Styles of Russian painting (20 photos). Painting on wood with acrylic paints: decorative and folk technique for beginners

All photos from the article

Wood painting is a fairly old, but still quite relevant technique for making decorative objects, which is also used in interior work. To master this technique, special skills are not required (however, the better you draw, the better the result will be), so our article will be useful not only experienced craftsmen but also for beginners.

Work materials

Paint selection

Naturally, if we are going to draw, then the choice of art materials will be one of the first places. Today, both professionals and amateurs use the most different colors on wood for painting, and so that you can make a choice, we have compiled a small table:

Dye	Peculiarities
Acrylic	Artistic acrylic paints on water and water-alcohol based are undoubtedly the best choice for many decorating jobs, and wood painting is no exception. Art acrylic: Easy to apply on prepared surface. It has a significant hiding power (the texture of the material does not show through under it). Dries fairly quickly. Does not fade when dry and practically does not discolor over time. The only significant drawback of acrylic paints is the rather high price: compositions from manufacturers with a name cost quite a lot. And if you consider that sometimes you need a whole palette to draw, then total amount come out, to put it mildly, impressive.
Tempera	It is used somewhat less often than acrylic, since it is more difficult to apply. At the same time, tempera painting is used when it is necessary to convey natural, softer colors. Tempera is also opaque and dries well without warping or cracking.
Gouache	Gouache paints for decorating wooden surfaces are used somewhat less frequently, since gouache is not durable and therefore requires additional protection (varnishing, glazing). You can partially compensate for this shortcoming by thickening gouache. To do this, from 15 to 30% (by volume) of PVA glue is added to the paint container.
Watercolor	Watercolor paints are very rarely used as an independent pigment, because their structure does not allow clear contours to be applied. Because of high content water, the color spot spreads as the pigment moves along the fibers. At the same time, watercolor painting on wood is used as an auxiliary technique, for example, for tinting areas during carving or burning.

Naturally, here we have described only the most extensive groups. decorative compositions that are used in the design. There are dozens of major brands on the market today, and palettes contain hundreds and thousands of various shades, so finding the right paint is not difficult.

Components and Tools

Different types of wood painting involve the use of different methods and techniques, however, a set of tools and additional materials the artist will still be about the same. Below we provide an indicative list, which can be considered a “minimum program”. Start with this list, and over time, getting involved in the work, you will understand what exactly you need to add.

So, to prepare wooden surfaces for painting, the following are used:

• Skins with different size grains for polishing wood.
• Putties for sealing defects and gaps between individual parts.

Note!
can be bought at ready-made, but you can make it yourself by mixing PVA glue, small sawdust and oil paint desired shade.
It is desirable that the putty be at least as dark as the main part, since in this case you will have to spend time and effort masking a dark spot.

• Water, alcohol or oil stains.
• Paints in cylinders for quick application of a primer coat.
• Primers for wood (special artistic or universal, based on aqueous solution PVA glue).

If we talk about the process of decoration itself, then the technology of painting on wood involves the use of the following tools:

• Art brushes different sizes (from #0 to #10). Of the materials, kolinsky brushes are best, but they are quite expensive. It is for this reason that beginners are advised to master the painting technique with "squirrel" brushes or bristle products, and only then switch to expensive products.

Note!
If you have never been involved in painting or drawing in general, then you can try your hand with synthetic brushes.
Their quality is not so hot, but the cost is quite budgetary.

• Paint brushes- wider, often flat shape. They can be both natural and synthetic, depending on what kind of composition is planned to be used for varnishing wood.
• Rollers - for processing large surfaces.

• The airbrush is used by professionals to quickly apply a picture and to create smooth color gradients. When using airbrushing, stencils for painting on wood are often used. acrylic paints made of cardboard or thin plastic.

Auxiliary items include:

• A palette is a wooden or plastic plate for mixing paints.
• Masking tape - for decoration straight lines and to protect sites.
• Rags - for wiping hands, brushes, as well as for quickly removing paint drops from various surfaces.
• Jars of water - for washing brushes and diluting paint.

Note!
When working with alcohol-based art acrylic, experts recommend using a mixture of vodka and water (1:1) instead of water.
The use of such a mixture allows you to apply acrylic paints evenly, without streaks and flow.

painting technique

Surface preparation

Now that we have everything we need, we can get to work. The following is an instruction that describes the methodology for performing the basic operations for painting a wooden product.

