Expansion tank for a well. How to install a membrane tank for water supply? Adjustment of the hydraulic tank in the piping of the water heater

An autonomous water supply system today no longer surprises anyone. Such designs are very convenient and practical, however, their operation often requires devices that a person using only centralized water supply may simply not know about. For example, autonomous system water supply will long time work smoothly only if an expansion tank for water supply is included in it. modern industry produces many different models of such devices. To choose for yourself best option, you need to navigate the types of equipment and have a good idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe principle of its operation.

The device and functions of this equipment

Types of membrane tanks

There are two main types of expansion membrane equipment.

Membrane instrument

home distinguishing feature- the possibility of replacing the membrane. It is removed through a special flange, which is held on by several bolts. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in large-volume devices, to stabilize the membrane, it is additionally fixed back to the nipple. Another feature of the device is that the water filling the tank remains inside the membrane and does not come into contact with the inside of the tank. That protects metal surfaces from corrosion, and the water itself from possible contamination and significantly extends the life of the equipment. Models are available in both horizontal and vertical versions.

Devices with a replaceable membrane have a longer service life, since the most vulnerable element of the system can be replaced and water does not come into contact with metal case instrument

Stationary Diaphragm Device

In such devices, the inside of the tank is divided into two parts by a rigidly fixed membrane. It cannot be replaced, therefore, if it fails, the equipment will have to be changed. One part of the device contains air, the other contains water, which is in direct contact with the internal metal surface device, which can provoke its rapid corrosion. To prevent metal destruction and water pollution, the inner surface of the water part of the tank is covered with special paint. However, this protection is not always durable. Devices of horizontal and vertical types are issued.

A type of device with a rigidly fixed membrane. The design assumes that water is in contact with the walls of the equipment

Our next article provides expert advice on choosing a membrane tank:

How to choose the right device?

The main characteristic on the basis of which equipment is selected is its volume. In this case, the following factors must be taken into account:

• Number of people using the water supply system.
• The number of water intake points, which include not only showers and taps, but also Appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers.
• The probability that water will be consumed by several consumers at the same time.
• The maximum number of start-stop cycles per hour for installed pumping equipment.

• If the number of consumers does not exceed three people, and installed pump has a capacity of up to 2 cu. m per hour, a tank with a volume of 20 to 24 liters is selected.
• If the number of consumers is from four to eight people and the pump capacity is within 3.5 cubic meters. m per hour, a tank with a volume of 50 liters is installed.
• If the number of consumers is more than ten people and the performance of pumping equipment is 5 cubic meters. m per hour, choose an expansion tank of 100 liters.

When choosing the right model of the device, it should be borne in mind that the smaller the volume of the tank, the more often the pump will turn on. As well as the fact that the smaller the volume, the greater the likelihood of pressure surges in the system. In addition, the equipment is also a reservoir for storing a certain supply of water. Based on this, the volume of the expansion tank is also adjusted. You should be aware that the design of the device allows the installation of an additional tank. Moreover, this can be done during the operation of the main equipment without labor-intensive dismantling. After installation of a new device, the volume of the tank will be determined by the total volume of the tanks installed in the system.

Except specifications choosing an expansion tank, Special attention you should contact its manufacturer. The pursuit of cheapness can result in much more significant costs. Most often, the cheapest materials are used to produce models that attract with their cost, and, as practice shows, they are not always of high quality. The quality of the rubber from which the membrane is made is especially important. Not only the service life of the tank directly depends on this, but also the safety of the water that comes from it.

When buying a tank with a replaceable membrane, be sure to clarify the cost of the consumable item. Very often, in the pursuit of profit, not always conscientious manufacturers significantly overestimate the price of a replacement membrane. In this case, it would be more appropriate to choose a model from another company. Most often, a large manufacturer is ready to be responsible for the quality of its products, since it values ​​its reputation. Thus, it is worth considering the models of just such brands in the first place. These are Dzhileks and Elbi (Russia) and Reflex, Zilmet, Aquasystem (Germany).

