Wire supply does not work on FEB 12. How to make a semi-automatic inverter with your own hands

Landscape design and layout 17.06.2019

Landscape design and layout

Our technical data welding machine - semi-automatic:
Power supply voltage: 220 V
Power consumption: no more than 3 kva
Operating mode: re-short-term
Operating voltage regulation: Step 19 V to 26 V
Welding wire feed rate: 0-7 m / min
Wire diameter: 0.8 mm
The magnitude of the welding current: PV 40% - 160 A, PV 100% - 80 A
Welding current control limit: 30 A - 160 A

Since 2003, six such devices have been made since 2003. The device submitted further in the photo works since 2003 in the car service and never subjected to repair.

Appearance of welding semi-automatic

At all

Front view

Back view

View of the left

As a welding wire, the standard
5kg wire coil with a diameter of 0.8mm

Welding burner 180 And along with the euro
it was purchased at the welding equipment store.

Scheme and details of the welder

Due to the fact that the semi-automatic diagram was analyzed from such devices as PDG-125, PDG-160, PDG-201 and MIG-180, the schematic diagram differs from the circuit board, since the scheme was evaluated on the summer during the assembly process. Therefore, better adhere to mounting scheme. On the pCB All points and details are marked (open in the sprint and hover the mouse).

Mounting view

Control board

A single-phase automatic machine of type AE on 16A is applied as a power switch and protection. SA1 - Switch of welding modes of PKU-3-12-2037 type on 5 positions.

Resistors R3, R4 - PEV-25, but you can not put them (I do not stand). They are designed to quickly discharge the throttle capacitors.

Now according to condenser C7. In a pair with choke, it provides stabilization of burning and maintaining an arc. The minimum capacity of it should be at least 20,000 μF, the optimal 30000 Igf. There were several types of capacitors with smaller dimensions and a greater capacity, such as Capxon, Misuda, but they were not reliable, burned out.

As a result, Soviet capacitors were applied, which work to this day, K50-18 per 10000 μF x 50 in the amount of three pieces in the parallel.

Power thyristors for 200a are taken with a good stock. Can be put on 160 A, but they will work at the limit, it will be necessary to use good radiators and fans. The used B200 stand on a non-large aluminum plate.

Relay K1 type RP21 by 24V, variable resistor R10 wire type PPB.

When you click on the burner, the SB1 button fits a voltage to the control scheme. The relay K1 is triggered, thus through contacts K1-1, voltage is supplied to solenoid valve EM1 Supply of Acid, and K1-2 - on the engine power supply system, and K1-3 - on the opening of power thyristors.

The SA1 switch exhibit the operating voltage in the range from 19 to 26 volts (taking into account the additive 3 turns on the shoulder to 30 volts). The resistor R10 is regulated by the supply of welding wire, change the welding current from 30A to 160 A.

When setting, the R12 resistor is selected in such a way that when the engine is twisted, the engine still continued to rotate, and not stood.

When the SB1 button is released on the burner - the relay releases, the motor stops and thyristors are closed, the solenoid valve, due to the charge of the C2 capacitor, still continues to remain open with the acid in the welding zone.

When closing thyristors, the arc voltage disappears, but due to the choke and C7 capacitors, the voltage is removed smoothly, not allowing the welding wire to stick in the welding zone.

Motat welding transformer

We take the transformer OSM-1 (1kW), disassemble it, iron iron to the side, pre-placing it. We make a new frame of the coil of textolite 2 mm thick, (native frame is too weak). Cheek size 147 × 106mm. Size of the other parts: 2 pcs. 130 × 70mm and 2 pcs. 87 × 89mm. In the cheeks cut the window with a size of 87 × 51.5 mm.
Frame coil ready.
We are looking for a winding wire with a diameter of 1.8 mm, preferably in reinforced, fiberglass isolation. I took such a wire from the stator coils of the diesel generator). You can apply the usual enamal pipe of the PEV type, PEV, etc.

Fiberglass - in my opinion, the most best insulation It turns out

We start winding - primary.The primary contains 164 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 15 turns. Between the layers, we make insulation from fine fiberglass. The wire is as close as possible, otherwise it does not fit, but I usually have no problem with this. I took fiberglass from the remains of the same diesel generator. Everything, the primary is ready.

We continue to wind - seconds.We take an aluminum tire in a glass isolation with a size of 2.8 × 4.75 mm, (you can buy from the winders). It is necessary about 8 m, but it is better to have a small stock. We begin to wind, stacking as close as possible, winding 19 turns, then we make a loop under the M6 \u200b\u200bbolt, and again 19 turns, start and ends we make 30 cm for further installation.
Here small retreatPersonally, for welding large parts at such a voltage, the current was low, during operation, I rewound the secondary winding, adding 3 turns on the shoulder, and it turned out 22 + 22.
The winding climbs in bulk, so if you get used carefully, everything should turn out.
If you take the enamel on the first to take the enhancement, then I must impregnating varnish, I kept the coil in varnish for 6 hours.

We collect the transformer, we turn into a socket and measure the idle current of about 0.5 A, the voltage on the secondary from 19 to 26 volts. If everything is so, then the transformer can be put aside, it is no longer needed.

Instead of OSM-1, it is possible to take 4pcs-270 for a power transformer, though there are few other sizes there, and I did only 1 welding machine on it, I don't remember the data for winding, but this can be calculated.

We will wind choke

We take the OSM-0.4 transformer (400W), take the enamel with a diameter of at least 1.5 mm (I have 1.8). We wash 2 layers with insulation between layers, put the density. Next, we take the aluminum tire 2.8 × 4.75 mm. And we wash 24 turns, free tire ends are 30 cm. We collect a core with a gap of 1 mm (pave pieces of textolite).
The choke can also be winding on the hardware from the TC-270 color tube TV. Only one coil is put on it.

We have another transformer for powering the control circuit (I took it ready). It should produce 24 volts at a current of about 6a.

Corpus and mechanics

With trance figured out, proceed to the body. The drawings do not show the flashes of 20 mm. Corners weld, all iron is 1.5 mm. The base of the mechanism is made of stainless steel.

Motor M is applied from wiper VAZ-2101.
Removed Return Return to Extreme.

In the jams for creating a brake force, a spring is applied, the first one that fell at hand. The brake effect increases the squeezing of the spring (i.e., twisting the nut).

The reliability of modern semiautomes often conjures the regulator of supplying the wire of the welding semiautoma wire diagram is not always reliable and mechanical

part also often give failures.

