An important milestone Arrangement of an autonomous water supply system for the house and bath is the selection and installation of casing. To ensure reliable reinforcement of the walls hydraulic structure, increase operational life and improving the quality of produced water, applied casing for a well. Next, consider how to determine the size of the pipe for installation in private well and which material to choose to ensure the durability of the casing.

Definition and purpose of the casing

First you need to determine what a casing pipe is and what functions are assigned to it.

The casing pipe is a special pipe with a reinforced casing, designed to strengthen the internal structure of the well. Often, several functional elements are installed in a deep well, which are hermetically connected to each other, forming a single casing.

In this case, the wall thickness of the casing string is determined by the material of manufacture and the type of hydraulic structure in which it is installed.

Products made of metal and concrete are distinguished by a larger diameter, length and wall thickness than plastic products. The end of one pipe is equipped with a coupling to create a tight connection between the two elements. The second is equipped with a ring for reliable protection threads from damage.

Well casing elements have the following dimensions:

• Length - from 3 to 13 meters, while the standard value is 8 meters.
• The inner diameter is from 6.5 to 42.5 cm, the outer diameter is from 8 to 45 cm.
• Wall thickness - from 5 to 16 mm, the standard is 12 mm.
• Strength class for metal products.

Well casing pipes are designed to perform the following functions:

1. Ensure the integrity of the design of the water intake point throughout the entire operational period. Products have increased strength, inertness to deformations, damage and soil shifts.
2. Ensure complete casing seal to prevent seepage ground water into the hydraulic structure and possible contamination of the source.
3. Retain potable water from clean aquifers in the casing.
4. Protect the hydraulic structure from high blood pressure soil.
5. Protect the installed pumping equipment inside the column from possible contamination.

Important! To ensure reliable sealing of casing pipes among themselves, it is recommended to choose a threaded connection method.

Varieties of pipes for casing wells

It seems that only performance is important when choosing pipes for casing. In fact, the reliability and durability of the well depends not only on the diameter and length of the products, but also on the material used for their manufacture.

There are the following types of casing pipes for installation in water wells:

• plastic;
• metal;
• asbestos-cement;
• wooden.

It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of which pipes are best suited for arranging casing in wells. Right choice element is determined by operational and climatic conditions, performance and diameter of the water intake point, technical indicators of pumping equipment.

Casing pipes made of metal

Casing products are:

• cast iron;
• steel;
• enamelled;
• stainless steel;
• galvanized.

Steel products are the most demanded and practical option for the arrangement of the casing string. They meet all the technical and operational requirements that apply to such elements. Steel products are used to organize artesian wells when drilling is carried out in limestone or sandy soil.

The main advantages of the products include:

• High strength and wear resistance to damage and deformation.
• The presence of a threaded connection to create a sealed design.
• The service life of products with a wall thickness of 6 mm reaches 50 years.
• The possibility of cleaning the well with a drilling tool when the bottom is silted.
• Uninterrupted supply drinking water throughout the lifetime of the building.

The disadvantages of steel elements include the following:

• Susceptibility to corrosion and rust deposits in water.
• The complexity of the self-assembly due to the significant weight of thick-walled products.
• High cost of consumables.

In addition to steel pipes, enameled, galvanized and stainless models are used.

Casing products with an enamelled surface are susceptible to corrosion, which occurs when the enamel is deformed or damaged.

Galvanized structures have a long service life, but are prone to contamination water source zinc oxide.

Asbestos cement casing pipes

Due to its low cost and resistance to the aggressive effects of salts and chemical elements, asbestos cement products have long been used for the arrangement of various hydraulic structures.

The main advantages of the material include:

• Resistance to corrosion.
• Affordable cost.
• Safety and practicality of use.
• Long service life - up to 65 years.

Despite a number of advantages, asbestos-cement casing has significant disadvantages:

• The complexity of the installation work– the need to use expensive lifting equipment.
• Increased brittleness of the material.
• No threaded connection. Fixation of individual elements is carried out end-to-end, which does not guarantee complete sealing of the structure.
• Difficult to maintain and clean. High porosity concrete base leads to a rapid accumulation of contaminants in the walls of the column. Regular cleaning of the surface requires complete drainage of the well.

Important! Asbestos cement is not used for arranging an artesian well in limestone soil.

Casing pipes made of plastic

Plastic pipes for the well have seriously competed with traditional steel and concrete structures. They are made of PVC, polypropylene and HD polyethylene.

