The best tools for wood carving. Chisels for woodcarving

Wood carving is used to create both functional products and decorative fixtures. Today, at the time of the technical process, with the advent of woodworking technology and artificial materials, carving moved into the realm of leisure and hobby.

However, the tool centuries of history used by practicing carvers in the restoration of furniture, buildings and other works of art, as well as new products.

In carving, the ability to produce any product of high quality requires not only the natural ability of the carver, but also the practical skills to work with an immeasurable variety of forms. For this, both specialized hand tools and electrical devices have been created.

Chisels for woodcarving

The basis of carving tools is wood cutters for self made. A set of round and flat chisels can be represented by 18 cutting edge shapes. Cloths have up to 5 different profiles, they vary in size from 2 to 50 mm.

Round and flat chisels for wood cutting are identified by number and name. As a rule, the name corresponds to the shape of the cutting edge and blade, while the section of the cutting edge is different. To facilitate the identification of chisels, a numbering system was adopted in the 19th century.

Special chisels are made, which are used for thin and complex work. These include:

• flat corner cranberry right and left;
• cranberry with reverse bend;
• cranberry with a stepped bend;
• round chisel "fishtail";
• pterygoid corner;
• curved canvas with a rectangular chute;
• cranberries with a rounded rectangular trough.

Other hand tools for cutting

In addition to chisels in carving, other general purpose woodworking tools:

Special fixtures

electrical tools

Modern carvers are widely used electric tools on wood, which are distinguished by lightness, functionality, mobility:

• Electric drill is the main power tool on the market. Drills are produced both with mains power and cordless. Many people buy a cordless tool out of habit, although cordless models are more convenient to use. They are lightweight, quiet, have removable battery packs, or come with wall-mounted stands with a built-in charger. Usage range electric drill expand all kinds of devices on her.
• An electric jigsaw is a tool that works like a hacksaw and an openwork or bow saw. Modern designs Equipped with electronic speed control, the motors are highly balanced and have little vibration. All jigsaws are designed so that saws can be easily changed. A wide variety is produced various kinds saw blades for wood with a special tooth configuration.
• Circular saw or circular saw the specialist uses when you need to cut wood in any direction, quickly, accurately and safely. The main thing is to choose a tool with precise guides and a reliable saw blade guard. Some models have a built-in system electronic control, which provides a smooth start when turned on and speed selection.
• An electric planer is ideal for quick trimming or trimming. There are several types of knives that simply change if both edges become dull. The knife block is protected by a barrier, which prevents not only the worker, but also the knives from being damaged.
• Using electric grinders, you can prepare the surface of the product for polishing or varnishing. There are belt and disc vibratory grinders.
• Manual electric milling machine took the place of planers, zenzubels, tongue-and-groove and false gobels. With its help, edges, grooves are cut out in a wooden blank, quarters are selected, chamfered.

Installation of a wooden blank

Hand tools for woodcarving are very sharp. Therefore, for safe work it is important that the workpiece is fixed. They use both special fixing devices or standard clamps, and made independently.

With sculptural cutting, the main condition for comfortable work is the ability to quickly change the angle of the product. To do this, use a special rotary clamp, with which you can quickly change and fix any angle of the workpiece.

Locksmith vise can be used for woodcarving by installing soft sponges on them so as not to leave traces of a metal sponge on the future product. The standard vise of a carpentry workbench can be used if you attach clamps to them, which will continue to hold the workpiece.

For clamping a flat workpiece on the surface of a stand or workbench, a joiner's quick-acting clamp will be convenient. A gasket must be placed between the product and the clamp. For the same purpose, you can use bench stops.

Wood carving vise is similar to a locksmith's but not made of metal, but of wood. They have thicker cheeks, which are covered with leather or cork so as not to damage the product. A model vice is an analogue of a metal vice. They have large, wood-lined cheeks that can turn.

A bench screw is used for rigid fastening of workpieces on a stand or workbench. The end of the screw with the screw thread is screwed into the wood, and the other end is fixed with a nut through a hole in the stand or workbench.

The stand of the carver is a wooden workbench, which consists of four spaced massive legs for reliable support and thick surface. The surface is drilled in order to use fixing products on it. For stability, the stand must be weighted by attaching additional weight to it.

Main types and styles of carving

The following types of thread are distinguished from the type of materials and the method of its processing:

• flat-relief;
• embossed;
• flat notched;
• sculptural;
• propyl.