The fault of this node leads to significant failures in working with semi-automatic, loss of working time and hassle with the replacement of welding wire. The wire at the outlet of the tip is grabbed, you have to remove the tip and clean the contact part for the wire. The fault is observed in any diameter of the welding wire used. Either a large feed may occur when the wire when pressed on the switch key goes large portions.

Faults are often caused by the most mechanical part of the wire feed regulator. Schematically, the mechanism consists of a pressure roller with a regulated degree of climbing wire, feeding a roller with two grooves for wire 0.8 and 1.0 mm. The regulator mounted a solenoid that is responsible for overlapping the gas supply with a delay of 2 seconds.

The feed regulator itself is very massive and is often simply fixed on the front panel of semi-automatic 3-4 bolts, essentially hanging in the air. This leads to the skewers of the whole design and frequent failures in the work. Actually, "cured" this lack is quite simple, by setting a wire under the regulator, any stand, thereby fixing it in the working position.

In majority of factory manufacturers in most cases (independent of the manufacturer), carbon dioxide is supplied to the solenoid for a dubious thin hose in the form of a Cambrid, which is simply "distorted" from cold gas and then cracks. It also causes a stop of work and requires repair. Masters based on his experience advise to replace this supply hose, a car hose applied to supply brake fluid from a tank to the main brake cylinder. The hose is perfectly withstanding the pressure and will serve an unlimited time.

The industry produces semi-automatic welding currents of about 160 A. This is sufficient when working with automotive iron, which is quite thin - 0.8-1.0mm. If you have to weld, for example, elements of 4 mm steel, then this current is not enough and the provider of parts is not complete. Many wizards for these purposes acquire the inverter, which to a chop with a semi-automatic agent can produce up to 180a, which is quite enough for the guaranteed weld of parts.

Many are trying with their own hands, by experiments, eliminate these shortcomings and make the work of semi-automatic more stable. There are quite a lot of schemes and possible modifications of the mechanical part.

One of these proposals. This, modified and proven in the work, the regulator of supplying the wire of the welding semi-automatic wire of the circuit is proposed on an integral stabilizer 1428B. Thanks to the proposed scheme of operation of the wire feed regulator, the supply is delayed by 1-2 seconds after the gas valve is triggered and the maximum possible triggering is braked at the time of release of the power button.

The minus of the scheme is the decent power given to the transistor, warming up the cooling radiator in operation of up to 70 degrees. But all this plus reliable work as the most regulator of the feed rate of the wire and the entire semiautoma in general.

From this article, you will learn where inverter semi-automatic inverter is used for which welding processes, as well as its shortcomings and advantages.

For what is used diesel generators.

Three phase diesel generators

The most powerful diesel generators are always.

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Welding semi-automatic wire feed speed regulator

You can see a lot of welding semi-automatic semi-automatic and foreign production used in the repair of car bodies. If desired, you can save on the expenditures, collecting the welding semiautomatic in the garage conditions.

The welding machine includes a housing, at the bottom of which the power transformer of a single-phase or three-phase version is installed, the device for pulling the welding wire is set above.

The device includes a DC motor with a transmission mechanism for lowering revolutions, as a rule, an electric motor with a gearbox from the Wiper A / M UAZ or "Zhiguli" is used here. The steel wire with a copper coating with a feed drum passing through the rotating rollers enters the wire hose, on the outlet of the wire comes into contact with the grounded product, the arc arise welds the metal. For insulation, wire from air oxygen, welding occurs in an inert gas medium. An electromagnetic valve is installed to turn on the gas. When using the prototype of the factory semi-automatic agent, some disadvantages preventing the quality of welding: premature output from the overload of the output transistor of the circuit of the electric motor turnover circuit; The absence in a budget engine braking automaton on the stop command - the welding current when disabling disappears, and the engine continues to supply the wire for some time, it leads to a wire overrun, danger of injury, the need to remove excess wire with a special tool.

In the Laboratory "Automatics and Telemechanics" of the Irkutsk Regional Center, DTT developed more modern scheme The wire supply regulator, the fundamental difference of which from the factory - the presence of a braking scheme and a double switch of switching transistor for a start-up current with electronic protection.

Device characteristics:
1. Power supply 12-16 volts.
2. Motor power - up to 100 watts.
3. Braking time 0.2 sec.
4. Starting time 0.6 seconds.
5. Adjusting revolutions 80%.
6. Starting current up to 20 amps.

Part concept Wire supply regulator includes a current amplifier on a powerful field transistor. The stabilized circuit of the revolutions installation allows you to maintain power in the load regardless of the power supply voltage, overload protection reduces the tightness of the electric motor brushes when starting or jamming in the wire feed mechanism and the failure of the power transistor.

The voltage from the revolution regulator R3 through the limiting resistor R6 enters the valve of a powerful field transistor VT1. The power of the revolt controller is made of analog stabilizer DA1, through a current r2 resistor. To remove interference, possible from rotation, the R3 resistor slider, the C1 filter condenser is entered into the scheme.

The VT1 field transistor is equipped with protection chains: Resistor R9 is installed in the source circuit, the voltage drop on which is used to control the voltage on the transistor shutter using the DA2 comparator. With a critical current in the source circuit, the voltage through the R8 stroke resistor enters the control electrode 1 of the DA2 comparator, the circuit anod-cathode of the chip opens and reduces the voltage on the VT1 transistor shutter, the M1 electric motor turnover will automatically decrease.

To eliminate the triggering of protection against pulse currents arising from the sparking of the electric motor brushes, the C2 capacitor is introduced into the scheme.
The transistor of the VT1 transistor is connected to the wire feed electric motor with chains of reducing the collerator C3, C4, C5. The chain consisting of a VD2 diode with a loading resistor R7 eliminates the pulses of the back current of the electric motor.

The two-color LED HL2 allows you to control the state of the electric motor, with a green glow - rotation, with a red glow - braking.

The braking scheme is made on the electromagnetic relay K1. The capacitance of the C6 filter capacitor is chosen a small value - only to reduce the vibrations of the operating anchor K1, a large value will create inertia when braking the electric motor. Resistor R9 limits the current through the relay winding when increased voltage Power source.

