Concrete mixes belong to the category of the most used materials in construction. This entails constant work to improve the composite composition and the quality of its components. A few years ago, class B30 materials were included in the category of especially durable artificial stones, but today this situation has changed in the most dramatic way.

Modern high-strength concrete in terms of its characteristics and technological properties differs significantly from classical mixtures for the manufacture of concrete stone. Its parameters differ not only in strength, but also in a number of other characteristics. However, today there are several various kinds high-strength composite materials used in .

Also in Soviet time the standard range of building materials provided for the possibility of manufacturing high-strength concretes of the corresponding classes from B40 to B60. They were used in the construction of critical structures and elements of bridges, dams, railway sleepers and others. However, a distinctive characteristic of these compositions was their high rigidity and low ability for high-quality laying.

Modern composite mixtures of increased strength are not only highly resistant to mechanical and weight loads, but also an excellent level of manufacturability when laying in a monolithic structure. The very good mobility and self-compacting properties of the materials eliminate the need for vibratory equipment and reduce required amount workers at the construction site.

The ability of heavy-duty concrete to self-compact when laid

Upon receipt of new types of concrete, manufacturers of building materials receive a unique structure artificial stone thanks to the use of technology of continuous granulometry of all constituent components.

Precisely selected fractions of fillers with a size of no more than 20 mm and specially processed to obtain a special shape make it possible to obtain a special active structure of the material, capable of flowing and compacting under its own weight. Due to these properties, such mixtures received the general name of self-compacting concrete (SCC).

Combination of high quality thin floor Portland cements, active additives made of mineral raw materials and fine processed aggregates, such a system remains as stable and easy to use when laying. However, it should be noted that the selection and sorting of the constituent components are quite complex in terms of technology. Therefore, such balanced systems are quite expensive and are used only after an appropriate economic justification.

Technology for the preparation of composite compositions

It is used for the construction of bridge spans of great length, reducing the number of bearing supports and speeding up the project time. The use of new composite materials is usually aimed at solving complex engineering problems and is rarely seen in traditional ways construction.

Video review of the material

Concrete has been holding the leading position among building materials for many years in a row. He owes such popularity to his unique operational qualities, incl. high strength, frost resistance and moisture resistance. Moreover, varying the ratio of the constituent components of concrete makes it possible to obtain a material with slightly different properties, which allows it to be used in almost any conditions. The question of choosing the right concrete remains the most important and difficult, because the further properties of the structure depend on it.

It is no less difficult to choose a suitable concrete manufacturer. Growing demand for this construction material led to the emergence huge amount proposals that are difficult to navigate. To potential buyer concrete was able to quickly find the best offer for himself, the concrete tender system "M350" was developed. It is presented on the page http://m350.ru/price/m350/ and allows the user to quickly get acquainted with all the offers for the sale of concrete M350 and other grades in the Moscow region and choose the most suitable one for themselves, based on the price, location of the plant or mode of operation manufacturer. The system allows save time and money.

To be able to choose the right concrete mix for specific purposes, you need to know what indicators to look for. Among the most important are the brand and class of concrete, the characteristics of moisture and frost resistance, as well as the mobility of concrete.

Concrete brand

The most important characteristic of concrete is its ability to withstand compressive loads. This parameter is denoted by the letter M, and the index behind it indicates what load each can withstand. square centimeter concrete. The exact value is determined in the laboratory by testing concrete that has hardened for 28 days, and the rounded value is recorded in the marking. For example, concrete that can withstand 98 kgf / m2 is designated as M100, and concrete that can withstand 196 kgf / cm2 - M200. Simply put, the digital index indicates the number of kilograms that can put pressure on 1 cm2 of concrete without destroying it.

Today, concrete is produced from M50 to M1000, but Concrete grades M100-M500 are consistently in the greatest demand. different level strength of concrete is explained differences in composition: Influence the proportions of the components used and their quality. The composition of concrete includes sand, cement, crushed stone or gravel. Sand together with crushed stone (the so-called skeleton) are responsible for the bearing capacity of the future structure, and cement, combined with water, is responsible for strength. molecular bonds. The higher the proportion of cement in the composition of concrete, the higher the strength of the concrete itself.

