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Instruction The frames of the film merge for us into continuous movement due to ...
Functions of the artistic detail
A detail can perform important ideological and semantic functions and give an emotional load to the entire text. The functions of details can be psychological, plot and descriptive. Artistic detail is not only able to convey necessary information. With the help of a detail in a literary work, you can get the most vivid idea of the character, his appearance, psychological state, or the environment surrounding the hero.
Detail can also act as a means of figurative expression. For example:
The forest stood motionless, quiet in its dull pensiveness, just as sparse, half-naked, entirely coniferous. Only in some places were seen frail birch trees with rare yellow leaves". (V.P. Astafiev)
In this sentence, for example, epithets are an artistic detail, with the help of which a picture of an uncomfortable forest is drawn. The role of their use is to emphasize the frightened, tense state of the literary hero. Here, for example, what kind of Vasyutka in Astafiev's story sees nature when it realizes its loneliness.
"... Taiga... Taiga... Without end and edge, it stretched in all directions, silent, indifferent ...".
“From above, it seemed like a huge dark sea. The sky did not break off immediately, as it happens in the mountains, but stretched far, far away, closer and closer to the tops of the forest. The clouds overhead were rare, but the farther Vasyutka looked, the thicker they became, and finally the blue openings disappeared altogether. Clouds of pressed cotton wool lay on the taiga, and it dissolved in them.
The landscape indicates the boy's great inner anxiety, and also describes the cause of this anxiety. He sees a "silent" and "indifferent" taiga, similar to a dark sea, a low sky descending almost to the very forest. Combinations in the text of epithet and comparison (“compressed cotton wool”), personification and metaphor (“lay down”, “dissolved”), which is an artistic detail, help the reader to better imagine the heavy sky hanging over the dark taiga and at the same time conveys the idea that nature is indifferent to the fate of man. And here the function of the detail is semantic.
Consider another example of a detail from the text of the writer V.P. Astafyeva: “With a beating heart, he ran to the tree to feel the notch with drops of resin with his hand, but instead he found a rough fold of bark.” This descriptive and plot detail reinforces the drama of the situation in which the hero of the story finds himself.
Also, in the text of a work of art, there may be a sound descriptive detail or a metaphorical detail. For example, this is a description of a helpless fly stuck in the net of a web from the same work:
“An experienced hunter - a spider stretched a web over a dead bird. The spider is no longer there - it must have gone to spend the winter in some kind of hollow, and abandoned the trap. A well-fed, large spit fly caught in it and beats, beats, buzzes with weakening wings. Something began to disturb Vasyutka at the sight of a helpless fly stuck in a net. And then it seemed to hit him: why, he got lost!
For the same purpose, to convey the internal discomfort of his hero, the writer uses the method of internal monologue more than once in the text, and this is also a striking artistic detail. For example:
"F-fu-you, damn it! Where are the grips? - Vasyutka's heart sank, perspiration appeared on his forehead. - All this capercaillie! Rushed like a goblin, now think about where to go, - Vasyutka spoke aloud to drive away the approaching fear. - Nothing, I'll think about it and find a way. So-so ... The almost bare side of the spruce - it means that the north is in that direction, and where there are more branches - the south. Ta-ak ... ".
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - a recognized master short story. The ability to succinctly express thoughts, which has grown from a gymnasium hobby into a real serious work with the word, has become the main distinctive feature Russian classic.
Entering Literature as an Author short stories- "sketch", A.P. Chekhov in the 1880s actively collaborated with periodicals (mainly humorous magazines). Newspaper layout rules dictated certain restrictions on the number of characters. In the works that appeared on the pages of periodicals, the author was required to demonstrate the essence of artistic images in the most concise form.
In order to impartially, but at the same time clearly show life as it is, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov resorted to the use of various expressive and visual means. With their help, on just one or two pages of text, he was able to convey the diversity, and often the absurdity real world. The writer's favorite technique was the use of such an element as an artistic detail.
