Production of paint and varnish products as a business. Production of water-based paints

The production of acrylic paint is not difficult, success depends on the observance of the technological process and the quality of the components. The main item of expenditure is the purchase of equipment. Under favorable circumstances, the investment will pay off after a few months of work.

Acrylic is a polymer or polymer material produced on the basis acrylic acid. Acrylic is clear and almost transparent with the following properties:

• Mechanically stable.
• Not afraid of heat treatment.
• Small specific gravity.
• UV resistant.

On the basis of acrylic, varnishes and paints with water-soluble plastic dispersions are produced, which, when dried, form a strong protective and decorative film.

Acrylic paint contains three main components:

• Pigment.
• Water.
• Binder.

The binder is a synthetic material called an acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints have been produced for over 50 years, and their popularity is still growing. They are versatile and easy to handle, have a bright stable color, fit perfectly on the surface and are very durable to mechanical stress.

Acrylic dries quickly enough due to the evaporation of water, after which the paint forms a strong film of binder and pigment.

There are many uses for acrylic paints. There are acrylic paints:

• For fabrics.
• For building facades.
• For a tree.
• For glass
• Automotive.
• Aerosol.
• ceiling and floor etc.

Acrylic paint can be applied to any dry and clean surface. Fresh acrylic paint washes off easily, while old acrylic paint will require special solvents.

Acrylic paint has the consistency of sour cream and is packaged in any industrial container: barrels, drums, flasks. For retail acrylic paint is available in tin or plastic cans, tubes.

Acrylic paint production

Acrylic paint production special difficulties does not represent: components are mixed together in a special container (dissolver). The dissolver is a container with a mixing system (frame agitator or cutter on the central shaft). The sequence and mode of mixing constitutes the technological process, on which the quality of the final product depends.

Paint components are combustible liquid components and loose pigments. Acrylic paints are moderately aggressive, so all process vessels and pipelines must be made of of stainless steel, and the main mixing container is glazed on the inside. The supply of paint from one container to another is carried out by screw pumps with a supply pipe diameter of 100 mm and a pressure of not more than 8 atmospheres.

Technological sequence of production of acrylic paint

• Water is supplied to the dissolver and the mixer is turned on.
• A complex of components is added according to the recipe.
• The mixture is thoroughly mixed for 1.5-2 hours.
• The dispersion is added followed by mixing.
• The finished paint is poured into containers and stored at a temperature of up to +2 degrees.

Acrylic paint production organization

The data are based on the organization of the production of acrylic paint with a capacity of 3-5 tons per shift.

room

Square production premises should be 40-70 sq. m. The room must be heated (production technology provides for a temperature in the workshop up to 17-19 C).

Communications: electrical supply 380 V, exhaust ventilation, water supply, sewerage. For the warehouse of raw materials and finished products enough space (without heating) up to 40 square meters. m.

Raw material

For the production of acrylic paint is used:

• Dispersion.
• Dispersant.
• Calcium carbonate.
• Defoamer.
• Thickener.
• Coalescent.
• Titanium dioxide.

Equipment

List of main and auxiliary equipment:

• Industrial mixer (dissolver) D-500 1 pc.
• Tanks for bulk components 5 pcs.
• Scales electronic 1 pc.
• Commercial scales 1 pc.
• Forklift 1 pc.
• Hydraulic carts 3 pcs.
• Wooden pallets 10 pcs.

For large-scale productions, economical semi-automatic and automatic dissolvers of higher productivity are used.

workers

Many suppliers offer start-up and commissioning services, as well as time-tested paint formulations. For a workshop with a capacity of up to 5 tons, one process engineer and 2 bottling workers are enough.

Manufacturing economics

The main cost item for preparation of production is the purchase of technological equipment. The calculation is made for new equipment of minimum productivity (up to 5 tons of paint per shift). Costs can be significantly reduced if you purchase used equipment or make it yourself according to drawings.

From the experience of organizing such production, investment costs will be:

• The cost of equipment, start-up and adjustment, personnel training 350-400 thousand rubles.
• Containers, scales 60-80 thousand rubles.
• Forklift, hydraulic carts 200 thousand rubles.

Total: 610-680 thousand rubles.

Current costs per month:

• Rent of premises - 12 thousand rubles.
• Equipment depreciation - 3 thousand rubles.
• Salary of employees - 36 thousand rubles.
• Advertising - 12 thousand rubles.
• Electricity - 4.5 thousand rubles.

Total: 67.5 thousand rubles.

Facade water-dispersed paint is most demanded in the market. Calculate the profitability of the production of such paint for one work shift:

• The cost of raw materials for the production of 1 kg facade paint- 15 rubles.
• The productivity of the equipment is 3,000 kg per shift.
• The raw material component in the cost will be 45,000 rubles.
• Production costs - 2,800 rubles.

Total: total cost - 50,815 rubles.

