Countries leading the world coal mining on the map. Leading countries in coal mining

Coal mining in Russia is carried out in many parts of the country. Coal mining regions are very different - from the Komi Republic to the Primorsky Territory.

Which regions produce the most coal?

Kemerovo region

One of the cuts of the SDS-Ugol company

Coal reserves in the region: 635 billion tons(general reserves).

Key companies: Kuzbassrazrezugol, Southern Kuzbass, SUEK-Kuzbass, SDS-Coal, Raspadskaya, Northern Kuzbass, Yuzhkuzbassugol.

Mined in 2018: 255.3 Mt.

The Kemerovo region is the largest coal mining region in Russia, it is here that 58% of the “black” fuel in the country is obtained, and about 66% of the coal is mined in an open way.

On the lands of Kuzbass is the Kuznetsk coal basin - the richest coal deposit in the world.

Of the total reserves, 140 billion tons of coal are suitable for open-pit mining. Among the large coal mines are Taldinsky, Mokhovsky, Bachatsky, Berezovsky.

Kuzbass produces 56% of hard coal (reserves amount to 52.5 billion tons) and about 80% of valuable coking grades.

Coal produced in the Kuznetsk basin is exported to 63 countries. The main importers are the Netherlands, Turkey, as well as Japan and South Korea, which today are the largest consumers of Russian coal.

In general, Russia has big plans for the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Read more in our article about the prospects of the coal industry.

Krasnoyarsk region

Nazarovsky coal mine. Photo: suek.ru

Coal reserves in the region: about 638 billion tons(explored reserves) .

Key companies: SUEK-Krasnoyarsk, Sibugol, Trade House Coal-Trading, Krasnoyarskkraiugol.

Mined for 9 months of 2018: 29.78 million tons

Another large coal mining region is the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In total, the region has about 40% of the conditioned resources of the Russian Federation and about 25% of the explored reserves.

Among them - 85% coal - 85%, about 14% - brown and less than 1.4% - anthracites. In addition, the subsoil of the Krasnoyarsk Territory contains the most coal deposits suitable for open pit mining (their share is 38%).

Coal deposits in the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupy territories with a total area of ​​60 thousand km2. They are located in the Kansk-Achinsk, Taimyr, Tunguska, Minusinsk basins.

On their territory there are large coal mines Borodinsky, Berezovsky and Nazarovsky. Abanskoye, Itatskoye, Barandatskoye, Uryupskoye deposits also make a big contribution.

Zabaykalsky Krai

Coal reserves in the region: 2.24 billion tons(general reserves).

Key companies: SUEK, Tunguisky Mine, Chitaugol, Kharanorsky Mine, Urtuyskoye Mine Administration.

Mined in 11 months of 2018: 20 million tons

Coal deposits occupy 10% of the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The region is dominated by brown coal.

The largest deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory are Argunskoye, Streltsovskoye, Yubileynoye, Novogodnee, Antey, Chernovskoye.

Now only 1.2% of all Russia's reserves lie in the region, but the Trans-Baikal Territory occupies the top positions in coal production.

About 60% of the obtained mineral goes to the needs of the local population, the rest is transported to the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

Yakutia

Mechel asset. Photo: mechel.ru

Coal reserves in the region: over 14 billion tons(balance reserves).

Key companies: Yakutugol, Kolmar, Mechel, Elgaugol

Mined in 2018: 17.85 Mt.

Coal deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are dispersed in four coal basins at once - South Yakutsk, Lena and Zyryansk. Also, coal-bearing territories affect part of the Tunguska basin.

The largest in the region are Neryungri, Elginskoye, Denisovskoye, Nadezhdinskoye, Kangalasskoye deposits. 66.5% of coal deposits from the total balance reserves are suitable for open-pit mining.

Yakutia has the largest amount of coal in comparison with other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Moreover, the republic accounts for about 35% of the coal mined in the east of Russia. But at the same time, less than 7% of coal deposits are being developed.

Sakhalin region

"Coal Seaport Shakhtersk"

Coal reserves in the region: 47.8 billion tons(resources).

Key companies: Eastern Mining Company, Sakhalinugol, Uglegorskugol.

Mined in 2018: 10.8 Mt.

In the Sakhalin Region, coal deposits are located directly on Sakhalin Island. 35% of all coal resources of our country are concentrated in the region, in particular, about 10% of the balance reserves.