The volume of the expansion tank for water supply can be different, it is selected based on the needs of users. If a larger volume is subsequently required, an additional device can be installed

Features of self-installation

All expansion tanks can be divided into two groups, determined by the connection method. There are vertical and horizontal models. There are no particular differences between them. When choosing, they are guided by the parameters of the room where the equipment will be placed. During the installation process, the following recommendations should be followed:

• The expansion tank is installed in such a way that it can be easily accessed for maintenance.
• It is necessary to provide for the possible subsequent dismantling of the connecting pipeline for the replacement or repair of equipment.
• The diameter of the connected water supply can not be less than the diameter of the branch pipe.
• It is necessary to ground the device, so electrolytic corrosion can be avoided.

The device is mounted on the suction side of the pump. On the segment between the pumping equipment and the connection point, all elements that are capable of introducing significant hydraulic resistance into the system must be excluded. We connect the make-up line to the circulation circuit of the entire system.

According to the type of installation, expansion tanks of horizontal and vertical connection are distinguished

Also pay attention to the material on what malfunctions most often occur in pumping stations, and how to fix them yourself:

An expansion tank is an integral part of an autonomous water supply system. It supports, prevents premature damage to the pump and retains a certain supply of water. However, all these functions are performed only under the condition of competent selection and proper installation of the structure. Therefore, in the absence of experience, it is better not to get involved in amateur performances, but to find qualified specialists who will install any device with high quality.

Consumption ecology. Manor: An autonomous water supply system that has already become familiar to many will uninterruptedly perform its functions for a long time only when an expansion tank is present in its design. This fairly simple multifunctional device is available in various modifications. To choose the right equipment for your system, you need to accurately understand the principle of its operation and understand the main types of devices.

An autonomous water supply system that has already become familiar to many will perform its functions uninterruptedly for a long time only when an expansion tank is present in its design. This fairly simple multifunctional device is available in various modifications. To choose the right equipment for your system, you need to accurately understand the principle of its operation and understand the main types of devices.

Consider the design of the device. Most often this is a closed membrane type device. A rubber membrane divides the container into two chambers. The first contains air, the second contains water. After activation, the pump begins to supply liquid to water chamber. It fills up and compresses the air. The amount of air in the tank decreases and the pressure increases. At the moment when it reaches the set value, the pump is switched off.

As the water from the tank is consumed for household needs, the volume of the chamber filled with air increases, and the pressure drops accordingly. When it reaches the minimum allowable value, the pump starts up again. The cycle automatically repeats. The operating pressure range is selected by the user, the device settings are extremely simple.

The tank can be equipped with a pressure gauge, which will allow you to monitor the pressure in the system. The device performs several functions:

Protects pumping equipment from rapid wear by preventing frequent switching on/off of the device.
- Saves a certain amount of water, which allows you to use the water supply for some time after a power outage.
- Protects the water supply from water hammer, which can occur if air enters the pipeline or during power surges.

There are two types of expansion tanks on the market. The first is equipment with a stationary diaphragm rigidly fixed inside the tank. This greatly simplifies the design of the device and reduces the cost of its production. But at the same time, a rigidly fixed diaphragm also has disadvantages. First of all, the liquid contained in the water chamber comes into contact with the walls of the tank. This can lead to rapid corrosion of the container. Despite the fact that the inner surface of the device is coated with a special protective composition, it is rust that causes the device to fail.

Another disadvantage is the inability to replace the membrane if necessary. As soon as it deteriorates, the device will have to be replaced.

It must be admitted that the service life of this type of device is short. Expansion tanks with a replaceable diaphragm are more durable and reliable. An element that has served its purpose is easily changed to a new one through a special flange, which is located on the device case. A little differently, everything happens with large-sized devices. The membranes of such tanks are additionally fixed to the nipple with the back, which must be taken into account when changing the diaphragm.

An advantageous feature of tanks with a replaceable membrane is that water is poured into the rubber diaphragm. Thus, its contact with the tank walls is impossible, which reliably protects them from corrosion. In addition, pollution cannot enter the water, and it remains clean. Thus, the service life of this type of membrane tanks is much longer, but the cost is also higher. Both modifications are produced in horizontal and vertical versions.

