Hmm, yoda_daro claims that this is a test to determine their sexuality...
Instruction The frames of the film merge for us into continuous movement due to ...
Federal Agency for Education
State educational institution higher professional education
"Pomeranian State University named after M.V. Lomonosov»
Psychology faculty.
Abstract on physical culture on the topic:
History and Origins of the Olympic Games.
Performed:
Student of the 1st year of the faculty
psychology
Ivkova Anastasia Andreevna
Checked:
Associate Professor of the Department
Physical Culture
Karkavtseva Irina Alexandrovna
Arkhangelsk, 2010.
Introduction
1. Olympia - the center of the Olympic world
2. The history of the Olympic flame
3. The revival of the Olympic Games. Their development in the 19th century
4. Adoption of the Olympic Charter. Olympic symbols.
5. Dates and venues for the Games of the Olympiad
6 . Summer Olympic Games
7. Winter Olympics
8. Domestic athletes at the Olympics
9. Paralympic Games
Conclusion
Introduction
The Olympic Games are the largest international complex sports competitions of our time, which are held every four years.
The tradition that existed in ancient Greece, in late XIX century was revived by the French public figure Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, except during the World Wars. The Winter Olympic Games were established in 1924 and were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994 the timing of the Winter Olympics has shifted by two years from that of the Summer Olympics.
In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple facilities were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, the romantic-idealistic sentiments of antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive the Olympic mindset and culture spread fairly quickly throughout Europe. The French baron Pierre de Coubertin said then: “Germany unearthed what was left of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old grandeur?
According to Coubertin, it is the weak the physical state French soldiers was one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He seeks to change the situation by improving physical education French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national selfishness and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The Youth of the World was to face off in sports, not on the battlefield. The revival of the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes best solution to achieve both goals.
At a congress held June 16-23, 1893 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to the international public. On the last day of the congress (June 23), it was approved that the first modern Olympic Games should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the country of origin of the Olympic Games - Greece. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded to organize the Olympic Games. The first president of the committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas (1835-1908), who was president until the end of the 1st Olympic Games in 1896. Baron Pierre de Coubertin became General Secretary.
The first modern Olympic Games were indeed a great success. Although fewer than 250 athletes took part in the Olympic Games, the Games were the largest sporting event ever held since ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Olympic Games "forever" in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC has introduced a rotation between different states, so that every 4 years the Olympic Games change their venue.
1. Olympia - the center of the Olympic world
The center of the Olympic world of antiquity was the sacred district of Zeus in Olympia - a grove along the Alpheus River at the confluence of the Kladei stream. In this beautiful town of Hellas, traditional all-Greek competitions in honor of the god of thunder were held almost three hundred times. The winds of the Ionian sea disturbed the mighty pines and oaks on the top of Kronos Hill. At its foot there is a protected area, the silence of which was broken every four years by the Olympic celebration.
Such is Olympia, the cradle of games. Its former greatness is now reminded of by no means silent ruins. Certificate ancient authors, statues and images on vases and coins recreate the picture of the Olympic spectacle.
Near the sacred Olympia, the town of the same name subsequently grew up, surrounded by orange and olive groves.
Now Olympia is a typical provincial town, living with tourists who flock to the Olympic ruins from all over the world. Everything is absolutely Olympic in it: from the names of streets and hotels to dishes in taverns and souvenirs in countless shops. It is noteworthy for its museums - archaeological and Olympic. If not for these treasures of ancient times, one could leave the town without regret, cross the stone bridge over the Kladei stream, on the other side of which is the reserved Olympia. The entrance to the sacred grove is unremarkable. Underfoot, blackened marble steps and slabs of sacred shell rock. It is worth stretching out your hand and touching the wild olive branch that crowned the head of Olympionik. Mighty pines and oaks stretched their crowns overhead. And above - the blueness of the sky, under the tent of which majestic structures were erected here. Alas, neither earthquakes, nor river floods, nor time spared them. But how amazing are these remains of the former greatness!!!