Advice!
A novice artist should practice on blanks that can be easily found in specialized stores.
If you have mastered the basics, then you can proceed to decorating furniture, making decorative panels, etc.

In order for the paint to lay flat and hold firmly, the wood must be prepared for painting.

It is done like this:

• If the object is made of several parts, then all the gaps between them must be carefully puttied. After completing the putty, leave the product until the material dries and becomes hard enough for grinding.
• We take sandpaper and process the surfaces to be painted to remove all irregularities. At the same time, it is important to gradually reduce the size of the abrasive grain: this way we will get a uniform silky texture.

• When processing, make sure that the sandpaper does not make burrs. To do this, all movements are performed exclusively along the fibers.
• After finishing sanding, dust off the surface. To do this, just wipe the tree with a damp cloth and let it dry.

After drying, go to the primer.

Here you can do it in two ways:

• Firstly, the tree can be impregnated with wood stain.
• Secondly, you can apply a primer layer. You can use PVA glue diluted with water, spray paint (preferably matte) or acrylic / tempera paint that we apply wide brush or roller.

Note!
Since acrylic paints for painting on wood have good hiding power, they can also be used on dark ground.
But tempera or watercolor have a fairly transparent texture, because the dark base will shine through, so it's better to take a light primer.

Drawing contours

Even if you have a good command of the painting technique, you still need to work according to a previously applied sketch.

At the same time, create an image on wooden surface can be done in several ways:

• Firstly, we can draw the ornament or picture we need with a simple pencil. To facilitate the work on the object, we apply a scale grid, after which we draw on it, observing the proportions.

• Secondly, you can copy the finished drawing. We print the image on the printer, put a sheet of carbon paper under it and trace the contours with a simple pencil or plastic rod.

Advice!
Traces of carbon paper from wood are easily erased, so the painting must be done carefully, trying not to erase the applied lines.

• Thirdly, geometric ornaments are often not copied, but perforated. To do this, we fix the sheet with the pattern on top of the board and with a thin needle we put shallow punctures on the tree at key points. After that, remove the paper, and connect the marks on the tree with lines using a ruler.
• Finally, you can use ready-made templates for painting on wood. And although they are usually used directly at the stage of applying paint, you can copy the desired pattern using a template or stencil, which will allow us to navigate when painting.

In some cases, the matter is not limited to simple contouring. The depicted lines can either be cut with a cutter, forming relief recesses, or processed with a burner. In this case, the decoration will be performed using a combined technique.

Painting and varnishing

Now we have everything ready, and we can begin the painting process itself.

At this stage, the result directly depends on your skill, so below we will give only the main tips:

• Before starting work, carefully mix all the paints. It is especially important to shake jars of acrylic and gouache well: from long-term storage, these compositions delaminate, and the pigment settles to the bottom.
• Then put a small amount of paint on the palette and dilute it with water to the desired consistency. Paints in jars can sometimes be used without dilution, but in this case, the brush must be moistened liberally. If this is not done, then the pigment will lie unevenly, and when dried, it will crack and deform.

• The painting is carried out with even strokes, if necessary, applying paint in several layers. First, we draw large elements and paint over the background areas, then we move on to small details.

Advice!
For the image of the same type of repeating parts of the picture - stars, flowers, snowflakes, etc. - stencils are used for painting on wood.
It is better to spend half an hour cutting out a template in a sheet of plastic, but then “stamping” the details of the ornament that perfectly match in shape and size in a few seconds.

After the painting is completed, the drawing should be protected.

To do this, we perform varnishing:

• The first layer is applied nitrolac (nitrocellulose transparent composition, NC marking). We lay the nitro-lacquer in a thin layer directly on the paint and leave to dry for an hour.

• As the second layer, you can use artistic pentaphthalic varnish (PF), as well as alkyd-urethane (AU) and alkyd-acrylic (AC) compositions. They will provide reliable protection drawing and wooden base from moisture.
• The third layer is also applied with artistic compositions using pentaphthalic or oil varnishes.

After varnishing is completed, the product can be used without fear of damaging the pattern.