The average cost of 1 kg of facade paint is 45 rubles. The total amount from the sale of paint produced per shift will be: 135,000 rubles. Monthly profit - about 2 million rubles.

According to calculations, the payback of the project will be less than a month, however, do not flatter yourself. The production of acrylic paint is indeed economically very attractive, but there are obstacles that cannot be avoided.

At first, it is not necessary to count on maximum productivity with the full sale of products. If you start with 50% of your possibilities, it will be very good. Consider also seasonality: the peak of sales will occur during the “construction season”, when the need for paint is greatest. Inevitable problems of lack of assortment at first: the production must gain experience.

In general, the production of acrylic paint is economically very profitable and, with the right attitude, can bring a quick and good economic result.

In this article: the history of water-based paint; composition of water-dispersed paint; production technology; types and characteristics of polymers used in the production of water-based paints; performance characteristics WD paints; how to choose water-dispersed paint; recommendations for use.

At all times, a person wants his house to look neat and attractive. For this, regular cosmetic and overhauls, during which a fresh coat of paint is necessarily applied to the ceiling and walls. And among all existing species of paints and varnishes for interior and exterior decoration of the house, water-based paint is the leader, which is easy to work with and which does not leave an unpleasant smell in the premises, typical for work with other paints and varnishes.

Water-based paint - history

As in the case of a number of modern building materials, two large-scale wars of the last century involuntarily contributed to the emergence of water-dispersion paints - the destroyed cities had to be restored, but the usual building materials were not enough, and they were expensive.

The history of water-based paints began with the discovery by the German chemist Fritz Klatte in 1912 of polyvinyl acetate, better known to us as PVA glue. PVA dispersion became the basic basis for the first water-dispersion paints that appeared in the 1920s.

At the end of the 30s of the last century, synthetic rubber or styrene-butadiene was created in Germany, which became the second type of dispersion for water-based paints.

The last of the existing dispersions - acrylic - and paints based on it were originally developed for artwork. The first acrylic water-based paints were created in 1946-1949 and launched in the early 50s under the Magna paint brand by American artists Sam Golden and Leonard Boku. True, the paints of this brand were intended only for artists, packaged in small tubes and dissolved not with water, but with turpentine or white spirit. Completely water-soluble acrylic paint Boku created and released in 1960.

Styrene-butadiene and acrylic water-based paints entered the construction markets of the post-Soviet states in the 90s from abroad - in the USSR only polyvinyl acetate-based paints were produced and only for industrial needs.

According to its basic composition, it is formed by the smallest particles of polymers suspended in an aqueous medium. In addition, water-dispersion paint, depending on the brand and manufacturer, may contain about 10-15 different additives, including: antifreeze antifreeze; defoamers that reduce foaming; antiseptics (biocides); corrosion inhibitors; thickeners; additives that increase structural viscosity; preservatives; dispersants; plasticizers, etc.

As a percentage by weight, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: 50% - film former dissolved in water (50-60% aqueous dispersion); 37% - fillers and pigments; 7% - plasticizer; 6% - other additives.

Let's take a closer look at the components. Depending on the purpose of the paint, the film former (copolymer) in its composition will be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate dispersions. The role of the white pigment is performed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, in the case of water-based paints of the lower price range - chalk. Filler - chalk, calcite, barite, talc, mica, most often several different minerals are used as a filler at the same time. The solvent in water-dispersed paints is demineralized (purified from mineral salts) water. I would like to note one of the components of such paints - a thickener, the role of which is most often played by carboxymethyl cellulose, which is also CMC glue.

The process of creating a water-dispersion paint consists of the following steps: combining and mixing an aqueous solution of a polymer dispersion with a filler and a pigment; dispersing the resulting pigment paste; introduction of a number of additives that bring the composition of the paint to the TU standard; filtration and packaging of the finished product.

Dispersion is a process in which liquid or solid bodies undergo fine grinding. The dispersion method produces suspensions, powders, aerosols and emulsions.

Mixing and dispersion of the components of water-based paints are carried out in bead and ball mills (dispersers). Grinding takes place in a horizontal or vertical working chamber of the mill, inside which a shaft with disks is installed that accelerates metal beads (diameter - up to 4 mm) or balls (diameter from 30 mm) made of steel, aluminum oxide and zirconium. Dispersion is the more intense, the higher the hardness and specific gravity of the metal balls.

The pigment paste obtained as a result of dispersion is placed in a dissolver. In its container, having the shape of a torus, a frame mixer is installed, the rotation of which prevents thick and sticky components from settling on the walls and bottom of the dissolver, and the composition of the water-based paint is brought to standard characteristics.

The timing of mixing the components of a water-dispersed paint depends on the volume of the mixture, the initial characteristics of the components to be laid, the power of the dispersant and dissolver - as a rule, 20-30 minutes are enough for each of the operations.