About 55.5% is the share of brown coal, for coking grades this figure is 4.4%. 194 million tons of black and brown coals are suitable for open mining.

There are 4 main coal-bearing regions in the region - Uglegorsky, Central, Southern and Aleksandrovsky. Most of the coal is deposited at the Solntsevskoye, Lopatinskoye, Uglegorskoye, and Boshnyakovskoye deposits.

The Sakhalin deposits have a more favorable location due to their proximity to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan - the presence of a number of ports greatly simplifies the transportation of coal.

Komi Republic

Photo: vorkutaugol.ru

Coal reserves in the region: 242 billion tons(resources).

Key companies: Vorkutaugol, Intaugol.

Mined in 2018: 9.9 Mt.

The Komi Republic is rich in resources of the Pechora coal basin - it ranks second in terms of deposits after the Kuznetsk one. Its territory includes 6 regions: Korotaikhinsky, Inta, Sharyusko-Adzvinsky, Khalmeryusky, Karsky and the most important - Vorkuta.

Among the large deposits are Intinskoye, Vorgashorskoye, Vorkuta. Mining in the areas is carried out by the mine method. The depth of the Vorkutsky mine is 900 m, Vorgashorsky - 350 m, Inta - 600 m.

All types of coal occur on the territory of the Pechora basin: in the total reserves - 78% of hard coal, 19% - brown, 3% - anthracite. Almost half of the explored reserves (9 billion tons) are coking coal.

Primorsky Krai

Photo: primorskugol.ru

Coal reserves in the region: 2.24 billion tons(balance reserves).

Key companies: Primorskugol, Dalinvestugol.

Mined in 2018: approx. 9 million tons.

One tenth of the territory of Primorsky Krai is occupied by coal-bearing deposits. About 70% of the coal reserves are suitable for open pit mining. However, 30% - lies in areas with difficult hydrogeological conditions.

In the Primorsky Territory, coal is deposited in the areas of the Podgorodnensky, Partizansky and Razdolnensky coal basins. The key deposits are Bikinskoye, Artyomovskoye, Pavlovskoye, Shkotovskoye, Partizanskoye, Razdolnenskoye, Verkhnesuifunskoye.

Like the Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai has an advantageous position due to the ports built on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan.

Of course, these are far from all regions of coal mining in Russia. Also, minerals are mined in the Rostov, Irkutsk regions, the Republic of Khakassia and other regions.

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Coal mining

Coal plays an invaluable role in modern life, it is used by almost all spheres of management, not only industrial, but also private. Production is growing every year - this is due to technological progress, which makes it possible to mechanize the main processes and increase production.

General statistics

Worldwide, only 70 countries have significant coal deposits. But only thirty have high indicators not only of production volumes, but also of solid fuel exports.

Last year, coal production in the world amounted to about 7 billion tons. At the same time, 75% of the total volume was provided by four leading countries in coal mining:

• India;
• Australia.

In this list, Russia occupies only sixth place. The absolute leader is China, it alone provides 1/3 of the total volume.

The dynamics over the past ten years show a steady increase in production in China and India. The volumes of the USA and Russia are gradually decreasing. The main exporter of coal is India - 421755000 tons per year. Australia is in second place with an indicator of 332,363,000 tons. Russia is in third place, by a wide margin, with 150,720,000 tons. China is in 13th place with an indicator of 10,224,000 tons - the bulk of the produced goes to domestic consumption.

Features of mining in China

The list of countries in coal production is headed by the PRC - a breakthrough began in 2010, the peak year was 2014, when the country produced 3680 million tons. But already from the first quarter of 2015, there has been a slight decline in production. This is due to a decrease in demand in the domestic market. Since 2014, China has significantly reduced coal exports by 42%.

All extracted raw materials are left for domestic consumption. Therefore, production volumes will be gradually reduced. The decrease in the share of exports is explained by non-competitive prices. Causes:

• in China, mining is carried out with a significant share of manual labor;
• the mines are old, reconstruction has not been carried out for many years;
• high death rate of miners.

Despite significant production volumes, China is the main importer of coal. The country accounts for 44.2%. This volume of consumption is explained by the large number of power plants, the main fuel of which is coal. The country buys raw materials from Australia. In the last two years, export-import relations with Mongolia have been developing.