Conclusion

Painting on wood with acrylics and other compositions can be mastered by any of us. Of course, in order to achieve excellent results you will have to “pull up” the drawing technique, but using stencils and templates, as well as focusing on the tips that the video contains in this article, you can quite successfully cope with most tasks without even being an artist.

In contemporary art, wood painting is widely used with acrylic, gouache, oil and aniline paints. dyes. In history, wood painting is an ancient folk craft. For many centuries the tree prevailed in everyday life because of its availability and ease of processing. Before people learned how to work metal, all furniture and kitchen utensils, chests, caskets, spinning wheels, not to mention doors, gates, wooden shutters. Along with carpentry and wood carving, special technologies for wood processing and ornamental painting of products developed.

Types of artistic painting

In the middle of the 20th century, types of wood painting from a handicraft art form turned into art ones and they are also studied in schools of fine arts. Different kinds Techniques are characterized by their unique and recognizable ornamentation, which historically developed in step with the times and the evolution of colors and materials.

These days it's enough to use special paints on wood and purchase wooden crafts, varnishes and hardeners for crafts. Many modern masters not only bring novelty to their work, but also continue the tradition of painting wooden products.

The first lessons for beginners are to learn the principles of drawing each type. Gorodets wood painting is characterized floral ornament bright colors, mostly on a yellow background, but nowadays the background in this type of painting is given less attention, since the drawing looks good on a clean wooden texture.

Drawing elements are made in several simple steps, painting with primary colors, shading with darker thin strokes and lightening with white or yellow paint.

Idealized images of birds, animals, in particular black horses, trees are also used. In ancient times, Gorodets painting also depicted the peasant and merchant life of those times. The pictures below show an example.

Khokhloma painting, which exists in mass production to this day, has become calling card Russia. This is not just painting, but a whole technology for the production of wooden products, the processing of which uses drying oil, clay, aluminum powder and varnish. As a result of multi-stage actions, the products first acquire a silver color, they are painted mainly with black and red paints, sometimes leaves are made. in green. At the end of the work, they are varnished, and the silver color becomes gilded. This painting technology came from icon painters.

Elements Khokhloma painting- this is mainly dense vegetation, large flowers, curls, leaves, rowan berries, strawberries, there are decorative birds, roosters, swans, but the main symbol of Khokhloma is the firebird.

Also, this type of painting is divided into two types of technology - top and background. Horse painting involves drawing a picture on the background, and background drawing contours and applying a black or red background.

Mezen painting depicts black and red ornaments, more reminiscent of cave rock art.

Gzhel painting is also not to be confused with other art, with its blue lush flowers on a white background.

In the modern art of wood painting, master artists use various techniques to create a decor style, souvenir sets of dishes. As a gift, hand-painted plates, candy bowls, salad bowls, cutting boards are presented.

Tree preparation

Painting on wood with acrylic paints is a simple task for experienced artists, as the material is expensive, although suitable for working with wood.

To start drawing on a wooden surface, you need to take the finished product, which are sold as blanks for decor, clean it with the smallest sandpaper and primed the surface with the appropriate paint, after which you can start drawing.

Some drawings require for beginners to sketch with a simple pencil, which in principle is permissible. Any steps in the application of varnish or paint require complete drying before proceeding. At the end of the work, the product is covered with a transparent varnish to fix the paint.

Video on the topic of the article

Many craft supply stores sell unpainted wooden planks and items that you can color yourself. While it's always possible to get started right away, it's helpful to learn a few tricks first to help you achieve a neater, more lasting result. Pretreating the wood with sandpaper will get rid of unevenness, while the primer will help the paint adhere better to the surface. A layer of protective varnish will protect your work and keep them for many years to come.

Steps

Preparing wood for staining

Sand the surface of the wooden object with sandpaper with a grit size of 140 to 180. In this case, you can use not only a piece of sandpaper, but also an abrasive sanding sponge, but the sponge is more suitable for processing curved surfaces. During work, make sure that the wood is sanded in the direction of the wood fibers, and not across them.

• In some cases, wood items purchased from a craft store are already sanded. If the surface of your item is perfectly flat, skip this step.