At the final stage, the finished paint is passed through mesh filters and poured into containers. The entire cycle of paint production must take place at an air temperature of at least +5 °C.

The dependence of the characteristics of water-based paint on the binder polymer in their composition

Paints produced today water based contain one of the five types of binder, giving water-dispersed paint as positive traits, as well as disadvantages:

• polyvinyl acetate, paint marking "VD-VA". In terms of quality, paints with this polymer binder are of the least quality - they turn yellow over time, a dense, opaque film forms on the surface, and the applied layer of paint is not waterproof. Weak characteristics do not justify low price, such paints have only a narrowly focused application;
• butadiene-styrene, paint marking "VD-KCh". Possessing good water resistance and low price, water-based paints on this binder, as well as on PVA, form an excessively dense surface film and are not resistant to sunlight. Paint brand "VD-KCh" can only be used for internal works;
• styrene-acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". According to the qualitative characteristics of the paint on this polymer, it is much better than those described above; they can be applied both to external and internal surfaces. The coating formed by them is porous and, accordingly, vapor-permeable, resistant to solar radiation and atmospheric events. The small particle size of the polymer, not exceeding 0.15 microns, provides high-quality adhesion to almost any surface, penetration into porous surfaces, which increases their strength;
• acrylate, paint marking "VD-AK". This polymer is more expensive than styrene-acrylate, has higher quality characteristics in all respects - a more rigid coating gives high resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation. These paints are widely used in facade works and for drawing on wooden surfaces;
• versatat, paint marking "VD-AK". The polymer versatat has been used in the composition of water-based paints not so long ago; in terms of the quality of the coating on this binder, they are not inferior to acrylic paints, while their price is lower and approximately corresponds to the cost of paints on a styrene-acrylate binder.

Depending on the type and amount of polymer binder, these paints have the following positive qualities:

• do not contain toxic components, practically odorless;
• easy to apply on the surface, diluted with water;
• able to bridge cracks up to 1 mm wide;
• not combustible;
• resistant to moisture (washout resistance);
• elastic and durable, no chalking;
• resistant to ultraviolet and atmospheric phenomena;
• resistant to wear;
• just tint in any color shade;
• accidental drops of paint can be easily removed with a damp cloth;
• vapor-permeable, which means that colonies of fungus and mold will not appear;
• resistant to alkalis;
• have high adhesion (tight fit) to the base;
• retain color, gloss and resistance to yellowing;
• dry quickly, usually in 40 minutes;
• a layer of water-based paint on the surfaces painted by them will last about 10-15 years.

Negative qualities of water-based paints, compared with alkyd and oil paints:

• storage and painting work can only be carried out at temperatures above +5 ° C. Painting at lower temperatures will lead to uneven distribution of the paint, it will dry for a long time. If, during storage, the paint has gone through a cycle of freezing and thawing, its qualitative characteristics will be completely lost;
• for painting exterior surfaces and surfaces of wet rooms, you can use only expensive water-dispersed paints, on an acrylate and verstat binder;
• high cost, exceeding the price of organically diluted coatings by 10-15% - manufacturers explain this by the complex composition of the paint. On the other hand, the room after painting VD AK is much easier to clean, because. no need to wipe stains with a rag with an unpleasantly smelling solvent;
• before painting with water-based paints wooden surfaces their careful preparation is required - the application of the first layer, its complete drying, then careful grinding and a new layer of paint, re-polishing. The fact is that the surface tension of a layer of water-dispersed paint is much higher than that of other paintwork materials - wood pile will be raised.

Application area. Water-dispersed paints are specialized according to the requirements for painted surfaces - for interior and external works, for dry and damp rooms. Accordingly, interior paint on exterior surfaces or dry interior paint on damp surfaces can be applied, but it will peel off after a few months, because it contains a smaller amount of film former and protective additives.

Appearance. Water-based paints are produced, giving a matte, glossy and silky-matte finish. Paints that form a matte and silky-matt surface are great for ceilings and for painting wallpapers, but, unlike glossy surfaces, they are less resistant to abrasion - they cannot be washed frequently.

Color. Water-based paints, most often, have White color- To obtain the desired color scheme, they need to be tinted. Jars with colors and tables of color created by the color of a given color are present in every hardware store.

Quality indicators in appearance:

• chromaticity. Open a can of paint, visually assess the degree of its whiteness - if the manufacturer used high-quality and expensive titanium dioxide, then the color will be exceptionally white, without any shades;
• hiding power. It depends on the consumption of paint and the number of layers that must be applied to the surface to bring them into proper form. This indicator depends on the percentage and quality of the pigment, the density and density of the paint. There are two ways to reduce the cost of water-based paint production, popular among small manufacturers - 1) add water, lowering the density of the emulsion, 2) introduce more inexpensive filler, while increasing the density. It is possible to evaluate the covering power without test coloring by weighing 10 liter jar with water-dispersed paint - on average, its density should be 1.5 kg / l, i.e. quality paint in a 10-liter container will weigh about 15 kg ("+" or "-" 1 kg).

