Statistics of natural cataclysms. Trends

Hurricanes, Typhins, Floods and other natural cataclysms are the topic of frequent disputes between environmental activists and climate specialists. The first are convinced that mankind is guilty of another natural disaster - that in a concrete hurricane today or jog, the world industry and energy is very difficult to blame tomorrow. What had to survive the planet for the last 10 years ...

Chronicle of large natural cataclysms in the world in 2003-2013 - in the selection of RIA Novosti.

American psychologists found out that the most reliable means of promotion for the "green" policy, which advocates active actions on the problem of climate change, - a hurricane, and more powerful: apparently, in the statements of ecologists that humanity is guilty to the next cataclysm, it is easier to believe When on the street on the knee of water. Since extreme weather phenomena really becomes more, the lack of reasons for this will not be foreseen.

Meanwhile, an intergovernmental group of climate change experts (IPCC), the chief scientific body on this issue, says: Yes, there is reason to believe that climate change really led to such hazardous weather phenomena as an abnormal heat, record temperatures and places Strong precipitation, in the last half a century began to happen more often. And then there is a whole 600-page report about what exactly happens, how and why, and whether it is safe to blame greenhouse gases in the anomalous heat of 2010.

There will be more reliably from the environmental activists and careful climate specialists, it will probably say that: in a concrete hurricane, today or jubous frosts, the world industry and energy is very difficult to blame. But, it seems, in the future, as climate change, extreme weather will really become even more - and then hurricanes today and frosts may well be a "window" in this is the most future.

Hurricanes, Typhins and Tropical Storms

October 23, 2012above Caribbean Morceformed a tropical storm who got a nameSandy (Sandy).

After passing the Jamaica, where one person became the victim of the element, the storm began to gain strength, and in the evening on October 24, hewas retracted to a hurricane the first category of danger on the Saffira Simpson scale. On October 25, the hurricane reached the coast of Cuba, the speed of hurricane wind exceeded 150 kilometers per hour. By this moment, the degree of his threat was raised to the second category.

After Cuba, the hurricane passed over Haiti and headed towards the Bahamas. According to the authorities Haiti,the victims of the female elements in this country became 51 people, there are wounded and missing.

August 28, 2012 typhoon "Bolven" I left the south of the Yellow Sea and started moving in the northeast direction.

For several days, it reached its maximum power, the wind speed in the epicenter reached 70 meters per second, the wave height is ten meters. Soon he reached the Japanese Islands of Okinawa and the Korean Peninsula. As a result of the elements in the DPRK, 48 people were killed, almost 21.2 thousand people were forced to leave their homes due to flooding, about 6.7 thousand residential buildings were completely or partially destroyed. 50 thousand hectares of agricultural land suffered from the elements, more than 16 thousand trees were pood. 880 factories and institutions of administrative and communal services were damaged.

The territory of Primorye "Bolaven" reached on the night of August 29. The wind gusts reached 25 meters per second, on the coast - 30-35 meters per second. The rain brought by Typhoon raised the level of rivers in Primorye to one and a half meters. In the energy seats of "seaside electrical networks", dozens of discs were recorded, the southern and central districts were most strongly injured.

In the end august 2011. Hurricane "Irene"swept over Cuba, Puerto Rico and Haiti, Dominican Republic And then came out on the mainland coast of the United States. Hurricane was assigned a third danity category on the Suffira Simpson scale. The speed of the accompanying wind exceeded 193 kilometers per hour.

As a result, almost 2.3 thousand buildings in 85 settlements of the republic received damage to the elements in the Dominican Republic of the Damage. Four people died.

October 3, 2009 Typhoon " Parma "The Luzon Filipino Island became one of the most powerful typhoons in this country. Parma refers to the fourth category of danger. Typhoon inflicted significant damage to Luton Island infrastructure, flooding several districts of the island.

The victims of Typhoon "Parma" 465 people became the victims of the Philippines.

In the end september 2009. typhoon "Ketsana" He fell into the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand. Wind gusts reached up to 165 km / h. More than 160 people became victims of Typhoon in Vietnam, about 170 thousand houses were destroyed, crops and irrigation systems were destroyed in many areas. More than 350 thousand people were evacuated.

