Mayakovsky's work is briefly: the main themes and works. Mayakovsky's early lyrics: features, originality

The pre-revolutionary work of the poet is lyrical and satirical poems, the poems "A Cloud in Pants", "Flute-Spine", "War and Peace", "Man", the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky". The main themes of this period are peace big city("Night", "Morning", "Hell of the City"); war and peace ("War is declared", "Mother and the evening killed by the Germans", "Me and Napoleon"); the poet and the crowd ("Violin and a little nervously", " Good relationship to the horses”, “Listen!”); love ("Lilichka"), Some modern literary critics call early Mayakovsky"a poet of resentment and complaint" (K). Karabchievsky), others see him as a suffering poet (A. Mikhailov), most note the anguish of unclaimed love (the poem "Flute-Spine"). The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky is a rebel who is constantly in conflict with the outside world.

In the poem "Violin and a little nervously" (<1914>) reveals the theme of the poet and the crowd, important for Mayakovsky's entire work. There is a quarrel in the orchestra: “The orchestra looked strangely as / the violin was crying out ...” “The whole orchestra looked strangely” at the violin and only the poet, who felt spiritual closeness, similarity, “staggering climbed through the notes, / the music stands bending under horror, / for some reason shouted: / “God!”, / rushed to wooden neck: / “You know what, violin? / We are terribly similar: / I, too, / yell - / but I can’t prove anything! / Let's - / let's live together! / BUT?" This poem is a dialogue with the "crowd", in which Mayakovsky constantly talks about the existence of two different value systems: material and spiritual. Adherents of the material side of life, "mediocrity", provoke angry reproaches of the poet. The assertion of the exclusivity of one's "I", suffering in the world of vulgarity, is a challenge thrown to the world of rude and narrow-minded people.

In the early poems of Mayakovsky there is a lot of declarative, exaggerated display of his significance. And at the same time, in his poetry, there is an acute feeling of loneliness, of being useless in modern world:

I'll pass
dragging my love.
On what night
crazy,
sick,
by what Goliaths I was conceived -
so big
and so useless?
The author dedicates these lines to himself, beloved,<1916>

Mayakovsky's lyrics are urban lyrics of the 20th century. Nature as a world of harmony and beauty, a refuge for a tortured soul, just a source of aesthetic pleasure, is practically absent in his poems. "Hell of the city" is the only environment in which his lyrical hero can exist. He is looking for beauty and harmony, but around him, in the bustle of the city. These searches echo the theme of the poet's tragic loneliness in the world of "petty bourgeois". The poet talks with what surrounds him: houses, streets, trams, a violin. All things in his poetry move, speak, breathe, suffer, sympathize: "the street without language is writhing," "Kuznetsky laughed." The poet, rejected by the world of those who cannot see the beauty in what cannot be “eaten, drunk or sold”, finds other interlocutors.

The city of Mayakovsky is inhabited not only by hostile people, the unfortunate and destitute live in it, whose defender he feels himself to be. Moreover, Mayakovsky writes about the social “day” of life, “tabloid prostitutes”, “syphilitics”, “a downed old man” appear in his poems. The poet "screams" about them, considering his poetry to be their voice, and sees his highest destiny in serving the "humiliated and offended":

And God will cry over my book!
Not words - convulsions stuck together in a lump;
and run across the sky with my poems under his arm
and will breathlessly read them to his friends.
And yet,<1914>

The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky's poetry is the protector of the whole world from the "hundred-headed louse", and therefore he is raised to incredible heights, equal to God, the Moon - the "red-haired mistress". But this dooms him to constant, fatal loneliness. He experiences pain and suffering, the source of which is also love (“Listen!”, “Flute-spine”, “I love”),

Listen!
After all, if the stars are lit, does it mean that someone needs it?
So - someone wants them to be?
So - someone calls these spitting pearls?
Listen!<1914>

In questions - philosophical reflections about the meaning of life, about love. Why did the poet have them? Perhaps because for the layman the stars are just "spitting". But there are people for whom they are “pearls”. It is for these few that the lyrical hero “rushes into God”. After all, the stars are needed so that someone is “not scared”: “So it is necessary / that every evening / over the roofs / at least one star lights up ?!” Pay attention to the punctuation at the end of the poem, expressing a rhetorical question, the poet's confidence in the correct solution to the meaning of existence.