The main characteristic of the membrane tank, which determines the choice of device, is its volume. On average, it can vary from 20 to 100 liters. The main rule: the capacity of the device should be enough to meet all the household needs of the owner of the house. Therefore, when determining the volume of a membrane tank, the following factors must be taken into account:

Number of water points. This includes not only faucets and shower heads, but also household appliances that use water, such as a washing machine or dishwasher.
- The number of residents who will use the water supply.
- The manufacturer's maximum number of pump starts and stops per hour.
- The probability of simultaneous operation of several water points at once.

When choosing the right volume of a membrane tank, you need to take into account a few more points. The smaller the capacity, the more often pressure surges will occur inside the system. In addition, pumping equipment will turn on / off much more often than when working with a large tank. Therefore, ceteris paribus, it is worthwhile, if possible, to choose a larger expansion tank.

If during operation it turned out that the capacity is small, you can install an additional tank. At the same time, no dismantling works won't be needed new device installed next to the current one. After its installation, the size of the tank will be determined as the total volume of both tanks. When buying, you should not try to save as much as possible, it is better to purchase a quality device from a reputable manufacturer.

If a model with a replaceable diaphragm is chosen, it is worth asking about the cost of consumables. Some not the most conscientious manufacturers offer them for a clearly inflated price, which is very unprofitable.

A membrane tank is a necessary element of an autonomous water supply system. Its installation allows you to make the operation of the water supply system long, comfortable and uninterrupted. published

Membrane expansion tanks have found application in heating, water supply, air conditioning, refrigeration units to compensate for changes in the volume of the coolant that occur as a result of its heating or cooling, as well as to prevent the destruction of the system from hydraulic shock. Frequent jumps in hydraulic pressure, gradually leading to failure of the system, make it necessary to buy a membrane expansion tank.

Diaphragm type expansion tank

Terem offers a wide range of the lineup expansion tanks of membrane type for heating and water supply (hydraulic accumulators) manufactured by UNIGB, CIMM, Reflex.

The line of vertical membrane tanks Reflex (Germany) is represented by floor and wall models with a volume of 2 to 1000 liters, with two types of membranes - replaceable and non-replaceable. Expansion membrane tanks Reflex are designed for closed heating systems, refrigeration systems and systems with a solar collector. Reflex tanks are different solid construction and do not need additional energy during operation. They have a high-quality finish and are available in red and red depending on the model. blue flowers. Products of the Italian brand CIMM are also represented by models with floor and wall installation options from 6 to 1000 liters.

Membrane expansion tanks and accumulators Varem Russian production available in volumes from 5 to 2000 liters. Varem membrane tanks can be used both in everyday life and in the industrial area.

Wall-mounted versions with the possibility of horizontal and vertical installation allow membrane tank for water buy even for very limited spaces. Small-sized models of expansion tanks of the membrane type allow you to save usable area. For a membrane tank, the price and other characteristics of the models are presented in the product description.

Buy an expansion tank in "Terem"

The Teremonline online store of engineering equipment offers to purchase membrane-type expansion tanks for various purposes in floor and wall options execution. Expansion tanks and hydraulic accumulators CIMM, Reflex, Varem are designed primarily for domestic use. Models are presented by a wide choice of standard sizes. For a membrane expansion tank, the price in the Teremonline online store is from 748 rubles.

In order for the pump not to turn on every time a tap is opened in the house, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the system. It contains a certain amount of water, sufficient for a small flow. This allows you to practically get rid of short-term switching on of the pump. Installing a hydraulic accumulator is not difficult, but a certain number of devices will be required - at least - a pressure switch, and it is also desirable to have a pressure gauge and an air vent.

