heaters

Heating of this type can be quickly installed. All you need is to buy heaters, hang them up and plug them in. The air begins to heat up immediately after switching on. When the system is frozen, it remains operational - there is nothing to freeze. Heating elements are not connected with each other. Failure of one does not affect the performance of others in any way. It can be easily repaired.

Hang up the heaters - that's all you need

The disadvantages of air heating are as follows. First, when the heaters are turned off, the temperature drops rapidly. To ensure continuous operation, a backup power supply system is required. The second - due to direct contact with the heating elements, the air dries up, measures / devices are needed to humidify the air. Third, many air heaters have built-in fans, which increase efficiency, but they are noisy.

Underfloor heating on electrical elements

Electric underfloor heating is the youngest heating system. Of all those described above, it gives the most comfortable conditions- the highest temperature is obtained at the level of the legs, and in the region of the head it is average. Also, this system is inert - while the solid floor heats up / cools down, a significant period of time passes. For this reason, after switching off, the temperature remains for some time. The complexity of installation depends on the type of electric underfloor heating. There are systems that require screeds (electric heating cables and mats), there are those that are mounted on a flat rigid base without wet works (film floor heating) and can be used to heat laminate, linoleum, etc.

Electric heating of a private house with a warm floor also has disadvantages. The first is medium to low maintainability. There is no direct access to the heating system. You have to disassemble / break the floor. The second - the time and effort spent on the electric underfloor heating device cannot be called low. Systems requiring screeds are mounted for about a month (while the screed "matures" cannot be used), a warm floor for "dry" installation can be assembled in a day, but the cost of heating elements is quite high.

What type of heating with electricity is the best

As you can see, it will not work to say which type of electric heating is the best in the house. There is no ideal. It is necessary to proceed from the operating conditions:

The above is based on majority choice. This does not mean that it is impossible to make air electric heating of a private house in a house with permanent residence. You can, and they do. You just need to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages.

Electric boilers for hot water heating

One of the key positions in the installation of water heating at home is the boiler. Electric boilers are of three types:

They all heat water using electricity, but use different processes and technologies. Each of the types has advantages and disadvantages, which we will talk about in more detail.

Electric boilers TENovye

The working element in these heating boilers is an electrically tubular heater, abbreviated as a heating element. It is made of a material that generates heat when an electric current passes through it. This element is enclosed in an electrically insulating tube, the space between the heating element and the tube is filled with sand - for more efficient heat transfer from the heating coil to the body. The water in the boiler flows around the heating element, heating up from its walls.

As is clear from the description, an electric boiler of this type does not have a very high efficiency - there are too many losses during heat transfer. But boilers with heating elements are popular, due to the fact that they have a relatively low cost, heating elements are easily replaced. Another disadvantage of boilers of this type can be called large dimensions - you need a container for heating water,

In order for electric heating of a private house based on a boiler with heating elements to be economical, it must have the following functions:

Such models are expensive, but heating bills come in less, since at any given time there are as many heaters as needed to maintain the desired temperature. This is how savings are achieved.

There is one more point: the system must be of a closed type. The fact is that when water is heated, limescale forms on the surface of the heating elements, which significantly reduces the efficiency of water heating. In a closed-type system, a certain amount of water circulates and there is simply nowhere to "achieve" a raid. If the system is planned to be open, it will have to use water with a minimum amount of salts. Ideally distilled.

Induction electric boilers

It has long been noticed that an object falling into a magnetic field heats up. The operation of induction heating boilers is based on this phenomenon. It is essentially a large induction coil through which current is passed. Water flows through the induction field, heats up, enters the system.

Advantages of an induction boiler:

Among the disadvantages of these boilers is a higher price (in comparison with heating elements boilers of similar power). The second minus is that it is necessary to monitor the level of the coolant in the system. There is no way to control it automatically, therefore it requires constant checks... If it is not enough, the coil will overheat. If this state of affairs persists for some time, the body may even melt. This is one of the important points.

Otherwise, the reliability of this boiler is high - there is nothing to burn out, since the conductor through which the current flows does not heat up significantly. After all, the formation of heat occurs in the liquid.

Electrode heating boilers

These electric heating boilers use the phenomenon of electrolysis. When ions move to an electrode with a corresponding charge, heat is released. An alternating voltage Hz is supplied to the electrodes in this boiler. So the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second. As a result, the movement of ions, accompanied by the release of heat, does not stop and the heat is carried through the heating system.

Advantages of electrode boilers:

• The heat carrier is heated "from the inside", while the entire volume of liquid inside the boiler is heated. So the energy efficiency of such equipment is high, it takes less time to reach the set temperature. This leads to lower heating costs. This is what the manufacturers say, and the owners of these boilers confirm.
• Small size.
• Lack of coolant is not a problem. The equipment just won't work. Water will be added to the system, everything will work.
• Low cost.
• Simple installation.

These are all the real advantages of electrode heating boilers. The main advantage is that this equipment can be left to work unattended.

Disadvantages of this heating equipment:

The described disadvantages, rather, can be attributed to the features of operation. In general, electric heating of a private house with an electrode boiler suits many. All that is needed is to properly prepare the water (add salt) or fill in a special coolant.