1. Wipe off sanding dust with a cleaning cloth. The cleaning cloth is a special technical fabric used to remove dust from the surface of the processed objects. It can be found in the same place as sandpaper - in hardware stores and craft stores. If you can't find a special cleaning cloth, try using a regular damp cloth instead.

   • It would be nice to wipe the object, even if you yourself not polished it. Sometimes store-bought items are covered in dust that can prevent primer and paint from bonding to the wood surface.

2. Paint the object with a layer of primer. The primer can be applied to the surface with a brush or sprayed with a can. It impregnates the wood surface and promotes better adhesion of the paint. Also on the primer, the paint shows its color better, especially if it is a light tone.

   • Primer the front and sides of the item first, then move on to the back.

3. Let the primer dry before proceeding. For even more smooth surface you can first rub the first layer of primer with sandpaper, and then re-paint the object with a primer. Do this a few more times until there are absolutely no bumps left on the subject.

   Drawing a pattern on wood and subsequent processing with a protective varnish

   Pour some acrylic paint into the palette. Choose a background color for your drawing and pour some of that paint into the palette. Acrylic paint dries quickly, so don't add other colors to the palette just yet. In the work, you can use both cheap designer canned acrylic paints and more expensive art acrylic paints in tubes. In the latter case, the paint must be dissolved with a few drops of water to a creamy consistency.

   • Instead of a palette, you can take a small saucer, plastic cover Or a disposable paper plate.

4. Apply the first coat of background paint to the item. Apply paint to the object with a sponge or regular wide flat brush. Let the paint dry and apply another layer if necessary. Also let the second coat of paint dry. First paint the front and side surfaces object, wait until they are dry to the touch, and then proceed to painting the back.

   Let the first coat of paint dry and then apply a second coat if necessary. The drying time of the paint will depend on the specific brand. In most cases, acrylic paints dry in about 20 minutes. If the paint shows through, paint the object with a second coat of paint and let it dry too.

   • Take the time to wash your brush(s) in water. Don't let the paint dry on your brushes.

5. Draw pictures on the subject and draw their details. You can use stencils or transfer the contours of the necessary patterns to the wood. You can also draw patterns by hand. Always first apply the base tone of the element to be painted and only then draw the details. For example, if you need to draw a smiley face, first draw a yellow circle, let it dry, and then add a smile and eyes.

   Let the drawing dry completely. Exact time drying paint can be searched on the label of the tube or can. Paint dryness to the touch does not yet mean that the item can be used or proceed to varnishing. Different brands Acrylic paints differ from each other, but they usually take about 24 hours to dry completely.

   Coat the item with one or two coats of protective varnish. Protective varnishes may have a different texture, including matte and glossy. Choose for yourself what you like best. Apply a thin layer of spray varnish or use a simple varnish and a brush on the item, and then let it dry. If necessary, cover the object with a second layer of varnish and also allow it to dry.

   Applying other drawing methods

   Skip the primer step if you want to paint directly onto the wood. Instead, consider pre-toning the wood or varnishing it. Wait for the tint or varnish to dry, and then apply a pattern on top. Don't forget to re-varnish everything on top when the paint dries.

   Apply the pattern using a stencil. Buy or make a stencil and attach it to a wood surface. Fill in the slots in the stencil with decoupage glue. The glue will saturate the wood and also prevent the paint from flowing under the stencil. Let the glue dry and then paint over the top. Remove the stencil while the paint is still fresh. Protect the drawing with a layer of spray or conventional varnish, which must be applied with a brush.

Seemingly, artistic painting there is no place left in the pragmatic 21st century, and now you can admire it only in museums. However, so far in Russia you can find flourishing workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of various artistic painting and continue to amaze modern inhabitants with their skill.

Zhostovo

origins Zhostovo painting date back to the beginning of the 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), handicraft workshops arose that were engaged in the manufacture of painted decorative items from papier-mâché, varnished. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motives for painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power, the villages were united into the Metallopodnos artel, and the craftsmen had a hard time when new plots for drawing were imposed on them, dictated by the then realism trends. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and the Zhostovo trays passed from the category of household items into decorative panels which are valued not only in Russia but also abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the craft came from the village of Khokhloma, where they brought finished goods from nearby villages. The founders of this painting on wood are called the Old Believers, who fled from the new church order. It was they who owned the secrets of the "golden" painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silvery tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of mountain ash, berries, leaves and flowers.

gzhel

gzhel called the hallmark of Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the river Gzhelka (Gzholka), on which there was a village where the masters lived. Others believe that "Gzhel" is a paraphrase of the word "zhgel", i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is a "Gzhel bush", which consists of 27 villages, where they are engaged in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the drawing was applied to wet clay, and then again to the glaze. The craft of Gzhel dishes flourished, because the rich used silverware, and ordinary people used coarse pottery of various sizes. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and demand.