Functions, purpose, types

Place of installation - in the pit or in the house

In the water supply system of a private house without a hydraulic accumulator, the pump turns on whenever water flows somewhere. These frequent inclusions lead to wear of the equipment. And not only the pump, but the entire system as a whole. After all, every time there is an abrupt increase in pressure, and this is a water hammer. To reduce the number of pump turns on and smooth out the water hammer, a hydraulic accumulator is used. The same device is called an expansion or membrane tank, hydraulic tank.

Purpose

We found out one of the functions of hydraulic accumulators - to smooth out hydraulic shocks. But there are others:

It is not surprising that this device is present in most private water supply systems - there are many advantages from its use.

Kinds

The hydraulic accumulator is a tank of sheet metal divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. There are two types of membrane - diaphragm and balloon (pear). The diaphragm is attached across the tank, the balloon in the form of a pear is fixed at the inlet around the inlet pipe.

By appointment, they are of three types:

• for cold water;
• for hot water;
• for heating systems.

Hydraulic tanks for heating are painted red, tanks for plumbing are painted blue. Expansion tanks for heating are usually smaller and more low price. This is due to the material of the membrane - for water supply it must be neutral, because the water in the pipeline is drinking.

According to the type of location, accumulators are horizontal and vertical. Vertical ones are equipped with legs, some models have plates for hanging on the wall. It is the models elongated upwards that are more often used when independent creation plumbing systems of a private house - they occupy less space. The connection of this type of accumulator is standard - through a 1-inch outlet.

Horizontal models are usually completed pumping stations with surface pumps. Then the pump is placed on top of the tank. It turns out compact.

Principle of operation

Radial membranes (in the form of a plate) are used mainly in gyroaccumulators for heating systems. For water supply, a rubber bulb is mainly installed inside. How does such a system work? As long as there is only air inside, the pressure inside is standard - the one set at the factory (1.5 atm) or which you set yourself. The pump turns on, starts pumping water into the tank, the pear begins to grow in size. Water gradually fills an increasing volume, more and more compressing the air that is between the tank wall and the membrane. When a certain pressure is reached (usually for one-story houses this is 2.8 - 3 atm) the pump is turned off, the pressure in the system stabilizes. When you open a tap or other flow of water, it comes from the accumulator. It flows until the pressure in the tank drops below a certain level (usually about 1.6-1.8 atm). Then the pump turns on, the cycle repeats again.

If the flow is large and constant - you are taking a bath, for example, - the pump pumps water in transit, without pumping it into the tank. The tank begins to fill after all the taps are closed.

The water pressure switch is responsible for turning the pump on and off at a certain pressure. In most accumulator piping schemes, this device is present - such a system works in optimal mode. We will consider connecting the accumulator a little lower, but for now let's talk about the tank itself and its parameters.

Large volume tanks

The internal structure of accumulators with a volume of 100 liters and above is slightly different. The pear is different - it is attached to the body both above and below. With this structure, it becomes possible to deal with the air that is present in the water. To do this, there is an outlet in the upper part, into which a valve for automatic air release can be connected.

How to choose tank volume

You can choose the volume of the tank arbitrarily. There are no requirements or restrictions. The larger the tank, the more water you will have in case of a shutdown and the less often the pump will turn on.

When choosing a volume, it is worth remembering that the volume that is in the passport is the size of the entire container. Water in it will be almost half less. The second thing to keep in mind is dimensions containers. A 100 liter tank is a decent barrel - about 850 mm high and 450 mm in diameter. For her and the strapping, it will be necessary to find a place somewhere. Somewhere - this is in the room where the pipe comes from the pump. This is where most of the equipment is installed.

If you need at least some guidelines to choose the volume of the accumulator, calculate the average flow rate from each draw-off point (there are special tables or you can see it in the passport for household appliances). Sum all these data. Get the possible flow rate if all consumers work at the same time. Then estimate how many and which devices can work at the same time, calculate how much water will go in this case per minute. Most likely by this time you will already come to some kind of decision.

To make it a little easier, let's say that the volume of the hydraulic tank of 25 liters is enough to meet the needs of two people. It will ensure the normal functioning of a very small system: a faucet, a sink and a small one. If there is another household appliances capacity needs to be increased. The good news is that if you decide that the existing tank is not enough for you, you can always install an additional one.