Marking on a can of paint. Water-based paint is marked with the letters "VD", which means "water-dispersed", further letter designation polymer, for example, "KCh" or butadiene-styrene. Then the numbers follow - the first one means the area of ​​​​application of this paint, if it is “1”, then “for external work”, if “2”, then “for internal”. The numbers following the first indicate the catalog number - we do not need them. Make sure that there is an inscription on compliance with the conditions of GOST 28196-89, if TU is given instead - the quality of the paint may be low.

Manufacturer. On the local market, you will find a significant range of water-based paints from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. You can judge the quality of a particular brand by the reviews of your friends who have already used it in repairs and by the age of this manufacturing company - if it is younger than 3 years, it is better not to mess with its products. The fact is that the production of water-dispersed paints does not require any particularly large-scale production - by and large, only a dispersant and a dissolver are required. Therefore, any more or less intelligent "small entrepreneur" can produce them, most often making paint "by eye" and having neither a laboratory nor a technologist in his staff. The larger the manufacturing company, the wider the range of its products, the better the product itself will be.

Price. It cannot be lower than one $1 (US) per liter - if you are offered paint at a lower price, then it is of poor quality. The cost of water-based paint is determined not territorial location manufacturing plants and not the cost of labor force, and the current price of the components that are introduced into its composition. Almost all world manufacturers of high-quality pigments and polymers are located in Europe, so the cost of a good water-based paint will be almost the same in Europe and in Russia - for the import of raw materials for the production of water-based paint from abroad Russian manufacturers pay relatively high customs duties. But the true reasons for the low cost are cheap raw materials and a violation of technology in production.

Before starting work on painting with water-based paint, the surfaces must be prepared: previously painted, cleaned of dirt and dust by successively washing it with water with washing powder and clean water; painted with chalk and lime to remove layers old paint; smooth out irregularities with a putty, after drying which sand and clean the surface from dust.

If painting work is carried out in the cold season, then the can of paint must be kept indoors for at least 24 hours, then opened, removed all visible inclusions and films, mixed thoroughly and added, when painting with a spray, 10% water. Paint consumption is indicated by the manufacturer on the container, on average it will be 150-250 g / m 2 with a two-layer application. Having calculated the approximate consumption, perform the tinting of the paint - it is necessary to tint a 10% larger volume than the one that you calculated by the average paint consumption. Reasons: the consumption will be higher in any case, and it will not be possible to “get into color” when trying to tint a new portion of paint - the color tone will be at least a little, but different.

To reduce the consumption of water-based paint, a preliminary application of a primer layer on the surface to be painted will help - it is much cheaper than paint.

Abdyuzhanov Rustam, rmnt.ru

Paints and varnishes are products that are used to cover and paint a variety of surfaces. They are a special solution in the form of a suspension, and when applied to the surface to be painted, they form a kind of coating with certain qualities. They are among the most sought after building materials and participate in the repair of any complexity, in various finishing works. Paints and varnishes are divided into many types:

• Various adhesives.
• Putties.
• Paints.
• Primers.
• Enamels, etc.

Classification series of paints and varnishes

The production of paints and varnishes implies that the person who decides to open a business is well versed in the classifications of these materials.

• The main materials, which are the most common in the construction and finishing materials, are varnishes that leave the colored coating transparent.
• Secondly, the paint, which forms a coating of different colors. The composition of the paint can be oily (they contain drying oil) and water-dispersion.
• Thirdly, enamel.
• Fourth, primer and putty.
• How semi-finished products use an intermediate category: this includes drying oil, which helps the surface dry as soon as possible.
• Resins, solvent for paints and varnishes.

Organization of a business for the manufacture of coatings

The production of paints and varnishes is currently a very profitable and cost-effective business. However, as in any other work, the business plan must be clearly and correctly organized. It is believed that the most attractive and interesting direction in this area is the business for the production of water-dispersion materials.

Their production has more than a hundred years of history. The most popular are paints and varnishes acquired in the West, since in Russia for a very long time nothing was produced except glues and paints of terrible quality.

Dispersion paints are more environmentally friendly, less harmful to health and very easy to use, so even beginners use them. repair work Oh. Since the modern construction market is just beginning to master this type of paint, the business for their production in Russia can turn out to be very successful and promising.

The main issues to pay attention to when organizing your business are the following:

• Production room.
• Necessary and high-quality raw materials.
• Equipment for paint and varnish production.
• Developed technology for production.

An important condition will be an analysis of the market in which you plan to work, that is, it is necessary to carry out a number of marketing research. It is also necessary to take into account when you will receive the first profit, and calculate the cost of the resulting product. For good and quality work you need to find a room for production that will be heated.