Each type has its own tasks, methods of execution and results:

• In applied arts and architecture, flat-relief carving is used. With this technique, the drawing and the background look voluminous, although they are in the same plane. This is achieved by cutting deep into the canvas along the contour of the image.
• The most picturesque is relief cutting. Drawing with this time-consuming technique, relative to the background, will be convex.
• With the flat-notched technique, the ornament is applied to a flat surface. The pattern is displayed in the form of recesses and recesses.
• The sculptural look of woodworking creates images without a background. This technique is used to make toys, souvenirs that can be viewed from all sides.
• The sawing method of carving involves the removal of the background completely. A pattern is applied to the fixed workpiece and holes for the saw are drilled. A cut is made along the contour, chamfered with a chisel and skinned. The effect of lightness, airiness is created.

There are author's styles of woodcarving. These styles, patented by the carver Shamil Sasykov, include the Tatyanka style. This is a flat-relief carving, in which there are flat-notched elements. You can get acquainted with this technique on the author's website tatianka.ru. Wood carving tool and tutorial can be purchased from this site's online store.

The selection of tools for woodcarving depends on the characteristics of the technique. The most versatile will be knives, flat and round chisels. Together with the editors, we figure out what carving tools are and how to work with them correctly.

Carving tools

Nichrome wire is used for burning. Such a thread, with strong heating, burns a thin line in the workpiece, moving along the contour. Nichrome wire carefully cuts the most small parts and patterns.

Photo 1 - Nichrome wire Х20Н80

Pattern - a drawing tool that allows you to transfer lines to a tree for a future pattern.

Photo 2 - A set of patterns fluorescent transparent
Photo 3 - Laser cutting patterns from material (paper, cardboard, wood or plexiglass)

Knives for artistic carving

Knife set of 7 pcs. for curly thread TAT-15-01
Knife set of 7 pcs. for geometric thread TAT-07-01

How to choose a knife?

The tool must be made of good steel with good sharpening. It is better to choose a Bogorodsk knife, it is suitable for both overhead and volumetric carving, and for ordinary planing. There should be at least two knives for work - small and large.

Photo 15 - Flexcut 3-Knife Starter Set FLEXKN500

Types of chisels for carving

• Chisels are used to create products in sculptural or relief technique.
• Straight chisels, whose width is from 5 to 30 mm, are needed to work with the background and work out the contour of the product.
• Chisel-jamb with a blade cut from 45° to 70° for the technique of geometric carving.

Photo 16 - Wood carving chisel 3217004
Photo 17 - Compact straight semicircular chisel Pfeil D3/8
Photo 18 - Chisel with oblique blade KIRSCHEN KR-1056012

Ceraziki chisels

The width of the blade is not more than 3 mm. They are curved at the bottom of the instrument with different form blades. Cerazik is convenient to clean the background in hard-to-reach places and cut out narrow hollows.

Photo 19 - Semi-cranberry Narex PROFI 20 mm

Cranberry chisels

The same semicircular chisels, but with a curved blade. Used for flat-relief and embossed carving. With their help, it is convenient to choose stripping background recesses, process bulges, cut curly surfaces. The minimum width of the sheets is 2 mm.

Photo 20 - Oblique chisel (left cranberry) No. 56 KL, 15 mm

Chisels-corners

They are used for sampling narrow lines of grooves. Such chisels are needed in almost all types of carving.

Photo 21 - Corner chisel Wood Line Plus, Narex
Photo 22 - Lie-Nielsen corner chisel 6*6 mm (1/4″) LN C-CC-1-4

How to choose a chisel?

The chisel should be made of high-quality material, lie well in the hand, and be comfortable to use. Pay attention to the quality of steel, the cleanliness of processing, the correct sharpening of the blade. The strength depends on the length - the shorter the length of the tool, the stronger it is.

IMPORTANT! The thicker the blade of the chisel, the deeper the cuts will be. You can make a small semicircular chisel yourself from a thick needle from a medical dropper.

One of the best materials for decorative design The interior was and still is wood. Being completely natural, the tree does not emit substances harmful to health either during processing or during operation. Wood is practical, wood is beautiful. Using a simple tool, you can create a unique carved decoration: a panel, a box, a figurine.

Carved woodwork - the best decoration own house and a great gift. Carving is not difficult, anyone can become a woodworker, you just need a little talent, a lot of perseverance and, of course, good tools for woodcarving.