Olympia owes its surviving glory entirely to the Olympic Games, although they were held there only once every four years and lasted a few days. In the intervals between games, a huge stadium was empty, located nearby, in a hollow near the hill of Kronos. Overgrown with grass Treadmill the stadium and the slopes of the hill and embankments that bordered the arena, which served as a platform for spectators. There was no clatter of hooves or the rumble of horse-drawn chariots at the nearby hippodrome. There were no training athletes in the spacious gymnasium surrounded by stands and in the monumental building of the palestra. Voices were not heard in the leonidaion - a hotel for honored guests.
But during the Olympic Games, life was seething here. Tens of thousands of arriving athletes and guests filled the grandiose sports facilities for those times to capacity. In their composition, their ensemble basically differed little from modern sports complexes. In those distant times, only the winner in certain types of competitions, the Olympionik, was revealed at the Olympics. talking modern language, no one recorded the absolute achievements of athletes. Therefore, few people were interested in the perfection of the competition sites. Everyone was more interested in the ritual side of the holiday dedicated to Zeus.
As you know, ancient Greek history with a certain degree of reliability reflects mythology. One of the poetic myths of ancient Greece tells how the Olympic Stadium came into being. If you listen to this legend, then Hercules from Crete was its founder. Approximately in the 17th century. BC e. He and his four brothers landed on the Peloponnesian peninsula. There, at the hill with the tomb of the titan Kronos, according to legend, defeated in the fight by the son of Zeus, Hercules, in honor of the victory of his father over his grandfather, organized a competition with his brothers on the run. To do this, on the site at the foot of the hill, he measured the distance of 11 stages, which corresponded to 600 of his feet. an impromptu running track 192 m 27 cm long and served as the basis for the future Olympic Stadium. For three centuries, it was in this primitive arena that the games, later called the Olympic Games, were far from regularly held.
Gradually, the Olympics won the recognition of all the states located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula, and by 776 BC. e. acquired a general character. It was from this date that the tradition began to perpetuate the names of the winners.
On the eve of the grand opening of the Games, an ancient tent city was spread out near the stadium on the banks of the Alfei River. In addition to many sports fans, merchants of various goods and owners of entertainment establishments rushed here. So even in ancient times, the care of preparing for the games involved the most diverse social strata of the Greek population in organizational matters. The Greek festival officially lasted five days, dedicated to the glorification of the physical strength and unity of the nation, worshiping the deified beauty of man. The Olympic Games, as their popularity grew, influenced the center of Olympia - Altis. For more than 11 centuries, pan-Greek games have been held in Olympia. Similar games were held in other centers of the country, but none of them could be compared with the Olympic ones.
2. The history of the Olympic flame
One of the most beautiful legends of the past tells of Prometheus, the God-fighter and protector of people, who stole fire from Olympus and brought it in a reed and taught mortals how to use it. As the myths say, Zeus ordered Hephaestus to chain Prometheus to the Caucasian rock, pierced his chest with a spear, and a huge eagle flew every morning to peck the liver of a titan, he was saved by Hercules. And not a legend, but history testifies that in other cities of Hellas there was a cult of Prometheus, and in his honor Prometheus was held - competitions of runners with burning torches.
The figure of this titan remains today one of the most vivid images in Greek mythology. The expression "Promethean fire" means striving for high goals in the fight against evil. Didn't the ancients put the same meaning when they lit the Olympic flame in the Altis grove about three thousand years ago?
During the summer solstice, competitors and organizers, pilgrims and fans paid homage to the gods by lighting a fire on the altars of Olympia. The winner of the running competition was honored to light the fire for the sacrifice. In the reflections of this fire, the rivalry of athletes took place, the competition of artists, an agreement on peace was concluded by messengers from cities and peoples.
That is why the tradition of lighting a fire, and later delivering it to the venue of the competition, was renewed.
Among the Olympic rituals, the ceremony of lighting a fire in Olympia and delivering it to the main arena of the games is especially emotional. This is one of the traditions of the modern Olympic movement. Millions of people can watch the exciting journey of fire through countries, and even - sometimes - continents, with the help of television.
