Chronic diseases. If you are chronically ill, for example, with an ulcer, ...
Prevalence Italian in the world
Italian language (italiano, lingua italiana) - official language Italy, Vatican City (along with Latin), San Marino and Switzerland (along with German, French and Romansh). Recognized as a second official language in several regions of Croatia and Slovenia.
The Italian language directly goes back to folk latin, common in Italy. In the Middle Ages, when Italy was politically divided, there was no common literary language, although written records of various dialects have survived. Since the Renaissance, the dialect of Tuscany, or rather, Florence, in which Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio wrote, has become the most prestigious. However, highly educated people continued to refer to Italian as "vernacular" - volgare, in contrast to classical pure Latin. Since the 18th-19th centuries, a single Italian literary language has been formed on the basis of the Tuscan dialect, which is a transitional between northern and southern idioms. At the same time, many dialects are widespread in Italy, mutual understanding between which can be difficult: from a historical point of view, the northern Italian dialects are Gallo-Romance, and the southern Italian ones are Italo-Romance. In addition to dialects, there are several regional varieties of Literary Italian, as well as a number of idioms considered separate languages rather than dialects of Italian (most notably Sardinian and Friulian).
The structure of the Italian language is quite typical of the Romanesque family. In phonology, the formal opposition of open and closed vowels is preserved, which is common for new Romance languages (French, Portuguese, Catalan), although its role in phonemic semantic distinction is small. In addition to the original Latin fund, the vocabulary contains many late, “book” borrowings from Latin.
History
Italian dialects
The Italian language was formed on the basis of the Romance dialects of Italy, dating back to popular Latin. Literary Italian is based on the dialect of Tuscany, i.e. the region where the Etruscans used to live. There was an opinion that the features of the Tuscan dialect are associated with the Etruscan substratum, but at present it is considered obsolete.
The history of the Italian language is divided into a number of periods, the first of which covers the time from the 10th century, when the first records in the vernacular appear (Verona riddle, 9th century; Capuan lawsuits, and 963) to the 13th century, the time when the dominance of the Florentine standard begins. At the earliest stage, dialectal monuments were created mainly in the center and south of the country, usually legal documents and religious poetry. The monastery of Montecassino becomes a major center of learning. Later, by the end of the 12th century, separate centers for the development of the literary tradition in dialects were formed: Sicily (courtly poetry), Bologna, Umbria, etc. The Tuscan tradition is especially rich, which is characterized by significant genre diversity. At the same time, along with the "folk" language, Latin, Old French and Old Provençal are used in Italy.
In the XVII and XVIII centuries the strengthening of the position of Tuscan as a single literary language of Italy continues, other varieties are beginning to be considered as "dialects". In the 17th century, the fundamental dictionary of the Accademia della Crusca appeared (three editions:, and 1691), fixing many archaisms and Latinisms. The Italian language begins to be used in science (Galileo), in philosophy, its use continues in literature and theater (commedia dell'arte). In the 18th century, the awakening of Italian self-consciousness began, in particular on the basis of a single language (L. A. Muratori), ideas about the need to bring the literary language closer to the vernacular (M. Cesarotti) reappeared. At the same time, a new flowering of literary creativity in dialects begins (Carlo Goldoni writes plays in the Venetian dialect, Gioacchino Belli writes poetry in Romanesco).
Letters c And g represent sounds [k] And [g] before non-front vowels ( o, u, a), and before vowels e, i they read like [ʧ] And [ʤ] respectively. In combinations " ci, gi+ vowel" letter i not readable, but only indicates reading c And g as an affricate (ciao "hello"/"bye" ["ʧao]), unless i the accent does not fall. Combinations cie, gie in modern language do not differ in pronunciation from ce, ge([ʧe] And [ʤe]). They are used in few roots ( cieco"blind" but ceco"Czech") and in the plural of feminine names after vowels: valigia"bag", pl. h. valigie(not validation). trigraph sci stands for [ʃ] .
Linguistic characteristic
Phonetics and phonology
In the field of phonetics and phonology, the Italian language is quite typical compared to other Romance languages. In the field of vocalism, the "Italian type" developed (in particular, the coincidence of Latin short high vowels and long mid vowels in high-mid vowels). In phonology, the formal opposition of open and closed vowels is preserved, which is common for new Romance languages (French, Portuguese, Cat.), although its role in phonemic semantic distinction is small. Unstressed syllables are mostly well preserved. In the field of consonants, the Italian language is characterized by a rather large conservatism: quantitative oppositions (geminates) are preserved, processes of intervocalic weakening of consonants do not occur or occur irregularly.