Artistic details of Chekhov in the story "Death of an official"
A detail in a work is one of the well-known ways to create an image of a character. For example, they were actively used by N.V. Gogol to characterize his heroes. This technique acquires special significance in works of a small volume, where there are no lengthy dialogues, and each word is carefully selected.
What is an art piece? This is an expressive detail, with the help of which the essence of a person, event or phenomenon is revealed. Most often, it is an object material world- it can be a thing, an item of clothing, furniture, housing, etc. Often facial expressions, gestures, manner of speech of the characters also become artistic details.
What is the role of artistic detail in Chekhov's prose? It is intended to give the reader a complete picture of the character. So, in the story “The Death of an Official” () with the main character, the “beautiful” clerical worker Ivan Dmitrievich Chervyakov, there was an embarrassment in the theater. The fact is that while watching the "Corneville Bells" he suddenly sneezed. The author emphasizes the commonness of the situation: they say, with whom it does not happen. To his misfortune, the official notices that he accidentally stained the bald head of the state general Brizzhalov sitting in front. And although he does not attach any importance to a random episode, Chervyakov's life from that moment turns into a nightmare. Fear of a high rank makes him offer his deepest apologies both during the performance, and during the intermission, and the next day, for which Chervyakov specially visits the general's reception room. But assurances that the apology is accepted, and what happened is a mere trifle, do not have the proper effect on him. Chervyakov is even going to write a letter to the general, but, on reflection, he decides to turn himself in again. With his servility, the official drives Brizzhalov into a frenzy, and he, in the end, kicks out the obsessive visitor. Tired of the mental anguish tormenting him, Chervyakov returns home and dies on his couch.
In fact, officials who were on the lower rungs of the career ladder often became the heroes of the works of A.P. Chekhov. This was due primarily to the fact that this class was an extremely inert mass, leading a rather meaningless - and therefore indicative - life.
In the story "The Death of an Official", a collision of two opposite worlds is noticeable. On the one hand, in the exposition, the author seems to set us up in a bohemian way: the hero came to the theater and enjoys the performance. On the other hand, an attentive reader is immediately alarmed by a strange detail: Chervyakov, sitting in the second row, is watching the opera through binoculars. This interweaving of high impulses with low impulses is again demonstrated in a phrase that gives a complete picture of the hero’s way of thinking: “Not my boss, someone else’s, but still it’s embarrassing.” That is, Chervyakov apologizes not so much in accordance with the rules of etiquette, but out of necessity dictated by his official position.
In the same vein, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov describes the wife of an office worker. In the story, her image appears in only three sentences. But isn’t the detail that the frightened wife calms down as soon as she realizes that Brizzhalov is a “foreign” boss not significant?
Moreover, the comparison of the general and the official in their attitude to life suggests the differences are much deeper than the inequality of social status. The narrowness and narrowness of Chervyakov's views contrast sharply with Brizzhalov's complacency. However, there is a paradox here. For all Chervyakov’s awareness of his low place on the hierarchical ladder, he, probably without realizing it himself, believes that the general certainly cares about his modest person: “I forgot, but I myself have malice in my eyes ...”, “He doesn’t want to talk!. Angry means…”, “General, but he can’t understand!..”.
Chervyakov's inability to understand his own thoughts, to listen to the voice of reason, not fear, excessive suspicion, outward insecurity and downtroddenness - all this speaks of the character's passivity, his habit of living according to orders. In his admiration for the mighty of this world, he can in no way go beyond the framework of the position that he himself has determined. Therefore, before an audience with General Chervyakov, he specially cuts his hair and puts on new form is another important feature.
He remains in the same resigned position even after death. In the last sentence of the story, Chekhov brings out the most revealing detail: “Arriving mechanically home, without taking off his uniform, he lay down on the sofa and ... died.” There is a bitter irony here: the hero, as he lived, “mechanically” and according to instructions from above, died without taking off his uniform. As you can see, the uniform is a symbol of irresistible servility generated by the bureaucratic environment.