The quality of the components also plays a role. Sand can be both river and quarry- it is important that it be large and with a minimum amount of clay impurities. Optimal size crushed stone - 20-25 mm, it must be from strong rocks. The brand of cement also affects the strength of concrete. As a rule, cement M400 and M500 are used, the latter will need less to prepare concrete of a given strength.

The least durable concrete grades are used in the construction of the lightest and least critical structures. Foundations of private and multi-storey buildings, industrial buildings create when using more durable compounds (M200 and above). With an increase in strength, the price of the composition also increases, so it is useless to use overly strong compositions, as well as save.

Concrete class

The class of concrete also indicates the strength of the material, this modern derivative of the brand of concrete. If the average value of the strength of the material is used when determining the grade, then the strength class assumes the definition of strength with guaranteed security. It's over exact value, which is expressed taking into account the coefficient of variation of 13%. Despite the fact that the class more accurately determines the characteristics of concrete, today most specialists use the concept of grade.

The classes define letterBand a number from 3.5 to 60: the higher it is, the more durable the composition is in front of you. There is a direct relationship between classes and brands: for example, brand M100 corresponds to class B7.5, brand M200 - B15, etc.

The ratio between the class and grades of concrete in terms of strength

Water resistance of concrete

The water resistance of concrete is understood as its ability to keep water out. Previously, this characteristic was denoted by the Russian letter B, now useW, and the numerical designation next to it may begin from 2 to reach 20, equaling the pressure of the water column in kgf / cm2, at which a cylindrical sample of concrete standard height does not pass water.

If a concrete foundation is being built under conditions advanced level ground water, then it makes sense to choose a composition with high value water resistance, in which special hydrophobic additives are added. By the way, the use of such material will reduce the cost of complete waterproofing of the foundation.

The highest rates of water resistance and water resistance have hydrotechnical concrete. For its production, hydrophobic or plasticized Portland cement, sand and gravel of higher quality are used than for ordinary concrete. High levels of water tightness are also achieved through installation with maximum sealing.

Frost resistance of concrete

The frost resistance of concrete is indicated by the letter Fwith a numerical value from 25 to 1000: the higher it is, the large quantity cycles of freezing and thawing will be able to withstand concrete without losing its strength properties. The choice will depend on the conditions in which the finished structure will be operated, on the characteristics of the climate, the number of periods of freezing and thawing during the cold season.

For construction hydraulic structures, airfield pavements and bridge supports, it is better to choose the most frost-resistant compositions. In private construction, concrete of the F100 or F200 class is suitable for the construction of the foundation. You can also focus on density: the higher its value, the more frost-resistant the composition will be.

Mobility of concrete

The mobility of concrete (P) speaks of the degree of its fluidity, which directly affects the convenience of working with the composition. The numerical coefficient is expressed in the range 1 to 5: the higher it is, the more liquid the composition will be. In private construction, concrete is used in the arrangement of the foundation P2 and P3. More fluid compositions are used only in cases where it is necessary to pour a densely reinforced base, or when concrete is supplied using concrete pumps.

Of course, it is more convenient to work with a more fluid composition, but water cannot be added to ready-made concrete to increase the mobility of the composition. In this case, the mortar brand immediately decreases, reducing the final strength.

Areas of use different brands concrete

Concrete has become ubiquitous, used to create foundations and many other structures. Depending on the purpose of use, concrete of one brand or another is selected. Here are the main areas of use of the most common grades of concrete:

The choice of concrete for the foundation

Since concrete is used in the organization of the vast majority of foundations, the question of its choice for these purposes requires more detailed consideration. To select the required brand, you need to know the weight that will be assigned to the structure, its operating conditions, take into account the type of soil, groundwater level, etc. All this should be mentioned in project documentation, and for those who are building on their own, we will provide information on the scope of use of different grades of concrete.

The lower the load from the building being erected, the less durable concrete will be needed. If it will be built frame house, then you can do with concrete M200, for wooden house the foundation is better to arrange from concrete M250. For two-story wooden houses, houses from gas silicate and expanded clay concrete blocks it is better to choose M300 concrete. If reinforced concrete will be used Wall panels or plans to build brick house, then concrete M350, M400 and above is used for the foundation.