Plastic pipe has the following advantages:

• Long material life.
• Resistance to negative impact salts and chemicals.
• Resistance to corrosion.
• Simple and affordable installation that you can do yourself.
• High tightness of the structure due to the threaded connection.
• Lightweight elements.
• Affordable material price.

In plastic products, drinking water does not change its chemical composition; in addition, pathogenic microorganisms do not develop in it.

Important! Casing is used when arranging wells in sandy soils, the depth of which does not exceed 55 meters. In addition, such structures are suitable for the construction of filter columns.

Among the shortcomings can be identified susceptibility to damage, deformation and low temperature conditions.

Casing Pipe Diameter Calculation

The productivity of the well depends on the correctly selected pipe diameter. How larger size casing, the higher the flow rate of the water source. For this, the water consumption at peak loads is determined. According to the standards, the water consumption for 1 hour is 0.7 cubic meters. m., while it can be used for domestic and economic needs.

When determining the appropriate casing diameter, the type, size and performance of the pumping equipment is taken into account.

For example, the peak flow is 4 cubic meters per unit of time. With a similar value, it is recommended to use equipment with a diameter of up to 8 cm.

5 mm (distance from the pump to the casing walls) and 5 mm (casing wall thickness) are added to the diameter of the pumping equipment. The following formula is used to determine the inner diameter of pipes:

D (int.) \u003d d (sat.) + 10 mm, where

D (int.) - the value of the inner diameter of the casing;

D (sat.) - the value of the diameter of the pumping equipment.

For example: for a 90 mm pump, the inner diameter value is 90 + 10 = 100 mm. Given the wall thickness (5 mm), the calculated value of the pipe diameter is: 100 + 5 × 2 = 110 mm.

The casing elements correspond to the following standard sizes (mm): 89, 108, 114, 127, 133.

Well casing device

The casing string for hydraulic structures has a special structure, consisting of the following elements:

1. The initial filter for purification of drinking water from clay and sand elements. For the manufacture of used stainless steel mesh or wire.
2. Gravel bottom filter to protect the intake point from groundwater and pollution from the lower layers.
3. Sealed cap to protect the well from the adverse effects of external factors.

Huge range of pipe products presented on construction market, allows you to choose a high-quality, reliable and durable material that will ensure a long service life of a hydraulic structure.

When planning to drill a well in your area, you need to study in advance its structure, types, principle of operation and many other features in order to avoid in the future possible problems and unreasonable costs during construction and operation. One of the main issues that require close attention is what materials to use, and in particular whether plastic pipes are suitable for a well as a casing or production string.

What you need to know to choose a pipe

This information is very important, since it can be used to draw a conclusion about what load the walls of the casing pipe will experience during its immersion and subsequent operation.

Characteristics and scope of plastic pipes

After analyzing the available information, you can proceed to the selection of pipes. Let's see in what cases application is possible.

Types of casing and production pipes made of plastic

The following types of plastic pipes are used to create wells:

• From HDPE– polyethylene low pressure;

• From PP- polypropylene;
• H PVC pipes for wells– made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.

All of them began to be used relatively recently, so there is no actual data on their service life yet. But the absolute non-susceptibility of plastic to corrosion suggests that it is no less than that of steel pipes, the service life of which is at least 50 years.

Note. As casing pipes for wells, only pressure pipes should be chosen, regardless of the material of their manufacture. Non-pressure, that is, not designed for high external soil pressure, can be used for the construction of an internal production string.

In what cases is the use of plastic pipes justified?

Plastic pipes as casing cannot be used for wells with a depth of more than 60 meters, as well as for water intakes located in moving and complex soils. Their strength is not enough for such loads, but they can serve as a production string in a well of any depth with a steel casing.

In principle, all the types of products listed above can be used for these purposes, but PVC-U pipes are the most attractive in terms of strength / cost. Most often, plastic pipes are used for the construction of sand wells, since the life of such water intakes is not very long, and “burying” an expensive steel column into the ground, calculated for several decades, is an unjustified waste.

Another application is the Abyssinian well made of plastic pipes. But with its device, the column is not driven into the ground, but installed in a pre-drilled hole so as not to violate the integrity of the pipe.

Advice. When choosing the type of pipe connection for increasing their length, give preference to threaded ones - it is the most reliable. Welding and installation in a socket do not provide adequate strength and tightness of the joints.

Disadvantages and advantages

There are few drawbacks to such pipes, but they are significant. This is less than steel strength and insufficient resistance to mechanical stress. That does not allow using them in deep water intakes with significant soil pressure on the walls.