The author also mentions that before his death, "something came off in Chervyakov's stomach." Not in the chest, but in the stomach - thus, the torment that the reader has witnessed can hardly be called spiritual. Therefore, the detail in the stories of A.P. Chekhov becomes an exhaustive means of shaping not only social, but also psychological portrait character.
Brief description of the early period of Chekhov's work
Chekhov is a master of artistic detail. The early period of his work is an example of concise presentation. Later, in a letter to his brother Alexander, he derived the famous formula: “Brevity is the sister of talent”, which can be called a hallmark of all his works. Avoiding a one-sided depiction of reality, Chekhov in his stories always intertwined the low with the high, and the comic with the dramatic. And in this he was especially helped by the use of artistic detail, since it set the reader in a certain way and made it possible to form a complete picture of the hero even within the framework of a short humorous story. Already in early works Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, there are tendencies that will later turn into plays and lead him to a number of recognized world classics.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!An expressive detail in a work that carries a significant semantic and ideological and emotional load. The detail is able to convey with the help of a small text volume maximum amount information, with the help of a detail in one or a few words, you can get the most vivid idea of the character (his appearance or psychology), interior, environment. Unlike a detail, which always acts with other details, making up a complete and plausible picture of the world, a detail is always independent. Among the writers who skillfully used the detail, one can name A. Chekhov and N. Gogol.
A. Chekhov in the story uses as a detail the mention of new galoshes and snacks on the table to show the absurdity of the suicide that took place: “On the floor, at the very legs of the table, lay motionless a long body, covered with white. In the weak light of the lamp, in addition to the white bedspread, new rubber galoshes were clearly visible.. And then it says suicidal “committed suicide in a strange way, behind a samovar, spreading snacks on the table”.
Figuratively speaking, every piece of gun must fire. The well-known literary critic Efim Dobin argues, using the example of the use of details by A. Chekhov, that the detail must undergo a rigorous selection and must be placed in the foreground. A. Chekhov himself advocated the minimization of details, but for the skillful use of a small number of details. When staging plays, A. Chekhov demanded that the details in the setting and clothing match the details in his works. K.G. Paustovsky in his short story "The Old Man in the Station Buffet" explains and reflects on the meaning of details (details) in prose. Chekhov said: "A thing does not live without a detail."
According to the compositional role, details can be divided into two main types: narrative details (indicating movement, a change in the picture, setting, character) and descriptive details (depicting, painting a picture, setting, character in this moment). A detail may appear in the text once, or it may be repeated to enhance the effect, depending on the author's intention. Details can relate to everyday life, landscape, portrait, interior, as well as gesture, subjective reaction, action and speech.
In different periods of the history of literature, the role of the detail changed: Homer used detailed everyday descriptions to reproduce a picture of reality, while the realists switched to a “talking” detail, one that served the specific purpose of a realistic depiction of a typical person in typical circumstances, while the modernists used illogical, contrasting, metaphorical details, which allowed them to further reduce the text without compromising the idea.
Literature
- Dobin E. Hero. Plot. Detail. - M.: Soviet writer, 1962
- Dobin E. Plot and reality. Art details. - L .: Soviet writer, 1981
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Meaning of ARTISTIC DETAILS in the Dictionary of Literary Terms
ARTISTIC DETAILS
- (from French detail - detail, trifle, particularity) - one of the means of creating an image: an element selected by the author artistic image, which carries a significant semantic and emotional load in the work. D. x. can reproduce the features of everyday life, environment, landscape, portrait (portrait detail), interior, action or state (psychological detail), hero's speech (speech detail), etc .; it is used to visualize and characterize the characters and their environment. The author's desire for detail is dictated, as a rule, by the task of achieving an exhaustive completeness of the image. Efficiency of use of D. x. is determined by how significant this detail is in aesthetic and semantic terms: especially significant from an artistic point of view, D. x. often becomes a motive or leitmotif of the text (for example, the too big nose of the hero of E. Rostand's play "Cyrano de Bergerac" or the iron arshin of the undertaker Yakov Ivanov in A.P. Chekhov's story "Rothschild's Violin"). Artistic detailing may be necessary or, conversely, redundant. In particular, in the description of the heroine of the story A.P. Chekhov "Ionych": "...Vera Iosifovna, a thin, pretty lady in pence-nez, wrote stories and novels and willingly read them aloud to her guests" - a detail of the portrait (pence-nez - men's glasses) emphasizes the author's ironic attitude to emancipation Vera Iosifovna, and the indication "aloud", redundant in relation to the combination "read to the guests", is a mockery of the "education and talent" of the heroine.