Italian words are pronounced the same as they are written, but, unlike the Russian language, there is no reduction in Italian, in other words, vowels in unstressed position are pronounced as distinctly as in the shock. The pronunciation of consonants is also much more tense and clearer than in Russian, and before the vowels e, i, the consonants never soften.
Vowels
In Italian, there are also diphthongs (combinations of vowels with [j], [w]): poi "Then", buono [ˈbwɔno]"good" - and triphthongs: buoi"bulls". Moreover, from a phonological point of view, most of these combinations are not diphthongs, but are considered as juxtapositions of vowels and glide. True diphthongs are, in particular, uo And ie, cf. buono And bonta"kindness" ( uo participates in alternation).
The stress in Italian usually falls on the penultimate syllable (such words in the Italian tradition are called "even" ( parole piano): casa"House", giornale"newspaper". There are also frequent words with an accent on the third syllable from the end ("broken", parole sdrucciole). There are many words in this class with unstressed suffixes: simpatico"cute", edibile"edible". In addition, this includes verbs to which enclitics are attached, which do not affect the placement of stress, and verbs of the 3rd person plural of the present tense with the ending -no, which also does not change the accent: lavorano"they work" (as lavora"she works"), scrivi-gli"write-him" (as scrivi"write"). A number of words have a fixed stress on the third syllable from the end: zücchero"sugar", Abita"she lives".
Words with an accent on the last syllable are called "truncated" ( parole tronche). These are borrowings caffe"coffee"), words that go back to a certain type of Latin declension ( civilta"civilization" from lat. civilitas, civilitatis), as well as some forms of the future tense and the simple perfect (see below for verbal morphology). Finally, a rare type of words are words with an accent on the fourth syllable from the end (“twice broken”, Parole Bisdrucciole). They are formed either by adding one clitic (or ending -no) (abitano"they live"), or by adding two clitics to the "full" verb forms: scrìvi-glie-lo"write-it-it" dimenticando-se-ne"forgetting about it" (literally "forgetting about it"). Moreover, in writing, stress is indicated only when it falls on the last syllable (see section).
Elisia in Italian
In Italian, elisions are usually subjected to:
- feminine indefinite article una a: un'antica;
- definite articles singular lo, la: l'albero, l'erba;
- one of the forms definite article male plural gli if the next word starts with i: gl'Italiani, gl'Indiani;
- feminine plural article le occasionally truncated in dialects and colloquial speech: l'erbe - but by far the preferred option is to use full form of this article: le erbe.
- In addition, elision is often used for some prepositions, pronouns, and adjectives:
- di: d'Italia;
- mi, ti, si, vi: m'ha parlato, v'illudono;
- grande, santo, bello, quello: grand'uomo, sant'Angelo, bell'albero, quell'amico.
As can be seen from the above examples, elision in Italian is the dropping out of a single vowel at the end of a word.
In Italian, there are also dropouts of whole syllables that are not marked with an apostrophe and are called differently:
* apheresis (afèresi) - omission of a syllable at the beginning of a word; * syncope (sincope) - omitting a syllable in the middle of a word; * apocope (apocope, also troncamento) - omitting the last syllable (without adding the next word).Morphology
Against the background of other heavily analyzed Western Romance languages, the literary Italian language is distinguished by the preservation of greater inflection of noun forms, which brings it closer to Romanian. Special difficulty in use are intuitive adverbial pronouns ci And ne, analogues of French y And en, which are completely absent in Spanish.
Names
The Italian language has:
Two genders: male ( maschile) and female ( femminile). No cases, only prepositions di, a, da, con etc.).
Pronouns: io("I"), tu("you"), lui("is he"), lei("she"), noi("we"), voi("you"), loro("they"). Formal "you" - Lei(singular) or loro (plural). There are cases of pronouns. Possessive adjective: mio("my"), tuo("is yours"), suo("his her"), nostro("our"), Vostro("your"), loro("them").
The Italian language has lost the Latin equivalent for "him", which sounded like " ejus", and began to use the Latin equivalent for "one's" for this purpose. Latin "them", eorum, survived, as loro(from Latin illorum, "those"), which became indeclinable (no * lora/*lori/*lore).
