INSTRUCTIONS AND PROPHECIES OF THE Blessed MOTHER ALIPIA GOLOSEEVSKY, Kyiv...
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They are indispensable when it is required to seal joints between building structures, ensure the impermeability of surfaces and give them a complete look during repairs. This is about sealants, the diversity of which can confuse many. Let's try to figure out what sealants suitable for each individual case.
On sale today sealants for a variety of needs: for floor joints, sanitary, heat-resistant, roofing, universal, for wood and natural stone. In this variety, you can find ready-to-use single-component formulations, two-component (from the base and a polymerizing component) and multicomponent (with special additives). The latter must be mixed before application.
Sealants are sold in the form of a paste, putty or solution. You will get even more confused when you find sealants of different composition on the counter: acrylic, acrylatex, bituminous, siliconized polyurethane and silicone. Each of them is suitable for a certain type of work and surfaces. What do we expect from sealants? The compositions must be strong, namely resistant to salts, acids, alkalis (depending on the type), not subject to corrosion, elastic (elongation at break), sticky (having good adhesion to the surface), and also withstand long-term atmospheric exposure. And another important characteristic that distinguishes a good sealant, - its composition must compensate for the movement of the joints that it fills, that is, it must not crack or form voids.
Let's deal with choice of sealant as a multi-step task. To begin with, it is worth determining the scope of the composition - whether you will use it indoors or outside. The manufacturer usually indicates such characteristics on the product packaging. It won't be hard to figure them out.
We read on the label, it is intended for indoor or outdoor use. Now we evaluate the condition of the surface (depending on this, we choose the type of sealant, decide whether the composition should have additional properties, for example, whether it can be used when working with dilapidated, rusty, wet surfaces). We are looking for the type of work on the label (in particular, roofing, window, universal), type of composition (acrylic, silicone), properties (high-temperature, transparent, waterproof, pasty, transparent). We evaluate the possibility of thermal expansion of the joints (the elasticity and mobility of the composition are important here). And choose again desired inscription on the label: elastic or not. Finally, it is worth deciding whether you will paint the sealant.
In practice, this whole multi-way combination looks like this. Let's say we need to seal the seams between the plates when assembling a laminate. So we will look for sealant for internal works . We choose a quick-drying sealant with a thin application, waterproof, but not gluing the floor tightly (otherwise the next repair or restoration of the floor will be almost impossible). The composition should not contain solvents so as not to damage it, there should not be a pungent odor (as it is used in a residential area), it should be easily cleaned from the surface even after drying. AT this case you should prefer a sealant that will transfer the movement of laminate panels without cracks and gaps - a highly elastic composition.
Acrylic sealants do not tolerate deformation well, so they are not recommended for use on surfaces subject to thermal expansion.
Used for interior work acrylic sealants. After repair, acrylate resin compounds can be coated acrylic paints or varnish in the color of the surface. Acrylic sealants are waterproof and non-waterproof. The latter are very capricious. Most often they are used to repair furniture, skirting boards, dry walls made of brick and concrete, drywall, as well as restoration wooden frames(for example, Akryylimassa composition for dry rooms from Kiiito). No other surfaces are suitable for applying this sealant.
Non-waterproof, water-based sealant is environmentally friendly, odorless, dissolves with plain water. This composition does not tolerate moisture, low temperatures and severe deformation of the seams. Warmth and dryness are the conditions that are needed to work with it. Failure to comply with them leads to the fact that the seam begins to crumble and crack literally the next day after application.
waterproof acrylic sealant almost devoid of the shortcomings of its non-water-resistant counterpart - it has excellent adhesion to tiles, concrete, bricks, PVC, GKL, any porous substrates, painted and varnished surfaces, is not afraid of low temperatures, but also does not withstand deformation loads (from the category of similar compositions - KRASS acrylic sealant , white). The maximum possible deformation ability of acrylic sealants does not exceed 15%, and the standard is 8 - 12%. The water resistance of acrylic sealants can be called relative. They do not collapse from water ingress, enduring its short-term exposure well, but do not lie on wet seams and are not suitable for surfaces that are in constant contact with moisture (for example, swimming pools).
Wherein acrylic sealants used for bathrooms, as they tolerate temperature fluctuations well, but it is desirable that antifungal components be added to their composition (as in acrylic waterproof sealant from TYTAN). The time for complete hardening of the sealant is about 24 hours, and the most expensive in this category are transparent compounds, as well as those with additional properties (such as KLEO Pro, sealing).