What a beginner carver can't do without

Anyone who is lucky enough to be in the workshop of a real wood carving master will be horrified - he uses so many different tools. It's just eyes wide open. The master will easily determine how to perform this or that stroke, which is best for this or that detail. Choice the right tool for carving largely determines the quality of the product.

It is not at all necessary for a beginner carver to purchase a complete set of tools; for the manufacture of entry-level products, you can get by with a few of the most versatile knives and chisels. This will provide an opportunity to gain work experience, develop your own style, and then acquire exactly the tool that will really be in demand.

Knives-jambs

The most common wood carving knives are shovel knives. They are used by both venerable professionals and novice carvers. Knives of this type have a beveled blade, which makes it convenient for creating small indentations. Their use is justified both for flat-relief sampling and for creating three-dimensional compositions.

A separate type of jamb is a flag knife. It looks like a triangle with one corner stuck into the handle. This knife is universal, in work all zones of the blade are used.

Knives-jambs differ in the angle of the cutting edge and the width of the blade. According to the type of sharpening, single-bevel and two-bevel sharpening are distinguished. A novice carver should have several of these knives in his toolbox: at least three of different widths.

Cutters for geometric threads

In the manufacture relief panels you can not do without another common carver knife - a knife-cutter. Due to the longer blade, this knife is ideal for creating ornaments that have the shape geometric shapes. It is convenient for them to process curvilinear figures and roundings. So, triangles and other shapes are cut out with a hatchet knife.

In addition to creating flat reliefs, cutters are widely used for bulk products. AT skillful hands a small cutter can be compared to an artist's brush.

Bogorodsky knife, "Tatyanka"

The phrase "Bogorodsk toy" is familiar to many. This is a handmade wooden figurine. Almost the entire process of carving, from preparing the workpiece to smoothing out small irregularities, is performed with a special knife, also called Bogorodsky. Such a knife must certainly be in the carver's workshop.

A modification of this knife, popularly called "Tatyanka", is widespread. When cutting soft wood full cycle jobs can be done with just one tool. It is great for carving "by force", thanks to a comfortable handle it perfectly transfers force to the blade.

Chisels for woodcarving

It is convenient to make samples of a wide variety of configurations using chisels. Carvers use a variety of tools, but the most common are:

• straight chisels;
• semicircular or radius;
• cranberries, semicircular chisels with a bend at the cutting edge;
• bracketed, having a U-shaped profile;
• corner.

Unlike knives, the use of chisels for woodcarving allows you to make a groove of the required depth and profile in one pass. When working with soft wood, the chisel is pressed in by hand; hard wood carving requires percussive technology. Here a wooden hammer, a mallet will come to the aid of the master.

In addition to differences in profile, chisels are also distinguished by size. There is a tool with a working edge from two millimeters to several centimeters.

In addition, there is another type of tools for engraving and woodcarving - a chisel. They can do beautiful artwork.

Other Required Tools

A carver cannot do with knives and chisels alone. It is necessary to acquire another tool designed for woodworking. The list can be very extensive, it all depends on the qualifications of the master and the list of products that he plans to make. In any case, you will need:

• hacksaw or electric saw for cutting the workpiece;
• hatchet for roughing;
• planer and rasp for preparing the surface of the board;
• a set of patterns for transferring the image to the workpiece;
• drill, manual or electric;
• nichrome wire for burning thin elements;
• sanding paper of different grits for final finishing products.

It is also useful to worry about safety when carving with a sharp tool. For fastening small products, a carpenter's vice or several clamps are needed. A protective glove made of steel wire will help protect your hands from injury, this is especially true for beginner carvers. If the work involves multiple movements with a sharp knife “on yourself”, you should purchase an apron made of thick leather.

Tool sharpening

In order for wood carving to bring pleasure, and the created masterpieces to please the eye, the tool must be sharp. If an increase in material resistance is felt during work, it is necessary to take a break and sharpen the tool. This will allow you not to apply excessive force when carving and guarantees the excellent quality of every stroke, every groove.

Sharpening should begin with leveling the working surface of the tool. To do this, use a coarse-grained abrasive. It quickly and efficiently removes burrs, creates an ideal cutting edge.

Note! In work, it is important not to spoil the sharpening angle of the wood chisel and the geometry of the knife blade.

When working on emery, one must be careful, one should not allow the metal to overheat, sudden changes in temperature can “let go” of the cutting edge.