The Olympic flame first flared up at the Amsterdam Stadium on the first day of the 1928 games. This is an indisputable fact. However, until recently, most researchers in the field of Olympic history have not found confirmation that this fire was delivered, as tradition dictates, by relay from Olympia.
The beginning of the torch relay races that brought fire from Olympia to the city Summer Olympics, was laid in 1936. Since then, the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games have been enriched by the exciting spectacle of lighting a fire in the main Olympic stadium from a torch carried by a relay. The Torchbearer Run has been the solemn prologue of the Games for more than four decades. On June 20, 1936, a fire was lit in Olympia, which then made a 3075 km journey along the road of Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Germany. And in 1948, the torch made its first sea voyage.
In 394 AD e. The Roman emperor Theodosius 1 issued a decree prohibiting the further holding of the Olympic Games. The emperor converted to Christianity and decided to eradicate anti-Christian games glorifying pagan gods. And one and a half thousand years the games were not played. In the following centuries, sport lost the democratic significance that was attached to it in ancient Greece. For a long time it became the privilege of the “chosen” fraud, ceased to play the role of the most available means communication between peoples.
3. The revival of the Olympic Games. Their development in the 19th century
The Olympic idea did not disappear completely even after the ban on ancient competitions. For example, in England during the 17th century, "Olympic" competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors of the modern Olympic Games are the Olympia, which were held regularly during the period 1859-1888. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Sutsos, who brought it to life public figure Evangelis Zappas.
In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple facilities were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive the Olympic mindset and culture spread fairly quickly throughout Europe. The French baron Pierre de Coubertin (fr. Pierre de Coubertin), subsequently reflecting on the contribution of France, said: “Germany unearthed what was left of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old grandeur?
According to Coubertin, it was precisely the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He sought to change the situation by improving the physical culture of the French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national selfishness and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The Youth of the World was to face off in sports, not on the battlefield. The revival of the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes the best solution to achieve both goals.
At a congress held June 16-23, 1894 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to the international public. On the last day of the congress, it was decided that the first modern Olympic Games should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the parent country of the Games - Greece. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded to organize the Games. The first president of the Committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was president until the end of the 1st Olympic Games in 1896. Baron Pierre de Coubertin became general secretary.
The first Games of our time were a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games were the largest sporting event ever held since ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Games of the Olympiad "forever" in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced a rotation between different states, so that every 4 years the Games change the venue.
After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis. The II Olympic Games of 1900 in Paris (France) and the III Olympic Games of 1904 in St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with the World Exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and almost did not enjoy the interest of the audience. Almost only American athletes participated in the Games in St. Louis, since it was very difficult to get from Europe across the ocean in those years for technical reasons.
At the 1906 Olympic Games in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and results again came out on top. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported these "intermediate Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are not now recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming "meaningless and unnecessary".
4. Adoption of the Olympic Charter. Olympic symbols.
In the second half of the 19th century, thanks to the creation of the first international federations (gymnasts, 1881, rowers, 1892, speed skaters, 1892) and the holding of world championships and international meetings, sport became one of essential elements interstate communication, contributing to the rapprochement of peoples.
Coubertin's initiative at the founding congress in Paris (1894) was supported by representatives of 12 countries. The governing body of the Olympic movement, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), was created and the set of rules and regulations of the IOC developed by the Baron's Olympic Charter was approved.
Subsequently, the Olympic Charter became the basis of the statutory documents of the International Olympic Committee. In its first section, a description and statute of the Olympic flag (approved by the IOC in 1913 at the suggestion of P. de Coubertin) is given - a white cloth with the Olympic symbol, which is five colored interlaced rings (according to the number of continents). The Olympic symbol was also proposed by Coubertin and approved by the IOC in 1913. Since 1920, along with the symbol, integral part The Olympic emblem is the Olympic motto Citius, altius, fortius (“Faster, higher, stronger”). In 1928, the idea of Coubertin, expressed by him back in 1912, was embodied, lighting the Olympic flame from sun rays(with the help of a lens) at the temple of Zeus in Olympia and its delivery by a torch relay to the Olympic Stadium for the opening ceremony of the Games along a special route developed by the organizing committee of the next games together with the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the countries through which it passes.