464 people died in the Philippines, about 2.5 million people were injured at home.

In Laos "Ketsan" claimed 16 people, in Cambodia - 17 people.

The total number of victims from Typhins "Ketsan" and "Parma" in South-East Asia reached 4.4 million people. More than 40 thousand houses were destroyed.

In the end may 2009.in India and Bangladesh collapsed Tropical cycllo"Ayla", formed over the Bengal Bay. Hurricane destroyed 150 thousand houses, more than 200 people died. "Ayla" also violated the schedule of promotion of the monsoon, provoking drought in a number of areas of the country.

In late August - early September 2008 Hurricanes collapsed on Cuba "Gustav" and "Ik". "Gustav" became the most strong hurricane in Cuba over the past 50 years. The elements destroyed about 100 thousand residential buildings, most of which were located in the province of Pinar del Rio and on the island of HupenTud. "Ik" took the lives of four people. 11 thousand tobacco industry infrastructure facilities were destroyed.

According to official data, as a result of hurricanes, the country's economy caused damage in the amount of about 10 billion dollars.

On the night of May 3, 2008tropical cycllo"Nargiz"who collapsed on Myanmarcaused catastrophic flood From which the densely populated areas in the Iravadi River delta were particularly affected.

According to the UN, the victims of the cyclone "Nargiz"138 thousand steel , 2.4 million inhabitants of Myanmar suffered.

Damage from the cyclone "Nargiz"amounted to 4 billion dollars.

August 23-30 2005as a result of the most devastating in the history of the United States of Hurricane"Katrina"1836 people died andin fact, the city of New Orleans was completely destroyed in the state of Louisiana.

Damage from Hurricane "Katrina", according to the National Meteorological Service,amounted to 125 billion dollars.

In August - September 2004eastern coast of the USAuntil hurricane strikes "Charlie", "Francis" and "Ivan". According to official data, the economic damage from Hurricanes "Charlie", "Francis" and "Ivan" amounted to more than 10 billion dollars. Hurricanes led to the death of about 70 Americans.

Hurricane "Ivan" alsoled to the death of about 70 people in the Caribbean countries.

Tornado

At night on May 21, 2013 Large tornado swept over the American state of Oklahoma. More than 90 people became victims of the elements, of which 40 are children, 145 people were hospitalized. Some areas of Oklahoma City were completely destroyed.

IN march 2013. In the central part of China during a tornado, which brought to the country, at least nine people died in Guangdong Province and Three - in Hunan Province, where more than 270 people were injured. More than 74 thousand people were evacuated. Economic damage is estimated at 57.5 million dollars.

May 6, 2012 Tornado swept not far from the capital of Japan . Tornadow has collapsed his power to the city of Tsukuba, located in the Ibaraki Prefecture and 60 kilometers north-east of Tokyo. Tens of houses were destroyed, injuries received at least 30 people. As a result, about 24 thousand consumers left the female elements without light.

Tornado in the area of \u200b\u200bTokyo is a rather rare phenomenon.

IN beginning of March 2012 On the eastern American states of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Alabama, Georgia, Florida fell a tornado. As a result, more than 50 people died as a result of the elements.

In early May 2011 A wave of powerful tornadoes collapsed on the American Middle West. The city of Joplin in Missouri was most affected, through which Tornado "paved" the road in a length of ten kilometers and a width of a kilometer. About two thousand buildings were damaged in the city. More than 100 residents of the city became victims of the elements from the beginning of May, more than ten people died in hospitals from the Russian Academy of Sciences. After the rescuers began to get from the bodies of the bodies of the people who had previously had previously, the number of victims of the element exceeded 150 people.

The beats of the elements took place at least 16 lives in the states of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Kansas, about 900 people were injured.

April 27, 2011 Wrapped on the city of Tuskalusa, Alabama, a 1.6 kilometer tornadogue width became one of the largest hurricanes in the history of the state. On the same day, the National Meteorological Service reported 137 foci of tornado in the southern states. In total, the cyclone was covered by Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky. The collapsed cyclone fell more than 300 people, the damage from it is estimated to up to five billion dollars.