After large irregularities are removed, they move on to fine-grained abrasives. During grinding, the roughness that arose during the rough sharpening of the carving tool is removed. The last to use grinding mixtures applied to felt base. They create a perfectly flat surface, reducing friction between tool and material to a minimum.

Choice and purchase

A novice carver naturally has a question - where to get a carving tool. This is not a problem these days. The industry offers chisels and knives of all kinds and modifications. You can buy several knives and one or two chisels, or you can buy a set of tools, guided by your own taste and financial capabilities.

Oddly enough, but a wide range of carver tools significantly complicates the choice. Difficult to navigate and buy for real good thing. It is easy to become the owner of a "disposable" tool, which is enough for several hours of work.

Before buying a tool, you should definitely ask:

• steel grade from which the tool is made;
• manufacturer;
• country of manufacture.

The tool is an individual thing. When choosing a knife or chisel, it would be right to hold it in your hands, check how convenient it is to use, and only after buying it. It would also be useful to chat on thematic forums where experts share own experience They will gladly give good advice.

DIY knife

Many professionals do not recognize a purchased tool and prefer to work with one that they have made with their own hands. This makes sense, because every knife, every chisel fits perfectly to the hand of the master. It is convenient to work with such a tool, the hand does not get tired, it is easy to control the pressure.

This is a reasonable approach. With experience working with metal and good steel, you can start making a universal Bogorodsk knife for woodcarving or a hatchet knife. To do this, you can use a broken blade from a mechanical hacksaw 2 mm thick. From a tool of a sufficiently powerful electric sharpener.

The outlines of the blade are transferred to the workpiece and carefully processed along the contour. During operation, the workpiece must be periodically cooled by dipping it in a container of water.

For a person familiar with woodworking, making a handle will not be difficult. The ideal handle can be made from a mold obtained from plasticine held in the hand. wooden block a suitable size is marked out, clamped in a vise. With the help of a hacksaw (it is better to use a hacksaw for metal), excess is removed. For final finishing use a rasp and sandpaper.

1. Definition
2. Tool types
3. How to do it yourself
4. Cutter chisel
5. Semicircular chisels
6. We use a file
7. Files
8. Corner chisels

Any master working with wood has carpentry chisels in his arsenal. This hand tool helps in the processing of wooden blanks; a well-sharpened blade of various shapes is used for carving of any complexity. You can purchase ready-made kits, experienced craftsmen they prefer to make chisels on wood with their own hands - these are obtained perfectly adapted to a particular carver.

Definition

What is a chisel: this is a professional carpenter's or joiner's tool that is used to prepare wooden blanks for processing, to chamfer, apply carving ornaments by removing excess layers of wood. The design includes plastic or more often wooden handle and a sharpened blade of various shapes.

Tool types

Wood chisel in different options performance helps the master process wooden blanks, decorate products. For these purposes, take tools with different blade shapes. Types of chisels for woodcarving:

The presented species in different quantities are used by masters. Their modifications can also be different: a flat one can be wide or narrow, an angular one can be wide-angle or narrow-angle, a round bend can be flattened or radial. Ready-made kits contain tools in different configurations, not always complete or necessary for a particular master. Therefore, many joiners and carpenters prefer to make chisels for woodcarving with their own hands. The quality of work with such devices is no different from the use of factory tools.

Application for wood carving

Every woodworking professional should know how to use this tool.

A wide chisel with a straight blade is suitable for the primary processing of a wooden workpiece. With its help, coarse fibers, knots, and other irregularities are removed. The tool can be used as a chisel for knocking out holes using shock pulses.

The device removes chamfers, the ends of narrow edges, and processes recesses.

The tool is versatile in use: it can be held straight or acute angle depending on the desired effect. The lines are drawn by hand or along a ruler, for this it is better to use a metal one.

Figured chisels are used as needed the same way: a tool is placed on the work surface and excess wood is removed with pressure movements. Impact force will allow you to get deep cuts and clear shapes.

How to do it yourself

Manufacturing quality tool begin with right choice materials. For the blade you can take:

• Cutter for metal. Among other blanks, this one has sufficient rigidity, holds sharpening well.
• Drills for metal will become the basis for narrow mini-chisels.
• A semicircle is easy to get from a used punch.
• A chisel for corners can be obtained from any profiled tool.
• The file will also be an excellent source for a carpentry chisel.
• Needle files become the basis for creating a thin tool.

To make a mini chisel, you can take a small piece of metal as a blank. At home, it is more convenient to create small tools.