Its area should be at least 25 m 2, there should be a sufficient voltage level and constant access to tap water. Many arrange a base for the production of coatings in their garage, and in the summer they install the necessary equipment on the street. It is also necessary to take into account that it is necessary to initially spend about 250 thousand rubles on the purchase of high-quality raw materials: various additives, pigments, thickeners and other components.

In addition, additional costs must be taken into account. This is the payment for the rented premises, for electricity and water, and wage workers, and much more. But, given the profits you will make, the production of paints and varnishes is undoubtedly very productive and promising. It is only necessary to have an initial capital of about 500 thousand rubles.

LKM production technology

Currently, there are a wide variety of modern production technologies. Technological lines for the production of paints and varnishes are offered by various manufacturing companies.

Firstly, it is a line for the production of low viscosity materials, the mixer capacity of which can reach thousands of kilograms per hour. These include a variety of impregnations, primers. Such a line includes: a mixer with a volume of 1 cubic meter, a main, a special system that controls the continuous supply of water, purifying primary filters, a pump for polymer dispersion of particles, three pumps for modifiers, a weighing platform with electronic sensors and a main control panel for the entire technology. Such a technological line will cost about 160 thousand rubles.

Secondly, a line is offered based on the production of low viscosity materials and materials with a medium viscosity. These are paints, varnishes, various primers and so on. Such a line will cost a little more - about 165-180 thousand rubles.

Third variety technological lines there will be a line for the production of putties. Its cost is 135 thousand. There are many more options out there.

The production of paints and varnishes, in principle, is simple and consists of the following stages. Water is first poured into a special bowl (bowl), then the minimum speed is turned on. Next, all components are loaded, then chalk and titanium dioxide are poured. In the future, the resulting mixture is emulsified and packaged in the necessary containers.

Equipment and materials for coatings

The production of paints and varnishes requires the purchase of good equipment. Engaging in the creation of such equipment is no less promising and profitable. Various types of varnishes, paints, fillers, enamels and so on remain the most popular materials among builders of various categories.

Currently, the production of paints and varnishes in Russia is gaining momentum, and for it, of course, equipment is needed. Therefore, there is no competition as such in this area. Equipment for paint and varnish production can be very diverse. It can be bead mills - submersible and ball, various mixers.

Raw materials for the production of coatings

For proper and high-quality work in the production of paints and varnishes, it is necessary to select and purchase the necessary and high-quality primary raw materials, from which semi-finished products will be made in the future, and as a result, finished paints and varnishes. Usually, small companies buy ready-made semi-finished products right away and simply complete the process of technological processing of paintwork materials.

The necessary raw materials are a variety of fillers, pigments of different colors, binders and thickeners. The initial purchase of such raw materials will be approximately estimated at 150-165 thousand rubles. The rest of the expenses (about 40 thousand) will be spent on the necessary packaging and containers for the finished product.

Types of paints and varnishes

Paints and varnishes are classified according to their state of aggregation into liquid, powder and paste. They create a special coating on the painted surface, and as a result, the surface acquires decorative and protective functions. All paints and varnishes are divided into three categories.

• The main materials include paint, enamel, putty and primer. Such materials leave the painted surface transparent.
• Intermediate materials include resins, drying oil, solvents, and so on.
• And the third category is made up of mastics, various washes and hardeners. Putties fill various irregularities and smooth the repaired surface.

Currently, a certain type of colorful materials is becoming increasingly popular - latex paint.

latex paint

These materials are water based. This is a fairly versatile and standard paint, another advantage of which is that it is easy to clean. It is used in the repair of both external and internal finishing works. The next advantage of latex paint is that it is easy to dilute it with water, and the tools that repairmen work with are just as easy to clean with a simple soapy solution.

This paint is more environmentally friendly, does not have toxic properties and does not have a strong odor. This odor will gradually dissipate as the surface to be painted begins to dry, however, as with other paint materials, the room must be well ventilated. Latex paints are more resistant to high temperatures, fire and fading.

This makes it possible to use them in various finishing exterior facade works. Another advantage over other paints is that latex paints dry quickly, within an hour. Due to their unique structure, they are very firmly bonded to the painted surface and are resistant to various natural influences. Therefore, by building your business on the sale of this material, you will certainly win.

Production of varnishes and paints

Currently on the Russian market you can find a lot of organic materials: paints, primers, solvents and various water-dispersion materials. Of the total volume of manufactured paint and varnish products in the chemical industry, approximately 3% is the production of varnishes.

To date, almost all Russian market paint and varnish materials belongs to small enterprises, and large organizations are not loaded even at half their capacity. The essence of the organization of the line for the production of coatings is that in special bead dispersants, each individual pigment is dispersed in the varnish itself. The result is pigmented paints.