Influences the choice of brand of concrete and soil type. The more heaving the soil, the greater the differences in load are on the foundation. Yes, for clay soils it is better not to use concrete below M350, but for sandy and rocky soil suitable and M200. If the groundwater level at the site of construction of the house is high, then it is better to choose concrete with increased water resistance: even if M250 is suitable for loads, it is better to use M350, for which W is almost twice as high.

Whatever brand of concrete is used, the characteristics finished construction the correct dilution of the mixture with water, as well as the process of filling the mold with concrete and the uniformity of concrete distribution, also largely affect.

The brand and class of concrete determine it strength characteristics and are the main indicator of quality when choosing a ready-made solution or proportions for self-mixing. The remaining criteria - frost resistance, water resistance and mobility are considered secondary. These values ​​are regulated, the required strength class must be indicated in the design documentation, it is different for each design. But in private construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to choose the parameters of the solution without the help of professionals, it is important to understand general principle current classification.

The relationship of the brand, class and other characteristics of concrete

This table additionally indicates such important indicators as:

1. Frost resistance: denoted by the letter "F" and characterizes the number of cycles of freezing and thawing of concrete. It is important when choosing a brand for pouring a foundation in flooded areas or under conditions of constant freezing of the soil. The higher this figure, the better.

2. Water resistance (from W2 to W20) - reflects the bond strength of the concrete structure and resistance to moisture penetration inside. The higher this characteristic, the less microcracks in the material and the lower the risk of destruction of building structures during freezing.

3. Workability or grade of concrete mobility (indicated by the letter "P" and indexed from 1 to 5). A temporary indicator that reflects the ability of the solution to uniformly fill and distribute the proposed form under the influence of its own weight (without additional vibration). Compositions with high mobility (P4) are used when pouring hard-to-reach areas, in standard cases it is convenient to work with P2 and P3.

Exists clear connection between the quality of the binder, the selected proportions and the brand of concrete and, as a result, its strength. Other characteristics can be controlled and changed by introducing antifreeze additives or the use of hydrophobic cement, but only taking into account acceptable limits and the inevitable increase in price. Standard ratios are shown in the table:

In addition to applying the indicated proportions, attention is paid to the quality and preparation of the components to obtain concrete with the desired strength grade. The introduction of unsifted sand with impurities, stale cement or dirty gravel worsens the structure of the material and adversely affects the process of curing. Despite the increase in the mobility of concrete when diluted with water, it is categorically not recommended to violate the proportion indicated for it. The same applies to ready-made purchased solutions.

Scope of use

The scope of various grades is determined by the operating conditions and the loads experienced, in particular, one of the following options is selected:

1. M75 - "skinny" solution for pouring drainage layers.

2. M100 - used in road construction (curbs) and in preparing the base of the building for pouring the main structures. Not suitable for concreting critical and loaded areas.

3. M150 - brand lightweight concrete for ancillary purposes. The scope of application includes floor screeding, construction of garden and footpaths, curbs, foundations for light buildings, pouring monolithic slabs.

4. M200 - reinforced concrete grade, optimally suited for retaining walls, floor screeds, foundation structures, blind areas, garden areas and paths.

5. M250 - a heavy variety in demand in private construction. Used for pouring foundations flights of stairs, bases for fences and outbuildings, tiled ceilings with low load. It is allowed to use M250 concrete in industry, but only for low-rise buildings.

6. M300 - for pouring foundations of any complexity, including slabs, flights of stairs and platforms.

7. M350 - the initial brand for the foundations of multi-storey buildings. This concrete is characterized high strength and waterproof and suitable for both erection multi-hollow floors both beams and concreting monolithic structures. It is from it that the bowls of public pools, roads of airfields, columns, supports, grillages and other loaded reinforced concrete products are poured.

8. M400 - super-heavy quick-setting brand. Due to the high cost, it is practically not used in individual construction, the exceptions are private houses with basements in areas with the risk of groundwater flooding. The main scope of application is hydraulic structures, bank vaults and other reinforced concrete facilities with increased requirements for concrete strength and building safety.

9. M450 is another professional brand with a high setting speed. Selected for regulated objects: dams and dams, bridges, metro tunnels.

10. M500 - a brand of concrete with a high content of cement, exclusively for hydraulic structures and specialized products.