Flood

Flood in the Amour Basin, which began in the summer of 2013.It became the strongest in the region over the past decades. It covered Amur region., Jewish autonomous region and Khabarovsk region. More than 23 thousand people were evacuated.

On the night of July 7, 2012strongest flood 7.2 thousand residential buildings in three cities (Gelendzhik, Krymsk, Novorossiysk) and a number of villages Krasnodar Region. Energy, gas and water supply systems, automotive and railway traffic have been violated.

Strong shower began in the region on July 6th. For several hours, a five-month rate of precipitation fell. On the Crimean District, the flow of water fell deep at night when everyone slept. Over ten minutes, the water level rose to several meters, the first floors of the houses were completely flooded.

In july - November 2011 Catastrophic flooding challenged more than 600 people in North, Northeast and Central Thailand and caused a giant damage to the country's economy. Because of the two-thirds of the provinces of Thailand, which began in July of the rains, turned out to be flooded. More than a third of the dead lost their life as a result of landslides and the departure of the village streams.

For the first time in 50 years Under water, it turned out to be part of the capital of the country, Bangkok. More than 13 million people, or every fifth resident of the country, were injured, more than a million hectares of rice fields were flooded (almost a quarter of the annual crop of rice), hundreds stopped industrial enterprises. Flood damage was assessed by experts at 16-18 billion dollars. As a result of the flood, more than two thousand residential buildings were destroyed. Dozens of Buddhist temples built on the hills and hills, have become the place of collection of residents, whose houses are completely flooded with water.

In August 2010 Strong rains hit several countries of Eastern Europe - Lithuania, Czech Republic, Poland and Germany, which led to a sharp rise in the level of water in rivers. As a result of flooding, 14 people were killed, three more are missing missing.

In Lithuania, many roads were flooded, the water also flooded the streets of the largest port city of Klaipeda. In the Czech Republic, about 200 people were evacuated from flooded areas by helicopter. In Poland, the city of Rogatynia (Bogatynia) with a population of 18 thousand people was practically flooded in the southeastern country. In Germany, the city of Zgögelin Gerlitz, standing on the Neurov River on the Polish-German border, partially flooded.

At the end of July 2010 Powerful monsoon livne led in August to a sharp rise of water in the indoor indoor pool of the Indian water artery of Pakistan. Rivers who came from the shores were flooded, by different estimates, up to 20% of the country's territory. Flood wave started in nordic regions Pakistan, gradually descended to the south, capturing all new areas.

The flood of 2010 in Pakistan became the most powerful in the region over the past 80 years. Thousands of houses were destroyed, whole villages were cleaned into the flow streams. According to the latest data, about 20 million inhabitants of the 170 million country suffered from this natural disaster; More than 1.7 thousand people died.

In May 2010due to the strongest rains in Europe, the spill of rivers . From " great water"Poland suffered, Hungary, Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Germany, Austria, France, Spain.

In the north-east of Romania, the flood claimed 23 people, in the south of France, 19 people became victims of flooding.

In June 2009 Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Poland and Romania suffered from heavy rains and floods.

According to official data, 62 settlements suffered from flooding in the Czech Republic, 13 people were victims of the elements.

IN austrian capital The flood forced the Albertina art gallery officers to evacuate from the underground storage of about 950 thousand paintings, including the works of such well-known impressionists as Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. In Romania, four people suffered from lightning strike during bad weather north of Bucharest. Some areas of the South and the North-West Poland turned out to be flooded, there was a need to evacuate local residents.

In March-April 2006 The most serious floods were marked in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary and Austria. The three largest European rivers - Elba, Danube and Morava came out of the shores.

The most serious situation was in Germany. Residents of the city of Dresden were evacuated, and Bad Hoseau and the Pirina went under water. In Dresden, water in Elbe reached a mark of 7.5 meters. 25 thousand people were evacuated from the city and neighboring villages.

Flooding in Europe took the life of 10 people: in Romania, the river carried the teenager, four people died in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the fate of two still remains unknown.

In August 2005 Floods were covered by Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France. Water element took the lives of at least 9 people. Another 14 people died as a result of landslides in Switzerland caused by pouring rains. In some regions, a state of emergency was announced.

