Plane structure. Hand planer starter kit - how to choose

Choice of hand planers

The specialists of "Arsenal Master RU" have prepared this article for you - an overview of carpentry planers, summing up their experience and using open sources (articles in American magazines, the Internet).
* This photo review was created for informational purposes and is not a product, you can print this page independently and free of charge.

We will consider the four main size groups of classic planers according to the Stanley classification (Stanley) for working with planes and offer planer starter kits.

At one time, back in the 19th century, a size range of planers and jointers was developed. basis this row the American Bailey laid it down, and Stanley streamlined and finalized it.
Hand planers are available in a variety of sizes. Why are there so many?

We will try to explain this by considering 4 groups, depending on the application, and in order of increasing their size:

Consider which planers in each group are used for what.

Planes are assigned numbers in accordance with their standard size, the larger the number, the more planes. The first three small planers shown in the photo below are cross-cut planers, the next three planers are from the second group "fine planers", the third group is a group of universal planers (Jack planers), and the fourth group of large planers are jointers according to our Russian terminology.

Each group best serves a specific purpose. For example, smoothing planers are designed to make wood as smooth as silk, ready for finishing.
Basically, it is the length that is the key to understanding each group. By choosing the right length planer, you can get the job done much faster with better results.

AT Western world miter planes are often associated with do-it-youselfers (self-employed) carpenters because they are inexpensive and small enough to fit on a belt or toolbox. Also they have wide application in a woodworking workshop.
A high quality miter planer can become one of your favorite tools.

There are three types of miter planers:

In Standard Angle miter planers, the blades are angled to the surface at approximately 20 degrees with the bevel up. The knife is usually sharpened at an angle of 25 degrees and, accordingly, the effective cutting angle will be 45 degrees. It is identical to the large planers.

In a Low-Angle miter planer, the knife is set at an angle of approximately 12 degrees, resulting in a much lower cutting angle, the picture shows the recommended setting and sharpening of the knife, including micro-beveled:

Pocket (pocket-size) planers use a standard blade angle, but these planes are ultra-small in size and light in weight.

A miter planer is great for planing any ends of wood fibers, including trimming the edges of drawer and door parts.
Planing the end grain of wood requires more effort than planing the front surface and places more stress on the blade of the planer knife.
The miter planer blade is more stable because it is mounted beveled up instead of down as on most large planers.
In this position, the tip of the blade has additional support from the side of the planer body.
For planing ends, it is better to use a Low-Angle planer because it requires less effort.

A cross-cut planer, in addition to planing the ends of the fibers, still has more options for use.
The trimmer is convenient for forming a rounding or chamfer on the edges of parts, when held with one hand.
And of course, a pocket planer fits easily into any pocket - be it a carpenter's apron, shirt or fanny pack.

The smoothing plane is a serious hand tool and best friend for those who work for them.
This planer turns planing into a close shave and it can make a board as smooth to the touch as silk.

But to call a double planer only this group still not entirely correct, since the double knife is also used in other groups of planers.

There are three types of smoothing planers:

#4 is the type commonly used, although the slightly larger and wider #4-1/2 is more popular with overseas carpenters. Planer #4 is 2 inches (50.8 mm) wide

#4-1/2 - Heavier and the added mass of the planer makes it easier to maintain momentum when planing hardwoods. Planer #4-1/2 - 2-3/8" (60.3 mm).

#3 is lighter and smaller in width than #4. This is important for women carpenters and apprentice carpenters. Planer #3 is 1-3/4" (44.5 mm) wide.

Smoothing (smoothing) planers are used for fine planing of the surface of the board - finishing.
Their relatively short length makes them ideal for planing. wide boards or furniture panels, because they can correct small irregularities on the surface, creating a long continuous chip. What is the gold standard in carpentry. The longer the leveling planer, the more continuous the chips and the smoother the surface. With a smaller size, smoothing should be more frequent.
Fine-tuning such a planer will pay off with a perfectly smooth surface, on almost any wood.