However, if we compare them with the same steel or asbestos-cement pipes, it is impossible not to notice the obvious advantages, which include:

• Absolute resistance to corrosion and aggressive environments;
• Resistance to chemicals, which are used in the treatment of wells for their regeneration and disinfection;
• The durability resulting from the properties listed above, which can be more than 50 years - the service life of steel pipes;
• High tightness of connections, which guarantees cleanliness, not polluted by soil particles and sewage;
• Light weight, the ability to transport pipes to the site at lower cost and install them with your own hands without the help of special equipment;
• Ease of installation, especially when threaded;

• Low cost of both the products themselves and their installation.

Such performance characteristics of plastic pipes are very attractive to consumers, so they are becoming increasingly popular with people who decide to organize their own autonomous water supply system. country house or cottages.

How to install casing pipes in a well

The casing of the well with plastic pipes is carried out after the drilling of the structure is completed.

• The diameter of such a pipe should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the well.
• All connections, if the well is quite deep, are carried out on the surface of the soil, and not inside the structure.
• Checking such connections can be carried out using a hose and a powerful pressure of water directed into the inside of the connected products.
• The pump to be used in the well must also have a smaller diameter than the pipe. This will allow you to freely lower and raise the equipment if necessary.

Work process:

• Initially, the well is drilled with large-sized equipment.
• The depth of such drilling should reach 5 m.
• After that, you need to take a smaller drill and continue work.
• The next depth will be water on sand.

Note. If a deeper well is required, then drilling with a large drill should be carried out up to a distance of 1-1.5 m from the aquifer.

• As soon as water appears, then hermetically interconnected are inserted into the structure.

Advice. Well drilling should be smooth. Otherwise, the pipes, which are then inserted into the structure, may break. As a result, the well will crumble.

• After installing the pipes, the pumping equipment is adjusted.
• It is installed at a certain distance from the bottom of the structure.

Conclusion

If the aquifer in your area is shallow, and the soil is stable rocks that are not subject to movement, plastic pipes will be the best choice for a water well. The video in this article will be an informative addition to all of the above and will help you make the most correct and economically sound decision.

When choosing a contractor for drilling a well, the customer faces a difficult situation. Firms usually offer casing pipes different types, and each version of the pipe is quite reasonably declared the best for your case. In such a situation, each customer needs to understand the obvious thing that if a drilling company specializes in any one type of casing, then they will actively advertise their merits. But you need to choose what the well will be cased with based on a wide list of your requirements for the water supply system, and not just from a few pipe characteristics.

How to choose the right casing pipe?

First, let's clarify what a well is and what role the casing plays in it. A well is a working, a cylindrical channel made by a drilling tool in the ground, while the diameter of the well is always much less than its depth. For organization autonomous water supply vertical wells are drilled with a depth of several meters to several hundred meters. So that the walls of the working do not collapse and polluted water from the surface and from the intermediate layers does not get into the water intake area to the pump, and from there to your taps, the well is necessarily strengthened (cased) with pipes along its entire length.

The casing string, made up of several pipes, completely separates the soil walls of the well from the water coming from the aquifer. Depending on the design of the well, plastic pipes can be installed inside the casing string - the so-called production string, through which water rises to the pump. Without additional plastic pipes, the role of the production string is played by the casing pipes.

Well casing pipes

Well casing pipes are divided into three main types - steel, plastic and asbestos-cement. Each type may have variants. Steel pipes - stainless steel, black steel, galvanized and enameled steel. Plastic pipes - HDPE (low pressure polyethylene), nPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene).

The ongoing debate about the superiority of one type of pipe over all others hardly makes sense. Each pipe, be it strong 20 steel or relatively soft HDPE plastic, is suitable for use in specific conditions, taking into account the depth and diameter of the well, soil parameters, duration and seasonality of use, etc. Choosing the best casing pipe for you is complicated not only by popular stereotypes and legends (both laudatory and negative) about quality and reliability various materials, but also by the obvious desire of the contractor company to get a benefit to a greater extent than to ensure the maximum quality and reliability of the casing.

The first step in choosing a casing is to determine the type (sand or limestone) and depth of the aquifer. Absolutely accurate maps that will predict the depth of the well in your area with an accuracy of up to a meter do not exist. But an approximate figure can be obtained from neighbors who have already drilled, or from a drilling company according to the summary tables of previous drilling in the area. Having learned the possible depth of the future well, it is desirable to find out the characteristics of the geological layers that will have to be drilled, the presence of quicksand and intermediate aquifers.

casing requirements

Autonomous water supply of a country house is done for many years. Therefore, casing pipes must provide some very important conditions: integrity of the wellbore during movements and ground pressure, tightness of the casing string, absence of negative impact to the water.