The principle of the operation of the braking forces, without the use of the rotation reverse, is the load of the electric motor reverse current when the inertia is rotated, when the supply voltage is disconnected, on the constant resistor R8. Recovery mode - energy transfer back to the network allows a short time Stop motor. At full stop, the speed and reverse current will be installed in zero, this occurs almost instantly and depends on the value of the R11 resistor and C5 condenser. The second purpose of the C5 condenser is the elimination of burning contacts K1.1 relay K1. After supplying the power voltage on the control circuit of the regulator, the relay K1 will lock the circuit K1.1 of the power of the electric motor, stretching the welding wire will resume.

The power supply consists of a network transformer T1 voltage 12-15 volts and a current of 8-12 amps, the VD4 diode bridge is selected on a 2x-fold current. If there is a semi-automatic semi-automatic winding of the corresponding voltage on the welding transformer, the power is performed from it.

The wire feed regulator circuit is made on a single-sided fiberglass printed circuit board with a size of 136 * 40 mm, except for the transformer and motor, all parts are set with recommendations for a possible replacement. The field transistor is set to the radiator with dimensions of 100 * 50 * 20.

Field transistor Analog analogue IRFP250 with a current of 20-30 amps and voltage above 200 volts. Resistors like MLT 0.125, R9, R11, R12 - wire. Resistor R3, R5 Set the type SP-3 B. The type of relay K1 is indicated in the scheme or No. 711.3747-02 for current 70 amps and voltage 12 volts, they have the same dimensions and are applied in VAZ cars.

DA2 comparator, with a decrease in the stabilization of turns and protecting the transistor, can be removed from the circuit or replaced with Z156A stabilion. The Diode Bridge VD3 can be collected on Russian diodes of type D243-246, without radiators.

The DA2 comparator has a full analogue of the TL431 CLP of foreign production.
Em.1 inert gas supply electromagnetic valve - regular, 12 volt supply voltage.

Welding semi-automatic wire feed regulator setup Start from checking the supply voltage. The relay K1 when the voltage appears should be triggered by possessing the characteristic handling of the anchor.

In addition to the R3 speed regulator, the voltage on the closure of the field transistor VT1 to control the revolutions start to grow with a minimal position of the resistor R3, if this does not increase, adjust the R5 resistor - pre-engine resistor R3 to set to the lower position, during a smooth increase of the K5 resistor, engine Must gain minimal rev.

The scheme was tested by different types Electric motors, with close capacity, braking time mainly depends on the mass of the anchor, due to the inertia of the mass. The heating of the transistor and the diode bridge does not exceed 60 degrees Celsius.

The printed circuit board is fixed inside the welding semiautomic housing, the engine speed knob - R3 is displayed on the control panel along with the indicators. Inclusion of HL1 and two-color engine indicator HL2. Food on the diode bridge is served with a separate winding welding transformer 12-16 volts voltage. The inert gas supply valve can be connected to C6 condenser, it will also be turned on after the power supply voltage. Power supply of power networks and electric motor chains to perform a multi-core wire in vinyl insulation by cross section of 2.5-4 mm.

List of radio elements

Vladimir 02.22.2012 08:54 #

The scheme does not ensure the maintenance of stable engine speeds, regardless of the power in the load and voltage on the network. To solve this problem, it is not enough to stabilize the tension on the gate.
Current limitation in 25a, according to R9 raid, will not save anything. Even the resistor itself - 62.5 watts will be scattered on it. But not long ... There is no transistor and speech.
Chain R7, VD2 is meaningless.
There is no recovery mode in the scheme. Quote: "... lies in the load current of the electric motor when the inertia rotates ..." just Pearl.
What is characteristic, there is no photo of the assembled board ...

Grigory T. 25.02.2012 13:37 #

Message from Vladimir

Current limitation in 25a, according to R9 raid, will not save anything.

And how do you like the R8 stroke?
In the scheme, too many flashes to seriously discuss it.

Dmitry 26.02.2012 14:24 #

Yes, this scheme is complete crawled, I collected her a couple of months ago, only in vain a fee bred, there is nothing good in it. Assembled part of the regulator from BP on LM358 and KT825, and satisfied, turns are adjustable smoothly, and the power on small revolutions is sufficient, lack - it is necessary to remove heat from the transistor.

yuri 03/21/2012 17:32 #

Several days fought with the setting of this scheme. If the engine starts, the turnover is adjustable normally, but it is not enough to run on small revolutions, there is not enough sweeps, and if the change is unscrewed, then it is no longer adjusting the supply of the wire, but really just crap

Scheme of welding semiautomatica

You can see a variety of welding semi-automatic semi-automatic and foreign production used in the repair of car body. If desired, you can save on the expenditures, collecting the welding semiautomatic in the garage conditions.

Welding semi-automatic wire feed speed regulator

The welding machine includes a housing, at the bottom of which the power transformer of a single-phase or three-phase version is installed, the device for pulling the welding wire is located above.

The device includes a DC motor with a transmission mechanism for lowering the revolutions, as a rule, an electric motor with a gearbox from the Wiper A / M UAZ or "Zhiguli" is used here. Steel wire with a copper coating with a feed drum, passing through rotating rollers, enters the hose for the supply of wire, on the outlet of the wire comes into contact with the grounded product, the arc arise welds the metal. For insulation, wire from air oxygen, welding occurs in an inert gas medium. An electromagnetic valve is installed to turn on the gas. When using the prototype of the factory semi-automatic agent, some disadvantages that prevent quality welding are revealed. It is a premature output from the overload of the output transistor of the circuit of the electric motor turnover and the absence in the budget engine braking automaton by the stop command. The welding current when disabling disappears, and the engine continues to supply the wire for a while, which leads to the overruns of the wire, danger of injury, the need to remove excess wire with a special tool.

In the Laboratory "Automatics and Telemechanics" of the Irkutsk Regional TSDTT, a more modern scheme of a wire supply regulator has been developed, the fundamental difference of which from the factory-presence of the braking scheme and the double stock of the switching current transistor with electronic protection.

The provider of the wire feed regulator includes a current amplifier on a powerful field transistor. The stabilized circuit of the revolutions installation allows you to maintain power in the load regardless of the power supply voltage, overload protection reduces the tightness of the electric motor brushes when starting or jamming in the wire feed mechanism and failure of the power transistor.

The braking scheme allows you to almost instantly stop the rotation of the engine.

The supply voltage is used from a power or separate transformer with a power consumed not lower than the maximum power of the wire pulling the wire.

The diagram introduced LEDs indicating the supply voltage and operation of the electric motor.

Characteristics of the device:

supply voltage, in - 12. 16;
power of the electric motor, W - up to 100;
braking time, sec - 0.2;
starting time, sec - 0.6;
adjustment
revolutions,% - 80;
starting current, and - up to 20.