A longer tool makes it easier to keep its sole flat. In inexperienced hands, planing with a shorter planer usually results in blockages along the edges of the board.
Planing exactly with a planer with a double knife is possible only after acquiring sufficient skill.

In the Russian classification that we are used to, these are semi-joiner.
"He is a master of all trades, but he does not master anything" - says the saying. This expression perfectly describes the essence of this planer and helps to explain the origin of this name.
The Jack planer is longer than the fine planer and therefore more effective on larger surfaces.
This planer is great for rough planing, but it can also produce long, thin chips almost like #4.
It is powerful, efficient, versatile and useful tool even in a workshop filled with machine tools and power tools.

There are three types of Jack planes:

The classic planer (semi-joint) Jack is No. 5. Its width is 2 inches, like #4, but it is longer.

#5-1/2 is wider, longer and heavier than #5. Its extra weight makes planing difficult wood easier.

No. 5-1/4 - shorter, narrower and lighter than No. 5. It was created mainly for teaching carpentry.

Developing idea No. 5, the Canadian company Veritas expanded the capabilities of this planer by introducing planes of the series with an inverted knife and a small planing angle.

The Jack planer can both level and smooth the surface - it has more possibilities than when using more specialized planers for smoothing or leveling. It is also useful for aligning joints, for example, chair legs with a drawstring.
If you use a planer blade with a pronounced curve, then this tool is ideal for quickly removing large amounts of wood. According to our classification, it turns out . It is used for rough primary processing of wood.

Jointer (from the German Fugbank) is designed for final processing wood. It is used when there is a need to level the surface of a large size, as well as for joining the edges of long parts. Structurally, it is a long planer with a double knife. When planing with a jointer, initially uneven surface it turns out chips in the form of small pieces, and with repeated passes - continuous, which indicates that the surface being machined has become even.

Leveling planers are long, wide, and heavy. They are used for two specific purposes: straightening ends and leveling large surfaces. Accuracy is needed in both cases, and this requires a planer (joiner) with a long and flat sole. The most common leveling planer is the #7 planer, best known as the jointer.
A jointer is best suited for dressing long edges to attach them to each other.

There are three types of jointers:

No. 6 is best for leveling most large surfaces. It is used in front of a smoothing planer for clean planing, which finishes the job.

Planer #7 - Same width as #6, but about 4 inches longer.

Planer No. 8 is a hulk: longer, wider and heavier than No. 7.

Both No. 6 or No. 7 planes can be used for joining and leveling planes, although having both is ideal. If you only have one, then it is better to have two knives. For joints - a blade is required that is perfectly sharpened and has a straight, even edge; for leveling large planes - a jointer with a blade that has a sharp point with a slight curvilinearity is more effective.
No. 8 is large and bulky, but it is an excellent jointer for joining long joints, wide edges, for example - doors.

As we have reviewed, the breadth of standard sizes of planers closes almost all work from rough planing and leveling of planes to fine finishing planing. Based on the centuries-old experience of the Masters, the following basic kits have developed, which close most of the tasks of planing planes for a novice Carpenter. Highly specialized planers increase the quality and speed of work, therefore experienced Masters trying to have as full a line as possible.
Consider starter kits:

The recommended contents of the kit may vary depending on availability, changes in product range manufacturers, as well as your wishes.
Arsenal Masters specialists have sufficient competence and will be happy to answer all your questions. Tools are available in warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod, we will deliver to any region, there are promotions for free delivery. Payment on-line on the site by bank cards and non-cash on the account (VAT included).

Exists great amount types of planers and the tasks they perform. There are hundreds of models and modifications that are designed for smooth and curved planing, shaping and other specific tasks. In this video, the master talks about the types of planers for smooth linear planing. Each of them has its own purpose.

A planer (from the German word Raubank) is a manual woodworking tool for planing. Used to give surfaces wooden parts the desired roughness, straightness, flatness, shape, reducing the size of parts, as well as for creating extended recesses in parts various shapes("quarters", "sheet piles", etc.). (Wikipedia).

