When to plant arugula in open ground. When to plant arugula outdoors (recommendations)

Every day the plants that are grown in industrial scale are becoming more and more popular. A vivid confirmation of this is arugula. Belongs to the cabbage family. Until recently, it was considered an ordinary grass. But now it can be found as an ingredient in many healthy, dietary and vegetarian dishes. Thanks to the mass of useful substances (iodine, vitamin C and many others), its benefits in cooking are undeniable. The Mediterranean is considered the birthplace of culture.

Among the variety of varieties, there are both annual and perennial representatives. Other names of the plant: indau, gulyavnik, mustard lettuce. Outwardly, arugula resembles dandelion leaves. Stems are slightly branched, straight, slightly pubescent. It reaches a height of 20 to 60 cm. The color of the leaves is different shades of green, depending on the species. Blooms from May to June. The flowers are small, with a pleasant smell, white, purple or yellow. The taste of indau is spicy and spicy. Serves as an excellent addition to salads, cheese and pesto.

Plant propagation

Mustard salad is bred using seedlings. This is a very painstaking task that requires compliance with many rules. Seeds are sown in early March in cups (1-3 pieces each) or medium-sized containers (up to 30 pieces). It is better to collect soil in the place where the plant will grow in the future. During this time, young plants will have time to get stronger. Emerging shoots require gradual adaptation to environment. To do this, remove the film from the container and take it out into the shade to the street. Start with 10 minutes, daily increasing this time period by 10 minutes. As soon as the time spent outdoors by seedlings reaches 3 hours, they can be transplanted into open ground or a box on the balcony.

The grown seedlings are transferred to a permanent place of "habitat" along with an earthen clod. The most suitable period for transplanting is a stable temperature at the end of April. The thermometer should not fall below 9 degrees Celsius. Seedlings need care and protection. Frost and fog are a big obstacle to a good harvest.

In a region with a warm climate, it is permissible to sow seeds immediately in open ground. This is best done in mid-spring.

Landing and care

Site preparation and soil selection

Particular attention should be paid to the soil. You can buy it in a special store or take it from your site. But in the latter case, disinfection is required. Optimal suitable soil- subacid. It can be additionally limed so that the plant has enough calcium. To do this, it is poured into a container with refractory characteristics, put in an oven and poured over the soil with boiling water. Seeds are also processed before planting. They must be soaked for 3 hours in a weak solution of manganese.

Pots and containers for future seedlings are selected high. After filling them with a special substrate, pour abundantly with water and wait for complete absorption. Seeds need to be handled with care due to their small size. They are carefully distributed over the entire surface of the soil and covered with a thin layer of sand (no more than 1 cm).

The place for landing tanks is selected bright. Seedling care - regular watering and constant loosening of the soil.

Planting in open ground can be done throughout the warm season: May to August. Well-lit areas are selected, but with the presence of a light shadow. Some varieties tolerate shade well. It is also important to consider crop rotation.

An excellent harvest of arugula will be in the area where carrots, potatoes, pumpkins and tomatoes grew before it.

The soil is preferably fertile, neutral or slightly acidic. Acidity can be reduced by adding a small amount of dolomite flour or lime to the ground. The beds where radish and cabbage grew last season should not be used. The principle is the same as when planting in a greenhouse. The distance between the beds (40 cm) is observed, the depth is not more than 2 cm, the distance between the bushes is about 5-6 cm. Thick seedlings must be thinned out. If frosts are expected on the soil, then at night the sowing is covered with a film.

Landing in a greenhouse

Landing in a greenhouse is carried out at any time of the year. Correct is important temperature regime(at least 17 degrees Celsius) and sufficient lighting. On cloudy days, artificial lighting is acceptable. Before planting, the soil is carefully prepared: for complete cleaning of weeds, it is loosened at a depth of up to 25 cm, 2 weeks before planting, repeated deep loosening is carried out. The distance between the rows is 30-40 cm, the furrows are 2 cm deep. Regular watering and loosening is the key to a great harvest.