Step 1. Description of the welding semi-automatic regulator scheme

The electrical circuit device is shown in Fig. 1. The voltage from the revolution controller R3 through the restrictive resistor R6 enters the valve of a powerful field transistor VT1. The power of the revolt controller is made of analog stabilizer DA1, through a current r2 resistor. To remove interference, the R3 resistor slider is possible, the C1 filter capacitor is introduced into the scheme.
The HL1 LED indicates the status of the welding wire regulator circuit.

R3 resistor Sets the welding wire feed rate in place arc welding.

R5 rapid resistor allows you to choose optimal option Motor rotation controls depending on its power modification and power supply voltage.

VD1 diode in the voltage stabilizer circuit DA1 protects the chip from the breakdown with the incorrect polarity of the supply voltage.
The VT1 field transistor is equipped with protection chains: A resistor R9 is installed in the source circuit, the voltage drop on which is used to control the voltage on the transistor shutter, using the DA2 comparator. With a critical current in the source circuit, the voltage through the R8 stroke resistor enters the control electrode 1 of the DA2 comparator, the circuit anod-cathode of the chip opens and reduces the voltage on the VT1 transistor shutter, the M1 electric motor turnover will automatically decrease.

To eliminate the triggering of protection against pulsed currents arising from the spark of the electric motor brushes, the C2 capacitor is entered into the scheme.
The transistor of the transistor VT1 is connected to the wire feed electric motor with chains of reducing the sparking of the collector SZ, C4, C5. The chain consisting of a VD2 diode with a loading resistor R7 eliminates the pulses of the back current of the electric motor.

The two-color LED HL2 allows you to control the status of the electric motor: with a green glow - rotation, in a red glow - braking.

The braking scheme is made on the electromagnetic relay K1. The capacitance of the C6 filter capacitor is chosen a small value - only to reduce the vibrations of the anchor of the relay K1, a large value will create inertia when braking the electric motor. The R9 resistor limits the current through the relay winding with an increased voltage of the power supply.

The principle of braking forces, without the use of the rotation reverse, is the load of the electric motor reverse current when the inertia is rotated, when the supply voltage is disconnected, on a constant resistor R11. Recovery mode - energy transfer back to the network allows you to stop the motor in a short time. At a complete stop, the speed and reverse current are installed in zero, this occurs almost instantly and depends on the value of the R11 resistor and C5 condenser. The second purpose of the C5 condenser is the elimination of burning contacts K1.1 relay K1. After supplying the network voltage on the control circuit of the regulator, the relay K1 closes the circuit K1.1 of the power of the electric motor, the arm of the welding wire will resume.

The power supply consists of a network transformer T1 voltage 12. 15 V and current 8. 12 A, the diode bridge VD4 is selected for a two-time current. In the presence of a semi-automatic semi-automatic, the secondary winding of the corresponding voltage, the power is performed from it.

Step 2. Details of the welding semi-automatic regulator circuit

The wire supply control circuit is made on a single-sided fiberglass printed circuit board with a size of 136 * 40 mm (Fig. 2), except for the transformer and motor, all the details are set with recommendations for a possible replacement. The field transistor is set to the radiator with dimensions of 100 * 50 * 20 mm.

Field transistor Analog Analog IRFP250 with current 20. 30 A and voltage above 200 V. Resistors of type MLT 0.125; Resistors R9, R11, R12 - Wires. Resistors R3, R5 Install the type of SP-ZB. The type of relay K1 is indicated in the Scheme or No. 711.3747-02 for the current 70 A and the voltage of 12 V, the dimensions of them are the same and used in VAZ cars.

The DA2 comparator has a complete analogue of the TL431CLP of foreign production.

Electromagnetic inert gas supply valve Em.1 - standard, to supply voltage 12 V.

Step 3. Adjusting the welding semi-automatic regulator circuit

The adjustment of the welding semi-automatic wire wire regulator is started with the supply voltage check. The relay K1 when the voltage appears should be triggered by possessing the characteristic handling of the anchor.

Rapeling R3 revolutions Voltage on the VT1 field transistor shutter to control the turnover to grow with the minimum position of the R3 resistor; If this does not occur, the minimum turnover is adjusted by the R5 resistor - pre-engine resistor R3 to set to the lower position, with a smooth increase in the value of the resistor R5, the engine must dial minimal revs.

Overload protection is set by the R8 resistor during coincidence of the electric motor. When closing the field transistor, the DA2 comparator during overload the HL2 LED will go out. Resistor R12 at a power supply voltage 12. 13 V Scheme can be deleted.
The scheme is tested on different types of electric motors, with close power, the inhibition time mainly depends on the mass of the anchor, due to the inertia of the mass. Heating of the transistor and diode bridge does not exceed 60 ° C.

The printed circuit board is fixed inside the welding semiautomic housing, the engine speed controller - R3 is displayed on the control panel along with the indicators: turn on the HL1 and the two-color engine indicator HL2. Power supply to the diode bridge is supplied from a separate winding of the welding transformer with voltage 12. 16 V. The inert gas supply valve can be connected to the C6 condenser, it will also be turned on after the power voltage is supplied. Power supply of power networks and electric motor chains to perform a multi-core wire in vinyl insulation by cross section 2.5. 4 mm2.

Startup diagram of welding semiautoma

Characteristics of the welding semi-automatic:

supply voltage, B - 3 phases * 380;
primary phase current, a - 8. 12;
secondary stroke voltage, B - 36. 42;
idling current, a - 2. 3;
idling stress of the arc, in - 56;
welding current, a - 40. 120;
voltage regulation,% - ± 20;
duration of inclusion,% - 0.

The supply of wire into the welding zone in the welding semiautoma takes place using a mechanism consisting of two rotating rollers in opposite directions. To reduce revolutions, the electric motor is equipped with a gearbox. From the conditions of smooth adjustment of the wire feed rate, the rotational speed of the DC motor is additionally changed by the semiconductor regulator of the feed of the welding semi-automatic wire. Inert gas - argon is also supplied to the welding zone, to eliminate the effect on the process of air oxygen welding. The network nutrition of the welding semiautoma is made of single-phase or three-phase electrical power network, a three-phase transformer is applied in this design, the maintenance guidelines from a single-phase network is indicated in the article.

Three-phase power allows you to use a winding wire of a smaller cross section than when using a single-phase transformer. When operating, the transformer is less heated, the voltage ripples at the outlet of the rectifier bridge are reduced, the power line does not overload.