What should be the pressure in the accumulator

In one part of the hydraulic accumulator is compressed air, water is pumped into the second. The air in the tank is under pressure - factory settings - 1.5 atm. This pressure does not depend on volume - and on a tank with a capacity of 24 liters and 150 liters it is the same. More or less can be the maximum allowable maximum pressure, but it does not depend on the volume, but on the membrane and is indicated in the technical specifications.

Pre-check and pressure correction

Before connecting the accumulator to the system, it is advisable to check the pressure in it. The settings of the pressure switch depend on this indicator, and during transportation and storage the pressure could drop, so control is very desirable. You can control the pressure in the gyro tank using a pressure gauge connected to a special inlet in the upper part of the tank (capacity from 100 liters or more) or installed in its lower part as one of the strapping parts. Temporarily, for control, you can connect a car pressure gauge. His error is usually small and it is convenient for him to work. If this is not the case, you can use the regular one for water pipes, but they usually do not differ in accuracy.

If necessary, the pressure in the accumulator can be increased or decreased. To do this, there is a nipple at the top of the tank. A car or bicycle pump is connected through the nipple and, if necessary, the pressure is increased. If it needs to be bled off, the nipple valve is bent with some thin object, releasing air.

What air pressure should be

So the pressure in the accumulator should be the same? For the normal operation of household appliances, a pressure of 1.4-2.8 atm is required. To prevent the tank membrane from tearing, the pressure in the system should be slightly higher than the tank pressure - by 0.1-0.2 atm. If the pressure in the tank is 1.5 atm, then the pressure in the system should not be lower than 1.6 atm. This value is set on the water pressure switch, which is paired with a hydraulic accumulator. These are the optimal settings for a small one-story house.

If the house is two-story, you will have to increase the pressure. There is a formula for calculating the pressure in a hydraulic tank:

Vatm.=(Hmax+6)/10

Where Hmax is the height of the highest draw point. Most often it is a shower. You measure (calculate) at what height relative to the accumulator its watering can is, substitute it into the formula, you get the pressure that should be in the tank.

If the house has a jacuzzi, everything is more complicated. You will have to select empirically - by changing the relay settings and observing the operation of the water points and household appliances. But at the same time, the working pressure should not be more than the maximum allowable for other household appliances and plumbing fixtures (indicated in the technical specifications).

How to choose

The main working body of the hydraulic tank is the membrane. Its service life depends on the quality of the material. The best for today are membranes made of isobutyl rubber (it is also called food grade). The body material matters only in membrane type tanks. In those in which a "pear" is installed, water contacts only with rubber and the material of the case does not matter.

The flange should be made of thick galvanized steel, but stainless steel is better

What is really important in tanks with "pears" is the flange. Usually it is made of galvanized metal. In this case, the thickness of the metal is important. If it is only 1 mm, after about a year and a half of operation, a hole will appear in the metal of the flange, the tank will lose its tightness and the system will stop working. Moreover, the guarantee is only a year, although the declared service life is 10-15 years. The flange usually deteriorates after the end of the warranty period. There is no way to weld it - a very thin metal. You have to search in service centers new flange or buy a new tank.

So, if you want the accumulator to serve for a long time, look for a flange made of thick galvanized steel or thin, but made of stainless steel.

Connecting the accumulator to the system

Typically, the water supply system of a private house consists of:

In this scheme, a pressure gauge may also be present - for operational pressure control, but this device is not necessary. It can be periodically connected - for test measurements.

With or without 5-pin fitting

If the pump is of a surface type, the accumulator is usually placed near it. In this case check valve put on the suction pipeline, and all other devices are installed in one bundle. They are usually connected using a five-pin fitting.

It has leads with different diameters, just for the devices used for tying the accumulator. Therefore, the system is most often assembled on its basis. But this element is not at all necessary and everything can be connected using ordinary fittings and pipe pieces, but this is a more time-consuming task, and there will be more connections.