Mayakovsky's love lyrics reveal to us the vulnerable, tender soul of the poet. Lila Brik, his poetic muse, he dedicated most love poems. This love is tragic. "Lily!" (1916): "... my love - / after all - a heavy weight - / hangs on you, / wherever it would run." But "Except for your love, / I / have no sea", "Except for your love, / I / have no sun ...".

B. Pasternak spoke very sensitively about Mayakovsky's lyrics: “I really love Mayakovsky's early lyrics. Against the backdrop of the then clowning around, her seriousness, heavy, formidable, complaining, was so unusual. It was poetry masterfully fashioned, proud, demonic and at the same time immensely doomed, perishing, almost calling for help.

The most important directions in the development of pre-revolutionary creativity of V. Mayakovsky.

In the first stage of Mayakovsky's work, two trends are clearly visible that determine the content and stylistic features of his lyrics and poems.

First of all, Mayakovsky acts as an accuser of modern bourgeois society. “A slap in the face of public taste” was the name of the Futurist manifesto, where they defined the principles of their attitude to the world and poetry. Decisive nihilistic reprisal against cultural heritage designed for scandal, unbalancing the reader. "Old" Mayakovsky seeks to oppose his own poems. He became one of the first urban poets. The action of the poems takes place mainly in an urban setting. Even the names are indicative: "Port", "Street", "From street to street", "Signs". “The street is suffocating without a language ...”, no one needs salon lyrics, the world, according to the poet, should be given new poetry.

He hates the snickering philistines, denounces the earthliness of their interests, lack of spirituality, inability to see the sky. Trying to crush the blind complacency of the layman, the poet throws words of hatred and contempt into the face of his listeners. This is dedicated, in particular, the poem "Nate!". Another important theme of this poem is the position of the poet in an unspiritual world, in the “hell of the city” of the well-fed. The poet is morally superior to the soulless crowd, he does not need her sympathy and even attention. But the feeling of loneliness cannot but disturb. The antithesis "poet - crowd" determines the content of the poem. The lyrical hero is a proud loner. The fat, dirty, "hundred-headed louse" opposes the "rude Hun", the waste and spender of priceless words with a tender, butterfly-like heart.

One of the features characterizing Mayakovsky's poetry as a whole was already manifested in the lines and images of this early poem. This is a vivid metaphor.

The lyrical hero of the poem “Listen!” appears to the reader differently. He is a romantic, a dreamer, a man with a thin, vulnerable soul. The central image, the metaphor of this poem is the stars. The traditional romantic image is developed by the futurist poet. Thus, Mayakovsky demonstrates a connection with the traditions of world poetry, which the Futurists rejected in their manifestos. Lyrical hero "Listen!" already in the title address, an appeal to kindred spirits says that he is tired of loneliness, he is looking for a person who can understand and help overcome "starless torment." Experiences, throwing, doubts of the poet are embodied in the rhythm, the syntactic structure of the poem. Most of the sentences here are interrogative or exclamatory. The rhythm is uneven, torn, like the uneven breathing of a person tired of searching. The dramaturgy of this poem is also characteristic. It, like many of Mayakovsky's poems, resembles a scene, filled with movement, action, expression.

Having decided to write about Mayakovsky and his lyrics, I will tell you what lyrics are. Lyrics are content inner life, the poet's own "I", and the speech form is an internal monologue, mainly in verse, which covers many poetic genres, for example: elegy, romance, sonnet, song, poem. Any phenomenon and event of life in the lyrics are reproduced in the form of a subjective experience. However, the "self-expression" of the poet acquires in the lyrics, due to the scale and depth of the author's personality, a universal meaning; the fullness of the expression of the most complex problems of being is available to her. As you know, the lyrics convey the experiences of a person, his thoughts and feelings caused by various phenomena of life. Mayakovsky's lyrics depict the structure of thoughts and feelings of a new man - the builder of a socialist society. The main themes of Mayakovsky's lyrics are Soviet patriotism, the heroism of socialist construction, the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one, the struggle for peace, the strengthening of the country's defense power, the place of the poet and poetry in the working order, the struggle against remnants of the past, etc.

Merged together, they recreate the majestic image of a Soviet man who passionately loves his homeland, devoted to the ideas of the revolution and the people. The poet's openness, citizenship, his desire to show the "nature and flesh" of communism, to ignite everyone with the desire to "think, dare, want, dare" are very dear. In the name of the revolution, Mayakovsky creates an extraordinary oratorical structure of verse, which raised, called, demanded to go forward.