September 2002 The number of victims of the strongest flood in the southeastern departments of France was 27 people, 12 were missing. More than 2,000 cities in him and Avignon were evacuated. In some places for one or two days, the annual precipitation fell.

In August 2002 For a few days under water, there were significant territories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, Spain, Romania, Moldova, Hungary and Serbia. It was the biggest flood in Europe in the century, it challenged 230 people. The damage was approximately 18.5 million dollars. In Germany, record sediments were recorded, which in the form of long torrential rains brought Cyclone "Ilze". Per day in the town of Zinwald (land of Saxony) on square meter Square resulted from the sky 312 liters of water. Material damage from flooding in the Czech Republic exceeded 800 million dollars. Only in South Czech Republic suffered more than 200 settlements, 31 bridge was completely or partially destroyed.

Anomalous heat and drought

In the summer of 2013. Anomalous heat, accompanied by an unprecedented drought, was established in more than half of the continental part of the United States.

According to experts of the American National Department of Ocean and Atmospheric Studies, the drought covered about 55 percent of the United States. Mostly it is the southwest and southeast of the country. Before that, such abnormal phenomena was observed in North America In 1956.

At the end of December 2012 - early January 2013 In Australia, anomalous heat was established with a record low amount of precipitation and water level in rivers and dams, which led to a strong drought and uncontrolled forest fires. Australia meteorological bureau reported that for five days average temperature The air in Sydney did not fall below plus 39 degrees Celsius, setting new record In the history of observation. On January 18, 2013, the temperature in Sydney reached 45.8 degrees Celsius. The former record was installed in the middle of the last century: in 1939, the air temperature in Sydney was 45.3 degrees above zero.

Numerous natural cataclysms, exhausting humanity all the last decade, ruthlessly break the family and ruffle affection. Today, a study was emerged, the authors of which tried to calculate how many people are damaged from death blows of the elements. This was puzzled analysts from Ubyrisk Consultants, which studies and resolving emergency situationspresented by Mother-Nature.

The analytical base of the study was the natural disasters that happened in the world, starting from January 1, 2001. It turned out that from this day until December 31, 2010, inclusive on the planet was recorded at least 7.653 natural cataclysm, in other words, an average of 756 cases per year. In the long-term (30-year period), a retrospect, decade from 2001 to 2010, it is noticeably allocated by the number of sad events. From the point of view of frequency, 1.822 incident was recorded.

Up to 25% of all natural disasters had to flood, followed by forest fires (893 cases, or 12% of total). In the third place of thunderstorms and lightning strikes (819 cases, or about 11%). Asia leads in geographical terms (2.250 accidents of natural origin), followed by both America (2118), almost without separation. Closes the Troika Europe (2005 catastrophe).

By the end of last decade, the number of victims in natural cataclysms amounted to 576.474 people, of which most (46%) suffered as a result of earthquakes. In second place at the tsunami, the lifetime of 271.775 residents of the Earth (22% of the total). In the third place of hurricanes and tropical storms that have broken lives in 229Y037 (18.4%). All ten years from the beginning of the new century it is possible, without exaggeration, to call the era tsunami. This "honor" was a natural phenomenon, having time to arrange a catastrophe in Indonesia (December 2004). In this natural disaster, 270 thousand people were killed.

Anomalous heat - another guilt of the death of people (92.674 victims, or 7.5% of the total) - ranks third among natural emergency female outcome. This is followed by flooding, killed 55.049 people (4.5% of the total).

Most of the victims of the natural disaster had to be in Asia, where 793.312 dead were registered (65%). The second place was taken by the North and South America (343.907 dead, or 27.6%). Third place in Europe (92.379 dead, or 7.5%). Returning to the American continent, which ensured his second place in the short list, we note that the earthquake was played here, which broke out in January 2010 to Haiti and took the lives of 316 thousand people. Presented statistics clearly demonstrates the emergency vulnerability of human life. The speech, first of all, is about developing countries in which the elements with the most cruel force falls on the population. This cannot be said about countries with a developed economy, where nature beats, mainly by the treasury.