Fedoskino

The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for painting with varnishes. In the 18th century, the Lukutinskaya factory for the production of lacquer visors for hats was located near the village. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers took up painting papier-mâché and wood lacquer products. The amazing glow and brilliance of caskets and other miniatures was achieved by “writing through”. This was the name of the technique when, before drawing itself, a thin layer of gold leaf, mother-of-pearl was applied to the surface. The most popular subjects for drawing are connected with the life of the common people.

Mezen painting

Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting got its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the masters work dates back to the ancient Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar discs, repeated in a certain sequence.
In the Mezen painting on wood, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ocher). Basically, ornaments are applied to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the drawing from erasure and gives it additional shine.
Many modern artists continue to engage in ancient crafts, while introducing something of their own. So the artist from Izhevsk

Since ancient times, wood products have been not only a household item, but also a talisman for every family. They ate it, they slept on it, they hung it on wooden door as protection from evil spirits. Now the role of wooden products is to serve as a piece of furniture. But don't forget that they can be great. decoration your home and fill it with comfort, if used correctly. Not many people know that wooden things can serve as a wonderful material for painting.

In this article, we will tell you how you can fill your home with beautiful wooden gizmos without the services of masters.

In order to paint a tree we will need prepared wooden products or wooden things that you want to breathe a second life into.

Like all multi-step actions, this case has its own algorithm:

• First, a wooden blank is made.
• Then we clean the surface of the tree from foreign objects with a brush.
• We grind the tree with sandpaper so that there are no splinters.
• We cover the wood with a primer so that the paint does not absorb.
• After the workpiece dries, you can apply the drawing. The pattern can be the most diverse, from vintage ornaments to trendy graphic pictures.
• After the paint has dried, we varnish the products.

Before starting to execute this algorithm, we must prepare necessary materials for painting.

Painting materials:

• Wooden blank. Any wooden thing that is not attractive in your opinion (dishes, board, box) can serve as it.
• Sandpaper.
• Brushes of different thickness, depending on the pattern.
• Primer.
• Paints: Tempera, acrylic or gouache (when using this type of paint, you need to add PVA glue to it).
• Varnishes: nitracellulose and artistic oil.
• Pencil.
• Palette.

Also, we will teach you how to paint the most ordinary wooden box.

We paint the box.

1. We take the box and grind it with sandpaper until its surface is smooth.
2. We cover our box with a primer for acrylic paints
3. While our soil is drying, we can imagine what kind of pattern we see on the box. It’s better to draw a drawing on A4 sheet right away. If you are new to this business, you can take someone else’s finished drawing.
4. We select paints. The main one - in which we will paint our entire jewelry box and paints for patterns.
5. Once you've made sure the primer is dry, paint the box with the paint you chose for the base. Wait for the paint to dry.
6. When the paint has dried, start drawing with a pencil. If you are a beginner, do not be afraid to seem banal, you do not need to immediately use the most complex elements of any painting. Start with easier patterns. Believe me, circles and diamonds can also look great on this product.
7. After the contours are applied, you can apply the colored paints that you have chosen. Acrylic paints work best here. If you took a dark saturated color as a basis, then for painting it is better to take light, bright colors. Use brushes of different thickness, depending on the shape and size of the element.
8. To give the box an antique look, you can use craquelure polish, which you can buy at any art store. It can only be applied to the side of the box, where there is no pattern or pattern, after covering this place with paint of a different color.
9. To create a worn effect, you can also use leftover paint, apply them to the already dried paint dry brush.
10. At the end, the box can be coated with the varnishes indicated earlier, so its color will last longer.

When the varnish is dry, the box is ready. She can serve as an excellent gift or just an element of the decor of your apartment.