With each passage along the surface, the planer cuts off a layer of material to a thickness determined by the amount of extension of the cutter, as well as the angle of its inclination.

The planer is an ancient invention (there are finds by archaeologists in Pompeii, the date has been determined - the 1st century AD). It spread among craftsmen carpenters in the 15th-16th centuries. The first planes had a wooden block, and the blade was fixed with a wooden wedge. Nowadays, electric planers are widely used in production and in everyday life.

Numbered dimensional marking of planers and jointers

At one time, back in the 19th century, a size range of planers and jointers was developed, each of which was for its own tasks. Each has a number badge from 1 to 8. From the smallest planer to the largest jointer.

We immediately note the difference between planers and jointers. If the first is to create a flat and smooth surface of the tree, then the jointer is used in fitting boards, for example, when gluing them.

Planer with size No. 4 - the most popular

The most common planer, which can most often be seen at the master’s, is the middle one in a row - it has No. 4 on it. It is recommended, firstly, to start carpentry practice. This size is the most popular in carpentry. It is designed for smooth cutting. It should be noted that planers allow you to get a smooth and smooth surface. These concepts are not identical. What is linearly smooth is smooth, and what is smooth to the touch is smooth.

Women's (junior) planer No. 3

The longer the sole, the smoother the surface should be. How is planer #3 different? No. 4 has a width of 50 mm, and No. 3 has a width of 45 mm. It would seem that the difference is small. But in work they differ due to the fact that one already has a blade and it is a little narrower and lighter. Even a strong master does not always cope with large ones, this is all the more true for women. No. 3 is considered women's or junior.

Planer for children No. 2

No. 2. By analogy, we can say that he is a child. It is for planing by children's hands.

The smallest planer - No. 1

No. 1 is the smallest planer, it is a gentleman's tool for various delicate jobs, and the fact is that if the two is difficult to take in hand, then the one can be taken with a not quite familiar grip on the handle, but it will be taken with the palm of your hand and it will be convenient.

Semi-jointed, their varieties

It is believed that everything up to 50 cm long is a semi-joiner. Consider the number classification of this interesting instrument.

Semi-joiner No. 5

#5 is a very interesting tool. Planes do not differ much from each other, as well as semi-joiners. But the difference between semi-joiners No. 5 and No. 6 is very big. They have a big difference in the width of the blade by a whole centimeter. On the one hand, they can be placed side by side, but they can be classified differently. The logic to attribute semi-joiner No. 5 to planers is very simple - the width of the piece of iron is the same. The logic to attribute No. 6 to jointers is also the same - the width of the blade. But nevertheless, it is a semi-joiner.

A few words about number 5. The fact is that if in Russia the most common size of the four is typical, then in the Western tradition, for example, the British were no less popular with multi-purpose planers No. 5. In the English tradition, the jack of all trades who can do anything was called Jack. This literary name is associated with the name of planer No. 5 - jack. With all the most common tasks, the five copes perfectly. He, due to his length and width of the blade, cuts easier and more evenly than the other number.

Semi-joiner No. 6 is often used by women for carpentry

No. 6 from experience can be used in different ways. If we attribute it to a jointer, then we can present it as a female jointer. It is still much shorter than the standard one and therefore lighter. This is his first merit. Its second advantage is a tool that planes fairly evenly, but due to its small size, relative to jointers, it is convenient to take it with you somewhere on the road. But its most striking manifestation is that it is suitable for planing shields. Shields are planed not only along the fibers, but across and at 90 degrees. Six is ​​the first instrument that has a wide piece of iron. The wider the piece of iron, the more convenient it is to cut the shield.

It is possible to plan shields with jointers. But they are heavy. After 10-15 minutes of working with him, fatigue sets in. Therefore, the six is ​​irreplaceable. If you plan a smooth surface, it will be smooth and, accordingly, even.

jointers

It would seem that they are larger in size and designed for even more even planing. It really is. But its main task is to joint surfaces. Why is bracing necessary? As soon as we see a part thicker than 50 mm in carpentry, 90% of the cases it is plywood. For example, a cover assembled from five parts needed jointing, that is, when fitting the surfaces of the parts to each other before gluing.