Growing on a windowsill

Growing arugula on a windowsill perfect option for those who don't have land plot. Landing indau in decorative pot will immediately perform a design function. Most often, such greens decorate the space in the kitchen so that the salad is always within walking distance. The soil is suitable specialized - for seedlings of vegetables. It is possible to prepare a suitable substrate and do it yourself. It is necessary to mix soddy soil, sand and humus, in a ratio of 2: 1: 2. The required reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline. The mixture, as for other growing methods, is disinfected. Boiling water kills all viruses various diseases and bacteria.

In open ground, protection against stagnant moisture is provided by a drainage layer, then it is necessary to drill a through hole in the tank to drain excess liquid. Small drainage is also needed (brick fragments, crushed stone, small stones, etc.). Plentifully moistened soil is poured over the drainage. It is lightly tamped, seeds are distributed and sprinkled with a loose layer of sand. The container is covered with film or glass to create greenhouse effect. The room for pots is selected warm and sunny. Shoots appear quickly - in 5-7 days.

Watering arugula

Watering arugula is very important. It is he who contributes to the good growth of the plant and a rich harvest. Watering is carried out strictly according to the regime. Otherwise, the salad may become bitter and unsuitable for food. Ideally water 3 times a week. Water is not poured directly into the ground; a spray bottle is used for irrigation. The aerial part is sprayed for a long time.

For good development and dynamic vegetation required optimal temperature conditions (13-26 degrees Celsius) and good lighting. Suitable for growing in a greenhouse, cornice, terrace and open ground in a region with a warm climate. Plant containers are located exclusively on sunny side. This contributes to the formation of juicy green arugula. If this is not possible, then an additional artificial lighting. Appropriate devices are placed at a distance of 60 to 110 cm from the seedling container.

After watering, the soil must be loosened. Best of all is the next day, when the ground dries out a little. Regular thinning is carried out, it is better to get rid of weak seedlings and give more strong opportunity growth, and development.

fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizer (urea)

Mineral fertilizers are best avoided. Greens are famous for their tendency to accumulate all kinds of harmful substances. Occasionally, the use of nitrogen fertilizers (chicken or cow droppings) is acceptable.

Harvesting is carried out as soon as the walker reaches 8-12 cm in height. But each variety is individual, in some cases it is worth the wait large sizes. Optimal conditions maintenance and regular harvesting will allow the salad to be regularly updated and delight with a new harvest every 6-7 weeks.

Diseases and pests

This representative of the flora is practically not bothered by diseases and pests, thanks to preventive measures before planting and keeping essential oils in arugula. Occasionally, insect infestation is possible ( cabbage moth and fleas). To fight them, they use black pepper, ash, and a decoction of ambrosia or carrot tops.

Popular types and varieties

To date, two species and numerous varieties of plants are known:

1. Annuals. This species is conditionally divided into 2 groups - early and mid-season. The first pleases with a harvest in 14 days, and the second in 21-28 days.

2. Biennial. Thanks to the massive root system, the culture tolerates winter well. It is distinguished by a powerful stem, which releases young shoots every spring.

The most famous varieties:

• cupid's arrows;
• curiosity;
• rocket;
• olivette;
• Victoria;
• poker;
• Spartacus;
• solitaire.

Planting and caring for arugula involves observing the rules for soil preparation, choosing a suitable site and timely agrotechnical measures. To get a good harvest, the plant needs to provide abundant watering, regular feeding and protection from diseases and pests.

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Choosing a rucola variety for planting

In everyday life, arugula is called two different plants Cabbage family:

1. Indau sowing (Eruka sowing). cultural annual plant height 30-60 cm with lyre-shaped leaves and spicy-spicy taste. Seeds are small, light brown. The second name - sowing eruca comes from the Latin name.
2. Double-row thin-leaved. A decumbent perennial 40-70 cm high with narrow dissected leaves. Tastes spicier than indau. The seeds are very small, similar to poppies. IN commercial offers the two-row thin-leaved is called "wild arugula".