Dictionary of literary terms. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, word meanings and what is ARTISTIC DETAILS in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- DETAIL
(from French detail letters - detail), in technology - a product made without the use of assembly operations. A part is also called a product subjected to ... - DETAIL
[from French] 1) detail; part of a whole; trifle; composite part of some for mechanisms, machines (bolts, nuts, shafts, gears, chains and ... - DETAIL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
and, well. 1. Small detail, particularity. Important d. Refine the story with unnecessary details. Detailed - detailed, with all the details.||Compare. HATCH. … - DETAIL in encyclopedic dictionary:
, -i, f. I. Small detail, particularity. State with all the details. 2. Part of a mechanism, machine, device, and also some kind of general. … - ARTISTIC
ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES, one of the forms of Nar. creativity. Collectives X.s. originated in the USSR. All R. 20s the Tram movement was born (see ... - ARTISTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ART INDUSTRY, production of industries. methods decor.-applied thin. products serving for thin. home decoration (interior, clothing, Jewelry, crockery, carpets, furniture… - ARTISTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ART LITERATURE", state. publishing house, Moscow. Main in 1930 as State. publishing house literature, in 1934-63 Goslitizdat. Sobr. op., fav. prod. … - ARTISTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS, a sport, women's competition in performing combinations from gymnastics to the music. and dance. exercises with an object (ribbon, ball, ... - DETAIL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
DETAILS (from French detail, letters - detail) (technical), a product made without the use of assembly operations. D. naz. also products subjected to protective or ... - DETAIL in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
deta "le, deta" whether, deta "whether, deta" ley, deta "whether, deta" lam, deta "l, deta" whether, deta "lew, details" ly, details "whether, ... - DETAIL in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
[de], -i, f. 1) Small detail, particularity. State everything in detail. Bring the story to life with details. Clarify details military operation. Synonyms: circumstance ... - DETAIL in the Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary:
1. Syn: detail, particularity, part, share, subtlety, detail, thoroughness (strengthened) 2. ‘device, device, mechanism’ Syn: element, component, link, scheme, device, ... - DETAIL in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(French detail) 1) small detail, particularity; trifle; 2) part of a mechanism, machine, ... - DETAIL in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[fr. detail] 1. small detail, particularity; trifle; 2. part of a mechanism, machine, … - DETAIL in the Russian Thesaurus:
1. Syn: detail, particularity, part, share, subtlety, detail, thoroughness (strengthened) 2. ‘device, device, mechanism’ Syn: element, component, link, ... - DETAIL in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
cm. … - DETAIL in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
auto detail, accessory, amalaka, gaspis, detail, detail, clavus, crabb, trifle, microdetail, modulon, mulura, pentimento, detail, radio detail, glass detail, stensil, construction detail, subtlety, truck, … - DETAIL in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
well. 1) a) Small detail, particularity. b) Separate element, component(some kind of object, costume, structure, etc.). 2) Part of the mechanism, ... - DETAIL in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
detail, ... - DETAIL in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
detail... - DETAIL in the Spelling Dictionary:
detail, ... - DETAIL in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
! part of the mechanism, machines, devices Tractor parts. Clothing details. detail and also in general a part of any product Tractor parts. Clothing details. … - DETAIL in the Dahl Dictionary:
female or many details, in art, accessories, parts or details in decoration, little things, ... - DETAIL in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(from French detail, lit. - detail), in technology - a product made without the use of assembly operations. A part is also called a product subjected to ... - DETAIL in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
details, w. (French detail). 1. Small detail, particularity (book). Draw a house with all the details. The details of this case are unknown to me. 2. … - DETAIL in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