The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky is a fighter for universal happiness. And for what major event The poet did not respond to modern times, he always remained a deeply lyrical poet and asserted a new understanding of lyrics, in which the moods of a Soviet person merge with the feelings of the entire Soviet people. Mayakovsky's heroes are ordinary, but at the same time amazing people("The Story of Kuznetskstroy"). During the construction of the city, courageous people live under open sky They are cold, starving, they have great difficulties ahead, but their lips stubbornly whisper in harmony:

Four years later

here will be

garden city!

Mayakovsky's lyrics are rich and varied. The poet devoted many of his poems to patriotism Soviet people. The best of them are "To Comrade Netta - a steamboat and a man" (1926) and "Poems about a Soviet passport". The first poem is a recollection of the Soviet diplomatic courier Theodor Nett, who died heroically in the line of duty. The introduction to the theme is Mayakovsky's meeting with the ship bearing the name of the famous hero. But gradually the steamer seems to come to life, and the image of a man appears before the poet.

It's him - I recognize him

In saucers-glasses of life buoys.

Hello Nette!

Then follows the memory of Netta, who was a friend of Mayakovsky. These everyday memories are replaced in the central part of the poem by a description of the heroic deed of a simple Soviet man - "the trail of the hero is bright and bloody." The scope of the poem is expanding: begun with a description of a friendly meeting, it rises to thoughts about the Motherland, about the struggle for communism. People like Nette do not die - the people embody the memory of them ... in steamboats, in lines, and in other long deeds. Another lyrical poem by Mayakovsky, "Poems about the Soviet Passport" (1929), also sounds like a hymn to the Soviet Motherland. The poem begins with an insignificant event - with a description of the passport check in a railway car at the moment the train arrives at the border. And the poet notices a lot: and the courtesy of the official, who "without ceasing to bow", "respectfully" takes the passports of an American and an Englishman; and his disdain at the sight of a Polish passport

So, lyric poetry is not conceived by Mayakovsky outside of poetry, outside of verse. There is no real verse, real poetry outside of lyrics. In the lyrics, in the lyrical beginning - the true essence of poetry. And the lyrical beginning is for Mayakovsky an effective beginning, the lyrical is the most active kind of artistic creativity in relation to the reader. The extreme activity of Mayakovsky's true lyrics is what he calls "tendency" or "agitation."

Poetry, which does not affirm anything, does not excite, but only states and registers impressions and emotions (remember: “All incoming ones rhyme impressions and print in the magazine in the outgoing one”), for Mayakovsky it is not poetry, because it is not lyrics. This is the essence of the above polemical thesis. This thesis is a negation, but, on the contrary, the ultimate affirmation of the lyrical beginning, as the beginning that forms the verse. Demanding "trends" from poetry, Mayakovsky, in essence, demands from her the strength of the lyrical assertion of his ideal, a high poetic effectiveness, in other words, a high degree of normativity. Of course, normativity (correlation with the "norm", with the proper, high, beautiful is inherent not only in lyrics, but in art in general. However, in lyrics, in poetry, in verse, as a rule, it is expressed more nakedly, more directly than in epic, in narration , in prose. With a half-joking reference to Lermontov, Mayakovsky emphasizes that his poems differ from the poems of the classics not in that they have a “tendency”, i.e. active assertion of the “ideal”, some high norm of human worldview and behavior (this is also the case for poets of the past), but by what this “tendency” is, by the fact that the ideal, the norm, the idea of ​​beauty for him are inextricably linked with the idea of ​​communism, perceived not only in the socio-ethical plane, but also in the aesthetic one:

I measure the commune of poems of sorts,

the soul is in love with the commune,

that the commune, in my opinion, is a great height.

That the commune, in my opinion, is the deepest depth.

Therefore, "tendency" in the understanding that Mayakovsky puts into this word is not something alien to the concept of "lyric" and. therefore, requiring from the lyric poet some kind of violence against his “muse”, but, on the contrary, the most essential aesthetic feature of the lyrics.

Mayakovsky has three types of lyrics: lyrics on the theme of revolution, patriotic lyrics and lyrics on the theme of labor. At the peak of the most acute socio-political changes associated with revolutionary events, the poet brings the theme of revolution to the fore. This is how Mayakovsky's revolutionary lyrics are born. The poet seeks to be needed by his people and the Bolshevik Party, which, in his understanding, embodies and defends the interests of the people.