Step 1. Work of the Welding semi-automatic start layout

Switching the connection of the power transformer T2 to the power grid occurs with the Simistor keys VS1. VS3 (Fig. 3). The selection of simistors instead of a mechanical starter allows you to eliminate emergency situations when the contact breakdown and eliminates the sound from the "chlopings" of the magnetic system.
The SA1 switch allows you to turn off the welding transformer from the network during preventive work.

The use of simistors without radiators leads to their overheating and arbitrary inclusion of the welding semiautoma, so the simistors must be supplied with budget radiators 50 * 50 mm.

The welding semiautomatic is recommended to equip a fan with a 220 V power fan, connecting it - parallel to the network winding of the T1 transformer.
The three-phase T2 transformer can be used ready, to power 2. 2.5 kW or buy three transformers 220 * 36 V 600 VAs used to illuminate basements and metal-cutting machines, connect them according to the Star Star scheme. In the manufacture of a self-made transformer, the primary windings must have 240 turns of the PEV wire with a diameter of 1.5. 1.8 mm, with three taps after 20 turns from the end of the winding. Secondary windings are wound with a copper or aluminum bus section 8. 10 mm2, the number of PVZ wires - 30 turns.

Taps on the primary winding allow you to adjust the welding current depending on the voltage of the mains from 160 to 230 V.
The use of a single-phase welding transformer in the diagram allows you to apply an internal power grid used to feed home electric furnaces with an adjusting power up to 4.5 kW - the wire sustains the current to 25 A, there is a ground. The cross section of the primary and secondary winding of a single-phase welding transformer in comparison with three-phase design should be increased 2. 2.5 times. The presence of a separate grounding wire is required.

Additional adjustment of the welding current is made by changing the angle of delaying the inclusion of simistors. The use of welding semiautoma in garages and dumart sites Does not require special network filters to reduce pulse interference. When using a welding semiautoma in living conditions It should be equipped with a remote interference filter.

Smooth adjustment of the welding current is performed using the electronic unit on the flisman of the VT1 transistor when the SA2 "Start" button is adjusted to the R5 current resistor.

The connection of the T2 welding transformer to the power grid is performed by the SA2 button "Start" located on the welding wire hose. The electronic circuit through the optocouples opens the power simistors, and the voltage of the power grid enters the network windings of the welding transformer. After the voltage appears on the welding transformer, a separate wire supply unit turns on, an inert gas supply valve opens and the electrical arc is applied to the vehicle from the hose, the electric arc is formed, the welding process begins.

T1 transformer used to power electronic circuit Starting a welding transformer.

When the network voltage is applied to the symistor anodes through the automatic three-phase SA1 automatic machine, the T1 transformer of the electronic start circuit is connected to the line, the simistors at this time are in the closed state. The VD1 diode bridge straightened voltage of the secondary winding of the T1 transformer is stabilized by an analog stabilizer DA1, for stable operation of the control circuit.

Capacitors C2, SZ smoothed ripples straightened trigger power supply voltage. The inclusion of the simistors is performed using the VT1 key transistor and the Simistor Optopar U1.1. U1.3.

The transistor opens with a voltage of positive polarity from the analog stabilizer DA1 through the "Start" button. Using the low voltage button reduces the likelihood of operator damage high voltage Power networks, in case of disruption of wire insulation. The R5 current regulator is regulated by the welding current within 20 V. Resistor R6 does not reduce the voltage on the network windings of the welding transformer greater than 20 V, in which the level of interference in the power supply is sharply increasing due to the distortion of the sinusoids of the semistores.

Symistor optocouplers U1.1. U1.3 perform electroplating power grid from the electronic control circuit, allow simple method Adjust the angle of opening of the simistor: the greater the current in the Opt Apartment LED circuit, the lower the cut-off angle and the larger of the welding chain current.
The voltage to the control electrodes of the simistors comes from an anode chain through the Simistor of the Optocreter, the restrictive resistor and the diode bridge, synchronously with the voltage of the network phase. Resistors in the chains of LEDs, the optopar protect them from overload at maximum current. Measurements showed that when started at the maximum welding current, the voltage drop on the simistors did not exceed 2.5 V.

With a large scattering of the steepness of the inclusion of the simistors of their control circuit, it is useful to stupid-carry on the cathode through resistance 3. 5 com.
An additional winding is wound on one of the power transformer rods to power the wire supply unit with voltage alternating current 12 V, the voltage to which should come after the welding transformer is turned on.

The secondary chain of the welding transformer is connected to a three-phase direct current rectifier on VD3 diodes. VD8. Installation of powerful radiators is not required. Capacitor of the diode bridge with C5 capacitor Perform a copper bus section 7 * 3 mm. The throttle L1 is made on the hardware from the power transformer of the TC-270 tube TVs, the windings are previously deleted, and the winding of the cross section is not below the 2-fold secondary, before filling. Between the halves of transformer iron choke lay the gasket from the electrocarter.

Step 2. Installation of a welding semi-automatic starting scheme

The starting circuit (Fig. 3) is mounted on the circuit board (Fig. 4) in size 156 * 55 mm, except for the elements: VD3. VD8, T2, C5, SA1, R5, SA2 and L1. These elements are fixed on the housing of the welding semiautoma. The diagram does not contain indication elements, they enter the wire feed block: the inclusion indicator and the wire feed indicator.

The power chains are made with an isolated conduction with a cross section of 4. 6 mm2, welding - copper or aluminum bus, the rest - with a wire in vinyl insulation with a diameter of 2 mm.

The polarity of the holder connection should be selected, based on the welding conditions or surfacing when working with a metal thickness of 0.3. 0.8 mm.

Step 3. Adjusting the welding semi-automatic start layout

The setup of the starting circuit of the welding semiautoma starts from checking the voltage 5.5 V. When you press the "Start" button on the C5 condenser, the idling voltage should exceed 50 V DC, under load - at least 34 V.

At the cathodes of the simistors relative to zero, the voltage network should not be different than 2. 5V from voltage on the anode, otherwise replace the simistor or the control circuit optopar.

With low power supply voltage, switch the transformer to low voltage taps.

When setting up, follow safety.

Download printed circuit boards:

Source: Radio Chief 7 "2008

Pilot (yesterday, 01:32) wrote:

preference should be given to the engine with permanent magnetsSince he has a pronounced dependence of EMF from rotor revolutions.