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Italian (in Italian italiano) is the official language of Italy, which has about 70 million speakers, mainly in Italy. Also, it is the official language of San Marino and one of the official languages of Switzerland (in particular, in the cantons of Ticino and Grisons). In addition, Italian is the second official language of the Vatican and some areas with Italian communities in Istria, Slovenia and Croatia. Italian is widely spoken and taught in Monaco and Malta. Italian is spoken in Nice and Corsica (because they belonged to Italian possessions until Italy handed them over to France), as well as in Albania.
The Italian language is closest to the other two Italo-Romance languages - Sicilian and dead Dalmatian. These three languages are part of the Romance languages of the Indo-European family.
History
The Italian language first appeared in written documents during the 10th century. in the form of notes and short texts that were inserted into documents in Latin, such as lawsuits and works of poetry. For a long time in Italy there was no standard form of literary or colloquial language, and the authors wrote mainly in their regional dialects. In the northern part of Italy, which was often influenced by France, Occitan was also used as a literary language.
During the XIII century. writers such as Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), Francesco Petrarca and Giovanni Boccaccio contributed to the spread of their own dialect of the Italian language - the Florentine (Tuscan) dialect ( la lingua fiorentina) as a literary language. By the XIV century. The Tuscan dialect was used in political and cultural circles throughout Italy, despite the fact that Latin remained the predominant literary language until the 16th century.
The first grammar of the Italian language with Latin name Regule language Florentine(Rules of the Florentine Language) was compiled by Leon Batista Alberti (1404-72) and published in 1495.
During the XV-XVI centuries. in technical and scientific literature Latin and Italian were used simultaneously. used in Italian a large number of Latin words, and over time, Latin began to be used less and less, and Italian became more and more popular.
Classification
Linguistically, Italian belongs to the Italo-Romance subgroup of the Romance group.
Italian, like other Romance languages, is a direct descendant of Latin, the language of the Romans, which they spread among the peoples whose lands they managed to conquer. As a result, the Italian language retains the greatest similarity to Latin, despite the fact that in Italy other languages \u200b\u200bthat are close to Latin are also spoken, such as the Logudor dialect of Sardinian.
Geographical distribution of the Italian language
Italian is the official language in Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Slovenia, the Vatican and some areas with Italian communities in Istria, Slovenia and Croatia. Italian is widely spoken and taught in Monaco and Malta. Italian is spoken in Nice and Corsica (because they belonged to Italian possessions until Italy handed them over to France), as well as in Albania.
Also, the Italian language is represented in Africa - in particular, in Ethiopia, Somalia, Libya, Tunisia and Eritrea. Italian speakers live in Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, USA, Canada, Venezuela, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina and Australia.
In Latin America, native speakers of Italian make up one of the largest language groups. The Italian language, in particular its northern dialects, is widely represented in Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Here the Italian language has a strong influence on Spanish and Portuguese(in particular, in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Cordoba (Spain), Chipilo (Mexico), etc.).
In the US, native speakers of Italian are represented mainly in five cities: Boston (90,000), Chicago (60,000), Miami (75,000), New York (120,000) and Philadelphia (50,000). In Canada, a significant number of Italian speakers live in Montreal (100,000) and Toronto (70,000).
Italian dialects
There are regional varieties of Italian (Tuscan, Central Italian) that are very close to literary Italian, while the term "dialects of Italian" is most often used in relation to Romance idioms - Neapolitan, Sicilian and Gallo-Italian dialects, which demonstrate significant differences in grammar, syntax and vocabulary.
Dialects of the Italian language include: Piedmontese, Valdotenne, Lombard, Ticinese, Venetian, Talhian, Emiliano-Romagnol, Ligurian, Tuscan (the basis of the modern literary language), Corsican, Central Italian dialects, southern proper dialects, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Calabrian .
Many dialects of the Italian language differ significantly from the standard Italian language, so some linguists consider them as independent languages.
The Tuscan dialect formed the basis of the modern Italian language (Italiano), which is the official language of Italy. It is the main language used in literature and media. In addition, each region of Italy has its own dialects, and some of them are very different from standard Italian. For example, some linguists distinguish the Sicilian dialect as a separate language and consider its literary tradition to be older than Italian.
Italian alphabet (alfabeto italiano)
| A a | Bb | c c | D d | e e | F f | G g | H h | I i | l l | M m |
| a | bi | ci | di | e | effect | gi | acca | i | elle | emme |
| N n | O o | Pp | Q q | R r | S s | T t | U u | Vv | Zz | |
| enne | o | pi | cu | erre | essay | ti | u | vi/vu | zeta |
Listen to the Italian alphabet
The letters j (i lunga), k (cappa), w (vi/vu doppia) x (ics) and y (i greca) are used in Italian but are considered letters foreign origin. Mostly, they are used in foreign loanwords, and their pronunciation depends on the position in the word.