detail g. 1) a) Small detail, particularity. b) A separate element, an integral part (of some kind of object, costume, structure, etc.). 2) Part... - DETAIL in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
well. 1. Small detail, particularity. ott. A separate element, an integral part (of any object, costume, structure, etc.). 2. Part of a mechanism, machine, ... - DETAIL in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I Part of a mechanism, machine, instrument, etc. II well. 1. Small detail, particularity. 2. A separate element, an integral part (... - IN VICE - CHROME PIECE in Helpful Hints:
When clamping a metal part with a chrome or polished surface in a vise, use a plastic cover as a gasket to glass jars, which… - ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES
amateur performance, one of the forms of folk art. It includes the creation and performance of works of art by the forces of amateurs performing collectively (circles, studios, ... - WORKWORK FROM THE BOARD in Helpful Hints:
The workbench is the basis of the workplace. At home, it can be successfully replaced by a fairly thick and flat board with focus... - AESTHETICS in the Newest Philosophical Dictionary:
a term developed and specified by A.E. Baumgarten in the treatise "Aesthetica" (1750 - 1758). The Novolatin linguistic education proposed by Baumgarten goes back to the Greek. … - JOY TO ALL Grieving in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Joy of all who mourn, icon Mother of God. Celebration on October 24 (the day of the first miracle from the icon), ... - FANTASY in the Literary Encyclopedia:
in literature and other arts - the depiction of implausible phenomena, the introduction of fictitious images that do not coincide with reality, a clearly felt violation by the artist ... - RENAISSANCE in the Literary Encyclopedia:
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1. Statement of the question. 2. O. as a phenomenon of class ideology. 3. Individualization of reality in O. . 4. Typification of reality... - CRITICISM. THEORY. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
The word "K." means judgment. It is no coincidence that the word "judgment" is closely related to the concept of "judgment". Judging is, on the one hand, ... - KOMI LITERATURE. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
The Komi (Zyryan) alphabet was created at the end of the 14th century by the missionary Stefan, Bishop of Perm, who in 1372 compiled a special Zyryan alphabet (Perm ... - CHINESE LITERATURE in the Literary Encyclopedia.
- PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE in the Literary Encyclopedia:
a set of artistic and non-artistic works, to-rye, influencing the feeling, imagination and will of people, induce them to certain actions, action. The term... - LITERATURE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
[lat. lit(t)eratura lit. - written], works of writing that are of public importance (for example, fiction, scientific literature, epistolary literature). More often under the literature ... - ESTONIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonia (Eesti NSV). I. General information The Estonian SSR was formed on July 21, 1940. From August 6, 1940 in ... - ART EDUCATION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
education in the USSR, the system of training masters of fine, decorative, applied and industrial art, architects-artists, art historians, artists-teachers. In Russia, it originally existed in the form of ... - PHOTO ART in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
variety artistic creativity, which is based on the use of the expressive possibilities of photography. The special place of F. in artistic culture is determined by the fact that ... - UZBEK SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC
- TURKMEN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB.
- THE USSR. BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
and television Soviet television and radio broadcasting, as well as other media mass media and propaganda, render big influence on the …
Detail (from fr. detail)- detail, particularity, trifle.
An artistic detail is one of the means of creating an image that helps to present an embodied character, picture, object, action, experience in their originality and originality. The detail fixes the reader's attention on what the writer considers the most important, characteristic in nature, in man or in the objective world surrounding him. The detail is important and significant as part of the artistic whole. In other words, the meaning and power of the detail lies in the fact that the infinitesimal reveals the whole.