I would even say not just pronounced, but a linear one.

If we rotate the engine with something outrend, as a generator, then some voltage will appear on its outputs. If we give the same tension on this engine, it will rotate around at the same speed as we rotated it. When rotating the engine, the anti-EDC, arising in anchor, is aimed at the emerging voltage and they are compensated.

In the real engine, with a load on the shaft, turns are reduced due to the voltage drop on the ohmic winding resistance, this resistance seems to be sequentially included between the power supply and the perfect engine. By the way, if you feed the DPT with constant magnets from the current source, then we get a stable moment on the shaft, it is also useful. Yes, that is the resistance of the windings of the same motor from janitors, very little and significantly less than the output resistance of a primitive source. With a good voltage stabilizer, they can be neglected. You can make a source with a negative output resistance, equal resistance The windings, so done, for example, in cassette tape recorders, stability will be better, but for our task it is IMHO, too much. As for feedback from the tachogenerator, this task is not so simple, as it seems at first glance.

Damn, some kind of stream of consciousness turned out, sorry.

And the scheme in the topic I do not inspire confidence.

# 17 pilot

Members.

339 messages

City: Cherkasy region. Talny

Wire supply stabilization - scheme

Practice is a good thing, but without theory she is useless. I will try simplifyingly explain why the engine with an increase in the load on the shaft, reduces turns? According to the laws of physics, in order for the engine to give a certain power, it should consume the same power from the power source, taking into account the engine efficiency. Since the load on the engine has a non-permanent character (bending the sleeve, sticking the wire and TP.) That this can be concluded that the supply voltage should be proportionally changed, depending on the load and stable rotor turnover. Stabilized voltage source, this conditions do not match. Based on the foregoing, I developed a shim-stabilizer of engine speed with a rigid reverse absolution, which corresponds to all these requirements. The scheme is quite simple, although a little complicated in the setting. You can see details here http: //www.chipmaker. __1 # Entry709142.

# 18 Dan_ko.

Members.

1447 messages

City Dnepropetrovsk

Wire supply stabilization - scheme

Pilot (today, 14:42) wrote:

from this we can make a conclusion that the supply voltage should be proportionally changed, depending on the load

I would have done such a conclusion.

Depending on the load, the current consumed by the motor changes. This is the case consumed power. Even if you make a full-fledged feedback from the tart, we are surprised to find that in the entire range of loads, when constant speedThe engine voltage will change very slightly.

I will not discuss your scheme, whatever the flood and flame.

What is a welding semi-automatic scheme?

Some think about not worth buying expensive welding plants when they can be collected with their own hands. At the same time, such installations may not work worse than factory and have sufficiently good qualitative indicators. In addition, when breaking such an unit there is an opportunity to easily eliminate the breakdown. But in order to collect such an appliance, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of work and composite elements of a semi-welder machine.

The device of the welding semiautoma.

Transformer semi-welder machine

First of all, it is necessary to determine the type of welding semi-automatic and its power. The power of the semi-automatic will be determined by the operation of the transformer. If a thread with a diameter of 0.8 mm will be used in the welding machine, the current flowing into them may be at the level of 160 amps. Having made some calculations, make a decision to make a transformer with a power of 3000 watts. After the power for the transformer is chosen, you should select it type. Best for such the device will suit The transformer with a toroidal core, to which windings will be sweeping.

If you use the most popular W-shaped core, the semi-automatic will become much harder that will be a minus for the welding machine as a whole, which will be able to constantly transfer to different objects. In order to make a transformer with a power of 3 kilowatta, you will need to wind the winding on the annular magnetic circuit. Initially, it is necessary to wind the primary winding, which begins with a voltage of 160 B with a pitch of 10 V and ends at 240 V. In this case, the wire must be a cross section of at least 5 square meters. mm.

After the winding winding is completed, it should be climbed over and second, but this time it is necessary to use a wire with a cross section of 20 sq. M. The voltage value on this winding will be in reading in 20 V. by such a creation, you can provide 6 current adjustment steps, one standard of standard transformer operation and two types of passive transformer operation.

Adjusting the half-welter machine

Semiautomatic welding with thyristor control.

To date, there are 2 types of current adjustment for the transformer: on the primary and secondary winding. The first is the current adjustment on the primary winding, is carried out with the help of a thyristor scheme, which often has many drawbacks. One of these is the periodic increase in the pulsation of the welding machine and the transition of the phases in such a thyristor scheme into the primary winding. Current adjustment on the secondary winding also has a number of shortcomings when using a thyristor scheme.

In order to eliminate them, you will have to use compensating materials that will make the assembly are much more expensive, and besides, the device will become much harder. After analyzing all these factors, it can be concluded that the current adjustment should be made on the primary winding, and the choice of the scheme that should be applied, remains for the creator. To ensure the necessary adjustment in the secondary winding, you need to install a smoothing choke, which will be combined with a capacitor of 50 MF capacitance. This installation should be done regardless of the scheme you use, which will ensure efficient and uninterrupted operation of the welding machine.

Adjusting the welding wire

Transformer circuit with primary and secondary winding.

As in many other welding machines, it is best to use latitude-pulse modulation with feedback regulation. What gives PWM? This type Modulations will allow to normalize the wire velocity, which will be configured and mounted depending on the friction, which is created by wire and planting the apparatus. It is worth choosing between a PWM regulator feeding, which can be carried out by separate winding or feed it from a separate transformer.

In the last option, it turns out a more expensive scheme, but this difference in the cost will be insignificant, but at the same time the device will slightly add in weight, which is a significant minus. Therefore, it is best to apply the first option. But if it is necessary to weld it extremely gently, on a small current, then, therefore, the voltage and current passing in the wire will be the same small. In case of large meaning Current winding should create an appropriate voltage value and transmit it to your regulator.

Thus, the additional winding can fully meet the needs of a potential user in the maximum current value. Familiarized with this theory, it can be concluded that the installation of an additional transformer is excess cost Money, and the necessary mode can always be supported by an additional winding.

Calculations of the driving wheel diameter for the welding wire feed mechanism

The scheme for calculating the welding transformer.

By practice, it was determined that the speed of the welding wire unwinding can reach the values \u200b\u200bfrom 70 centimeters to 11 meters per minute, with a wire diameter of 0.8 mm. The apparent value and the speed of rotation of the parts are unknown to us, therefore, calculations should be counted according to the available data on the speed of unwinding. To do this, it is best to make a small experiment, after executing which it is possible to determine the desired number of revolutions. Turn on the equipment to full power and calculate how the number of revolutions it is done in a minute.