Types of sealants: 1 - acrylic; 2 - acrylosilicon; 3 - bituminous for roofing
Silicone sealants almost the same as acrylic, only better. Due to the addition of silicone, the sealant is more durable and elastic, it withstands temperature drops and precipitation well, therefore it is also suitable for outdoor work. Compared to acrylic acrylatex sealants have a greater ability to deform, give a dense, but elastic base of the seam. They are suitable for working on wood, chipboard, dry plaster, glass, painted surfaces, in particular for sealing window frames and doorways(including outside), ventilation openings, siding. After drying, such a sealant can be painted with latex and oil paints(DAP Alex Plus, Atacamast, Madera Quilosa).
The market leaders can rightly be called silicone sealants. They are suitable for application to almost all surfaces, including metal and plastic (for example, "Makroflex SX 101 sanitary", "Moment" universal). Silicone compositions are not affected by precipitation and temperature changes, they have absolute elasticity (up to 250%). They are not affected by most aggressive environments, but the seams with a silicone composition cannot be painted or restored. True, for such purposes, manufacturers produce a really diverse color scheme silicone fillers ("GERMENT" for windows and glasses, transparent, Den Braven SPECTRUM SANITARY).
Sanitary Silicone Sealants must necessarily contain fungicidal additives (against the growth of mold and bacteria), acidic additives cannot be applied to metal, they are more suitable for plastic work, neutral ones are suitable for absolutely all planes, and heat-resistant additives are needed where there are hot surfaces, for example during repair of batteries or furnace in country house(Penosil +1500 °C Sealant is heat resistant).
Distinctive quality and a big plus polyurethane sealants is their elasticity (withstand significant deformation), as well as adhesive and sealing characteristics. Examples of such sealants: "TYTAN Polyurethane", "EMFI Emfimastic PU40", Makroflex. This sealant is suitable for repairing difficult surfaces such as reinforced concrete, plastic, aluminum, galvanized metal, as well as wood, stone, and ceramics. This is one of the most durable sealing compounds, its service life is approximately 25 years, while precipitation, as well as chemical substances, practically do not affect the quality of the coating. However, any polyurethane sealant- this is a very caustic composition, so when working with it, you should take precautions, if possible, do not use it indoors.
Among the latest developments of manufacturers can be noted sealants based on siliconized polyurethane(MS-polymer). The main substances in their composition - silicone and polyurethane - make such aggregates almost ideal. They are elastic, strong, durable, subject to repair and staining, but expensive.
For roof repair, one of the most relevant remains bituminous sealant, which is based on rubber and bitumen. These are the old men in the family of sealants, simple in work and in composition. With the help of such a sealant, you can quickly, literally in 20-30 minutes, fill cracks and seams in the roof, foundation, drainage systems. And rain or humidity will absolutely not interfere with such work, since bituminous aggregates are insoluble in water (Penosil Bitum Sealant, GERMENT black bituminous). The disadvantages include the fact that they cannot be repainted due to their high elasticity and work should not be carried out at sub-zero temperatures.
For waterproofing the space between plumbing equipment and tiled wall use sealant. It is difficult to renew it regularly, as it adheres tightly to the surface. The task can be facilitated by a special solvent.
1. Cut off the sealant on one side.
2. Then cut it off on the other side.
3. Moisten the remaining sealant liberally with solvent.
4. Leave the solvent on for approximately 30 minutes.
5. Scrape off any remaining softened sealant.
6. Rinse the joint with water and dry with a dry cloth.
Applying a new layer of sealant
A new coat can be applied to the degreased and dried joint surface sealant. Use special sealant for sanitary ware, fungicidal is better to avoid mold.
1. Cut off the tip of the sealant cartridge.
2. Insert cartridge into gun.
3. Apply a thin layer of sealant to the joint.
4. Lock the gun by pressing the lever on the back of the gun.
5. Wet your finger with dishwashing liquid.
6. Apply this liquid to the sealant with your finger.
Usually sealant applied with a cartridge and a pistol. There are tools without an applicator, which are much easier to use.
1. The sealant is easy to apply with a syringe device.
2. Insert the plunger into the syringe.
3. Apply and smear the sealant at the same time.
Modern practical silicone sealants can be applied even on wet surfaces. Some sealants can be painted.
Sealants are designed to fill the joints between building materials and have many different uses. They are most commonly used to fill gaps in roofing, joints around bathtubs and sinks, gaps between walls and door or window frames, joints or unsightly cracks. There are two main types of sealants - silicone and acrylic-latex. They have different properties, so it is important to choose a sealant that is suitable for a particular specific task. Finding the right sealant and applying it with the right tools will allow you to do the repair yourself without hiring a professional.