The principle of production of pigmented paste is slightly different. It is made on mixers that are constantly working and set in motion bead mills, where the necessary pigments are supplied. The production of enamel takes place in mixers, where the dosed enamel is fed by a dosing device. In the future, the already finished enamel is cleaned of impurities and packaged.

Primer production

A primer is a type of paint and varnish materials that refer to suspensions of various pigments with special fillers. They are applied as the first layer of coating and provide good connection the next layer of paint with the painted surface. There is a huge variety of types of primers: moisture resistant; protecting against corrosion and preventing the appearance of rust on the metal.

Primer production is a process that uses both natural and chemical substances. Drying oils, various resins of alkyd origin, and so on are involved in the creation of the primer. Many primers, like paints, contain a variety of pigments or natural fillers, such as calcium, talc or mica.

Primer production equipment includes a special dispersion spray dispenser; a filter for the primary purification of incoming water, as well as syringes - dispensers for the remaining components - modifiers.

Putty production

The process of making putty is quite simple, and some repairmen create it right on the job. For manufacturing, you must have chalk, glue, blue vitriol, latex and sulfacel. All these ingredients are mixed in one container, and then transferred to special equipment, which brings the resulting mixture to the desired consistency.

There are many types of putties, so you need to choose them taking into account specifications. Attention should be paid to the structure and appearance of the surface to be treated and how it will behave this species putties at certain temperatures.

Enamel production

Enamel in the modern market of building and finishing materials is one of the most popular paints and varnishes. This is due to the fact that it very easily falls on the surface to be painted, after drying it creates a hard film, which later has a varied texture and decorative benefits. Enamels can be oil, nitrocellulose, alkyd and so on.

In the first place in demand are alkyd enamels. They are most often used for interior repairs: for painting furniture, appliances, floors and other elements in the house. The advantage of nitrocellulose enamels lies in a wide choice of colors, they have a more pronounced sheen, similar to glossy. However, under the influence of natural factors, such enamel can easily fade and crack.

conclusions

As noted above, the manufacture of paints and varnishes is an excellent area where you can organize your business and, no doubt, lead the market for building and finishing materials. Whatever business you want to open, the production of equipment for coatings, the production of primers or other types of coatings, the main rule is the correct organization of a business project and high-quality primary raw materials. As a result, having spent an initial capital of about 500 thousand rubles, you can receive the same amount every month!

Paintwork material (LKM) - a product that, when applied in a thin layer on a product, can form a protective or decorative film (coating) on ​​the surface.

. Assortment of paints and varnishes (LKM):

• Lucky (solutions of film-forming substances in organic solvents or in water, forming after curing (drying) a hard, uniform and transparent film).
• enamels (suspensions of pigments or their mixtures with fillers in varnish, forming after drying an opaque solid film with different gloss and surface texture) - according to the degree of gloss, enamels are divided into glossy, semi-gloss, matte, semi-matte.
• Paints for interior and exterior works, facade, texture coatings of wood (suspensions of pigments with fillers in drying oil, emulsion, latex or other film-forming substance, which forms an opaque, uniform film after drying). Paints are divided into oil (based on drying oil) and water-based (based on aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers).
• Primers , primers (a suspension of pigments with fillers in a film-forming substance, which after drying forms an opaque film with good adhesion to the substrate and protection of metals from corrosion).
• Putties (viscous paste-like masses consisting of a mixture of pigments, fillers and a film-forming substance and designed to fill the irregularities and depressions of the painted surface).
• Drying oils (film-forming liquid obtained by processing vegetable oils with the introduction of desiccants to speed up drying).
• PVA dispersion (polyvinyl acetate dispersion - a viscous liquid of white or slightly yellowish color - a universal material with high adhesive power. It is used in the production of water-dispersion paints, putties, primers, PVA adhesives and other building materials).

The dispersion of the pigment is characterized by the size of its particles, which should not exceed the thickness of the paint film, otherwise the surface will be uneven, rough. The size of the pigment particles depends on the purpose of the paintwork material. The best hiding power is achieved when using pigment particles of 0.2-10 microns.

. Water-dispersion paints

High-quality water-based paints not only are not inferior to the best oil and perchlorovinyl paints, but also surpass them in a number of indicators (weather resistance and durability of the coating, resistance to dirt, drying speed) and compare favorably with the absence of volatile organic components.

Water-dispersion paints make it possible to obtain a number of technological advantages (the ability to paint wet surfaces; the use of various methods of application (brush, roller, spray gun, electrophoretic deposition); harmlessness and less laborious cleaning of equipment in contact with the paint; transportation and storage of dry paints and "breeding" them immediately before application to the surface).

The quality and manufacturability of coatings, including water-dispersion (WDM), is largely determined by the degree and nature of dispersion of the solid phase - pigments and fillers.
The degree of dispersion and the shape of the solid particles directly affects:

• hiding power
• protective properties
• paint stability during storage (resistance to delamination).