There is a clear relationship between the quality, performance and cost of solutions; in private construction, the use of concrete above M400 is not economically feasible. The main operating range includes M100-M450 and B7.5-B35, respectively. Verification of the characteristics of the concrete mixture specified by the manufacturer (recommended stage in the construction of critical facilities) at home is not possible. For laboratory examination, a cube of 15 × 15 cm is poured, the final results will be known only in a month (28 days are allotted for solidification and achievement of the design strength).

In addition to choosing the right brand for reliable building structure it is important to organize the appropriate curing conditions: concrete needs to be cured for at least 15-20 days after pouring. The surface is protected from direct rays, moistened and covered with plastic films.

It should be remembered about the main rule of cement hydration - when sub-zero temperatures this process stops, which leads to a decrease in the final strength and frost resistance. In case of a sharp cold snap or the need to carry out work in winter time concrete is covered with a film or heated.

01. We get high-strength concrete in ANYONE region

02. We are nothing NOT sell

03. You NOT have to buy equipment

04. Concrete only from your LOCAL components

05. Someone will do better? We will pay you!

Why are we the best
on high-strength concrete?

candidate of technical sciences
Vladimir Volodin

gets concrete
brand M2500 (B180)

Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich(Technical Director)

01. He brought the brand of concrete to the incredible M2500
(obtaining the strongest mass-produced concrete in Europe)

02. Participated in the exposure of concrete in the skyscrapers of "Moscow City"

03. Developed high-strength concrete for the Vostochny Cosmodrome

04. Wrote a dissertation on high-strength concrete

05. PhD ()

06. Winner of international competitions in concrete science ()

08. Inventor (patent holder)

Abramov Dmitry Alexandrovich(director)

01. Implemented the technology at more than ten large plants in the CIS

02. Found a site with a raw material base for the production of the cheapest high-strength concrete (in Europe)

03. Inventor

Where is high-strength concrete used in Russia?

Completely in Russia
can't make
high-strength concrete
(in tangible volumes)

According to the latest research...


Less than 0.3% profit concrete plants spend on R&D

"High-strength concrete" in Russia is:

High-rise buildings (above 40 floors)- strength about M1150 (B90)

Glass fiber reinforced concrete- M900 (at the same time super-expensive, super-cement-intensive)

Floor hardeners- maximum strength M800 (B60)

Architectural products (facades, etc.)- less than M800 (B60)

paving slabs- less than M700 (B55)

Junctions (for roads of the 1st category)- occasionally M600 (B45-B50)

Special reinforced concrete products- M600 (B45-B50)

Why is high-strength concrete sold 2-3 times more expensive than its cost?

The lack of standards for the selection of high-strength concrete recipes gives rise to a lot of intermediaries and sellers of additives.

No one guarantees the production of high-strength concrete (except us).

Factories spend 0.3% of their expenses on research (concrete science).

Prices for concrete for skyscrapers "Moscow City"

Price list of CJSC "Ingeokomprom" supplier of concrete for skyscrapers "Moscow City" for concrete mixes dated June 01, 2014
Source of information: http://eprom.su/prajjs-list/ (screenshot from 07/03/2015)

Due to what we get the most durable concrete in the Russian Federation?

We "peeped" from the Germans

We have worked for many years

over high-strength concrete

As a result, they surpassed Western counterparts

In which cities did we get high-strength concrete?

Moscow - from М1450 (to М2500)

Ulyanovsk - М1200

Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan)- M1200

Samara Region- M1300

Vladivostok - M1200

Yakutia - M1000

Republic of Bashkortostan- M1200

Chelyabinsk - M1300-M1400

Krasnoyarsk - M1300-M1400

Yekaterinburg - М1200

Penza - М1400

Vladimir - savings from 85 to 850 rubles. per cube

Naberezhnye Chelny- M1300

Kaluga - M1200

St. Petersburg - М1400

and others

Minimum 100.000 rub. per day
we save for our customers

How much do our services for setting up the production of high-strength concrete cost?

The price depends on the degree of our involvement.

The minimum price for the introduction of high-strength concrete:
The amount of your savings
per 500 m 3 of high-strength concrete

Unclear? Call us and we will explain

THREE WEEKS is the average period from the beginning of work with us to the release of the first batch of high-strength concrete at your production.

If we start working with you, You will receive unlimited annual technical support for concrete engineering (telephone, mail, additional alterations of compositions, if necessary, business trips).