Extractive Industry Challenges in the US

The United States of America ranks second in terms of solid fuel reserves in the world, second only to Russia. But in 2015, there was a sharp decline in production. This is primarily due to a decrease in demand in the domestic market.

Power plants using coal as fuel are gradually becoming unprofitable and cannot compete with those using gas. The cost of its production is lower than coal, while America has the largest deposits of shale gas. With their active development, the entire coal industry may be less in demand. Calculations have already been made, the results of which show that about 10% of the solid fuel reserves may not be used at all.

The discovered deposits are almost exhausted. And underground ones are expensive to maintain and require significant investments in major repairs. Modernization will further increase the cost of production, which will entail an increase in the cost of electricity produced by power plants. Energy companies will be forced to switch to gas in order not to lose consumers.

In 2015, 1016458000 tons were mined in the country. Of these, 889738000 tons went to domestic consumption, and 126720000 were sold.

The rapid pace of production in India

India is increasing the volume of coal production every year (649644000 tons). The main mining company, Coal India, sets itself the task of developing as many fields as possible. In the previous year alone, stripping operations increased by 37%, which will give an increase in production by 50 million tons this year.

Such a rapid increase in volumes is due to a strong import dependence. In previous years, India was the leader in terms of coal purchases.

A feature of production is that a significant part (40%) comes from the private sector. The state of the industry leaves much to be desired: multiple deaths of miners who extract coal in an artisanal way. In developed countries, such mining has long been abandoned, but in India it is also progressing due to the influx of miners from nearby Nepal and Bangladesh.

The miner's profession in India is considered highly paid - on average, earnings are $ 150 per week. According to another statistical data (unconfirmed) - up to 70 thousand children work in the mines.

The ratio of domestic consumption and exports in Australia

Australia produces 463,783,000 tons of coal per year. At the same time, most of it is exported to the countries of Southeast Asia (332363000 tons). But due to the rapid increase in production in India, the demand for Australian raw materials is declining.

Therefore, the mining company (Glencore Xstrata) decided to cut production by 15 million tons. The Agence France-Presse published data that over 150 employees will be out of work as a result of such a reduction. But the company assures that personnel will be redistributed among all operating mines.

How are things in Russia

In Russia, the extraction of hard coal is carried out at 192 enterprises, of which 121 are developed by an open method. The deposits are located in the following federal districts:

• Far East;
• Northwestern;
• Siberian;
• Privolzhsky;
• Ural;
• Central.

In total, it was mined in 2015 (according to the Central Dispatch Department of the Fuel and Energy Complex) - 373,362 thousand tons; an increase compared to the previous year - 4.2% or 14,345 thousand tons. Most of the coal comes from Kuzbass - 215 million tons, in the Kansko-Achinsk deposit - 38.2 thousand tons.

Video: Modern coal mining

The coal mining industry is the largest segment of the fuel industry. Worldwide, it outnumbers any other in terms of the number of workers and the amount of equipment.

What is the coal industry

The coal mining industry involves the extraction of coal and its subsequent processing. Work is carried out both on the surface and underground.

If the deposits are located at a depth of no more than 100 meters, the work is carried out in a quarry way. Mines are used to develop deposits at great depths.

Classic coal mining methods

Working in coal mines and underground are the main methods of mining. Most of the work in Russia and in the world is carried out in an open way. This is due to financial benefits and high production rates.

The process is as follows:

• With the help of special equipment, the upper layer of the earth covering the deposit is removed. A few years ago, the depth of open works was limited to 30 meters, the latest technology has made it possible to increase it 3 times. If the top layer is soft and small, it is removed with an excavator. A thick and dense layer of earth is pre-crushed.
• Coal deposits are beaten off and taken away with the help of special equipment to the enterprise for further processing.
• The workers are restoring the natural relief in order to avoid harm to the environment.

The disadvantage of this method is that coal deposits located at a shallow depth contain impurities of dirt and other rocks.

Coal mined underground is considered cleaner and of better quality.

The main task of this method is to transport coal from great depths to the surface. For this, passages are created: an adit (horizontal) and a shaft (inclined or vertical).

In the tunnels, coal seams are cut by special combines and loaded onto a conveyor that lifts them to the surface.

The underground method allows you to extract a large amount of minerals, but it has significant drawbacks: high cost and increased danger to workers.