Statistics of cataclysm allows you to track the amount of occurring in the world, the severity of their consequences and causes of occurrence. The main motives for collecting statistical data: Search effective ways Disaster prevention, disaster prevention, forecasting and timely preparation.

Types of cataclysms

Cataclysms (natural disasters) are phenomena and processes occurring on Earth (or in space) that are destruction ambient, the destruction of valuables of a material nature, threaten their lives and health. They may occur by different reasons. Many of them may form as a result of a person. Natural cataclysms and disasters can be short-term (from a few seconds) and long-term (several days and even months).

Catastrophes are divided into local and global cataclysms. The first acts destructive to the terrain where it happened. Global - influence the biosphere leading to the disappearance of any types of plants or. They can threaten the earth with climate change, large-scale relocation, death, and humanity is complete or partial extinction.

On our planet, global cataclysms, which led to changes in climate change and the development of civilization happened more than once. The table below shows different kinds cataclysms.

The most destructive cataclysms for the history of mankind

According to the statistics of cataclysms, which changed the course of history during the existence of humanity, many times took place. Some of them are still considered the most terrible. Top 5 destructive cataclysms:

• flood in China of 1931 (a catastrophe of the 20th century claimed the life of 4 million people);
• eruption Krakataau in 1883 (40 thousand people died.and about three hundred cities destroyed);
• earthquake in Shaanxi 1556 in 11 points (about 1 thousand people died, the province was destroyed and lowered for many years);
• last day Pompeii in 79 BC (The eruption of the Vesuvius volcano lasted about a day, led to the death of several cities and thousands of people);
• and santorin volcanic animation in 1645-1600. BC. (led to the death of a whole civilization).

World indicators

Statistics of cataclysms in the world over the past 20 years has more than 7 thousand cases. Milled as a result of these elements more than a million people. Damage that was applied is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars. The picture clearly shows which of the cataclysms that occurred from 1996 to 2016. Steel the most deadly.

In the news of the planet regularly suggest that the amount of natural disasters around the world steadily increases. For 50 years, the number of disasters has increased several times. Only tsunami occurs about 30 times a year.

The graph shows which continents most often become epicenters of natural disasters. The most susceptible to cataclysms asia. In second place is the United States. According to geologists, the northern part of America will soon disappear from the face of the earth because.

Natural disasters

Statistics of cataclysms of natural origin over the past 5 years shows their 3-fold increase. According to the estimates of disaster scholars during this time, more than 2 billion people suffered. This is every third resident of our planet. On Earth, tsunami, hurricanes, floods, droughts, epidemics, hunger and other disasters are increasingly happening. Scientists call the following reasons for natural cataclysms:

• impact of man;
• conflicts of military, social and political nature;
• emission energy into geological layers.

Often the cause of disasters are the consequences of the cataclysms that happened before. For example, after a large-scale flood, hunger may occur or the epidemic. Types of natural cataclysms:

• geological (landslides, dust storms, satieces);
• meteorological (cold, drought, heat, hail);
• lithospheric (eruption of volcanoes, earthquakes);
• atmospheric (tornadoes, hurricanes, storms);
• hydrospheric (typhoons, cyclones, floods);

Natural cataclysm statistics the hydrosphere (namely flooding) today in the world shows the highest rates:

The diagram below provides data on how many cataclysms occur, and how many people from each of them suffered or died lately.

On average, about 50 thousand people per year die due to natural disasters. In 2010, the figure exceeded the threshold of 300 thousand people.

In 2016, the following natural disasters occurred:

The Air Force, the Air Force constantly creates a documentary about a catastrophes of a natural nature. They are colorfully and clearly demonstrated what is happening in the world, which catastrophes threaten humanity and planet.

If the government of each country will take measures to provide the population and prevent certain disasters that can be predicted in advance, then the cataclysms will happen less often. At least the number negative consequences, human victims and material losses will be much smaller.

Data in Russia and Ukraine

Cataclysms occurred in Russia often. As a rule, they marked the end of the previous era and the beginning of the new one.