Phonetic transcription (pronunciation) of the Italian language
Vowels and diphthongs
Consonants
Notes:
- c = before i or e, but [k] in any other positions
- s = [z] between vowels, but [s] in any other positions
- g = before i or e, but [g] in any other positions
- sc = [ʃ] before i or e but before a, o or u
The double consonant is a long variant of the single consonant and makes the previous vowel shorter.
The fathers of the Italian language are Dante Algrieri, Francesco Petrarca and Giovanni Boccaccio. These 14th-century thinkers and poets wrote some of their works in the vernacular of contemporary Florence.
In general, there was no such Italy in the Middle Ages. On the Apennine Peninsula there were many independent states. The linguistic palette of the peninsula was very diverse. In fact, every city, and even village, had its own language ...
Most spoken languages have their origins in Latin. Latin itself was also widely used. She conducted office work in the offices of states, church services. In addition, some languages were of Germanic and Slavic origin. In some places, dialects of the Byzantine Empire were preserved.
Literary traditions had many languages. The troubadours preferred the Occitan language. A number of authors used the Sicilian language in their work. Literary schools existed in Bologna, Umbria, Venice..
The Florentine language was the most fortunate. At the end of the 16th century, Giovanni Battista Children, Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Bernardo Caniciani, Sebastian de Rossi (Leonardo Salviati joined them a little later) founded the Accademia della Crusca in Florence. The task of the academy was: "to show and preserve the beauty of the language of Florence in the 14th century."
Accademia della Crusca translates as "bran academy". The founders of the academy set a goal: to separate " good language"(flour) from bran - a language that, in their opinion, is bad.
The activities of the academy were focused on the preparation of the dictionary. When creating it, they used mainly the Divine Comedy by Dante, the Decameron by Bocaccio, the poems of Petrarch, and, to a lesser extent, the works of other Florentine authors: Lorenzo Medici, Berni, Machiavelli, Bembo, Ariosto and Salvatti himself.
The first dictionary was published in 1612.
1612 dictionary cover
The dictionary aroused great interest and was a great success throughout Europe. It became a model for the creation of other European national languages. Subsequent editions of the dictionary appeared in 1623, 1691, 1729-1738 and 1863-1923.
For a long time, the language created at the academy was used only in narrow intellectual circles. After the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1863, the language, reformed by the writer Alesandro Mazzoni, was declared the state language. However, the Italians both spoke and continued to speak their regional languages.
The situation began to change during the First World War. The soldiers sent to the front from different provinces simply did not understand each other. So they were forced to learn Italian.
Strengthened the position of the language during the Italian dictatorship. Mussolini's government pursued a policy of "Italianization", imposing Italian and suppressing regional languages. Italian came to a dominant position only after the 50s of the 20th century with the development of radio and television ...
Italian belongs to the Romance group of Indo-European languages. The basis of the language is Latin. Italian is spoken not only in Italy, but also in Malta, Corsica, in the canton of Ticino (Switzerland), in the state of San Marino. Italian is the official language of the Vatican. About 65 million people in the world speak Italian.
The history of the Italian language is very complex, but the modern standard of the language has been shaped by recent events. The earliest texts at the intersection of Latin and a primitive form of Italian were legislative decrees during the reign of Benevento in 960-963 AD. The standardization of Italian began in the 14th century with the work of Dante Alighieri. His epic poem The Divine Comedy"formed new language, which was somewhere between the dialects of Southern Italy and Tuscany. And since everyone knew Dante's Comedy, its language became a kind of canonical standard.
Linguistically speaking, Italian belongs to the Indo-European family of languages, more specifically, it belongs to the Romance group of the Italic sub-family. In addition to Italy, it is spoken in Corsica, San Marino, southern Switzerland, the northeast coast of the Adriatic, as well as in North and South America.
The grammar of colloquial Latin gave rise to modern Italian. This form of grammar was much easier than the grammar of Latin classical literature. This primitive form of the language mingled with the dialects that originated from Latin locally. In Latin, there were many word declensions, which in Italian were expressed in separate words, phrases and word order. There was a big difference between Latin and Italian word order: in Latin everything was much more flexible (the logical relationships between words could be revealed from the word endings).