It is obvious even to a non-specialist that a steel casing pipe meets all of the above requirements. Why is there a debate about choosing the best pipe? The reason for the disputes is only one - the price. Steel will always be more expensive than other casing materials. Therefore, in order to attract customers, drilling companies offer various cheaper options - pipes made of plastic, asbestos cement, thin galvanized or enameled metal, etc.

The main argument for choosing a non-steel pipe is the considerations of economy. Sensible economy is needed, but one must be realistic about the capabilities of non-metallic materials when working in difficult conditions deep underground, otherwise one can make a mistake and save on the reliability and longevity of the well.

Steel casing pipe: time-tested!

Wells are cased with steel pipes for a very long time - decades. Since then, the pipes have withstood all possible tests in shallow and very deep wells, in soils of all types, proving their reliability. Soil movements, external pressure of rock and individual stones are not terrible for a steel pipe. The service life of a steel black pipe is 40-50 years. This period is determined by the rate of corrosion of the walls - 0.1 mm per year. At the same time, a small amount of rust that gets into the water is not critical, especially if the water is regularly used.

classic casing - steel 20, service life - 40-50 years

It is appropriate to recall here that black steel pipes are also used in the city water supply network. Iron in artesian water comes from limestone or another rock! If it were otherwise, then none of the wells lined with plastic or asbestos cement would have an iron-removing filter.

The strength of steel pipes allows you to safely carry out any work on the repair or cleaning of wells. The high cost of steel pipes allows casing of shallow sand wells with strong thick-walled plastic. But for an artesian well, there is no alternative to a steel pipe. Great depth of aquiferous limestone and long terms well applications require the use of the most reliable casing materials.

Steel Casing Options

Stainless steel pipe - the complete absence of corrosion is added to all the advantages of a black steel pipe, but, unfortunately, a very high price. A stainless casing pipe will not give a radical improvement in water quality. As we have already said, almost all rust enters the water from the water-bearing rock. It is known that black steel allows the well to work for several decades. Is it worth it to overpay and extend this period? During this time, something can happen to the aquifer itself or living conditions on the site.

Galvanized steel pipe - in addition to harm to health from zinc compounds entering the water, the life of the well is reduced. The fact is that galvanizing is designed to reduce the corrosion rate of thin-walled steel pipes. The wall thickness of a galvanized pipe is 2.5-3 mm, for an ordinary black steel pipe - against 4.0-4.5 mm. In the process of casing, scratches and chips inevitably appear on zinc coated, which become the starting point for corrosion. The threads on the ends of the pipes also do not have a zinc coating.

Enamelled steel pipe is an extremely brittle coating, it is almost impossible to avoid casing damage. The pipe is also thinner than ordinary steel, the places where the enamel is chipped will be the starting points for corrosion.

Asbestos-cement casing pipes

Opponents of asbestos-containing materials and their advocates have not yet agreed whether asbestos-cement pipes are harmful to health or not. These pipes are very cheap, corrosion resistant, chemically neutral, but rather brittle. Due to the fragility, the wall thickness has to be increased, which increases the weight of the product and the diameter of the well during drilling.

The fragility of asbestos-cement pipes complicates their delivery, does not allow them to be used in unstable soils and to carry out some types of work on cleaning and repairing the well. Couplings have to be used to tightly connect the joints, which complicates the design and reduces reliability. The maximum depth of casing with asbestos-cement pipe is not more than 100 m.

Plastic casing pipes

Plastic pipes have been used for well casing not so long ago and there are no complete statistics on their reliability yet. The material for plastic pipes can be: HDPE (low pressure polyethylene), nPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene). The advantages of plastic pipes are many: low price, light weight, facilitating transportation and installation, tightness of the connection. Plastic, without a doubt, is the most corrosion-resistant and chemically inert material that is safe for humans. Main disadvantage plastic pipes - low mechanical strength.

In summary: plastic pipes are suitable for use as a production string inside a steel casing pipe, or as a casing pipe at depths up to 50 m in solid soils. HDPE pipe is more often used as a production string, thick-walled PVC-U pipe is used as a casing pipe. We remind you that not a single plastic pipe, even the thickest-walled one, can withstand the loads that a steel pipe can easily withstand.

Reliable casing connection

What type of casing connection is the most reliable? The requirements are very strict: it is necessary to ensure not only the structural integrity of the casing, but also the tightness of each joint. Even a small hole can cause a decrease in water quality and, over time, failure of the pump and the entire well. The length of steel casing pipes ranges from 2.5 to 12 m. suburban water supply pipes with a length of about 5 m are mainly used. There are three main options for connecting pipes: threaded, welding, socket. For asbestos-cement pipes, there is only one connection option - a coupling.