In Russia, about 30 varieties of indau and 13 varieties of the fine-leaved double row are registered.

The most popular varieties of arugula among gardeners:

1. Poker. Early variety, plants reach a height of 18 cm. The leaves are usable for 20-25 days. They have a slight mustard flavor.
2. Rococo. High yielding early variety. Resistant to cold, plants reach a height of 18 cm.
3. Spartacus. Early variety, ripens in 19-25 days. Plants reach a height of 18-20 cm.
4. Solitaire. Biennial variety. Contains the largest number vitamins and acids. Solitaire is harvested in the garden only the following year. Fresh greens appear at a temperature of +1 degree.

Rococo Spartacus Poker Solitaire

Soil preparation and site selection for planting

Growing arugula should be carried out on neutral and slightly acidic light soils. Acidic soil must be limed.

Liming is most often carried out with the following fertilizers:

• calcite;
• dolomite;
• limestone.

Lime fertilizers are applied 3 weeks before sowing. It is useful to dig up the beds in the fall with the addition of ash, since it contains 30-35% calcium.

Site requirements:

1. It is better to plant arugula in well-lit areas with the condition that they are in the shade for part of the day. It is better not to plant lettuce in shady places - arugula worsens from a lack of sun taste qualities.
2. Arugula cannot be planted in a place where plants of the Cruciferous family used to grow (up to 3 years). The best predecessors for arugula - carrots, nightshade, legumes, pumpkin crops.

Planting arugula in open ground with seeds

You can plant arugula with seeds in the south and in the central part of Russia.

When is the best time to land?

Arugula is planted in the spring from mid-April to August. The timing of sowing crops depends on the warming of the soil. The temperature should be + 9-14 degrees.

Experienced gardeners choose the time to sow arugula according to the phases of the moon. Lettuce is planted on the growing moon.

Seed preparation

Arugula is an undemanding plant, special seed preparation is not needed, so it is enough to do the following procedures:

1. To improve germination, you can soak the seeds on a damp cloth.
2. Seed treatment with a weak solution of potassium permanganate will help protect arugula from bacterial and fungal diseases. This applies to your own seeds, because branded seed is usually dressed in advance.

Arugula seeds remain viable for 4 years.

Landing technology

Arugula planting technology is as follows:

• Arugula should be planted in rows at a distance of 30 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm;
• In order for the plants to develop well, you need to leave 10 cm between them in a row.

Planting arugula in open ground seedlings

Arugula seedlings should be planted in cool regions with late spring, as this speeds up the harvest.

When and how should seedlings be planted?

Planting seeds for seedlings is carried out in March, while the seed is planted in disposable plastic cups or peat pots. No more than two or three seeds are placed in each. Do not plant very tightly in trays: subsequent picking can damage the delicate roots of plants.

When using plastic cups, drainage holes must be made at the bottom.

The user Tatiana tells in detail how to properly sow arugula for seedlings.

Technology of planting seedlings in open ground

It is most convenient to plant seedlings in peat pots. Together with the container, the plants are placed in pre-prepared holes according to the size of the pots.

If the seedlings are grown in plastic cups, then holes are first made in the beds according to the size of the containers at a distance of 10 cm from each other in a row and a gap between rows of 30 cm. The cups are carefully cut so as not to damage the delicate roots of arugula.

Caring for arugula on the site

Despite the fact that arugula is unpretentious, to get good harvest at home, it is necessary to take care of the plant and follow the rules of agricultural technology.

These include:

• timely watering;
• weeding;
• loosening the soil;
• pest and disease control.

Watering

Arugula loves moist soil, so you should water the greens 3-4 times a week. If it is hot, then watering is carried out daily. The consumption of water during irrigation depends on the type of soil, on average, it is watered at the rate of 3-5 liters per 1 m of the bed.