For example, in the 17th century, large disasters occurred, after which a new era began, more cruel. Then there were raids of locusts, destroying crops, the great eclipse of the sun, the winter was very soft - the river did not cover the ice because of which in the spring they came out of the banks and floods occurred. Also, summer was cold, and autumn is hot, as a result, in mid-December, the steppe and meadows were covered with greens. All this led to the fact that the prophecies appeared about the upcoming end of the world.

As stats for cataclysms shows, thousands of people are dying from them every year. Disasters bring losses in the country of up to 60 billion rubles. in year. Most All cataclysms make up floods. Second place is occupied by tornadoes and hurricanes. For the period from 2010 to 2015, the number of natural disasters in Russia increased by 6%.

Most of the catastrophe in Ukraine make up landslides, floods and villages. As in the country great amount rivers. In second place for destructiveness - fires of forests and steppes, strong winds.

In April 2017, the last cataclysm occurred in the country. Snowy cyclone passed from Kharkov to Odessa. Because of him, more than three hundred settlements were de-energized.

Statistical data suggests that people die become disabled and sick from the dangers of natural and man-made origin. On the territory of Russia for the year on average, up to 2,30-250 emergency events related to dangerous natural processes are occurring, and up to 900-950 emergencies related to production activities man. The share of Natural and Technogenic emergency character in Figure 4.

Figure 4 - Natural and Technogenic Character Share

The growth of production accidents and disasters, natural disasters of recent years creates emergencies (emergencies) with severe consequences for people's lives and exacerbates the environmental situation. So for ten months 2009 On the territory of the Russian Federation there were 932 emergencies of various nature. More than 3 times the number of terrorist acts increased, as a result of which 382 people were injured, 42 died. The largest number of emergencies arose in the Far Eastern, North-West, Central and South regions. In disasters and disasters, over 50 thousand people were injured, more than 11 thousand citizens of Russia were saved. The most disturbing is the dynamics of the growth of emergencies, especially man-made character.

A significant part of man-made emergencies make up fires. 6-7 million fires are registered annually in the world. As a result of the impact of dangerous factors, 65-75 thousand people die, they receive burns and injuries over 6 million people. In our country, about 250 thousand fires occurs every year, over 15 thousand people die in the fire, about the same amount of injuries and burns of varying severity are obtained. Increasing the number of maniogencies is possible at present, also from the destruction of potentially dangerous objects during international conflict and local wars. Thus, the average annual growth of socio-political and economic losses from natural and technological emergencies is by the number of dead - 43%, according to the number of injured 9% and material damage Over 10%.

This amount could be less if the entire population was prepared qualitatively in terms of various emergency situations. In connection with this important social meaning Have prevention, forecasting, advance preparation for the elimination of the effects of emergencies. To successfully solve these tasks, knowledge of the characteristics of natural disasters, accidents and disasters, modern means Defeats, features of the EFC zones, and foci of lesion. To ensure safety, in particular in production, in many countries, special legislation, directives, standards, regulating rules and measures to prevent emergency situations are developed. In all highly developed countries in last years Perfection of personnel training system has been paid to the improvement of highly risky industries, various security services, expertise and insurance.

Mark Sofer - Candidate of Geographical Sciences, printed in magazines "Science and Life", "Chemistry and Life", "Man and Element" and others. Author of several scientific and popular books: "Nature has no bad weather," "Water on Earth" ("Entertaining about rivers, lakes, swamps"), "entertaining about the weather" and others. Visited everyone climatic zones, on the shores of hundreds of rivers. In the USA since 2004. Lives in Brooklyn.

The flow of controversial information, formidable warnings and fatal predictions of scientists have shifted public interest in the direction of very distant prospects for possible climate change on the planet, while today's real rusties of nature moved to the background: we cease them to notice, evaluate and predict, taking them as inevitable.
But every year we are convinced that today's natural disasters are no less dangerous and cause severe damage to the economy of many countries, and in terms of human victims are comparable to wars.