Jointers, like planers, differ in size, that is, in length and width. They are for the same work, but a reasonable choice for the average master is a seven. Eight is heavy reliable tool, which is already pressed against the part by its own weight, and it only needs to be pushed.

How to form a planer toolkit for a novice master?

If you are a master, then start with No. 4, if you are a beginner master and while it is difficult for you to cope with work on a planer, or you are a slender young lady, then take No. 3. And further from the four, it is recommended to take a step to the right or left.

Let's start with a step to the left. We do not discuss the figure eight, since this is a very heavy planer (joiner), therefore, either a seven or a six is ​​considered. If you are a young lady, then after the three you take the six. This semi-joiner will perform the tasks of a jointer. If you are just a master, then take a seven.

Now step to the right. Let's take the last step. Turner, or grinder, that is, a planer for very clean planing. They are excellent for finishing the ends of products. After that, depending on the specifics of our work, we can fill in our row with either No. 4 or six. Everyone has their own preferences for specialization, so they can also influence the choice of tool size and the formation of a planer fleet. How is another article.

The company Interskol offers a choice of carpentry tools. Among them there is the most basic - this is a planer. It is usually made from hard wood. In addition to it, there are a number of tools that a carpenter can use, for example:

• jointer;
• Scherhebel and others.

Each species has its own specialized characteristics and purpose. Therefore, it is important to know which tool, at what point in the work, the carpenter should use. Although today everyone makes cars for people, there is still a jointer, who is in no way inferior to his brothers. In the workshop of a carpenter, he occupies a worthy place.

The main parts of the models can be called a knife made of iron, a block, and a wedge. Planes are divided into a number of subspecies and types precisely because of their purpose, as well as additional devices.

Various modifications

Let's pay attention to the most different types carpentry tool:

• Mechanical or manual. It is sometimes made of plastic. But more often from wood and metal. There are varieties from combined material. The quality of the hull is directly related to what the jointer is based on. Its functionality also depends on the type of wood to be sanded;
• Electric. Its functional mode is wider. Work is done faster thanks to the electric motor. High processing speed allows grinding a large number of tree.

The wooden jointer has received the widest use at home, at the carpenter's workshop. Consider below how the planer differs from other similar devices for processing a wooden surface.

What was first?

Initially, a sherhebel appeared. Such instruments differ only in name from other similar instruments. But they add variety. Sherhebels are used when planing a tree that has not yet been processed. We can say that this is a rough cut.

It looks massive, the weight is very heavy, since its body is made of metal. The main purpose is primary processing to get from wood right size product, giving it a shape. If, for example, this is a trough or a future one-piece boat, then it is the sherhebel that is used, since it planes to a great depth.

A flat surface will not work, but there are other tools for this. It looks like a normal carpentry device. Only his knife is set at an angle of forty-five degrees, which has a rounding at the bottom. So you can remove up to three millimeters of chips at a time. Deep hollows should then be processed and leveled. The oval cutting edge allows you to work without a longitudinal break. The hardness of the wood determines what angle it is better to turn the iron to achieve a better finish. It is very easy to do this. You just need to use a screwdriver to set the knife to the desired degree.

The difference between a sherhebel and another instrument is that it has one feature. It is intended for rough processing of wood. It has a semicircular sharpening of the blade, and it is also narrower than other carpentry devices. Iron protrudes from the block by two or three millimeters.

The jointer has two cutters. it hand tool, which is designed for the final and precise processing of wood. It levels the plane of large volumes for a short time. This is possible thanks to a long block, edge jointing.

The length of the device reaches two or three times the size of a conventional tool. His knife has a chip breaker. There is a handle available, makes the work easier and more enjoyable. It can be either one or two knives.