Use silicone sealant as a waterproof sealant in a neutral color. There are two main types of sealants - silicone and acrylic-latex. Silicone sealants are waterproof and ductile. With their help, you can connect the most different surfaces. Silicone sealant is well suited for outdoor applications. In addition, they can close the joints in wet places inside the home, such as around a shower or bathtub. It is quite expensive and not very suitable for sealing places that are subjected to frequent loads.
Use an acrylic latex sealant if you need a water-based colored sealant. This sealant is cheaper than silicone, easier to work with, and more versatile. Commercially available acrylic-latex sealants of the most different colors which are well suited for bathtubs and sinks. Acrylic-latex sealants have water base so they are best used indoors. They are less durable than silicone sealants.
Remove old sealant from work surface. Remove old sealant before applying new sealant. Use a utility knife or razor blade to remove old sealant from the surface in quick, sure strokes. Please note that metal blades are not very suitable for cleaning surfaces around plastic fasteners. To avoid damaging the plastic, use a plastic-blade scraper, available from your local hardware store.
Clean the surface. Take a brush or vacuum cleaner and remove the remaining debris from the work area. Then clean the surface with a dry, non-abrasive sponge or cloth. Remove soap residue and grease from the surface of the tub or shower with rubbing alcohol. Wait for the surface to dry before applying the sealant.
To ensure that the sealant lays evenly and does not get on the surrounding surfaces, seal them with masking tape. Cover with strips of masking tape those places where the sealant should not get. Stick the tape around the area where you are going to apply the sealant. As a result, the sealant will lie evenly and evenly. Masking tape will help you apply sealant more accurately and more beautifully.
Cut off the tip of the sealant tube to make a hole of the diameter you need. After that, the sealant will be able to freely flow out of the tube. This will allow you to control the width of the seam. The lower you cut the tip, the wider the strip will be. If you need to apply sealant quickly and not necessarily neatly, you can cut the end of the spout across.
Insert the tube of sealant into the gun. At the rear end of the pistol there should be a long hooked rod. Pull it all the way back. This will open the barrel of the gun, and you can insert a tube into it. First place the base of the tube into the gun. Then tilt the tube so that its spout is in front of the barrel. Turn the hook so that the bent end is up and the side with the barb is down.
Silicone-based sealant is a dense and viscous compound that fills joints, gaps and cavities in various substrates. Thus, the sealant protects the surfaces from the damaging effects of the environment.
Silicone sealant is most widely used in the construction industry, because it is more effective than mastics and putties made from other materials.
The basis of the seal is silicon (silicone) polymer. It defines the characteristics of the sealant:
For the production of seals are used:
There are two types of vulcanizers added to the sealant. Based on this, there are two types of silicone sealant:
Based on the area of \u200b\u200btheir use, there are such types of silicone seals:
Sanitary sealant has good adhesion to glass, ceramics, enamel, wood, brick, concrete and metal. With its help, joints and gaps around plumbing fixtures, on pipelines, on wall, floor and ceiling cladding in wet rooms are sealed.
Silicone-based sealants are available in 310 ml plastic tubes. Before using the sealant, it must be prepared:
Starting work, you should insert the cap of the tube into the joint and, pressing the trigger of the gun, evenly distribute the sealant on the base to be processed.
Important! The pressing force when using the tool must be compared with the speed of its movement along the joint. This will make it possible to obtain a smooth and aesthetic seam as a result.
The sealant should not be saved. All gaps must be filled. Otherwise, when the sealant hardens, cracks may appear between the base and the seal.
Often the filled joint does not turn out to be absolutely even. In this case, you do not have to wait until the sealant dries. It is necessary to remove its excess and trim the seam with a moistened rubber spatula. You can also use a small plastic scraper for this. Professional builders often level the filled joint with a finger dipped in a solution of laundry soap.
The silicone seal is flexible yet durable. It adheres firmly to the base. It is not easy to tear the seal from its surface. The material has to be cut by inserting a sharp knife between the interlocked surfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to work with silicone sealant carefully.
But what if you still need to remove the hardened sealant from the base? When the silicone layer is quite thick, it is relatively easy to remove it. It should be hooked with something and simply torn off the base.
A different situation arises if you have to remove a thin layer or spots of inaccurately applied material. They are difficult to remove, especially when you need to maintain a sealed joint.
In this case, you should carefully separate the removed layer from the one that needs to be saved. To do this, cut through the material in the problem area with a sharp knife, and wipe off unnecessary residues with your finger. This method is well suited for a fresh compactor that has not had time to gain 100% strength.
Old material is removed only with the help of chemical compounds that soften it. Manufacturers produce many cleaners that can help remove old sealant. The best of them:
No one is protected from acquiring low-quality sealant and fakes, even in large hardware stores. To avoid the risk of detachment or cracking of the seal, consider the following:
The areas of use of silicone sealant are divided into 3 categories:
This must be taken into account and choose a sealant with the appropriate inscription on the package.