According to the Olympic Charter, the honor of hosting the Olympic Games is given to the city, not to the country. The decision to choose the capital of the Olympic Games is made by the IOC no later than 6 years before the start of the Games.
Since the 1970s for advertising and commercial purposes, the so-called Olympic mascot is used - the image of an animal recognized by the public of the host country as the most popular, for example, at the Moscow Olympic Games in 1980, the mascot was the bear cub Misha.
The IOC statute states that “the Olympics may not be held, but in no case should it be changed serial number, dates and place of its holding”.
For 100 years (1896-1996) 23 Olympics were held and three times (1916, 1940, 1944) the games did not take place due to the First and Second World Wars.
5. Dates and venues for the Games of the Olympiad
Summer Olympic Games
VI Berlin (Germany), 1916.
XII Helsinki (Finland), 1940.
XIII London (UK), 1944.
XXVII Sydney (Australia), 2000
Winter Olympics
6. Summer Olympics
Kinds of sports:
Badminton
Basketball
Baseball - removed from the Summer Olympics
Wrestling: Greco-Roman wrestling, Freestyle wrestling
Cycling: BMX Cycling, Road Cycling, Track Cycling, Mountain Bike Cycling
Water sports: swimming, synchronized swimming, diving, water polo, open water, water skiing
Volleyball: volleyball, beach volleyball
Gymnastics: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining
Rowing
Rowing and canoeing
Horseback Riding
Athletics
Table tennis
Sailing
Modern pentathlon
Softball - removed from the Summer Olympics
Archery
Shooting: bullet shooting, clay shooting
Triathlon
Taekwondo
Weightlifting
Fencing
Field hockey
Sports excluded from the Olympic program:
Golf (1900, 1904)
Speedboat racing (1908)
Jeu de paume (fr. jeu de paume) (1908)
Cricket (1900)
Croquet (1900)
Lacrosse (1904, 1908)
Basque pelota (1900)
Tug of war (1900, 1904, 1908, 1912, 1920)
Polo (game) or Chovgan (national game) (1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936)
Rackets (1908)
Rugby (1900, 1908, 1920, 1924)
Rock (sports) (1904)
Roller Hockey (1992)
Candidates for inclusion in the Olympic program:
Roller sports
Speed skiing (speed skiing)
Hockey with a ball
Orientation
7. Winter Olympics
Kinds of sports:
Bobsled,
Skeleton
Skating:
Skating,
Figure skating,
Short track
Skiing:
Skiing,
ski biathlon,
Ski race,
Ski jumping,
snowboarding,
Freestyle
luge
Hockey
8. Domestic athletes at the Olympic Games.
Athletes pre-revolutionary Russia took part in the Olympic Games in 1908 and 1912. The first gold medal won by N. Panin-Kolomenkin, who took the lead in figure skating competitions at the Fourth Olympic Games in London (1908). In March 1911, the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) was founded. In 1912, the Russian Olympic team was patronized by Emperor Nicholas II. Unfortunately, only 2 silver and 2 bronze medals were won.
In 1951, the Olympic Committee of the USSR was created, which received recognition from the IOC (International Olympic Committee); since 1952, Soviet athletes have participated in all the Olympic Games (with the exception of the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, 1984).
In 1952, the discus thrower N. Ponomareva became the first Soviet Olympic champion. The largest number gold medals were received by: 9th gymnast L. Latynina; 7 gymnasts N. Andrianov, V. Chukarin, B. Shakhlin; 6 speed skater L. Skoblikova, skier L. Egorova and gymnast V. Shcherbo; 5 gymnasts P. Astakhova and N. Kim. The youngest champion is gymnast R. Galieva (on the day of the victory she was not yet 15 years old), and the oldest of the winners is yachtsman V. Mankin, who won his third gold medal at the age of 42.
After the collapse of the USSR in 1992, the CIS team played at the Olympic Games in Barcelona, in 1994 in Lillehammer and in 1996 in Atlanta, the Russian team. A total of 954 athletes of the USSR, CIS and Russia won the title of Olympic champion. By sport, they were distributed as follows.