Threaded connection - is the most reliable. The threads of the mating parts of the pipes fit tightly to each other, providing a strong mechanical connection and a high level of sealing.

Welding connection - may be leaky due to a poor quality seam. The weld itself is more prone to corrosion than the rest of the pipe. As a result, the service life of the entire casing is reduced.

Socket connection - it is impossible to control the state of each joint. The pipes are held together only by their own weight, there is no rigid mechanical fixation, which reduces the tightness of the entire casing string. There is no protection against lateral movement and, especially, against vertical drawdowns.

What type of pipe connection to choose for the casing? Threaded pipes are slightly more expensive, but they are quicker and easier to install than welded pipes. The strength, tightness and durability of the threaded connection is recognized as the highest.

An autonomous water supply system is the choice of many owners of private houses. Such a solution becomes especially relevant when, in principle, there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized line. The device of a modern long-lived well is quite complex. One of the main elements of the system is pipes, the choice of which will require a thorough approach. What exactly to pay attention to, you will learn in this article.

To reach a layer of water in the soil, a rather laborious work is carried out - drilling wells. The main condition for this process is the protection of the walls of the well from destruction and the safety of the water as clean as possible. To achieve these goals, pipes are used, each of which performs its task.

According to the purpose of the pipe for the well are:

• casing - protect walls from collapse;
• operational - prevent water pollution.

Important! In order to save Money consumers, modern manufacturers began to produce pipes that perform two tasks at the same time. Therefore, it has become even easier to buy pipes for a well.

Well casing pipes - installation technology

The installation of casing pipes is a rather laborious process that requires the involvement of special equipment. Installation is carried out as follows:

Important! The dimensions of the casing pipe are selected in accordance with the diameter and size of the well, which will directly affect the cost of the drilling project. Watch an informative video, which shows the entire process of drilling a well sequentially, step by step.

Well pipe selection criteria

Well drilling is carried out individually for each situation. Before making the final choice and deciding which pipe for the well fit better only in the conditions of your project, please note next row factors:

Important! As you know, the structure of the soil in different areas is not identical and has mobility. Therefore, be sure to decide in advance from which layer of soil you will extract water - the price of the pipe for the well will also depend on this. To determine the condition of the soil and the level of occurrence groundwater, check this information with the nearest neighbors in the area who have already encountered this problem or involve specialized specialists to conduct engineering and geological surveys.

Pipes for wells - materials

Market building materials literally overflowing with a different assortment of pipes. Many options are suitable for decoration autonomous systems water intake. For example, to make pipes for wells, manufacturers use the following materials:

Important! Each pipe made of these materials has its own purpose and features, so it is unlikely that you will be able to choose a universal option. For example, a pipe for a well pump will be of one type, and a pipe for casing will be of another type. But in principle, it is easy to find a combination that is affordable if you correctly coordinate all the details of the project in advance and listen to the opinion of specialists.

Types and advantages of metal pipes

Metal pipes for wells are presented in several versions and are in constant demand among consumers. A steel pipe has earned positive feedback due to a number of advantages, including:

• high rate of design reliability;
• durability - at least 50 years;
• easy to clean;
• keeps water clean;
• the ability to withstand heavy loads, given the insignificant thickness of the pipe walls - only 6 mm;
• resistance to mechanical damage.

Important! Steel pipes are ideal for a well pump.

In addition to pipes made of ordinary steel, the following varieties are on the market:

Among the significant disadvantages of metal products, the following factors are noted:

• steel structures are quite expensive;
• with prolonged contact of galvanized material with water, there is a possibility of water contamination with zinc oxide, which is unsafe for health;
• installation of enameled pipes without chips is almost impossible, during which the elements quickly corrode;
• some time after the installation of pipes from of stainless steel rust particles can be found in the water.

Important! To eliminate almost all of the above problems, professionals recommend installing household filter for water during the direct assembly of the design of equipment for water intake.

Features of the use of asbestos-cement pipes

Asbestos cement pipes are a material that has long proven itself with the best side in the construction industry. They could have forced out such metal structures from the market for a long time, if not for one drawback - the fragility of the material.

Among positive characteristics asbestos-cement material is distinguished by the following:

• low cost;
• resistance to corrosion;
• unlimited service life;
• chemical neutrality of the material.

Important! To ensure structural strength, the walls of asbestos-cement structures are made thick enough, that is, the diameter of the pipe for this type of well will be larger than from other materials. Therefore, a well intended for laying such pipes is drilled taking into account this feature.