Before purchasing, you should find out the composition of the sealant. A quality seal consists of the following components:
Sealants with antiseptic additives must not be used on surfaces that come into contact with food and drinking water. Also, such seals are unsuitable for terrariums and aquariums.
Sealant can be used to seal small window gaps. external works. The material will not crack under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and will withstand temperature extremes.
To seal dark wood, mirrors, glass, mosaics, it is best to choose a transparent sealant. It is desirable to process floor joints with a dark sealant.
Silicone-based sealant is available in several varieties. Therefore, it is universal and can be used for sealing seams and joints on any grounds, both indoors and outdoors.
Watch this video. It contains a lot of supplementary information and information on the topic of the article.
[ Click on photo
for increase ]
It's a pleasure to watch a professional tiler apply silicone sealant. With an economical movement in one pass, the seam is filled, it is just as easy to level it. Alas, attempts for the first time to independently apply and level the sealant on the joint intended for this, often end up with a sealant sloppily stuck not only into the seam, but also far beyond its borders, smeared with hands, clothes and tools.
Still would! The ease with which the finisher performs this work is due to considerable experience and knowledge of the rules for working with this material. Let's take a look at this technique.
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A few years ago, in order to repair various cracks, joints, seams, glue parts, builders used putties, bituminous mixtures and home-made mastics. To date, the use of silicone sealant has greatly simplified and increased efficiency. repair work.
Silicone-based sealant is a versatile material that protects the treated surface from moisture and prevents its destruction. People use it to seal window frames, repair cracks, and give strength to workpieces.
By chemical composition silicone sealants are made up of complex elements. For their manufacture, the following components are needed:
Depending on the vulcanizers included in the composition, silicone adhesives are of two types:
Silicone sealants are divided into two groups: one-component - used mainly in the domestic sector; two-component - have a complex composition and are used in production.
The main properties and characteristics of the composition allow it to be used for any surfaces with different textures, these include:
Silicone sealant is needed, more precisely, irreplaceable material when performing repair work. There are several types of such adhesives that are currently on the market for the construction industry. By appearance can be distinguished:
Depending on the field of application, the following types of products are distinguished:
Among the most popular products are Moment and Soudal sealants. Both manufacturers have a range of different types silicone-based adhesives designed for different purposes. So, for example, Moment Germent is designed for outdoor and indoor use. Represents mounting foam quick grip.
Moment germent is used to install mirrors and various panels. The material has a universal composition, which allows it to be used on any surface.
For minor repairs, it is better to use Soudal silicone sealant. It is used for sealing double-glazed windows. Its main characteristics: heat-resistant, elastic, resistant to UV rays.
Firm "Soudal" produces sealant white color or colorless. The material does not leave bubbles on the treated surface.
On the video: types of sealants.
Consider step by step process how to use sealant. As an example, take the silicone Moment Germent:
1. Before starting work, put on overalls, be sure to use protective gloves so that the material does not get on the skin of your hands.
2. Wipe the surface from dust, degrease and dry it. Seal the decorative surface with masking tape to avoid getting silicone compound.
3. It is more convenient to apply silicone moment using a mounting gun. How to install it is usually written on the packaging of the sealant itself.
4. Cut the edge of the cartridge at an angle, such a section will allow the sealant to drain evenly.
5. Apply silicone while holding sealant at a 45° angle. Try to make each strip thin, so the material dries faster. For complete adhesion, connect both sides. Remove excess material with a spatula.
As for drying, everything will depend on the type of sealant, as well as on the thickness of the applied layer. On average, the material hardens in about 24 hours, a hard film appears on the surface after the first 20 minutes.
To make the edges of fiberboard and chipboard products durable and waterproof, use a rubber spatula to apply a thin layer of moment sealant. But if you want the surface to be perfectly even, you can dilute the silicone sealant with gasoline or a small amount of mineral spirits. At the same time, after complete drying, it will not lose its heat-resistant and water-resistant qualities.
An exact description of the use of silicone sealant can be found on the packaging. As a rule, it indicates what it is used for. given material how to apply to the surface, the time of its complete drying, the expiration date. Do not purchase glue-sealant at a promotional price with an expired shelf life. Such material loses its properties, it should not be used during repair work.
In the process of work, there are moments when the material was applied in in large numbers or dripped onto the surface. There are several options for removing the sealant moment:
It should be noted that solvents can remove a thin layer of material, the remaining excess silicone is eliminated mechanically.
The scope of silicone sealant is wide and varied. It will perfectly cope with any task, and most importantly provides a high-quality waterproof connection.