Unconventional methods of coal mining

These methods are effective, but do not have mass distribution - at the moment there are no technologies that allow you to clearly establish the process:

• Hydraulic. Mining is carried out in a mine at great depths. The coal seam is crushed and brought to the surface under strong water pressure.
• The energy of compressed air. It acts as both a destructive and lifting force, compressed air is under strong pressure.
• Vibroimpulse. The formations are destroyed under the influence of powerful vibrations generated by the equipment.

These methods were used in the Soviet Union, but did not become popular due to the need for large financial investments. Only a few coal mining companies continue to use unconventional methods.

Their main advantage is the absence of workers in potentially life-threatening areas.

Leading countries in coal mining

According to the statistics of world energy, a ranking of countries that occupy leading positions in coal production in the world has been compiled:

1. India.
2. Australia.
3. Indonesia.
4. Russia.
5. Germany.
6. Poland.
7. Kazakhstan.

For many years, China has been the leader in terms of coal production. In China, only 1/7 of the available deposits are being developed, this is due to the fact that coal is not exported outside the country, and the existing reserves will last at least 70 years.

On the territory of the United States, the deposits are evenly scattered throughout the country. They will provide the country with their reserves for at least 300 years.

Coal deposits in India are very rich, but almost all of the coal produced is used in the energy industry, since the available reserves are of very low quality. Despite the fact that India occupies one of the leading positions, artisanal methods of coal mining are progressing in this country.

Australia's coal reserves will last approximately 240 years. The mined coal has the highest quality rating, a significant part of it is intended for export.

In Indonesia, the level of coal production is growing every year. A few years ago, most of the produced was exported to other countries, now the country is gradually phasing out the use of oil, in connection with which the demand for coal for domestic consumption is growing.

Russia has 1/3 of the world's coal reserves, while not all the country's lands have yet been explored.

Germany, Poland and Kazakhstan are gradually reducing coal production due to the non-competitive cost of raw materials. Most of the coal is intended for domestic consumption.

The main places of coal mining in Russia

Let's figure it out. Coal mining in Russia is carried out mainly by open-pit mining. Deposits across the country are scattered unevenly - most of them are located in the eastern region.

The most significant coal deposits in Russia are:

• Kuznetsk (Kuzbass). It is considered the largest not only in Russia, but throughout the world, located in Western Siberia. Coking and hard coal is mined here.
• Kansko-Achinsk. Production is carried out here. The field is located along the Trans-Siberian Railway, occupying part of the territories of the Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Tunguska coal basin. Represented by brown and hard coal. It covers part of the territory of the Republic of Sakha, and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Pechora coal basin. Mining is carried out at this deposit Works are carried out in mines, which makes it possible to extract high-quality coal. It is located on the territories of the Komi Republic and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
• Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo coal basin. It is located on the territory of the Upper Sayan. Provides coal only to nearby enterprises and settlements.

To date, five more deposits are being developed that can increase the annual volume of coal production in Russia by 70 million tons.

Prospects for the coal mining industry

Most of the coal deposits in the world have already been explored, from an economic point of view, the most promising belong to 70 countries. The level of coal production is growing rapidly: technologies are being improved, equipment is being modernized. This increases the profitability of the industry.

Who mines the most coal in the world? What technique is used for this? What industries use coal? What are coal miners doing to save the environment? The answers to these and other questions are in the infographics of the Russian Coal company, which is part of the SAFMAR group of Mikhail Gutseriev.

Now 65% of all coal in the world is mined by an open method. This method is used when the coal seams are shallow. At coal mines, overburden is first removed, and then coal is excavated and transported. To do this, miners use different types of excavators, bulldozers, loaders, as well as trucks and rail transport.

In total, about 8013 million tons of coal were mined in the world in 2018. China became the leader in coal production with an indicator of 3,683 million tons. In general, it is in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region that the highest growth rate of coal production is observed. For 28 years, it has increased by 247%.

Coal is used in many areas, but more often - as a household or energy fuel. Compared to 1990, global coal consumption in 2018 increased by 60%.

The total coal reserves in the world are more than 1,054,782 million tons.

To reduce the negative impact on the environment during coal mining, coal miners are implementing a set of measures. For example, the construction of treatment facilities, the use of gas treatment equipment, land reclamation, etc.