Pros and cons of plastic pipes

• PP - pipes made of polypropylene;
• UPVC - pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride;
• HDPE - low pressure pipes made of polyethylene.

Important! When buying pipes, make sure that their purpose is for drinking water.

Plastic pipes have a number of excellent performance characteristics, among which the undeniable advantages are:

Important! A significant disadvantage of plastic pipes is a low strength indicator, based on the requirements for this parameter directly for drill wells. Therefore, PVC pipes for wells are often used when the drilling height does not exceed 60 meters. The main place of application of production plastic pipes is casing steel columns.

What is the best way to connect pipes when drilling a well?

If the well diameter is more than 10 cm and it is planned to install a submersible pump, then the casing pipe will consist of segments, the length of which is usually 3-12 meters.

Important! To understand which connection method to choose, remember that the main task of the casing is to maintain tightness.

There are 3 connection methods:

1. Threaded connection, including fittings. This method is considered the most expensive due to the high degree of reliability. To ensure good sealing, a well threaded pipe would be the most reasonable solution. But at the same time, keep in mind that when using fittings, the internal useful diameter of the well may decrease, which will also limit the choice of pump.
2. Welding connection method. A dubious way to design joints, since the tightness of the welds will directly depend on the work of the welder. Also take into account that the welds on metal pipes corrode, which significantly reduces the service life. It is considered more acceptable to use such technology for arranging pipelines in open areas in order to timely detect damage and stop it, preventing an emergency.
3. Socket pipe installation is a method of connecting pipes through sealing ring. This method is absolutely unreliable, since you will not be able to control the quality of the pipe installation, and there is also a possibility of subsidence during use.

Important! From the foregoing, it is easy to conclude in favor of the unique right technology connections when arranging a drill well - threaded connection of pipes.

Which type of pipes to choose: pressure or non-pressure?

To decide which type of pipes to prefer, first find out what they are:

1. Non-pressure pipes are pipes that are used in conditions without pressure.
2. Pressure is a material whose walls can withstand high external and internal pressure.

Important! To arrange casing columns, purchase only pressure pipes, since soil pressure on the internal walls of the structure is inevitable.

What pipe diameter to choose for the well?

The diameter of the casing pipe is calculated depending on the type of pump used. At the same time, if the water pumping horizon on the territory of the house has an increased dynamic and statistical level water, the pump in the casing pipe is suspended.

Important! Information on these indicators is better to be clarified in organizations engaged in drilling wells.

In order to understand how to correctly calculate, we suggest considering an option for a building where the water flow is approximately 3 m3 / hour. For these purposes, a pump with a diameter of 75 mm is suitable.

To calculate the pipe diameter, make the following calculations: 75 mm + 8 mm (pipe wall thickness) + 4 mm (gap between pipe and pump) = 87 mm.

Important! All casing pipes have standard sizes. The following standard casing diameter sizes are most suitable for the resulting figure:

For a pump with a diameter of 102 mm, the calculation is carried out by the same method: 102 + 8 + 4 \u003d 114 - this is a suitable pipe diameter, but it is better to choose with a margin - 127-133 mm.

Important! The best option steel pipes with an inside diameter of 10-15 cm are considered, as well as PVC pipes with a diameter of 75-140 mm. Such pipes are not removed from wells.

How to calculate water consumption?

Since the future water consumption directly affects the principles for choosing different components of a private engineering system, separately note the calculation rules. To calculate the water flow rate, take as an example the maximum flow rate with a fully open household tap - 0.7 m3 / h.

Let's say that water is consumed in the house at the same time:

• washing machine;
• faucet in the kitchen;
• faucet in the bathroom;
• watering the lawn in the yard.

Important! Peak water flow will be approximately 2.8 m3/h. At the same time, in two-story house the average water consumption will be 6-8 m3/hour.

Conclusion

The process of installing an autonomous water supply is a rather laborious, painstaking work that requires significant financial investments and time. Before deciding to drill a well, carefully read the installation rules, the characteristics of the surrounding area, the range and quality of materials suitable for your project.

Quality of the material: (Your assessment of the article?)

Plastic casing

Casing pipes made of plastic have gained wild popularity and are offered by any drilling company, we are no exception and also lower them into wells. Often, plastic is placed inside the steel casing, but some can only case the well with plastic pipes. Now we will leave a detailed review of plastic pipes, in which we will find out which well is better made of plastic or metal, share our experience, dispel some myths, and talk about the main differences between pipes.
We will also tell you why they began to use HDPE pipes in the well at all and whether this is a scam.