The difference between a jointer and a planer is that the former has two blades, while the latter always has only one. They have the same body structure, however, the first one is longer. Therefore, it is possible to process wood with greater speed, spending a minimum of time on a large area.

Planer types

Speaking about the types of planers and their purpose, let's pay attention to the classification of carpentry tools:

• It can be used for flat planing;
• And curly processing is possible.

Let's look at the first type first.

• Semi-jointed. It is represented by a shortened version of its counterpart, significantly inferior in size. The sole of a semi-joiner can reach sixty centimeters. The cutter is up to eight centimeters wide. The device is intended for processing large areas of wood;
• Medvedka. This instrument has large paired handles. Its width and length are also large. A special wedge is used to hold the knife. Work with the bear is carried out by two carpenters who hold it by the handle on each side. Use the device to process large areas wood, for example, boards that are going to sheathe the house from the outside. Or finish the walls and ceiling under the tree. At a time, the bear removes chips one millimeter thick;
• Sander. It is used when you need to clean a wooden surface. With its help, defects that have arisen after wood processing by other devices are corrected. Easily cleans places around knots, ends. If the tree has an uneven structure, then use a sander. He can handle any pattern. It has a double iron dedicated to scrapping shavings. It is presented in the form of a straight blade. The crouch angle is sixty degrees;
• Tsinubel. It is used if the surface needs to be slightly roughened. They also use it to plan the curly wood. This treatment allows several surfaces to be glued more tightly, as the glue clings to the wood better, and the structure can last a very long time. Tsinubel knives have grooves, it is they that give the roughness to the wooden surface. They are placed at an angle of eighty degrees. Therefore, scuff marks do not appear even when processing curly wood. Knives are usually single, the serrated blade is straight. The length of the block reaches twenty centimeters. It is six and a half centimeters in width, the same in height;
• End. It is used for planing ends, as well as for small surfaces of wood, which has an uneven structure;
• Single. It is used for re-planing a tree. Chips usually do not break, but spalls and scuffs of small sizes are possible on the surface;
• Double. Compared to a single one, it has two irons, one of which breaks chips, which makes work a pleasure, improving the quality of processing.

Figure planing

For curly planing the following planers may be used:

• Zenzubel. It has two knives, so the quality of the work remains high. Used to deburr quarters or plan on perpendicular surfaces. The width of the iron is approximately thirty-three millimeters with a shape in the form of a spatula. This is the closest relative of falsebelly;
• Federgubel. Its task is to process the longitudinal protrusions located on the edge of the workpieces. The blade has a special shape that allows you to create rectangular ledges along the edge of the product;
• Falsebel. It is used to clear quarters. The knives are single, having both a straight and oblique shape. The tool has a stepped sole that can be removed. Not all models have this feature. But where possible, it is easy to change the folds of the desired profile and size in order to better process the tree;
• Headquarters, headquarters. Thanks to him, you can give a rounded shape to a wood product. This is possible due to the iron, made in the form of a concave blade;
• Tongue-and-groove. im form longitudinal grooves, which are located on the edges of the blanks. The tongue and groove has two pads connected with special metal screws. One of them guides, and the other fixes the work, holding the knives;
• Mold. Its main purpose is to figuratively process a tree in order to give it a special shape. Used when creating eaves for houses, baguettes or doorways. Her incisors are special. Their edge is curly. The sole has many steps, which are selected depending on the shape of the future part, what exactly the master wants to receive;
• Gruntubel. With its help, grooves are cut across the fibers of the tree in the form of a trapezoidal section. Appearance represented by a block with a pointed hook inserted into it, which is used as a cutter;
• Gorbach. The name itself speaks for itself. Its last is curved, which helps to process a surface that has a convex or concave shape. The diameter doesn't matter at all. Gorbach will process any curved surface.

Why so many varieties?

It is difficult for joiners and carpenters to get by with one tool. Since the surface of wood can come across very different. You never know what shape it will have, and the customer may also require to create a masterpiece of wood, for example, with a convex surface.