Summer sports (736): basketball (52), boxing (14), freestyle wrestling (26), classical wrestling (34), cycling (27), water polo (19), volleyball (72), handball (62), sports gymnastics (84), rhythmic gymnastics (2), academic rowing (18), kayaking and canoeing (41), judo (7), equestrian sports (15), athletics (78), sailing (5), swimming (20), diving (5), modern pentathlon (10), archery (1), bullet and clay shooting (22), weightlifting (41), fencing (45), football (36).
Winter sports (218): biathlon (25), bobsleigh (2), speed skating (17), skiing (35), luge (1), figure skating (24), ice hockey (115). (A. Reztsova is an Olympic champion in biathlon and cross-country skiing).
9. Paralympic Games
In 1948, Ludwig Gutmann, a physician at the Stoke Mandeville Rehabilitation Hospital, brought together British veterans who had returned from the defeat of World War II. spinal cord to participate in sports competitions. Referred to as the "father of sports for people with disabilities", Guttman was a strong advocate for the use of sports to improve the quality of life of disabled people with spinal cord injury. The first Games, which became the prototype of the Paralympic Games, were called the Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games - 1948 and coincided with the Olympic Games in London in time. Guttman had a far-reaching goal - the creation of the Olympic Games for athletes with physical disabilities. The British Stoke Mandeville Games were held annually, and in 1952, with the arrival of the Dutch team of wheelchair athletes to participate in the competition, the Games received international status and numbered 130 participants. The IX Stoke Mandeville Games, which were open not only to war veterans, were held in 1960 in Rome. They are considered the first official Paralympic Games. 400 wheelchair athletes from 23 countries competed in Rome. Since that time, the rapid development of the Paralympic movement in the world began.
In 1976, the first Winter Paralympic Games were held in Ornskoldsvik (Sweden), in which for the first time not only wheelchair users, but also athletes with other categories of disabilities took part. Also in 1976, the Toronto Summer Paralympic Games made history by bringing together 1,600 participants from 40 countries, including the blind and visually impaired, paraplegics, as well as athletes with amputations, spinal cord injuries and other types of physical disabilities.
Competitions, the purpose of which was initially the treatment and rehabilitation of disabled people, have become a sporting event top level necessitated the creation of a governing body. In 1982, the Coordinating Council of International Sports Organizations for the Disabled - ICC was established. Seven years later, the Coordinating Council was transformed into the International Paralympic Council - International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
Another turning point in the Paralympic movement was the 1988 Summer Paralympic Games, which used the same facilities that hosted the Olympic competitions. The 1992 Winter Paralympic Games were held in the same city and in the same arenas as the Olympic competitions. In 2001, the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement that the Paralympic Games should take place in the same year, in the same country, and use the same venues as the Olympic Games. This agreement will remain in effect until the 2012 Summer Games.
Conclusion
The Olympic Movement is Team work people, carried out for the benefit of strengthening peace and friendship between peoples in the spirit of mutual understanding, respect and trust, designed to actively promote the humanistic education of peoples on the ideals of sports.
The Olympic Movement is a social, international movement. It is for the development of sports, it is for a person to achieve physical and spiritual perfection.
The goal of the international Olympic movement is to contribute to building peace, attracting young people to sports, educating them without any discrimination and in the Olympic spirit, i.e. in the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play.
The motto of the Olympic movement is: "No discrimination in sport - neither political, nor religious, nor racial." And this means that all athletes are equal, everyone has equal conditions for competition, for victory.
The Olympic Movement fights for the development of sports as one of the means of achieving the physical and spiritual perfection of a person, for strengthening international cooperation.
Thanks to the development of the Olympic movement, new types of competitions have appeared, the organizers of which are guided by the highest ideals of sports. And these competitions, just like the Olympic Games, help to strengthen peace between peoples. First of all, such competitions include the Goodwill Games (held since 1986), the World Youth Games (first held in 1998 in Moscow), the Paralympic Games, which are analogous to the Olympic Games, but for disabled athletes (began to be held during second half of the 20th century).