If the plants do not have enough moisture, then the leaves become bitter and the arugula begins to bloom earlier.

Weeding and loosening

Weeding and loosening do this:

1. Arugula loves loose soil. Therefore, after each watering, the beds must be loosened so that air gets to the roots of the plant.
2. Simultaneously with loosening, arugula is weeded, as weeds interfere with the normal growth of the plant.

Weeds are dangerous for the following problems:

• contribute to the development of fungal diseases of arugula;
• attract pests to lettuce leaves;
• worsen the taste of greens.

Fertilizer and top dressing

Arugula is planted on already fertilized soil. In the process of plant growth, complex fertilizers should not be used. Due to the short growing season, they do not have time to decompose and accumulate in the leaves.

Arugula is fed:

• a solution of chicken manure;
• slurry.

They are applied together with irrigation water 1-2 times during the entire growing season.

Protection against diseases and pests

Arugula pests and methods of dealing with them are presented in the table:

You can also use biopreparations:

• Aktofit;
• Bankol;
• Fitoverm.

Fitoverm. Price from 13 rubles. Actellik. Price from 45 rubles. Bankol. Price from 170 rubles.

It is easy to get rid of insects if you plant strong-smelling plants next to arugula, such as sage, garlic or basil.

Fungal diseases are of great danger - their development is facilitated by wet soil. When the fungus is affected, the plant begins to fade, small brown bubbles form on the roots. If signs are found, the bush should be removed and the soil treated with an antifungal drug.

Photo gallery

cruciferous flea May beetle larvae Slugs

Arugula is a cruciferous plant. Its leaves can be used for food 25-30 days after planting, and if the seeds are sown several times during the season, then the crop can be harvested all summer.

Most often, arugula leaves are added to a salad or served as a separate green. In addition, to give an unusual spicy taste, they are used to make omelettes, pasta, pizza and other dishes.

Arugula - unpretentious plant, but you can get tender greens without bitterness only if you follow the growing technology.

Choosing a place to grow

In order for the foliage of arugula to be tender, with a pronounced taste and not bitter, the choice of a place for planting must be approached responsibly. It is necessary that the area allotted for growing greens be illuminated by the sun in the morning and evening hours. In the midday heat, diffused light should fall on the plants, even a slight shadow is allowed. From the hot rays of the sun, the leaves burn out, coarsen and prematurely release a flower arrow.

The land must be fertile, loose and permeable. Neutral or slightly acidic soil is best suited. Planting in acidic soil is undesirable - plant growth slows down, and the taste of the leaves becomes worse. Lime or dolomite flour is added to such soil.

Unwanted predecessors in the garden are any cruciferous plants. They take from the ground the same nutrients, suffer from the same diseases, they are attacked by the same pests, the larvae of which live for a long time in the soil. Arugula cannot be grown in the same place for two years in a row. The earth must rest for at least three years.

It is advisable to prepare the bed in the fall - dig the site, remove the weed roots and add well-rotted manure or compost.

Excess fertilizer when growing arugula is unacceptable. Its leaves tend to accumulate chemical substances, and eating such greens will not be useful.

Terms and scheme of sowing seeds

Arugula is a cold-resistant plant. The first sowing of seeds in open ground is carried out when the air temperature is set at + 7-12 ° C. This period usually falls in mid-April. Seeds germinate quickly, in 5-8 days. Depending on the variety, harvest years to be harvested 3-4 weeks after shoots appear.

So that the harvest is continuous, sowing is carried out in stages throughout the summer with an interval of two weeks. The last landing is carried out in mid-August. If the summer is hot and dry, then it is not worth planting arugula during these months - the seedlings will quickly shoot an arrow, which will affect the taste of the greens.