There are devices that can only be used in pairs. We are talking about the federgubel and the tongue and groove. They can also be applied one after the other. First, the tree is processed rough, using a sherhebel, then cleanly, using a jointer.

Therefore, a master engaged in joinery and carpentry cannot get by with just one tool. The quality of the raw material, the result that the carpenter strives for - all this requires a variety of efforts from the carpenter. It is for this reason that he needs different devices.

First of all, I want to say about the planer. It is he who is traditionally used for wood processing. You can do a lot with it. But the master at home does not always pick it up, believing that such a model has long been outdated. After reviewing an article about how many varieties of this type device, one can understand how such ornate wooden works of art come out of the hands of a carpenter.

The class of planing devices is very wide. And the above varieties of planers are an example of this. Their main task is to process plane-rectilinear surfaces, creating the required relief. In this case, the dimensions of the part can be reduced by cutting the wood a little.

The standard model has a length of twenty to twenty-five centimeters. Apart from wooden case it may have a metallic composition. It is possible to use, as we have seen, one or even two knives, performing various operations with wood.

A variety of types and modifications of models have become possible thanks to the centuries-old approach to the work of a woodworker. The most different instruments allowing to process any wooden surface. Now the work of the carpenter and joiner is greatly facilitated. Can be prepared in a short time wooden structure to use it in making a stool, a table, a bed, a wall, and the like.

Needless to say, how important a working tool is for any craftsman. From its quality, richness and variety functionality depends on the result of all the efforts of the employee.

One of the most famous and traditionally demanded woodworking tools is a planer. Despite its apparent simplicity, it can do a lot. However, not all home craftsmen know about this property today. Therefore, the answer to the question of how to make a planer the most active means to achieve the highest quality of work should, probably, be of interest to every potential carpenter.

Planer and its varieties

This hand tool belongs to the class of planing devices. The main purpose of the most commonly used planers is to create a given flat-rectilinear relief on wooden surfaces. In addition, they are used to uniformly reduce the size of wooden parts by gradually cutting off layers of wood.

A standard tool for cleaning planes and edges usually has a length of 20-25 cm. If earlier it was almost always made of wood, today there are many metal analogues.

Modern planers differ from older types both in increased strength and the option of adjusting for certain operations, and in the ability to equip them with single or double knives.

However, the main thing is that over the many centuries of evolution of this tool, carpenters, endowing it with new and new features and modifying the design, have found for their faithful assistant a lot of very different and promising additional features. Which was expressed in a wide variety of types and modifications of the planer.

Thus, the following main modifications are known today:

• jointer;
• end planer;
• zenzubel;
• tongue and groove;
• Falzgebel;
• doborny planer.

There is also large group planers, which are distinguished by the type of planing of wood and their operating parameters.

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Hand jointer

Jointer device.

Jointer (semi-joiner) is a manual planer for leveling surfaces by planing wooden planes enough large area and for fitting various parts. With its help, fine planing is also carried out.

This is facilitated by a significant length of the jointer block and a double cutter. A handle is mounted on the block behind the knife, there is a plug in front, with the help of which the fastening force of the working cutter is regulated.

The principle of operation of the jointer is based on the fact that, during the first pass over a wooden surface, it forms chips, which consist of individual wood fragments. The final evenness of the machined plane is formed during the second pass, as evidenced by the appearance of continuous chips.

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end planer

As can be seen from the name of this carpentry tool, it is intended for clean finishing planing of the ends of wood blanks. small wooden surfaces and side cuts of parts are finished clean due to the presence of a specially beveled (at an angle of 21º) cutter. In the end model, you can also use interchangeable knives.

You can adjust the saw cut depth by adjusting the cutter extension, which is performed using a special roller. The design of this type of planers is based on a stamped base, the width of the working part of which reaches 40 mm. In this case, the base of the tool and its monolithic sidewalls are located perpendicular to each other.

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Groove grooving tool

This planer has a second, Russian, name - a selector. This name is not accidental, since its main functional purpose- sampling with subsequent cleaning of slices, quarters, folds, grooves having a rectangular cross section.