What if it doesn't work? If something does not work out, we will return all the money.

Need more information?

Come to visit my place!
We are in a HUGE concrete plant
Address: Russia, Tolyatti, Nikonova 52
International. The airport: KUF (Kurumoch) (40 min drive to us)
Railway station: "Zhigulevskoye More" (6 minutes drive to us)

Concrete is a highly demanded material. modern construction. It is used in the construction of foundations, walls, paths, bridges, etc. In this case, in each case, its own composition should be applied. The specific purpose of concrete is determined by its class or brand. The latter are usually indicated on the packaging.

Varieties of concrete

Currently, the following grades of this material can be used in the construction of buildings and structures:

super light;

• very heavy.

Mix for concrete is made using different types of fillers. By the type of the latter, the brand of the finished solution is determined. As a filler, both light materials (for example, expanded clay or sawdust) and heavier ones (sand, crushed stone) can be used. In industrial construction, special specialized concretes are sometimes used. They use metal shavings as a filler. Such a solution is considered very heavy.

Concrete brand

This indicator is determined in specialized laboratories empirically. In order to find out what brand the concrete has, a cube made of it with a side length of 15 cm is subjected to a certain pressure. At the same time, look at the compressibility indicators.

There are currently the most commonly used basic concrete grades on the market. And their characteristics (the table below presents them clearly), and methods of application will be discussed by us a little later. There are seven types of material in total. Each of them is designated by the letter M and a number showing what pressure in kgf per cm² the material can withstand. So, for example, M200 concrete is able to maintain integrity under a load of 200 kgf / cm².

Concrete class

The strength grade of concrete is directly related to the class of this material. However, the latter is more precise and specific in this case. After all, the quality of the finished concrete, in addition to the filler and brand of cement, can be influenced by many other factors. For example, the type and purity of the filler, sealer and binder, as well as pouring methods, curing conditions, etc.

When determining the class of concrete, its brand is taken into account, as well as correction factors. It is calculated according to the formula:

B = R*(0.0980655*(1 - 1.64*V)),

where R is the average strength of the material (grade),

V - coefficient of variation.

We found out that there is such a thing as concrete grades. And their characteristics (the correspondence table will clearly show this), and the scope of use in most cases coincides with the classes. However, the last indicator is indicated not in kgf / cm², but in pascals. The parameter 0.0980655 in the above formula is just a conversion factor from one unit of measurement to another.

So, a certain brand of concrete in terms of strength usually corresponds to its specific class. However, sometimes the average and actual strength of this material differ quite significantly. In this case, the brand and class may not match. For example, concrete grade M200, due to the not too high quality of the filler or cement, can be designated as B10, not B15. The number in the material class indicates its ability to withstand certain loads in MPa. So, B25 concrete, without harm to itself, endures a pressure of 25 MPa.

Of course, the cost also depends on the class of the material. The solution is usually sold by volume. That is, the unit of measurement for which the price of such material is determined is a cubic meter. So, 1 m³ of an M100 class solution costs about 2000 rubles, M200 will cost about 2200 rubles, and M300 can be bought for 3500 rubles.

Compliance with brand and class

When carrying out various construction works often you need to know what properties a particular type of solution differs in. Next, let's look at what qualities specific brands of concrete have. Both their characteristics (the table below will surely be useful to many builders), and the scope, as already mentioned, in most cases correspond to the properties of a particular class.

Concrete M100

Thus, we are with you in general terms Considered what are the grades of concrete and their characteristics. The table shows that the scope of this material depends mainly on its strength. Next, let's take a closer look at how each class is specifically used. The M100 brand material, for example, does not differ in too much strength. Therefore, it is usually used for plastering walls, holding preparatory work when pouring a roadway or building a foundation. In the latter case, the so-called footing is made from this material - a flat area on which the reinforcing cage is installed.

Often this concrete is also used when installing a curb stone that is not subjected to special loads, pouring pavement paths low traffic, etc.

The scope of application is about the same. The material is quite strong for the construction of structures that are not subjected to loads, but not reliable enough for pouring "serious" objects.

Mark M200

Concrete floors and screeds are usually made from class B15 concrete. Also, this brand is well suited for pouring small stairs, paths, playgrounds, etc. Sometimes the owners of suburban areas even build foundations for houses with walls made of lightweight materials using this solution. However, the M200 concrete grade can be used for this purpose only on stable soils. Wherein ground water should be deep enough.