V. Mayakovsky, in his unconditional faith in the revolution, was extremely sincere. He was driven not by religious aspirations to quickly swear allegiance to the new government, but by a deep civic conviction in the sanctity of revolutionary ideas. The poem "Revolution" was written in hot pursuit of the February revolutionary events and has the subtitle "Poet Chronicle". As you can see, Mayakovsky strives to be original even in the genre definition of the work. Undoubtedly, there are numerous historical and documentary chronicles that scrupulously describe the events of 1917, telling about them in the existing language of numbers and dates. Mayakovsky, on the other hand, poses a different problem. Only an artistic (and especially poetic) chronicle can fill the narrative with vitality. Mayakovsky shows how the popular movement is growing and expanding ("Wider and wider wings of the weapon"). Slogans and appeals are often found in the text of the work, designed to enhance the dynamics of the plot. Victory The revolution is also connected in the author's mind with the end of international wars:

And we never, never!

we won't let anyone!

to tear our earth with kernels,

tear our air with the sharpened spears

Numerous repetitions are intended to emphasize this most important idea in the poem. The last stanza of the work is polemically directed at those who considered socialist ideas to be heresy and refused to believe in their quick implementation. Similar motifs can be heard in the poem "Our March", the marching rhythm of which symbolizes the triumphal procession of the winners. Having made propaganda of communist ideas one of the main tasks of his work, Mayakovsky could not, could not write about the leader of the Bolsheviks. The poems “Vladimir Ilyich!”, “Lenin is with us!”, “A Conversation with Comrade Lenin” and a number of other works are dedicated to V.I. Lenin. The author tried to shed more light not on the leader's biography, but on Lenin's cause. The central work dedicated to the head of the state of workers and peasants is the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin". Through the whole work passes the idea that the birth of Lenin in Russia is a historical pattern. At the end of the poem, Mayakovsky describes the grief of loss that the Soviet people experienced in 1924, when Lenin died. In the work of Mayakovsky, the revolution is identified with the beautiful and long-awaited spring, with new era in the history of mankind. The right to take a worthy place among the classics is not connected with Mayakovsky's political convictions, but with his artistic skill, capable of creating literary works of extraordinary aesthetic expressiveness.

Dedicating the best lines to the native land is a deep tradition of both Russian classical poetry and literature in general since its ancient history. Particularly relevant are reflections on the fate of the motherland, the glorification of its greatness and turning points, when the choice of the future path of development of the state for many years is determined. Mayakovsky's patriotic lyrics are multifaceted. Most patriotic poems glorify the new Soviet country. There are also poems about the small homeland:

Just set foot in the Caucasus,

I remembered that I am Georgian.

Mayakovsky, as you know, was born in the Georgian village of Baghdadi and grew up in the Caucasus. In the poem "Vladikavkaz-Tiflis" the lyrical hero travels to his native places, moving freely in space and time. To create a national color, Mayakovsky uses interspersed Georgian phrases. He longs for progressive changes in the life of his native side; scope of construction; industrial development:

In all labor agility, for construction it is not a pity for breaking!

Even if

Kazbek will interfere - tear it down!

Still not visible in the fog.

In separate studies about the poet, it is noted that Mayakovsky felt like a citizen of the Universe and was not so touchingly attached to his native Russian landscape, as, for example, S. Yesenin. As proof of this, a poem about "Russia" is given, where there is a line: "I'm not yours, snow freak." Mayakovsky attached tremendous importance to rhyme, and the very fact that in the poem in the title "Motherland" there is a rhyme "ugly - motherland" leads to certain conclusions. However, these obvious conclusions will still turn out to be too hasty, because the poem is comic, fantastic, and it would not be true to look for echoes of a patriotic line in it. Here the emphasis is different. The lyrical hero is a heat-loving, southern bird:

Here I go

overseas ostrich,

In feathers of stanzas, sizes and rhymes.

Anti-war motives are another important facet in Mayakovsky's patriotic lyrics, which arose in connection with the outbreak of the First World War. In the poem "War is declared" the very news of the beginning of the war is likened to a stream of blood. The first and last stanzas of the work form, thanks to repetitions, a ring composition. The back row of the poem is divided into two parts. The first category includes images that energetically and positively responded to the beginning of the war. Mayakovsky emphasizes bravura poster slogans, exaggerated human enthusiasm when even bronze generals are ready to rush to the front. The second part includes the phenomena opposite order: "the sky, torn by the bayonets of the sting", "red snow", falling "juicy shreds of human meat."