The specified effect is achieved by setting the zener cutter at a right angle to the narrow block of the base and a special cutter configuration. It looks like a small blade rectangular shape with 3 cutting edges: main (central) and 2 side edges.

In order to use a planer of this modification, you must have some experience with such a tool and knowledge of the technique for producing relief elements of wood blanks. Before using the zenzubel, quarters are marked on the workpiece with a thickness gauge, after which they are carefully carried out with a planer along the marked line. At this point, the first chip is removed, resulting in a small ledge. Further, it is possible to choose grooves, again passing along the ledge, much more confidently and quickly.

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This tool has other names - paznik, road builder. With it on the surface wooden blank sheet piles are selected - special narrow grooves that are located at a strictly specified distance from the edge of the workpiece. These grooves in woodworking are used to securely connect various parts of wood structures.

With a planer of this modification, it is possible to produce sheet piles up to 12 mm deep and 2-10 mm wide. A sufficiently wide range of tongue depths is achieved with the help of an adjusting device, with which the worker can change the degree of immersion of the cutter into the wood thickness. The paznik knife itself has a semicircular cross section.

An additional metal block acts as a guide, with the help of which the strict parallelism of the groove relative to the edge of the workpiece is maintained. Thanks to this design, the tongues can be placed at a distance of up to 100 mm from the edge of the wooden product.

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Stepped Falzgebel

This plane is used for sampling and stripping folds (quarters). It is used most often in cases where it is necessary to make long recesses in the form of grooves along the edges of wood surfaces, intended for the subsequent insertion of glasses into window frames or in furniture shelves under glazing.

From the zenzubel mentioned above, which also makes longitudinal grooves, the false hebel differs in a wider sole, which has a stepped structure. This circumstance allows using this tool to select folds of the same size.

For sampling quarters different profiles and dimensions, removable stepped soles are used. The ability to cut the vertical wall of the quarter gives additional installation special knife on the side of the folded edge.

There are the following types of plows.

Sherhebel

Sherhebel- the narrowest of all plows, has a piece of iron 45 mm wide, which is rounded at the bottom and protrudes beyond the plane of the sole up to 3 mm. It is used for preliminary rough processing when it is necessary to remove the upper thick layer. After processing with a sherhebel, traces of an oval piece of iron, clearly visible to the naked eye, remain on the board. His dimensions: length 250 mm. height 65 mm, iron filler angle 45°.

Single planer

double planer in contrast to the single one, it has a blunt adjustable valve, which is installed in front of the piece of iron on a screw. The valve plays the role of a chip breaker. The closer it is to the cutting edge, the cleaner the planing will be. A double planer is used for clean planing, for cleaning burrs and serrated surfaces.

sander

sander- a shortened planer, with a double piece of iron, which is somewhat moved forward to the block and therefore forms an increased cutting angle. The sander removes very fine chips and is designed to remove minor unevenness after the planer, as well as to clean up scuffs, ends and squiggles. The sander can process all types of pressed wood.

Jointer

end planer- the same as a double planer, but with a piece of iron placed under acute angle to the side of the block. Designed for gouging the ends, sometimes a double planer is used instead, the block of which in this case must be held at an acute angle to the direction of planing or, in other words, moved sideways.

humpback planer

Tsinubel- this is a special type of planer, the blade of which forms a jagged edge to y, and the additive angle is 80 ° (Fig. 20). It is used for planing curly wood, as well as for the formation of roughness or pile on the treated surface before gluing the material, when gluing wide surfaces of boards in thickness.

cycle

cycle is a steel plate made from used hacksaws or cross saws (dimensions: length 120 mm, width at least 60 mm and thickness up to 1 mm), Serves as a tool for final finishing and cleaning of wooden parts after processing them with a double planer or grinder. Its cutting edge is a sting or burr obtained after the movement of a piece of steel along its surface. Since, during scraping, the tip is located almost at a right angle to the surface being machined, the chips removed are very thin, and the surface is clean and even.