To begin with, let's decide what is better for a HDPE or PVC well. As PVC is known to be poisonous and release vinyl chloride, some countries have long abandoned its use. HDPE material is neutral and is widely used not only for water supply of a private house, but also in urban networks.

Casing pipe 125 mm

The main diameter of the HDPE pipe for wells, which, as a rule, is installed inside a steel 159 mm or 152 mm pipe, but sometimes they are used without a metal casing.
In the Moscow region, a 125 mm HDPE pipe with a wall thickness of 7.1 mm is very popular. If this 125 mm food grade blue pipe is placed without steel, then the 9 mm wall version is used.
we wrote everything about the construction of metal 159 + plastic 125 mm and why it is needed.
At the ends of the 125th pipe, a thread is cut, through which one pipe is connected to another.

Pros and cons of casing 125 plastic pipe:

• Cheap. Allows you to significantly reduce the cost of the well, compared with metal pipe.
• Any pump for a well 125 mm in diameter will do. Inner diameter this pipe is 111 mm, which means any inexpensive 4-inch borehole pump enter it without problems.

• It is impossible to case wells without steel to a great depth.

Casing pipe 117 mm

Due to the fact that steel is drilled with a thin 133 mm pipe, the wall thickness of which is 4.5 mm (or less), and the inner diameter is 124 mm, it became possible to install a 117 mm HDPE casing pipe into it, where it works as a production string.
You can find out why you need a well 133 mm + HDPE 117 mm.
This is a complete analogue of the 125 mm pipe described above, but slightly smaller. Its internal diameter is 102 mm (in practice 100-101 mm), which makes it possible to butt up a 4-inch pump and get problems trying to get it out of there when it breaks. That is why in HDPE 117 mm it is better to install a pump with a diameter of 3 inches or 3.5 inches.

Advantages and disadvantages of 117 mm HDPE pipes:

• Extremely cheap.
• A 4" pump can be installed.

• It is almost impossible to get a 4" pump out of the well. Outside, this pipe is beautiful and round, but inside there are sags and bumps. Plus, during operation, the pump can pull up micro-particles of sludge that will stand between the pump and the pipe. The joints of the pipes with each other are also not perfectly even, and even ultra-small protrusions will already be a problem if the pump is placed so tightly.
  Remember, most drillers just have to get done and go, and you have to get that pump out when it breaks. The cost of repairing a well can be a very unpleasant surprise.
  

Well pipe 110 mm

This size of plastic pipes is used in seamless 133 mm pipes or in reinforced seam pipes. Due to the greater wall thickness, the inner diameter of these 133 mm pipes is 123 mm, and due to technical features, it is impossible to drill into them under plastic 117 mm HDPE. Thus, we came to a pipe of even smaller diameter - 110 mm. The wall thickness of this pipe is 6.3 mm, but due to the small diameter, this is offset by increased rigidity.

Advantages and disadvantages of casing 110 mm HDPE pipes:

• Cheap.

• The inner diameter of a plastic 110 mm pipe for a well is about 97 mm, which means that you will have to install an expensive 3-inch pump, like Grundfos SQ. But if the well is small, then you can get by with more democratic Speroni or Chinese pumps.

Well without plastic pipe

It is possible to drill an artesian well without the use of plastic if there are pressure horizons. For example, if after drilling a well, water has risen into steel pipes, and the pump will also stand in a steel casing pipe. But even in this case, it is advisable to plant limestone because it is a kind of rock: it can become limp, it will begin to fill up the trunk ...
This is not such a big nuisance, but we want a hassle-free design.

In places where limestone is interlayered with clay, it is always necessary to plant limestone, because the clay will tint the water, and then completely tighten the well. In such cases, the area with clay is covered with a solid pipe, and perforations are made in the area of ​​the water carriers.

In general, there can be many designs of a water well, and they all depend on the geology of the area, where it is needed, and where it is not. So you can't choose how to do with or without plastic. Plastic is not a luxury, HDPE pipe is a necessity. If in your case you need to supply HDPE, but you refuse, then you will have to lower a more expensive steel pipe.

• Some drilling firms underestimate the price of a drilling meter, naming the cost without HDPE pipes. You order a well, and in the process of work it turns out that you cannot do without a plastic casing pipe and you need to pay extra. You either pay extra and are left without the saved 10,000 rubles, or the drillers take money for exploratory drilling and leave, and you are left without money and without a well.
  Self-respecting companies warn in advance about possible complexity geology and the need to use double casing.
  we wrote more about possible cheating by drillers.