The poem "Magnificent absurdities" debunks the convictions of those who look at the war with bravura-ceremonial views. The bloody carnival of fighting is depicted in theatrical and mystical motives, but the terrible similarities do not become more attractive from this. They are not veiled by metaphorical prettiness (“the sky is measured by a runaway”). Actual events are shown in a terrifyingly naturalistic way: death, blood. "yellow-leaved in flowerbeds of dead gangrene." The war seems to be a terrible, childish fairy tale.

The patriotic orientation of Mayakovsky is directed to the future. In the poem "Red Envy" the poet addresses children. For their sake, for the sake of future large-scale economic achievements, the older generation makes sacrifices and hardships.

But what can be said about Mayakovsky's labor lyrics? Let's start with the fact that in the controversial era of the 20th century, public views on social problems, on the structure of public life, on the style of relations between people. The style of ownership of the means of production has changed. The attitude of each person to his work and to the work of people had to change radically. Mayakovsky was a supporter of radical changes in public life. Considering himself “mobilized and called upon” to fight inertia, backwardness and everything that prevented the country from breaking into the forefront of technological progress, radically raising the standard of living, the poet devoted a whole layer of his work to promoting the program of socio-economic reforms, the purpose of which, ultimately In the long run, it was supposed to be the creation of a communist state, where there would be no economic difficulties and problems at all, and the main principle of the distribution of material wealth would be the motto: "From each according to his ability - to each according to his needs."

The theme of labor is one of the most important in Mayakovsky's work. The poet is concerned with the question of the ratio of the costs of honest labor and the amount of remuneration for it. In the poem “A warm word to some prophets,” the author writes that some people earn money by the sweat of their brows by hard work, while others can, by gambling, get rich faster and easier.

Glory to the one who found it first

as without labor and cunning,

clean and good

turn out the pockets of the neighbor and shake out, -

ironically says the poet.

Mayakovsky often compares the socialist attitude to work. Where labor is equated to a military feat, and work in the world of capital. Work for a brighter future is going on in the most difficult conditions, but despite the cold and hunger, people are winning the fight with the taiga. For business, the main thing is not technology and the latest materials, but people, their strong characters, their determined determination to transform the face of the earth.

Mayakovsky was distinguished by the desire to be at the forefront of the most important historical events. The poem "The March of the Shock Brigades" has a strong journalistic beginning (many exclamatory sentences, slogans, appeals, agitation). The shock labor solution, according to the author, should expand, grow, gain speed:

From shock brigades to shock shops,

from workshops to shock factories.

This refrain is important in the poem both in terms of content and composition. The poet calls on the working people to rely on technical achievements, on electrification, but the main trump card is enthusiasm. Work without absenteeism and holidays. In the poem, the motif of the competition of two formations sounds all the time - revolutionaries and bourgeois, communists and capitalists. The poet lives by the desire to catch up, overtake, show and prove the advantages of collective farming. The motive of the struggle is emphasized by the rebellious vocabulary of military operations: barricades, work platoons. The dialectic of darkness and light is important in the poem (darkness symbolizes a gloomy past, light symbolizes a joyful future; it is associated with images of the industrial world (lamps, rainbow factory lights). But the main motive is the motive of movement: there are many verbs in the poem imperative mood. The poem is more addressed to the working class, which, according to Marxist-Leninist teaching, is driving force historical progress, but Mayakovsky does not forget about the peasantry either:

Tractor to where the plow was piling, bread

storm the collective farm campaign.

The poet strives for maximum clarity and conciseness. Mayakovsky taught to treat his native land in a businesslike way. However, to work does not mean to curry favor, to move up the career ladder. Mayakovsky emphatically separates these two points. Heroes of the poem "Which one of them!" - two comrades who served together, shared all the hardships of life in half. One went not an easy labor way, having not met special awards and recognitions. Another made his way to the authorities, not without effort, taking a warm place. After some time, fate brought the first to the office to the second with a request for help. The poet vividly describes this meeting:

At the second glance -

at least glide on skis.

Sitting like a yard dog.