A few words about the cost of electric boilers

If you look at the prices for electrical heating boilers, then heating elements really have a higher price tag, and electrode or induction ones - much less. But do not flatter yourself. In reality, the difference will not be so striking.

Under the casing of the heating element boiler, in addition to the tank for heating water and heating elements, there is also a circulation pump, a temperature sensor, a control device and expansion tank... That is, you don't need to buy anything extra.

The price tag for an electrode and induction boiler is only the boiler itself, sometimes complete with a control unit, and even then not always. Sometimes the controls need to be purchased separately. All other parts of the system that electric water heating of a private house needs - an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors - all these devices will have to be bought separately. That's for sure. Perhaps the amount spent as a result will be less than the cost of the heating element boiler, but the difference will clearly not be as large as it seems at first glance. And this must be remembered.

Heating a house with electric heaters

Electric heating of a private house can be done on the basis of electric heaters. It can be done based on:

What attracts most of all in the idea of ​​air electric heating of a private house is the absence of the need to build a complex and expensive system. All you need is sockets and sufficient dedicated power at home. Heating itself can be organized using a variety of devices.

Air convectors

By the method of installation, they are:

An air convector of any type has a similar structure: there is a heating element (TEN) with fins - for better heat transfer. The required temperature is set on the thermostat, which turns on / off the heater as needed. There are openings in the housing for better air circulation. The lower ones are for the intake of cold air, the upper ones are for the output of the heated one. In this case, circulation occurs naturally, but in this case the air moves slowly, also slowly spreading heat. For a more active set of temperatures, fans are built into some models, which speed up the process.

Three types - wall, ceiling, floor - practically do not require installation. For wall hooks, two hooks screwed into the wall are needed, ceiling hooks are attached with dowels or self-tapping screws to the ceiling, floor hooks with the same fasteners, but to the floor. But with the other two types - plinth and trench - the situation is different.

As the name implies, skirting boards are mounted instead of skirting boards and have a corresponding look. The difference from heating with conventional convectors is that the air comes out near the wall, gradually heating it. When heated, it starts to work as a large radiator, maintaining the temperature in the room for some time after the convector is turned off. The disadvantage is that until the wall (s) heats up, the air heats up very slowly. So electric heating of a private house on skirting convectors is suitable for permanent residence.

Skirting convectors - an inconspicuous method of electric heating

Floor convectors have a different difference. They work like conventional convectors, but are built into the floor. They have a depth of at least 10 cm (these are the "shallowest" ones), so their installation is possible only at the stage of repair. Moreover, the floor usually has to be lifted. But this is the most unobtrusive heating method. It is indispensable if you need to heat a French window or solid glazing.

Oil heaters

Electric heating of a private house using oil heaters is not done very often. They are more used as a remedy in case of abnormal cold weather. Although they do their job well, fewer convectors dry the air. The heating element is the same heating element and it is inserted into a container filled with oil. Due to its energy intensity, it stores little a large amount of heat and only then begins to emit it. Warmth that is more pleasant for a person emanates from the walls of these heaters. It looks more like heat from a heated earth or stove.

The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a long time for the oil to warm up. That is, due to their inertia, they can only be used on a long-term basis - in houses with permanent residence. At dachas - only for the duration of long visits, since they are not able to quickly heat the room.

Oil heaters are more often produced on wheels - this is a mobile "emergency" option. There are wall models. Here they can be used to heat the house.

Ceramic heating panels

In ceramic heating panels, the heating element is located close to the glass ceramic front panel. This panel heats up to 80-90 ° C, after which it begins to radiate heat in the infrared range. This is exactly the heat that the sun emits.

Like any heating element, this "works" in two directions and heats opposite side... To reduce heat losses on the back side, a screen is installed between the back panel and the heating element, reflecting some of the heat towards the ceramic. This increases the heating efficiency.

When calculating conventional heaters (except infrared), take 1 kW of electric heater power per 10 square meters of area. But if it is decided to make electric heating of a private house on the basis of ceramic heating panels, it is recommended to count 0.5 kW for the same area. And a video review of the work of such a panel confirms the validity of this approach. But, in order to prevent the heater from working at the power limit in cold weather, it is better to count 0.6 kW per square. And then on condition that you have "standard" ceilings.

Infrared emitters

Another way to organize electric heating of a private house is to use infrared heaters. Their main difference is that it is not the air that heats up, but objects falling into the range of infrared waves. The air is already warming up from them. That is, this method of heating is identical to how the sun "works" - first the earth heats up, and from it - the air.

One of the options for heating a private house with electricity is the use of infrared heaters

This method turns out to be the most effective. In any case, a person in a room heated by such devices says that he is warm at lower temperatures. The difference is 3-4 ° C. That is, this method of heating allows you to spend less electricity. And one more positive point - heated objects (and these are walls and a ceiling too) accumulate heat, and then maintain the temperature after turning off the heaters.

The disadvantage of this heating method is the influence of a nearby powerful source infrared radiation... Some doctors suggest negative aspects. But, so far, there are no proven facts.