Well casing with plastic pipes

So, the well is drilled and cased with a steel pipe to the limestone, the water is in the limestone and does not rise into the steel pipes. You cannot lower the downhole pump into bare limestone (because it will get stuck), so it is pre-lined with an HDPE pipe and then a pump is placed in this pipe.
Previously, metal pipes were used for limestone casing, but they are expensive, today the competition has gained rampant proportions and, in pursuit of the best price, everyone has switched to plastic pipes.

When casing limestone, it is customary to bring a plastic pipe several meters above the water so that it does not surface.

It is common for people to bring a plastic pipe under the top of the well. It does not make any sense, it is enough to bring the pipe 3-5 meters above the water and it will no longer emerge, the rest is a waste of money.

There is a widespread myth that if you bring a plastic pipe under the top, then this provides additional protection from groundwater in the event of through corrosion of a steel pipe. We have to disappoint you: this will not work in most cases. If a steel pipe rusts, then water will get into the annulus, from there into the limestone, and then into your house. If the steel rusts very strongly, then the plastic will squeeze with clays.

But sometimes they implement such a well design when a plastic pipe is not lowered to the bottom, but a kind of pocket is made in limestone, where the plastic will be covered with clays. This will protect the well from perched water even in the case of through corrosion of steel.
Some drilling organizations offer to put a packer in the well, which looks like a winding on a plastic pipe, it is designed to close the space between plastic and steel and ensure tightness. But while the pipe is lowered with winding into the well, this winding will loosen, break and there will be no sense from it. But the main thing is that no one will ever understand whether the packer is out of order or not, because the water will still be clean and transparent.
Meet more complex options packers, but this is additional money, additional time for their installation, and now all companies are on the path of extreme cost reduction and no one will do this for free.

And now the most popular: many drilling organizations say that by installing a plastic pipe, you will only drink water from it. They just throw this pipe down the well and it hangs out there. There is water in it, but there is also water between the plastic and steel pipes. It's not supposed to talk about it, you won't know it anyway. This is how most drillers work without proper experience.
Naturally, if the steel rusts, then the top water will be in your tap.

How to make a well only from a plastic pipe

Some offices practice well casing with plastic pipes without a steel column, they say, plastic is eternal, does not corrode and is environmentally friendly. Let's find out how justified it is to use only plastic in the well.

So, the strength of plastic is lower than steel, so you need to take a pipe with a wall of at least 9 mm. When using a standard wall of 7.1 mm, you are waiting for the collapse of the HDPE casing in the well.
This is experience verified information.

It is especially unpleasant if such a well is made by covens. Usually the scheme is as follows: they make a well, take the money and leave, then the pipe collapses, and it is no longer possible to get through to them. We see such cases from time to time.
Here is one of them:

Further, the difficulties with how to case a well with a plastic pipe. For example, a steel pipe can be rubbed into limestone and thereby isolate the annular space, steel can be twisted, knocked and everything will be fine with it. It won't work with plastic.
The plastic casing pipe just stands on the limestone and then as lucky. The limestone surface is not perfectly flat and there will be gaps between the limestone and the pipe. Even if you are lucky and everything works fine, then there are no guarantees that, after a while, the clay plug will not wash out under the casing shoe and dirty water will not flow.

The second moment in casing: plastic floats in water, and the well is casing when it is filled with drilling fluid, the density of which is even higher than water. Instead of standing up more tightly on the limestone, the plastic pipe is constantly rushing outward with great force. Therefore, they try to crush it with a load and wait until the pipe is covered with clay.

If you need to sit down and continue drilling in a plastic pipe, then you need to try very hard not to break this pipe. Sometimes a boulder can be caught behind the plastic, which will push the HDPE pipe inward and a hole will be rubbed there during drilling.
As you have noticed, the technology of casing with HDPE without steel is somewhat more complicated than with a conventional metal pipe, and drillers without steel are mostly beginners.

Drilling a well with plastic casing is promoted solely for the purpose of saving money, because the price of a HDPE pipe is lower than a steel one.

Which well is better made of plastic or metal

In the end, let's summarize, especially for those who are too lazy to read all the material, we will immediately decide which casing is better than HDPE or steel.
The plastic is good and keeps the cost of drilling down, it works great but if protected iron pipe. Steel pipe is also good, but it is installed before the limestone, and the limestone itself needs to be planted with plastic. In our area (in the south of the Moscow region) it is impossible to leave limestone without casing. So, perfect combination it's iron and plastic.
If there is no trust in HDPE, you can overpay and make metal and metal.