Brutalized by his own "successes" in terms of accommodating and the ability to climb into the right chair, the "brother" asks his former friend not to enter him without a report. They have long forgotten the ideals of youth and the bonds of friendship. Feeling himself the master of the situation, he enjoys the opportunity to draw in his own eyes. Mayakovsky calls to clean up such people government agencies otherwise the people may lose faith in their leaders. It is not easy to increase labor productivity, having a well-established life "a sea of ​​\u200b\u200btechniques in the wings." In the same difficult conditions in which the heroic construction projects of the century were erected, the formation of a new economy and industry was even more difficult and required incredible efforts from people, complete dedication. In the poem “To the workers of Kursk, who mined the first ore, a temporary monument to the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky,” the poet calls labor an indispensable front on which days are won in the struggle for better life. He compares the “falling words of the stream” and this everyday work, and the reader understands that not even the most brilliant verse can express the full depth of the selfless feat that our people accomplished in the difficult post-revolutionary years. Chopped rhythmic verse successfully conveys the intensity of shock work.

The true anthem of the human greatness of the feat is "Khrenov's story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk." This is a work about courageous and proud builders of a new life, altruists, similar to Gorky's Danko from the story "Old Woman Izergil".

Mayakovsky managed to convey through the change in the landscape the birth of a new era, bright and joyful, like a spring picture of a blooming orchard. At the beginning of the poem, hopeless rain and dusk are depicted, embodied in a vivid definition-neologism "lead-night". The poet does not romanticize the path to labor achievements. Rather, on the contrary, he emphasizes the painful life of construction workers, every moment of which is filled with the need to overcome certain hardships. People are starving, sitting in mud and cold for years. They live in a dream only that "in four years there will be a city - a garden." And for the sake of this "garden city", the winged dream of millions, for the sake of a better life for their children, the workers are ready to dedicate all these four years of their unique, priceless and inimitable life to the construction of a metallurgical giant. In the name of poetizing this dream, Mayakovsky does not regret pictorially - means of expression language, primarily hyperbole and metaphors (“We will ignite Siberia with open-hearths in a hundred suns”, “... The taiga, thrown back behind Baikal, will retreat”).

At the end of the poem, in order to once again emphasize his confidence that the bright dream of the workers will certainly come true, Mayakovsky once again exclaims:

I know - the city will,

I know the garden is blooming

when such people in the country

in the Soviet one!

The poet directly states that his confidence is based primarily on the so-called human factor. It is the high moral qualities of the builders of the new life that will make it possible, despite the most difficult conditions, to put into practice large-scale plans. Khrenov mentioned in the title of the poem is a real person, an acquaintance of Mayakovsky I.P. Khrenov, a participant in the construction of the Kuznetsk metallurgical plant. He told the poet about this historically important event.

Reading the lines of Mayakovsky, one cannot but admire the courage and valor of the builders of communism, but this very reliance on the human factor without taking into account real economic conditions, so passionately sung by the poet, played a negative role in many ways. The same generation, in the name of which fathers and grandfathers spent their lives in many hours, sometimes back-breaking and disinterested work, proclaimed other values ​​and approaches. If the reader of the middle of the 20th century, such poems gave rise only to pride in their great homeland and its hardworking citizens, then modern inhabitants countries are more skeptical of such stories. They do not understand the boundless fanaticism of the hungry workers who gave their strength in the name of an idea, although realized, but did not triumph for long.

The traditions of Mayakovsky in the embodiment of the theme of labor were picked up by the poets of the sixties in the years when the bloody victory in the Great Patriotic War, in the conditions of an unprecedented social upsurge, the Soviet Union brought to life gigantic economic projects, the so-called "buildings of the century". Yevtushenko, Voznesensky, Rozhdestvensky sought to capture this labor feat. Which they succeeded to a large extent. I would like to believe that, contrary to the trend in the modern world, to leave their country in the name of a well-fed and comfortable life in a foreign land. The modern generation will accept the precepts of Mayakovsky and dedicate their work to their native land.