Changes in grammar gradually made the Latin of Christian liturgies and official documents difficult to understand for speakers of the regional languages of the Italian peninsula. The last step in the evolution of Italian was taken by a group of authors who settled in Florence with the aim of raising the status of the Italian language. They created a "new" written Italian language, a pure form of the language that included neologisms and phrases inherited from Classical Latin. This new language was to become an alternative form of colloquial Tuscan speech at the end of the 12th century, it was used by poets and writers such as Boccaccio, Tasso, Ariosto and other writers of the Renaissance [Titov 2004: 47]
The relation of the language to the Romance group means that it was formed on the basis of colloquial Latin. The basis of literary Italian is the Old Florentine dialect. The Italian literary language was formed earlier than other languages of the Romance group. The first dictionary was published in 1612. It was compiled by Florentine lexicographers.
The literary language was oriented towards the great Florentines who lived and worked in the 14th century. This dialect was first adopted as a literary language, and then, having received the status of the official language of Italy, spread throughout the country. Huge contribution to implementation Spanish made by Petrarch, Dante and Boccaccio.
The territory of Italy in ancient times was inhabited by the Etruscans, Sicans and Ligures. 1-2 centuries BC most The Apennine peninsula was inhabited by Italians. In the 5-6th century BC, the territory of Italy became part of the Roman state, its main part.
At the end of the 5th-8th centuries, the Franks, Ostrogoths and Lombards conquered the country. In the Middle Ages, France and Spain, Roman popes and German emperors fought for the territory of Italy. And by the end of the Middle Ages, the country remained fragmented, which contributed to the stability of the dialects of the Spanish language. Some dialects were so different from the literary language that they could be called separate languages. These are such dialects as Venetian, Neapolitan, Milanese, Sicilian and others.
The official Italian language today includes three dialects: central, northern and southern.
Dialects in Italy today are mainly spoken by the elderly, while young people use the official language in their conversation, into which certain dialects are occasionally mixed.
The Italian language was hardly used until the end of World War II. It was only written language ruling class, pundits and administrative institutions.
Television played a major role in the spread of the Italian language.
The advantages of the Italian language are many. Firstly, it is very melodic, because it is not for nothing that it has become the language in which operas are performed all over the world.
Secondly, the Italian language has semantic freedom (the ability to change the meaning of words with a variety of adjective and noun endings). In addition, the origin of many musical terms originates precisely in the Italian language.
We use a large number of words from the Italian language when naming food, culinary dishes and drinks. For example, pizza, pasta, mozzarella, amaretto, cappuccino.
The Italian language, as the language of the Renaissance, had a huge impact on the Spanish, English, French and German languages. Each of these languages has several hundred words borrowed from Italian. All of them are mainly related to the field of literature, art, culture.
The Italians themselves successfully use Anglicisms in their speech and appropriate English words other values. For example, such a neologism as "body" means, thanks to the Italians, the subject of a women's toilet, and not just the torso (translated from English). In Italy, there is a dictionary of neologisms, which is periodically updated with new terms.
Let's get back to Italian dialects. As you remember, there are three of them and they are very different from the official Italian language.
The northern group includes the Gallo-Italian dialects spoken in Piedmont, Liguria, Venice, Lombardy, Emilino-Romagna.
The central-southern group includes the dialects of Apulia, Basilicata, Abruzzi, Lazio, Umbria, Campania, Molise and Marche.
The Tuscan group includes dialects spoken in Florence, Pisa, Arezzo and Siena.
Some dialects have not only oral form but also written. These include the Venetian, Neopolitan, Sicilian and Milanese dialects. The dialects that exist on the island of Sicily are so different from others that they sometimes even recognize the existence of the Sardinian language.
If in the cities mostly people speak the official Italian language, then in the villages people speak local dialects and dialects. And quite often the inhabitants of one region do not understand the language of the inhabitants of another.
The European Parliament carried out research in the field of national minorities and their language in Europe, and it turned out that in total there are 28 languages spoken by representatives of national minorities, and 13 of them are common in Italy. For example, in Puglia people speak Albanian and Greek, on the island of Sardinia - in the Catalan dialect, in Vale d'Aosta - in French, in Trieste in Slovenian, Serbian and Croatian, and in Alto Adige in German.
In Italy, 60% of the inhabitants speak some dialect, and 14% use only dialect in their speech.
The abundance of dialects and dialects, some of which have their own literature, is explained by the diversity of the population of ancient Italy, the conditions of the Romanization of the Apennine Peninsula and the centuries-old political fragmentation country.