Bibliography:
1. Yu. Shanin “From the Hellenes to the present day”; Moscow 1975.
2. V. Barvinsky, S. Vilinsky “Born by the Olympics”; Moscow 1985.
3. B. Bazunov “Olympic torch relay”; Moscow 1990.
4. L. Kuhn “General history of physical culture and sports”; Moscow 1987.
5. Pavlov S.P. Olympic Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1980.
6. http://olymp-games.ru/
7. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympic_Games
8. http://www.olymps.ru/vidy-sporta
When and where did the Olympic Games appear? And who is the founder of the Olympic Games, you will learn from this article.
Brief History of the Olympic Games
The Olympic Games originated in Ancient Greece, because the athleticism inherent in the Greeks became the reason for the emergence of sports games. The founder of the Olympic Games is King Enomai, who organized sport games for those who wished to take his daughter Hippodamia as a wife. According to legend, he was predicted that his son-in-law would be the cause of death. Therefore, young people who won in certain competitions died. Only the cunning Pelops overtook Oenomaus in chariots. So much so that the king broke his neck and died. The prediction came true, and Pelops, becoming king, established every 4 years to organize the Olympic Games in Olympia.
It is believed that in Olympia, the place where the first Olympic Games were held, the first competitions took place in 776 BC. The name of that who was the first winner of the games in ancient Greece - Koreb from Elis, who won the race.
olympic games in ancient greece sports
For the first 13 games, the only sport in which the participants competed was running. Then there was the pentathlon. It included running, javelin throwing, long jump, discus throwing, wrestling. A little later, a chariot race and fisticuffs were added.
The modern program of the Olympic Games includes 7 winter and 28 summer species sports, that is, 15 and 41 disciplines, respectively. Everything depends on the season.
As soon as the Romans annexed Greece to Rome, the number of nationalities that could take part in the games increased. Gladiator fights have been added to the program of competitions. But in 394 AD, Emperor Theodosius I, an admirer of Christianity, canceled the Olympic Games, considering them entertainment for the pagans.
The Olympic Games have sunk into oblivion for as long as 15 centuries. The first who took a step towards the revival of forgotten competitions was the Benedictine monk Bernard de Montfaucon. He was interested in the history and culture of ancient Greece and insisted that excavations should be carried out in the place where the famous Olympia once stood.
In 1766, Richard Chandler found the ruins of unknown structures of antiquity near Mount Kronos. It was part of the temple wall. In 1824, Lord Stanhof, an archaeologist, began excavations on the banks of the Alpheus. In 1828, the baton of the excavations of Olympia was picked up by the French, and in 1875 by the Germans.
Pierre de Coubertin, the French statesman insisted that the Olympic Games should be restarted. And in 1896, the first revived Olympic Games were held in Athens, which are still popular today.
We hope that from this article you have learned where and when the Olympic Games originated.
The modern Olympic Games are sports competitions of an international scale. The tradition of holding them was born even before our era in Ancient Greece, where sport was of great importance for people.
History of occurrence
According to legend, Rhea served as the mother of all ancient Greek gods. mythical creatures with ugly bodies - dactyls. The five Dactyl brothers once traveled to Olympia, a Greek settlement considered a sacred place. Looking at the beautiful figures of divine statues, which were numerous in the temples of Olympia, dactyls wanted to make their bodies a little more attractive. To do this, they began to play sports and compete among themselves in running, thereby laying the foundation for the tradition of arranging sports.
So even in ancient times Athletes' competitions are called Olympic thanks to the place of their first meeting and organized every five years, according to the number of mythical brothers.
After some time, the tradition of holding the Olympic Games was interrupted, but in the 2nd century BC it resumed again. Since then, the interval between the Olympics has been 4 years.
Reason for a truce
Ancient Greece, or as it was also called Hellas, was not a single country. It consisted of several small independent states between which bloody wars constantly took place.
History says that Ifit, the king of the Greek state of Elis, on the territory of which Olympia was located, the prophetic oracle gave advice to organize a spectacular sports festival for the sake of the gods, which will save the country from enemy raids and ruin. Ifit enlisted the support of a respected legislator from Sparta and established regular running competitions in sacred Olympia.