Concrete M300

A solution of this composition is an excellent answer to the question of which brand of concrete for the foundation is best suited. Stairs and fences are also often cast from this class of material. Not bad this option is suitable for construction monolithic walls low-rise residential and commercial buildings. The M300 brand is by far the most popular type of concrete among owners of suburban areas.

M350

Pouring the foundation and monolithic walls is what this brand of concrete (and class of concrete) is mainly used for. The table shows that a material of this strength is also used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products. It can be beams, floor slabs, etc. In addition, M300 concrete is often used for pouring screeds and floors. Sometimes homemade ones are made from it. monolithic floors in formwork.

Concrete M400

This is a very durable type of material used mainly in the construction of buildings and structures for special purposes. For example, racks and canvases of bridges are cast from it, bank safes, hydroelectric dams are made. The same concrete is also used to fill the runways of airfields.

Other indicators

So, the most important parameters are the brand of concrete and the class of concrete. The table of their correspondences shows how strong this or that variety can be. Of course, the ability to withstand certain loads is the first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing concrete. However, there are other parameters that are no less important and determine the suitability of the material in a particular case. Therefore, there are grades of concrete not only in terms of strength, but also in terms of such indicators as frost resistance, moisture resistance and plasticity.

The ability of concrete to withstand low temperatures

In conditions of middle and northern latitudes, the durability and reliability of finished concrete structures largely depends on such an indicator as frost resistance. Previously, the brand of solutions in this regard was designated as MP3. Now, in terms of frost resistance, concrete is classified with the letter F. The figure following it characterizes maximum amount cycles of freezing and thawing, which the material is able to withstand without loss of quality.

Like strength, a particular composition is determined empirically. Investigate samples serially. In this case, the strength of concrete is preliminarily measured. Further, it undergoes several freeze/thaw cycles. At the final stage, its strength is again determined.

At the moment, concrete is produced with frost resistance grades from F25 to F1000. In private housing construction, concrete for outdoor work should, of course, have the greatest resistance to low temperatures.

However, you should pay attention to this indicator not only when building houses in regions with a cold climate, but also when building such important structures as bridges, dams, airfield pavements, roads.

Moisture resistance grades

This indicator is important to take into account when choosing concrete intended for the construction of buildings and structures operated in conditions high humidity. Water impermeability is the ability of a material to resist moisture entering under pressure. In this regard, there are different types concrete. There are only five main brands for water resistance: W2, W4, W6, W8, W12. Previously, the letter B was used to determine the quality of concrete for this indicator.

The number after W in the marking shows at what pressure of the water column the prototype does not let water through. Tests of concrete for moisture resistance are carried out by the "wet spot" method. In practice, two indicators of water resistance are commonly used:

Modern industry produces not only ordinary, but also special, hydraulic concrete. This material is highly resistant to water. In its manufacture, Portland cement of high grades or its plasticized version is used. In this case, special requirements are imposed on the quality of fillers. They should not contain any organic residues. The maximum allowable grain size used for manufacturing should be 5 mm.

Grades by plasticity

This parameter affects, first of all, workability. In certain cases, this indicator can be very important. For example, for pumping through pipelines or when pouring structures using machinery, sufficiently flowable concrete should be used.

The plasticity of the solution increases, as is known, when water is added. However, if there is too much of it, the concrete will lose strength. Therefore, to increase the mobility of the solution in our time, special additives are used - plasticizers.

This material is marked for fluidity with the letter P. In this regard, there are the following types of concrete:

PK1 - the immersion depth of the cone is 1-4 mm.

PC2 - 4-8 mm.

PC3 - 8-12 mm.

PC4 - 12-14 mm.

Plasticity is determined as follows:

A cone is made of tin with a wide side diameter of 200 mm and a top angle of 30 degrees.

In three stages, it is filled with a concrete mixture with a rammer.

Level the concrete and turn the cone over onto a flat surface.

• They look at how concrete will shrink over a certain period of time.

So buying ready solution, first of all, you should look at the class of its strength. If necessary, you should also make sure that the grades of its moisture resistance, frost resistance and mobility correspond to certain conditions. In this case, the finished structure will be reliable and durable.