Water-dispersion paints are conditionally divided into three groups:

• paints for general construction purposes (including facade paints) - particle size 30-70 microns
• paints (enamels) for high-class coatings - particle size is not more than 15-25 microns
• special materials (eg. pigment pastes) - particle size 2-5 microns.

The production of paints and varnishes in Russia occupies a leading position among many types of business. The main consumer demand for products arose in connection with:

1. ubiquitous building.
2. Repair work in new homes and the private sector.
3. Planned reconstruction of city buildings and structures.
4. An increase in the number of furniture factories and industrial enterprises.

Market analysis

Statistical data regarding the sales market and the consumer ability of the Russians themselves are ambiguous. The crisis has affected great amount technological aspects, as most equipment for production was brought from abroad. Nevertheless, materials collected by analytical companies and statistical bureaus for the period from 2010 to 2016 show:

• a significant increase in consumer demand and a favorable outlook for domestic exports;
• since 2010, the pace of consumer demand has gradually begun to return to "pre-crisis times", which allowed technologists to increase production volumes by at least 10% per year;
• annual profit of large Russian companies amounted to more than 172.8 million euros, and the total flow of exported products significantly exceeded the mark of 62 thousand tons.

Despite this, competition within the industry is still high. This is due to the fact that the bulk of customers are large construction companies and industrial associations that are accustomed to working with one manufacturer or buying up existing products from competitors, thereby knocking out a good discount for themselves.

Registration and organization of business

Organizing not just a business, but an entire production is not an easy task. To begin with, having assessed all possible risks and the degree of responsibility, you need to choose the most appropriate form for registration.
Since the amount of work and the amount invested in the business are astronomical, it is better to become the founder of an LLC. Representatives of the company are not personally responsible for the affairs of the company and compensate for losses only with the help of the property and funds of the company.

In order to register a Limited Liability Company, you will need:

1. Write an application to the tax service about the desire to become a founder.
2. Prepare the Articles of Association of the LLC.
3. Buy a print.
4. Contribute authorized capital- the minimum amount of which is 10 thousand rubles.

Required documents

The procedure for collecting all the necessary documentation will take a lot of time, because for produced by LKM it is important not only to prepare the premises and organize the work, but also to be tested for compliance of the final product with the declared standards.

Thus, to start a workshop or plant, you will need:

• certificate of establishment of LLC;
• charter of LLC;
• lease contract;
• fire compliance;
• GOST-standard certificate;
• tax payment certificates (rent, regional tax, etc.);
• workplace briefing log;
• code of labor protection rules.

Paint classification

All paints and varnishes, regardless of the complexity of their production, are divided by composition and scope. For paints, there is the following classification, developed and compiled taking into account all the main features of each type of substance:

1. polymer paints. It is a suspension consisting of polymers or perchlorovinyl resin. This paint has a high weather resistance and has served faithfully for more than 12 years. To the number positive characteristics its vapor permeability is related, which does not interfere with the operation of natural ventilation, but at the same time protects the outer steppes of buildings from moisture.

This type of coloring matter is used exclusively on external surfaces (building facades), because of its toxicity. Polymer paints also include:

• rubber;
• coumarone rubber;
• chlorinated rubber;
• silicon-organic coatings.

1. latex paints. The coloring composition includes 2 immiscible components, the particles of which are evenly distributed in the total mass fraction of the final product. An emulsifier must be added to prepare a solution that is resistant to delamination.
2. Water based paint. Absolutely non-toxic. Ideal for both indoor and outdoor exterior finish. It contains:

• film-forming substances (resin or rubber);
• water;
• emulsifier;
• pigment;
• additives that improve the properties of paint.

The final product is a powder or paste. For implementation painting works water is added to it.

• water;
• polymer;
• white portland cement.

Additionally, the composition includes: pigment and filler (lime flour, talc, etc.). Scope - factory finishing of large panels and blocks, painting of building facades.

1. Enamel paints. This is a composition consisting of varnish and coloring pigment. For better adhesion to the surface and its protection, the following are added to the main coloring matter:

• glyphthalic, perchlorovinyl, alkyd-styrene polymers;
• synthetic resins;
• ethers;
• cellulose.

In turn, enamel paints are divided into:

• building enamels from glyptal resins. They are mainly used for interior finishing work on plaster and wood, as well as for factory finishing of asbestos-cement sheets, fiberboards;
• nitroglyphthalic and pentaphthalic enamels. They are used for interior and exterior painting work;
• perchlorovinyl enamel paints. They are characterized by increased moisture resistance, they are used for outdoor decoration;
• bituminous enamel paints. They are obtained by adding aluminum pigment (aluminum powder) to the main composition. These enamels are resistant to water, so they are used for painting sanitary equipment, steel window frames, gratings.