In cold regions, seeds are sown in late April or early May. Crops should be covered plastic wrap or agrofibre. After the first sprouts appear, the film is removed for a day so that the tender leaves do not burn out. Non-woven agrofibre can be left on - no condensate collects under it, and air circulates well through micro-holes.

Arugula can be planted in containers and all year round grow on a windowsill. An important condition for this is good lighting, shading from the bright sun, airing and maintaining humidity.

Cultivation is carried out on a pre-prepared bed. It is desirable that its width be 70 cm. Three grooves are made on it - at a distance of 10 cm from the edge and 25 cm from each other. The depth of the furrow is 1-1.5 cm. Its bottom is compacted, spilled with water and seeds are sown at a distance of 3 cm from each other. They fall asleep with earth and water from a watering can with a small strainer.

5 days after the shoots appear, they are thinned out. The distance between plants in one row should be at least 10 cm.

When growing in a container, sow in one line, and a distance of 5 cm can be left between plants.

Care rules

Caring for arugula is simple, but it must be carried out constantly. The main part of care is watering.

Insufficient watering affects the quality and taste of greens:

• leaves coarsen, lose their taste, acquire bitterness;
• flowering begins ahead of time;
• green growth stops.

Usually watered every other day, but in hot weather the moisture evaporates quickly, the frequency of watering is increased to one or two times a day. Arugula responds well to watering by sprinkling, but with this method, the greens are splashed with earth. To avoid this, the soil between the rows is mulched.

It is convenient to grow arugula in small beds with sides. Watering in this case is carried out by filling the beds with water - it does not spread, it is well absorbed into the ground.

Between waterings, the soil must be loosened and all weeds removed - they are weeded out even from row spacing, because they inhibit the growth of arugula, which can cause it to die. Mulching eliminates weeding and loosening, which makes gardening less labor intensive.

Fertilizers are not applied during the growing season. One filling with organic matter is enough when preparing the beds. Additional top dressing will only harm, an excess of chemical compounds will accumulate in the greens.

Diseases and pests

Arugula is resistant to disease, but is sometimes infected with fusarium and downy mildew. Treatment of diseases is ineffective, so the affected plants are destroyed, and the bed is disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate or a pesticide. At this place, quarantine is carried out and for several years no plants that are susceptible to the same diseases are planted.

Common pests are cruciferous fleas and cabbage moths. Cruciferous fleas usually attack plantings in dry, hot weather when insufficient watering. They gnaw holes in the foliage, making it unsuitable for collection. The best way avoid pest attacks - grow arugula under thin cover. To do this, arcs of any material are installed above the bed and a thin white agrofibre is thrown over them. Open shelter only for watering and cutting foliage.

They do the same - they grow greens under cover. You can reduce the likelihood of butterflies appearing if you regularly mow the grass next to the beds. The use of insecticides is not recommended.

Harvesting

Greens are harvested until the plant releases a peduncle. First of all, the largest lower leaves are cut off, and the rest are allowed to grow. The peduncle can be removed as soon as it appears - this will extend the period of foliage growth.

If a lot of greenery is required at once, then the outlet is not touched until the arrow appears. The leaves in this case will be larger, with a pronounced spicy taste, but the structure of the greens will become coarser. At the beginning of the growth of the peduncle, the entire plant is uprooted. It is important not to miss this moment.

Results

So that arugula greens do not lose their unique taste, it is important to follow three growing rules:

1. choose a place with light shading;
2. keep the soil moist;
3. do not be late with the harvest.

The harvested crop can be stored in the refrigerator, wrapped in cling film, for up to two weeks.

Thyme or thyme? And maybe thyme or bogorodskaya grass? How right? And it’s right in every way, because the same plant “passes” under these names, more precisely, one genus of plants from the Lamiaceae family. There are many other popular names associated with the amazing property of this shrub to release a large amount of aromatic substances. About the cultivation of thyme and its use in garden design and cooking will be discussed in this article.

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Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.