How to connect a hydraulic accumulator to a well - a diagram without a five-pin fitting

With one of its inch outlets, the fitting is screwed onto the tank - the branch pipe is located at the bottom. A pressure switch and pressure gauge are connected to the 1/4 inch outlets. A pipe from the pump and wiring to consumers are connected to the remaining free inch outlets. That's all the connection of the gyroaccumulator to the pump. If you are collecting a water supply scheme with surface pump, you can use flexible hose in a metal winding (with inch fittings) - it is easier to work with it.

A visual diagram of the connection of the pump and accumulator - where necessary, use hoses or pipes

As usual, there are several options, you choose.

Connect the accumulator to submersible pump similar. The whole difference is where the pump is installed and where to supply power, but this has nothing to do with installing a hydraulic accumulator. He puts it in the place where the pipes from the pump go. Connection - one to one (see diagram).

How to install two hydraulic tanks on one pump

When operating the system, sometimes the owners come to the conclusion that the available volume of the accumulator is not enough for them. In this case, a second (third, fourth, etc.) hydraulic tank of any volume can be installed in parallel.

There is no need to reconfigure the system, the relay will monitor the pressure in the tank on which it is installed, and the viability of such a system is much higher. After all, if the first accumulator is damaged, the second one will work. There is another positive point - two tanks of 50 liters each cost less than one of 100. The point is a more complex technology for the production of large containers. So it's also more cost effective.

How to connect a second accumulator to the system? Screw a tee onto the input of the first one, connect the input from the pump (five-pin fitting) to one free output, and the second container to the remaining free output. All. You can test the circuit.

• We offer to buy For drinking water supply systems with delivery, in the online store "Tavago".
• The price for For drinking water supply systems is from 1115 rubles.
• Read the manual and reviews about For drinking water systems.

Expansion tanks for water supply systems or hydraulic accumulators are used in supply systems drinking water. They solve the problem of storing a certain supply of water and maintaining the required pressure in the drinking pipeline. Pressure tanks are used as auxiliary equipment closed water supply systems. In open kennels, they are not needed, because they use tanks installed at the top of the system.
Hydraulic accumulator for water supply is a membrane pressure storage of water closed type. It is a steel welded tank with a volume of several liters to several hundred liters. Inside the tank is a membrane, which is usually made of synthetic rubber or elastic rubber. It has the shape of a hollow pear, which overpressure filled with water. The stretched membrane with a full supply of water follows the shape of the tank. It is very similar to an old soccer ball with a rubber chamber, only instead of air, the chamber (membrane) contains water. The space between the membrane and the inner surface of the tank is filled under some pressure with an inert gas, which eliminates the contact of water with the metal of the tank and provides pressure for the subsequent supply of water to the line.
The pump that supplies water to the mains does not work non-stop - it also needs a break. Therefore, when the consumer opens the tap to draw water, it will come under pressure from its temporary storage - a pressure membrane tank. This will happen until the pressure in the system drops below the nominal value. And only then does the pump turn on, the operation of which will provide the necessary pressure in the system.
Thus, expansion tanks for water supply, automatically performing a simple mechanical work for storage and subsequent supply to the consumer of water, save pumps from premature wear by reducing their start-up / shutdown periods. At the same time, the larger the capacity of the accumulator for the water supply system, the more water reserves will accumulate there and the less often there will be a need to turn on the pump. In addition, membrane tanks for water supply are able to provide the consumer with water during power outages - water from the accumulator under pressure will flow into the faucet even without the participation of the pump.
The cost of a hydraulic tank depends on the volume of water that it can accumulate, and on the manufacturer. It ranges from 1,000 rubles for small-capacity models to 50,000 rubles for ½ cubic meter tanks. Therefore, the degree of comfort when using drinking water supply will be related to the budget allocated for the purchase of a membrane tank for the water supply system.
The Tavago plumbing salon offers a large product group of membrane accumulators for drinking water supply from leading foreign (Reflex, GWC) and domestic (Dzhileks, Valtec) manufacturers.