To accurately catch the turn, secure the match or tape anchor to know where the circle ended and began. After your calculations are made, you can find out the radius on a familiar with the school formula: 2pir \u003d L, where the L-length of the circle, that is, if the device will make 10 revolutions, it is necessary to divide 11 meters by 10, and it turns out to be a 1.1 meter unwinding. This will be a long unwinding. R is an anchor radius, and it is necessary to calculate it. The number "PI" should be known from the school, its value is 3.14. Let us give an example. If we counted 200 revolutions, then by calculating the number L \u003d 5.5 cm determine. Next, we make the calculation R \u003d 5.5 / 3.14 * 2 \u003d 0.87 cm. So, the required radius will be 0.87 cm.

Functionality of a half-welder machine

Characteristics of welding transformers.

Best do it with minimum set functions such as:

The initial supply of carbon dioxide into the tube, which will first be filled with a tube with a gas and only then bring the spark.
After you have pressed, you should wait about 2 seconds, after which the wire feed automatically turns on.
Simultaneous shutdown of current with wire feed when you release the control button.
After all the above, it is necessary to stop the supply of gas with a delay of 2 seconds. This is done in order not to allow metal to oxidize after cooling.

In order to assemble the engine of the welding wire, you can apply a glass cleaner reducer from many domestic cars. At the same time, do not forget that the minimum amount of wire that should be pulled out per minute is 70 centimeters, and the maximum - 11 meters. These values \u200b\u200bmust be guided by choosing an anchor to wet the wire.

The gas supply valve is best to choose among the mechanisms of water supply all of the same domestic cars. But it is very important to ensure that this valve does not start leakage after spending after some time expiration, which is very dangerous. If you choose everything correctly and correctly, the device during normal operation will be able to serve about 3 years, and it will not be necessary to repair it many times, as it is quite reliable.

Semiautomatic welding: scheme

The welding semi-automatic diagram provides all functionality points and make a welding semiautomatic device very convenient in operation. In order to set the manual mode, the SB1 switch relay must be closed. After being pressed on the SA1 control button, the K2 switch is activated, which, using your K2.1 and K2.3 connections, will turn on the first and third key.

Next, the first key involves the supply of carbon dioxide, with the key K1.2 begins to include the power supply chains of the welding semiautoma, and K1.3 - completely turns off the engine brake. At the same time, during this process, the K3 relay begins to carry out the process of interaction with its contacts K3.1, which is turned off by the engine power supply circuit, and K3.2 extensions K5. K5 in the open state provides a delay in the operation of the device for two seconds, which must be selected using the R2 resistor. All data of the actions occur with the engine off, and only the gas is fed into the tube. After all this, the second capacitor with its pulse disables the second key, which serves to delay the supply of welding current. After that, the welding process itself begins. The reverse process for the release of SB1 is similar to the first, while the delay of 2 seconds is ensured to shut down the gas supply of the welding semiautoma.

Ensuring automatic welding semi-automatic mode

The diagram of the welding inverter device.

To begin with, you should read what the automatic mode is needed. For example, it is necessary to weld the rectangular layer of the metal alloy, while the work should be perfectly even and symmetrical. If you use manual mode, the plate on the edges will have seam with different thickness. This will cause additional difficulties, as it will be necessary to align it to the desired size.

If you use automatic mode, then the possibilities increase a little. To do this, you need to adjust the welding time and current strength, and then try your welding on any unnecessary object. After checking, you can make sure that the seam is suitable for welding design. After turning on the desired mode again and begin welding your metal sheet.

When you turn on the automatic mode, you will use the same SA1 button, which will carry out all processes like manual welding, with a non-compliance only, which will not be required to keep this button to work, and all inclusion will be provided with a C1R1 chain. On the full performance of this mode will be required from 1 to 10 seconds. Work this regime Very simple, for this you need to press the control button, after which the welding turns on.

After the time specified by the resistor R1 is passed, the welding machine itself turns off the flame itself.

You can see a lot of welding semi-automatic semi-automatic and foreign production used in the repair of car bodies.

If desired, you can save on the expenditures, collecting the welding semiautomatic in the garage conditions.

The welding machine includes a housing, at the bottom of which the power transformer of a single-phase or three-phase version is installed, the device for pulling the welding wire is set above.

In the Laboratory "Automation and Telemechanics" of the Irkutsk Regional DTT Center, a more modern scheme of a wire feed regulator has been developed, the fundamental difference of which from the factory - the presence of a braking scheme and a two-time switch of switching transistor with electronic protection.

Device characteristics:

2. Motor power - up to 100 watts.

3. Braking time 0.2 sec.

4. Starting time 0.6 seconds.

5. Adjusting revolutions 80%.

6. Starting current up to 20 amps.

The braking scheme allows you to almost instantly stop the rotation of the engine.

The supply voltage is used from a power or separate transformer with a power consumed not lower than the maximum power of the wire pulling the wire.

The diagram introduced LEDs indicating the supply voltage and operation of the electric motor.

The HL1 LED indicates the status of the welding wire regulator circuit.

The R3 resistor establishes the feed rate of the welding wire into the place of arc welding.

R5 rapid resistor allows you to select the optimal version of the engine speed control depending on its power modification and power supply voltage.

VD1 diode in the voltage stabilizer circuit DA1 protects the chip from the breakdown with the incorrect polarity of the supply voltage.

To eliminate the triggering of protection against pulse currents arising from the sparking of the electric motor brushes, the C2 capacitor is introduced into the scheme.

The transistor of the VT1 transistor is connected to the wire feed electric motor with chains of reducing the collerator C3, C4, C5. The chain consisting of a VD2 diode with a loading resistor R7 eliminates the pulses of the back current of the electric motor.

The two-color LED HL2 allows you to control the state of the electric motor, with a green glow - rotation, with a red glow - braking.

The braking scheme is made on the electromagnetic relay K1. The capacitance of the C6 filter capacitor is chosen a small value - only to reduce the vibrations of the operating anchor K1, a large value will create inertia when braking the electric motor. The R9 resistor limits the current through the relay winding with an increased voltage of the power supply.