Considered one language with numerous dialects, Italian, like other Romance languages, is a direct descendant of the Latin spoken by the Romans, the language was imposed by them on all conquered territories. Of all the Rovian languages, Italian is the most similar to Latin.
Modern Italian retains the Latin qualities of the Florentine dialect, but the Latin vocabulary has changed to suit the changing conditions of Italian life. Simplified Latin phonetic rules along with perfect phonetic spelling, makes learning Italian very easy for those who know Latin or one of its modern Romance forms [Titov 2004: 53].
Dialects of Italian are ethnologically divided into Tuscan, Bolognese, Piedmontese, Central Michigian, Sardinian, Abruzian, Pugliese, Umbrian, Lazial, Chicolono-Reatino-Aqualian and Molisan. Other dialects are Bergamasco, Milanese, Brescian, Venetian, Modenese, Sicilian, etc., in every city.
There are many dialects of Italian, and some of them are so different from the standard language that they are considered separate languages. Regardless, we can draw a line between "dialects (languages) of Italy" and "dialects of standard Italian".
The Italian dialects are divided into two main groups, divided along the Spesia-Remini line, which runs from east to west of Italy along the border between Emilia Romanga and Tuscany. We can distinguish between the northern dialects spoken above the above line and the southern dialects that we find below this line. And what's more, there are also Sardinian dialects that are considered a separate language. The northern dialects are called setentrional, while the southern dialects are called central-meridian dialects.
The Septentrional dialects or Northern dialects comprise two main groups: the most geographically widespread is the Gallo-Italic group, spoken in Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagnia, Liguria and parts of Trentino alti Adige. Next large group is the Venetian spoken in Veneto.
As for the central maridional dialects, four groups can be distinguished. Tuscany is spoken in Tuscany, northern Latsi (including Rome), several districts of the Marches and all of Umbria speak a Latin-Umbrian-Marshegian dialect. Sometimes these two dialects are grouped together under the name of the central dialects. In southern Italy we find two main meridional dialects which include southern Latium, Ambruso, Basilicata, part of Apulia, Molis and Champagne. Extreme meridional dialects are found in Calabria, Apulia and Sicily.
In first place, as expected, is English, second is French, and third is Spanish. The Italian language is in the lead largely due to the famous
The list of languages studied in the world includes more than six thousand names (!) Arranged in a strict sequence of the general classification. It will not be news to anyone that in the first place is English language. The second position is French, and the third is Spanish. But the fact that the fourth language turned out to be Italian is curious. Dante's dialect bypassed Chinese, Japanese, German languages. Undoubtedly, this causes a sense of pride in.
Not for nothing on Tuesday June 17, 2014 in Rome at the Palazzo San Macuto (Palazzo San Macuto) was held a training conference dedicated to the Italian language as a tool for promoting Italy abroad. The event was hosted by the 19-member Icon community based at . Even before the start of the conference, Icon director Mirko Tavosanis described the goals of the conference as follows: “We will analyze our language as a factor in the development of our country, including from an economic point of view. And with our ideas we will try to contribute to strengthening the position of the Italian language in the world.”
What is the reason for the success of the Italian language? “I think the popularity and wide circulation of our speech comes from many factors,” Tavozanis explains. - “Firstly, it attracts foreigners. And not only Dante, but also modern writers. People equally like Italian fiction, poetry and journalism. Further, great importance has the musicality of the sound of Italian speech and its obvious poetry.
Well, Italian cuisine has not been without it: especially recently, it has pushed many foreigners to study Italian dictionaries, if only in order to read excellent recipes.
According to Tavozanis, love for the Italian language should be the impetus for a significant cultural revival. “Everyone who is involved in the promotion of the Italian language and culture abroad feels the need for a deep renewal of the entire system,” says the professor. “We must develop new policy, which will take into account the changed conditions of the language space and the competition of cultures in a globalized world. Such a policy will make it possible to properly assess the potential of the Italian heritage and establish an interaction between the promotion of language and culture and the development of the country's economy. For example, foreign students studying in Italy in Italian will guarantee future successful relationships with the leadership classes of many countries with rapid economic development.”
The Icon community (Italian Culture on the Net) brings together 19 Italian universities that promote the language, culture and photography of Italy around the world using Internet technologies. On the website www.italicon.it, foreign students and citizens of the country living abroad can choose for themselves a three-year training course in Italian Language and Culture, a Master's course, or one of the many courses offered in Italian.
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