On the eve of the Olympic Games, a truce was established throughout Greece. For a month all wars stopped. In addition, Elis eventually turned into an untouchable country, against which it was forbidden to fight other states.
Organization of the Ancient Games
Celebrations were held all in the same Olympia at the same time, shortly before the grape harvest. They continued for five days. Sports competitions were replaced by sacrifices to the gods, honoring the winners and grandiose feasts.
Initially only men could compete born in Elis and never committed crimes, the rest were only spectators. Women were not allowed to the festival at all. Each Olympic athlete was required to train hard for at least 10 months a year and have an excellent physical form.
Athletes competed in running, later in wrestling and chariot racing.
The winners received special respect, were awarded wreaths of olive branches, palm branches, cash prizes or stocks of meat and other food.
The ancient Olympic Games have always attracted great amount spectators and participants. Merchants used this to make various transactions, artists introduced people to their creations.
Olympics in ancient Rome
In 146 BC, Rome conquered Greece. The Romans did not prohibit the Olympic festivities, but they ceased to be of a sporting nature. Olympic Games turned into a bloody spectacle. There were fierce battles in the stadiums. Gladiators fought each other to the death, fought with bulls and ferocious wild animals.
By the end of the 4th century AD, the Christian faith came to Rome, after which the country's government decided to abandon the Olympic Games as a pagan holiday. And wars and natural disasters over time, Olympia was completely wiped off the face of the earth.
Revival of Olympic traditions
In the 18th century, German scientists became interested in archaeological finds made in the area of ancient Olympia. Excavations of ancient sports facilities led to the emergence in Europe of the idea of resuming the Olympic Games as a powerful incentive for the development of sports culture among the population.
A public figure from France made a special contribution to the return of Olympic traditions Baron Pierre de Coubertin. In his opinion, the European youth of that time had an underdeveloped physical form, but this could change the appearance of regular sports competitions. In addition, through peaceful athletic competitions, young people would have an opportunity to demonstrate one's courage and strength without bloodshed and manifestations of cruelty.
In 1894, an important international event dedicated to the development of sports. It is there that the message of the French baron about the desire to renew the Olympic traditions sounds. The idea gets the support of influential people. And in the same significant year, the International Olympic Committee appears - new organization promoting the development of the sports movement and maintaining healthy lifestyle life. Pierre de Coubertin is given one of the leading posts on the committee.
The summer of 1896 was marked by the first modern Olympic competition. They take place in Greek Athens and become a real event in everything cultural world. The best athletes from 14 states take part in the games.
1924 is marked in history by the organization of the first Winter Olympic Games. Their appearance is associated with the development of numerous winter sports. At present, the difference between winter and summer games is two years.
Modern Games
olympic games now are purely sports in nature and have nothing to do with religion. They are organized in different countries, that is, they do not have a permanent venue. Parallel to competition for healthy participants competitions are held for athletes with disabilities.
In 1913, a special attribute of the Olympic holiday arose - five fastened Olympic rings, symbolizing the unity of the five parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Since 1936, it has been customary in the host country to light the Olympic torch and keep it burning until the end of all sporting events.
Today, as in ancient times, Olympic champions enjoy special honor, because they protect not only their own honor, but also the prestige of their country. Moreover, as in ancient Greece, The Olympics is currently a grand celebration with a number of magnificent ceremonies, which, fortunately, everyone can witness.
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A story about the Olympic Games will help you write essays and prepare for the lesson.
The history of the Olympic Games for younger students
The oldest and most famous of the sports competitions are the Olympic Games, which were held in honor of the god Zeus every 4 years in the sacred Greek city Olympia.
The first games known to us took place in 776 BC. and at the same time the text of the agreement on the rules of the competition was recorded on a bronze disk.
Only Greeks could take part in the Games, barbarians could attend the Games only as spectators. Married women, except for the priestess goddess Demeter , it was forbidden to appear at the festival under pain of death.
With the beginning of the Games in all Greek states, a sacred truce began, which lasted 2 months, during which all hostilities ceased; the region of Olympia became the "sacred zone of the world", into which no one had the right to enter with weapons.