1. Oil paints. Available in liquid and thickened forms. Produced by carefully grinding drying oil with pigment and a special fixative.

Premises and equipment

The choice of production premises is a pledge successful work the entire enterprise. Technological standards, norms and rules for the organization of labor activity, as well as freedom of movement within the warehouse and beyond determine the main characteristics that a workshop must have.

The main qualities of the production space include:

1. The presence of a transport interchange.
2. The area of ​​the room must be at least 40m2.
3. The ability to maintain the temperature in the room at least 23 ° C.
4. Powerful exhaust ventilation.
5. Possibility of installation of technical water supply.
6. Efficient fire extinguishing system, preferably automatic carbon dioxide.

Requirements for the installation of equipment are also technically fixed. The choice of the most suitable depends on the types of paint produced and its quality. Standard set necessary equipment includes:

• beaded or ball mill(otherwise - dispersant)
• A dissolver is a device that mixes paint with water.
• electronic balance.
• hydraulic trolley.
• screw pumps, for pumping paint to the packing area.
• filtration and bottling system.
• packaging containers.
• retail accessories.

Raw materials and purchases

It is necessary to purchase raw materials based on the characteristics of production. Scales, type of coloring matter are included in these parameters. In order to accurately determine the main composition and quantity of purchased raw materials, we turn to the summary table for the production of matte water-dispersion paint for outdoor use.

The quantity of raw materials is indicated for the production of one gallon of the substance.

As it becomes clear from the main indicators, the amount of source material required is small. It is better to order coloring pigments from Russian manufacturers.

The technology of production at chemical and other plants within the country by 2016 reached sufficient level not to use emulsifiers and thickeners of foreign production. In addition, this will help to independently determine the cost of the material for various groups of buyers (within the pricing policy, respectively).

Staff

Even for the organization of the work of a small workshop, it is necessary to correctly determine staffing enterprises. Technological process and administrative work should be strictly regulated by the following specialists:

1. Logistics specialist.
2. A manager who will deal with purchases and sales.
3. Chief technologist. This person designs all production line from start to finish.
4. HR Specialist.
5. Storekeeper.
6. 1C operator or PC operator.

Advertising and sales market

Since there is no particular confidence in newcomers, it is better to apply for participation in the tender for transport organizations. Choose less than well-known firms engaged in passenger and cargo transportation by water transport. It is the specialists of the “water sphere of activity” who are happy to cooperate with newcomers because of the low cost of production.

Additionally, you can hang posters around the city advertising a new store or production base. Launch advertising on popular radio stations for drivers and workers - Russian Radio, Police Wave, and the like.

It would not be superfluous to decorate the base or the store with a bright sign so that drivers and passengers of public transport passing by constantly see the banner and, accordingly, apply for goods to the base (warehouse, store).

The financial component of the business

Calculating production costs is not an easy task. There are always a number of side expenses and investments, which, on the one hand, are directly related to the organization of the business, and on the other hand, were not taken into account when drawing up a business plan. Therefore, the total cost of production is best rounded up.

Cost of opening and maintaining

For the start and the first month of work, you will need at least 1,400,000 rubles. Let's take a closer look at what this number consists of:

• work of a lawyer;
• payment of state duties;
• contribution of the authorized capital.

1. Next, you need to select and rent a room - this is at least another 150,000 rubles. Included in the price:

• monthly rent;
• warehouse rental.

1. It will take at least 100 thousand rubles to pay workers and administration.
2. Light, water, fire and other systems - 25,000 rubles.
3. Purchase and depreciation of equipment - 700,000 rubles.
4. Taxes - 300,000 rubles.

Transportation costs are not taken into account in the calculation, as many entrepreneurs choose various ways transportation, respectively, it will not work to calculate the exact or approximate amount.

The cost of the further working period is calculated according to the formula: depreciation of equipment + utility bills + salary + taxes + rent + transportation costs.

Size of future income

The approximate amount of monthly income is made up of consumer activity and the number of deals made with large firms. Many novice manufacturers receive no more than 150,000 rubles a month. This is due to an insufficiently thought-out advertising campaign and the desire to stand out from the background of numerous competitors.

You can actively earn and receive a solid income only after working out an economic strategy, regardless of the successes and trading model of other paint and varnish sellers. This approach will help to significantly increase the sales market and receive at least 300 thousand rubles a month. Net profit (excluding company funds) will amount to 150 thousand rubles.

Payback period

As mentioned above, beginners get a little. But wisely using all the possibilities and, having drawn up a marketing line, the enterprise will fully pay off in about 1 year of work.

It is almost impossible to launch a production line without a well-thought-out business plan. The technological process, administrative work and other technical issues require constant participation in the affairs of the company.

For the most profitable and systematic growth of income, it is better to focus on cooperation in those areas of activity that large enterprises and eminent companies have not yet managed to occupy. It is even better to develop and draw up a fundamentally new economic proposal.