Scientists of the Karlsruhe Technology Institute (Germany) were calculated which economic losses suffered humanity as a result of various natural disasters since 1900. It turned out a breathtaking figure - 7 trillion dollars!
Climatologists analyzed the news issues and archival records of natural disasters on our planet over the past hundred more years, including flooding, droughts, storms, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and forest fires. Scientists managed to collect information on 35 thousand events that took over eight million human lives. Subsequently, these reports on more than 90 languages \u200b\u200bwere summarized in the "integrated historical database of global catastrophes."
The main share - about 40% of economic losses for 1900-2015 was caused by flooding, 25% - earthquakes, fifth part - forest fires, 12% - drought, 2% - forest fires, less than 1% - volcanic eruptions.
Although in absolute terms, economic losses from natural disasters have increased over the past hundred years, currently this damage is relatively less, since the total cost of infrastructure facilities (buildings, enterprises, roads, roads has increased significantly. transport systems etc.). It means that modern humanity learned to build reliable and better predecessors Correct with the consequences of natural disasters.
An analysis of natural disasters on Earth shows that, despite scientific and technological progress, people and technosphere from natural dangers are not protected. The number of victims in the world from destructive natural phenomena In recent years, it increases annually by 4.3%, injured - by 8.6%; Economic losses grow on average by 6% per year. Currently, almost everyone understands that natural disasters - global problem, which is the source of deepest humanitarian shocks and one of the factors determining the development of the economy. The main reasons for the existence and aggravation of natural hazards are ill-conceived activities or frivolous inaction of society. Among them: anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment; irrational placement of objects of the economy; Requirements of people in potential natural danger zones; undeveloped surveillance systems natural environment; No bad condition Hydraulic and engineering protective structures, insufficiency of seismic construction, the lack of cadastrals of potentially dangerous areas (regularly sleek, subject to earthquakes, avalanches, landslides, tsunami).
This is especially characteristic of developing countries, most of all suffering from natural disasters - the share of these countries accounts for more than 80% of the total number of dead and affected by natural disasters. On average, with the same disasters, in low-developed countries perishes 50 times more peoplethan in developed. According to scientists, the number of dangerous natural phenomena and large man-made disasters increases. Over the past 20 years, more than three million people became victims of man-made and natural disasters in the world. Over 800 million people suffered.
Especially large-scale natural disasters in countries with high density population and weak infrastructure. For example, in China only in August 2013, almost 140 million people were focused, more than three million had to urgently evacuate, 367 were killed, 115 were missing; More than 130 thousand houses collapsed, 1 million 107 thousand buildings were subjected to various destruction. The area of \u200b\u200binjurious crops is estimated at 15.3 million hectares. Economic damage amounted to more than $ 24 billion.
This year was no less dramatic for China. In his first half, 1074 people became victims of the element, 270 were missing. It is mostly a country suffered from typhoons, floods, droughts, landslides, villages and hail.
In the first half of the year, the element inflicted direct economic damage to $ 44 billion. Almost 400 thousand houses collapsed, 6.24 million inhabitants were evacuated. The overall damage in the first seven months of 2016 is much higher than in recent years in the same period.
Starting from June, due to natural disasters, 833 people were killed and 233 were missing. The damage to China increased by almost $ 38 billion. The death of hundreds of people was associated with intense rains in the Yangtze River basin and its tributaries. For 4 days, more than 450 mm of precipitation fell (this is a semi-annual standard of New York). Subsequent devastating floods, which have not seen 20 years, destroyed 40 thousand houses and forced 1.5 million people to leave their homes. Livni destroyed 283 thousand hectares of crops.
The same strong livne And the floods took hundreds of lives and left destructive traces in neighboring Pakistan and India.
An unexpected "stormy" disaster came even to Africa, in a dry Sudan.
The element destroyed more than 3.2 thousand houses and claimed the lives of 76 people, the authorities feared that due to the rains the water level in the pool reaches the critical mark, the surrounding villages will be flooded, and the list of victims of the natural disaster will increase. Sudan is distinguished by a underdeveloped infrastructure, which is why it is impossible to react on time to disasterMoreover, cope with him.
Water element is active on other continents. In America, the pouring rains brought disasters in July - in Maryland, several cities, including Baltimore, were seriously flooded. Drivers on flooded streets often needed help rescuers. Ellikott City was most injured, where evacuation was carried out, and a number of buildings were damaged by water flows. The victim of the elements in the city was one woman.

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