Athletes and their mentors came to Olympia a month before the start of the Games. 10 months were allotted for training. The Games themselves lasted 5 days. On the 1st day, they swore an oath in compliance with all the rules of the competition, sacrifices were made to the gods. On the 2nd day, competitions were held in the group of boys, on the 3rd day - competitions for men, on the 4th - equestrian competitions, the 5th day ended with sacrifices and was dedicated to the solemn ceremony of awarding awards.
The first winner of the Olympic Games was consideredKoronbos (or Koreb)(776 BC), who won the 1 furlong (192.21m) short race.
From 720 BC athletes who had previously performed in loincloths competed naked. The Greeks highly valued the winners of the Olympiads. The winner was awarded a palm branch by the judges. The name of the winner, the name of his father and the fatherland were announced and carved on marble slabs, exhibited in Olympia for public viewing. In addition, athletes were awarded wreaths of branches olive tree, according to legend, planted by Hercules himself, and they were allowed to put their statue in Olympia.
In the 4th century BC. historian Timaeus proposed to keep the chronology of the Olympics, from one Olympics to another.
Games were considered sacred and dedicated to pagan gods; so when the Roman Empire, which included Greece, became a Christian country, they were banned. In April 1896, the First Olympiad took place in Athens, marking the beginning of the modern Olympic movement. The initiator of the revival of the Olympic Games was Pierre de Coubertin.
Now you know how to tell children about the Olympic Games in order to convey only the main information.
Olympic Games are international sports competitions that are held every four years in different cities. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other in individual and team sports. Over 1 billion people watch games on TV.
Modern Olympic Games
The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 BC. They were named as ancient games and continued until the 4th century AD. Modern Olympic Games began in 1896 when Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the whole world. There are summer and winter games. Until 1994, both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged with a two-year break from each other.
The modern Olympic Games begin with the opening ceremony. Athletes from all participating countries enter the stadium. Greece comes out first because it was the first country to host the Olympics and the host last. The Olympic flag is raised and the chosen athlete lights the Olympic flame. It is a symbol of spirit, knowledge and life. The fire burns from the opening to the end of the games.
The Olympic rings were created in 1913 and represent the five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and South America). All athletes must recite the Olympic Oaths. One of them must promise that all athletes will compete in a fair manner. After each event, medals are given to the first three athletes. They receive gold, silver and bronze medals. Their flags are raised and the anthem of the country of the winner is played.
International Olympic Committee
The IOC is the organization that governs the modern Olympic Games. He decides which sports and events will be held at the games. The IOC also selects the host city for the Summer and Winter Games. Cities that want to host games must show that they have enough stadiums for all events, they have enough space for all the athletes, they can provide security for the athletes, they can transport athletes and spectators from one event to the next. They also need to build an Olympic village where all the athletes will live during the games.
How can athletes participate?
As a rule, each country decides for itself which athletes will take part. Athletes must be eligible for the Games by winning competitions held prior to the start of the Olympic Games. Athletes who are sent to the games from their country must be citizens of that country. For many years, only amateurs could compete in the games, but in the modern Olympics today, most of the athletes are professionals who make money through the sport.
ancient games
The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia and Greece every four years. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. Back then, only Greek men were allowed to participate. The games consisted of races, wrestling, boxing, pentathlon and horse racing. The last were, as a rule, chariot races. When the Romans conquered Greece in 140 BC, the games began to lose their religious significance and in 393 the Roman emperor banned the event.
The Summer Games take place during the summer season in the host country. They lasted 16 days. Today there are more than 270 competitions. More than 15,000 athletes from 190 countries take part in them.
The first Winter Olympic Games were held in France in 1924. They usually take place in February. Currently, the Winter Olympic Games include more than 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate in them.
The modern Olympic Games have become very successful and more and more more people can watch them on TV, TV stations are spending more and more money for the right to broadcast the games. The IOC is making more money than ever before. With this money they help athletes in poor countries.
Sochi 2014 Olympic Flame Lighting Ceremony