There are the following types of artistic details, each of which carries a certain semantic and emotional load:
- a) verbal detail. For example, by the expression "no matter what happens" we recognize Belikov, by the address "falcon" - by Platon Karataev, by one word "fact" - by Semyon Davydov;
- b) portrait detail. The hero can be identified but a short upper sponge with a mustache (Liza Bolkonskaya) or a small white beautiful hand(Napoleon);
- in) subject detail: Bazarov's hoodie with tassels, Nastya's book about love in the play "At the Bottom", Polovtsev's checker - a symbol of a Cossack officer;
- G) psychological detail, expressing an essential feature in the character, behavior, actions of the hero. Pechorin did not wave his arms when walking, which testified to the secrecy of his nature; the sound of billiard balls changes Gaev's mood;
- e) landscape detail, with the help of which the color of the situation is created; gray, leaden sky over Golovlev, landscape-"requiem" in " Quiet Don", reinforcing the inconsolable grief of Grigory Melekhov, who buried Aksinya;
- e) detail as a form of artistic generalization("case" existence of philistines in the works of Chekhov, "muzzle of a philistine" in Mayakovsky's poetry).
Special mention should be made of such a variety of artistic detail as household, which, in fact, is used by all writers. A prime example is Dead Souls. Heroes of Gogol cannot be torn off from their life, surrounding things.
A household detail indicates the situation, housing, things, furniture, clothes, gastronomic preferences, customs, habits, tastes, inclinations. actor. It is noteworthy that in Gogol the everyday detail never acts as an end in itself, is given not as a background and decoration, but as an integral part of the image. And this is understandable, because the interests of the heroes of the satirist writer do not go beyond the limits of vulgar materiality; spiritual world such heroes are so poor, insignificant, that the thing may well express their inner essence; things seem to grow together with their owners.
A household item primarily performs a characterological function, i.e. allows you to get an idea of the moral and psychological properties of the heroes of the poem. So, in the Manilov estate, we see the manor's house, standing "alone in the south, that is, on a hill open to all winds", a gazebo with a typically sentimental name "Temple of solitary reflection", "a pond covered with greenery" ... These the details point to the impracticality of the landowner, to the fact that mismanagement and disorder reign in his estate, and the owner himself is only capable of senseless projecting.
The character of Manilov can also be judged by the furnishings of the rooms. “Something was always missing in his house”: there was not enough silk fabric to upholster all the furniture, and two armchairs “were just upholstered with matting”; next to a dapper, richly decorated bronze candlestick stood "some just a copper invalid, lame, curled up on the side." Such a combination of objects of the material world in a manor's estate is bizarre, absurd, and illogical. In all objects, things, some kind of disorder, inconsistency, fragmentation is felt. And the owner himself matches his things: Manilov's soul is as flawed as the decoration of his home, and the claim to "education", sophistication, grace, refinement of taste further enhances the inner emptiness of the hero.
Among other things, the author emphasizes one, singles it out. This thing carries an increased semantic load, growing into a symbol. In other words, a detail can take on the meaning of a multi-valued symbol that has a psychological, social and philosophical meaning. In Manilov's office, one can see such an expressive detail as mounds of ash, "arranged not without diligence in very beautiful rows", - a symbol of empty pastime, covered with a smile, sugary politeness, the embodiment of idleness, idleness of the hero, surrendering to fruitless dreams ...
Gogol's everyday detail is expressed primarily in action. So, in the image of things that belonged to Manilov, a certain movement is captured, in the process of which the essential properties of his character are revealed. For example, in response to Chichikov's strange request to sell dead Souls“Manilov immediately dropped the pipe with the pipe on the floor and, as he opened his mouth, he remained with his mouth open for several minutes ... Finally, Manilov raised the pipe with the pipe and looked down into his face ... but he could not think of anything else, as soon as the remaining smoke is released from the mouth in a very thin stream. In these comic poses of the landowner, his narrow-mindedness, mental limitations are perfectly manifested.
Artistic detail is a way of expressing the author's assessment. The district dreamer Manilov is incapable of any business; idleness became part of his nature; the habit of living at the expense of serfs developed traits of apathy and laziness in his character. The landowner's estate is ruined, decay and desolation are felt everywhere.
The artistic detail complements the inner appearance of the character, the integrity of the revealed picture. It gives the depicted ultimate concreteness and at the same time generalization, expressing the idea, the main meaning of the hero, the essence of his nature.