The principle of the operation of the braking forces, without the use of the rotation reverse, is the load of the electric motor reverse current when the inertia is rotated, when the supply voltage is disconnected, on the constant resistor R8. Recovery mode - energy transfer back to the network allows you to stop the motor in a short time. At full stop, the speed and reverse current will be installed in zero, this occurs almost instantly and depends on the value of the R11 resistor and C5 condenser. The second purpose of the C5 condenser is the elimination of burning contacts K1.1 relay K1. After supplying the power voltage on the control circuit of the regulator, the relay K1 will lock the circuit K1.1 of the power of the electric motor, stretching the welding wire will resume.

The DA2 comparator has a full analogue of the TL431 CLP of foreign production.

Em.1 inert gas supply electromagnetic valve - regular, 12 volt supply voltage.

The scheme is tested on different types of electric motors, with close power, the inhibition time mainly depends on the mass of the anchor, due to the inertia of the mass. The heating of the transistor and the diode bridge does not exceed 60 degrees Celsius.

The printed circuit board is fixed inside the welding semi-automatic housing, the engine speed knob - R3 is displayed on the control panel along with the indicators: turn on the HL1 and the two-color engine performance indicator HL2. Food on the diode bridge is supplied with a separate winding of the welding transformer with a voltage of 12-16 volts. The inert gas supply valve can be connected to C6 condenser, it will also be turned on after the power supply voltage. Power supply of power networks and electric motor chains to perform a multi-core wire in vinyl insulation by cross section of 2.5-4 mm.

Welding semiautomatic is very convenient device For work at home and in small workshops. You can work with it in any conditions, no special preparation of the workplace is required, it is compacting almost as an ordinary inverter.

Unlike manual arc welding, high qualification of the welder is not required to work with it. Proper setting The welding semiautoma allows you to perform high-quality work and the welder of low qualifications.

Depending on the type of the weldable material, its thickness must correctly set the feed rate of the wire, protective gas. Then the welder needs to evenly lead the burner along the seam, and the high-quality weld will be obtained. All difficulty lies in proper selection Welding parameters for a specific material.

For high-quality adjustment of the welding semiautoma, an understanding of welding characteristics is required, it is also necessary to deal with the peculiarities of the semi-automatic.

Semiautomatic welding allows you to work with almost any metals and their alloys. They can weld colored and ferrous metals, low-carbon and alloyed steel, aluminum and coatings, capable of 0.5 mm thick, can cook even galvanized steel without damage to the coating.

This is achieved due to the fact that a flux, powder wire or protective gas can be supplied to the welding area, and the welding wire, and the feed occurs automatically, everything else is done as in manual arc welding.

The welding semiautomes are produced from different classes, but they all consist of:

control unit;
power source;
mechanism for supplying welding wire with a coil;
welding torch;
power cables.

In addition, there must be a cylinder with a gearbox and an inert gas (carbon dioxide, argon, or mixtures thereof), a flux funnel.

The wire feed mechanism consists of an electric motor, gearbox and feed or pulling rollers.

Before the production of work, it is necessary to securely ground the device for welding and only then start the setting. The welding semiautomatic device must be connected to a gas-blade system with protective gas.

It is necessary to check the presence of welding wire in the coil, if you need to recharge it and stretch to the burner handle. Gas feed rate has great importance in the process of welding.

Therefore, it also needs to be installed. Gas-ball equipment has gearboxes with gas flow rate in liters. It is very convenient, you just need to set the required consumption within 6-16 liters.

In the instruction manual on the device, recommendations are given, how to properly adjust the welding semi-automatic, which current to cook a specific metal, which speed is supplied.

The instructions must have special tables in which everything is painted. If you set all the parameters according to them, then everything should be done.

In practice, there may be difficulties. A lot of parameters affect the quality of welding semiautoma. If the supply network does not meet the standards, the power supply will extract the voltage and the current is not the one that the parameters will be unstable.

The temperature of the medium, the thickness of the metal, its appearance, the condition of the coiled surfaces, the seam type, the diameter of the wire, the volume of gas supply and many other factors affect the quality of the welding of the semi-automatic.

Current Setup and Wire Feed Speed

First of all, the power of the welding current is exhibited, which depends on the type of weldable material and the thickness of the blanks. This can be found out according to the instructions for a semiautomatic or found in the appropriate literature.

Then the wire feed speed is set. It can be adjusted stepwise or smoothly. During step adjustment it is not always possible to pick up optimal mode Work. If you have the ability to select the device, buy a welding semiautomatic device with a smooth adjustment of the wire feed speed.

In the control unit there must be a forward / back wire feed mode switch. When all settings in accordance with the instruction manual on the semiautomatic device are manufactured, you need to try working on a draft sample with the same parameters. This must be done because the recommendations are averaged, and in each individual case the conditions are unique.

For high speed The supply of the wire electrode simply will not be able to melt, there will be large casting or shifts on top, and with low it will burn, without melting the welded metal, the seam roller will be seamless, the recess or breaks will appear.

Adjusting parameters

Adjusting the value of current or voltage depends on the thickness of the blanks. The thicker to the product, the greater the welding current. In simple devices semi-automatic welding Adjustment of current strength is combined with a wire feed rate.

In professional semi-automatic adjustments separately. The correct setting can be determined only by the experimental way, making an experimental seam on the trial billet. The roller must be a normal form, an arc sustainable, without splashing.

Some semi-automatic models have inductance adjustment (arc settings). With a small inductance, the temperature of the arc drops, the depth of the mode of the metal decreases, the seam becomes convex.

This is used when welding thin metals and alloys sensitive to overheating. With a large inductance, the melting point grows, the welding bath becomes more liquid and deep. Roller seam becomes flat. Welding in this mode is used for thick blanks.

The welding wire feed speed switch in models capable of working with different diameters requires additional adjustment with regard to the specific wire thickness.

By putting optimal adjustments to welding the workpiece today, it may turn out that the next day they will become non-optimal because the quality of the network has changed or the position of the product on the desktop has changed.

That is, the setting of the modes the process is permanent and individual because it depends on the manner of the work of the welder itself.

Typical errors

An error in the welding semi-automatic settings indicates a distinct crack. Loud clicks report that the solder feed rate is small. It is necessary to increase the feed rate until the cod is lost.

Often there is a strong splashing of metal. This is due to the insufficient amount of insulating gas in the area of \u200b\u200bthe welding bath. It is necessary to increase the supply of gas, adjust the semi-automatic gearbox.

There are impairments or burn seam. This is due to too low or too high an arc voltage, is regulated by setting up a voltage or inductance.

The non-uniform width of the seam roller is associated with the speed of movement of the burner and its position relative to the seam, that is, is associated with the technique of the welder's work.

part also often give failures.