In conclusion, I can say that it was important for Mayakovsky to separate the main from the secondary. Correlating Mayakovsky's lyrics with the work of his predecessors, one should keep in mind the poetic roll call and polemic, the deliberate appeal to traditional images and the emergence of a commonality, objectively due to the closeness of creative tasks, solved, however, in different historical eras. The significance of a lyrical poem is determined not by the theme, but by the human and social quality of the emotion expressed in it. It is no coincidence that in the poem “Reflections on Ivan Molchanov and Poetry” written in 1927, Mayakovsky equally negatively regards Molchanov’s poems both for love and for love. political topic. He ridicules Molochanov's poem "At the Cliff" by no means because it is love lyrics, but for the fact that this lyric is shallow, not asserting (for granted, beautiful, i.e. as an “ideal”, “norm”) a complete, great feeling, but registering feelings, regardless of their ethical and social quality:

... Your romance is bad,

And the verse is unsightly

That's how I would love

any high school student.

The poet has no right to be indifferent and impersonal. A poet is a person endowed with high public trust and is obliged to justify this trust.

Used Books:

Mayakovsky lyrical creativity

(V.O. Pertsova, V.F. Zemskova)

2. Creativity V.V. Mayakovsky

(K.G. Petrosov)

3. V. V. Mayakovsky. Literary criticism.

As you know, the lyrics convey the experiences of a person, his thoughts and feelings caused by various phenomena of life. Mayakovsky's lyrics depict the structure of thoughts and feelings of a new man - the builder of a socialist society. The main themes of Mayakovsky's lyrics are Soviet patriotism, the heroism of socialist construction, the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one, the struggle for peace, the strengthening of the country's defense power, the place of the poet and poetry in the working order, the struggle against remnants of the past, etc.

Merged together, they recreate the majestic image of a Soviet man who passionately loves his homeland, devoted to the ideas of the revolution and the people. The poet's openness, citizenship, his desire to show the "nature and flesh" of communism, to ignite everyone with the desire to "think, dare, want, dare" are very dear. In the name of the revolution, Mayakovsky creates an extraordinary oratorical structure of verse, which raised, called, demanded to go forward.

The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky is a fighter for universal happiness. And no matter what the most important event of our time the poet responded to, he always remained a deeply lyrical poet and affirmed a new understanding of the lyrics, in which the moods of a Soviet person merge with the feelings of the entire Soviet people. The heroes of Mayakovsky are ordinary, but at the same time amazing people ("The Story of Kuznetskstroy"). During the construction of the city, courageous people live in the open, freeze, starve, they have great difficulties ahead, but their lips stubbornly whisper in harmony:

...after four years

there will be a garden city!.

Mayakovsky's lyrics are rich and varied. The poet devoted many of his poems to the patriotism of the Soviet people. The best of them are "To Comrade Netta - a steamer and a man" / 1926 / and "Poems about a Soviet passport". The first poem is a recollection of the Soviet diplomatic courier Theodor Nett, who died heroically in the line of duty. The introduction to the theme is Mayakovsky's meeting with the ship bearing the name of the famous hero. But gradually the steamer seems to come to life, and the image of a man appears before the poet.

It's him - I recognize him

In saucer-glasses

life buoys.

Hello Nette!

Then follows the memory of Netta, who was a friend of Mayakovsky. These everyday memories are replaced in the central part of the poem by a description of the heroic deed of a simple Soviet man - "the trail of the hero is bright and bloody." The scope of the poem is expanding: begun with a description of a friendly meeting, it rises to thoughts about the Motherland, about the struggle for communism. People like Nette do not die - people embody the memory of them

...in steamships,

in lines

and other long

affairs.

The anthem of the Soviet Motherland also sounds another lyrical poem by Mayakovsky - "Poems about the Soviet passport" / 1929 /. The poem begins with an insignificant event - with a description of the passport check in a railway car at the moment the train arrives at the border. And the poet notices a lot: and the courtesy of the official, who "without ceasing to bow", "respectfully" takes the passports of an American and an Englishman; and his disdain at the sight of a Polish passport.

And suddenly,

as if

burn

twisted

mister.

This is Mr Officer.

beret

my red passport.

The peace has been broken. The "gendarme caste" is ready to rush at the poet, but in his hands -

"hammered, sickle, Soviet passport",

behind him is the country of socialism. Mayakovsky is proud of his mighty Motherland:

"Read,

envy, I'm a citizen

Soviet Union!"

Mayakovsky devoted many poems to poetry /"Jubilee", "To Sergei Yesenin", "Out loud", etc./ He writes "about the place of the poet in the working order", about the importance of poetry for the people, for their struggle for communism. The poet emphasizes the responsibility of the poet to Soviet society, therefore, his lyrics are distinguished by high ideology and nationality ..