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Arugula contains iodine and a balanced set of vitamins. It is useful for people seeking to lose weight, as it creates a feeling of satiety with a minimum of calories. Arugula increases the level of iron in the blood and removes cholesterol. Recently, this green with a very specific taste has become more popular due to the fact that it is widely used in Italian cuisine.

Landing

Planting arugula begins with the acquisition of seeds. Anyone who wants to buy arugula seeds can expect a surprise - in Russia, arugula is called indau. Under this name, this culture is included in the State Register of Varieties.

• Rococo - height 12-18 cm, period from germination to harvest 3 weeks;
• Solitaire - early ripe, fruitful, one bush is enough for a family;
• Corsica - bush height up to 60 cm, grows for more than a month;
• Sicily - late-ripening, fruitful;
• Poker is a low bush up to 20 cm high with graceful notched leaves, the crop can be harvested 25 days after germination.

In the open ground

Sowing arugula does not require any hassle. It has large seeds, similar to radish seeds. With their incorporation into the soil, there are no difficulties. Seeds are sown in spring or late summer.

You do not need to grow seedlings, you can sow directly into the ground.

To provide yourself with greenery for a long time, seeds are sown every 1.5-2 weeks. In the middle of summer, arugula is not sown, as the plants planted in July quickly shoot. In July, you can try to sow indau in a shady place.

Sowing is carried out in grooves of arbitrary length, laid at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. The gap between the seeds should be 8-10 cm. Dense planting will lead to a decrease in yield. Seeds are buried 1 cm.

On the windowsill

Arugula is an early ripening green, so it is suitable for growing at home on the windowsill. In the apartment it is sown from March to October. Shade-tolerant culture, grows well even on northern windows.

Seeds can be sown in regular flower pots a depth of 15 cm. The container is filled with universal soil from the store, spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate and seeds are sown to a depth of 5 mm. To speed up germination, the pot is covered with a film and placed in a warm place. After 3 weeks, it will be possible to serve fresh fragrant greens to the table.

in the greenhouse

Arugula grows quickly in greenhouses and greenhouses and can overgrow, so it needs to be cut young and often. In closed ground, greens are sown three times: in early spring, early June and early September. Soil temperature should be at least 18C.

Seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5 cm, arranged in rows. After the final thinning between plants in a row should remain 10 cm.

Shoots in the greenhouse appear a week after sowing. The shoots will need watering on hot days and regular weeding and loosening. At the beginning of the growing season, you can carry out one top dressing with a solution of nitrophoska.

Greens are harvested when a rosette develops. Leaves are cut at soil level, starting with the tallest and strongest. The more often you harvest, the faster new shoots will grow. Plants are uprooted when flower stems begin to appear, making room for the next crop.

Arugula is an annual plant up to 40 cm high. It has fleshy leaves, depending on the variety, naked or covered with hairs. From the rest garden plants indau is distinguished by a peculiar smell, expressed to a greater or lesser extent. The aroma and taste of arugula depends on the variety and growing conditions.

Arugula is an unpretentious shade-tolerant cold-resistant plant, the cultivation of which is available to a completely inexperienced summer resident. It belongs to the cabbage family and looks very similar to radishes. And how the indau radish blooms when the day gets long. The culture is cultivated for the sake of the leaves. lower leaves Arugula dissected, similar in shape to a lyre. The upper ones are more solid.

Arugula seeds are decorated in pods. Seeds ripen in July. They can be harvested to sow next year.

Culture does not like heat and drought. The more you water the indau, the juicier and fleshier the leaves will be. In the heat, the greens coarsen, become tasteless and bitter.

Landing care is easy. It is necessary from time to time to loosen the aisles and water the beds more often, preventing the leaves from drying out.

Like any green, arugula quickly accumulates nitrates, so when growing it, you should not use nitrogen fertilizers. It is enough in the 1-2 leaf phase to feed the bushes with a solution of mullein, adding a little wood ash. Such an organic complex is enough for the plants to develop well.