For a pen, take wooden beam. It is much more reliable than plastic, and it sits more confidently in the hand.

On the market you can find forged chisels for woodcarving. They are made from durable carbon steel, they are resistant to wear and keep their shape and sharpness longer.

We will look at ways to create professional chisels from improvised materials.

Let's prepare the tool:

1. Metal cutter;
2. pliers and tongs;
3. A container of water to cool hot metal.

Cutter chisel

A do-it-yourself chisel is made very quickly according to this algorithm:

In this way, you can make straight or beveled mini chisels. Instead of a disk, any part made of durable steel is suitable.

Metal drill tool

How to make a chisel from a drill is not difficult:

• We flatten the tip with a shock load or cut it down;
• We give the knife the desired shape. From the drill, excellent marigolds or rivets are obtained;
• According to the above algorithm, we make a handle.

Chisels from drill are widely used in carpentry practice: they can be made easily and quickly, and most importantly - according to the desired, thinnest sizes and shapes.

Semicircular chisels

The most common semicircular chisel for woodcarving is obtained from a punch - the workpiece already has the desired shape. It remains only to cut off excess metal and sharpen the blade.

How to make a semicircular chisel:

1. We take a punch of the desired diameter.
2. Saw cut off the excess part of the radius.
3. While the metal is warm, you can give it the desired roundness, for example, flatten the semicircle a little to get a semi-oval.
4. We sharpen the blade.
5. We make a pen.

We use a file

A file chisel is made on grinding wheel. This is how thick straight cutters and chisels are made. It is necessary to sharpen the file at the desired angle and insert the workpiece into a wooden handle.

From a file of square section, if desired, you can carve a corner chisel. To do this, stock up on a good abrasive for a circle for metal.

Files

A thin needle file will make an excellent tool for cutting any shape. And you can do it right in the kitchen over a gas stove.

Corner chisels

For their production we use any profile product made of durable steel. Using the methods already described, we cut off excess metal and sharpen the workpieces at the right angle.

The tool can also be made by bending a workpiece of any shape, however, this is not suitable for cutting hard wood.

Wood carving tools must be carefully selected. Woodcarving as a kind of arts and crafts has a long history, and has provided humanity with real masterpieces. At home, you can also create works of art, and simply diversify the interior. Although there have been some modern models with an electric drive (for example, a wood carving drill), in general, the tool retains traditions and is intended mainly for painstaking manual labor.

Various types of chisels for woodcarving

Wood carving is the processing of wood in order to give it a special shape or make a relief on it. The following main types of such operations can be distinguished:

Principles of using the tool

When performing wood carving, following works: drilling, sawing, cutting and gouging. To create a quality product, it is impossible to do without measuring tools.

In the process of work, there is a need for an auxiliary tool or devices that help fix the workpiece and limit the degree of impact.

The nature of the work and determines the choice necessary tool. Historically, the most the best examples performed using hand tool, but modern trend to the mechanization and automation of labor has not bypassed this area of ​​activity.

A set of various cutters for woodcarving

There are a number of machine tools, mini-drills (drills), electric jigsaws, grinders, etc. on sale. It is possible to make certain products in general in automatic mode using copy-milling devices (pantograph).

What types of knives are used

One of the paramount cutting tools used for are wood carving knives different designs and appointments. The following types of knives are distinguished:

What chisels are needed at work

Of course, the main handmade tools are chisels for woodcarving. The most common types of chisels include the following tool:

What tool can you use

In addition to the main considered devices, additional tools are used during the work, allowing to carry out specific work.

Usually applied like this additional tool for woodcarving:

1. Spoon knives or spoon knives: usually a sharpened ring welded to a steel bar that is inserted into the handle - they are used to remove accumulated sawdust in recesses, as well as for grinding the inside walls of large recesses, for example, when cutting dishes.
2. Chasings and punches: durable metal rods with a specific pattern on the end. Most common when creating the main background.

When carving wood over large areas, various auxiliary tools are also used:

1. For drilling work: gimlets, brace, hand drills.
2. When sawing: hacksaw, hacksaw, jigsaw, two-handed saw.
3. Auxiliary devices: mallet, bracket, miter box, clamps, vise, various clamps, hammer.

The following tool is used for measuring and marking: ruler, square, protractor, yarunok, bevel, plumb line, adjuster, level, caliper, caliper, inside gauge, thickness gauge, compasses, tape measure.