By the beginning of the operation of the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian (Commander of the Army General R.Ya. Malinovsky) and the 3rd Ukrainian (Commander of the Army General F.I. Tolbukhin) Fronts were at the turn of Krasnoilsk, Pashkani, north of the Yass, then on Dnestra to the Black Sea and occupied the covering position in relation to the enemy grouping. In the Kitskani region, South Tiraspol, the Soviet troops held an important bridgehead on the right bank of the Dniester. In front of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, the Army Group "South Ukraine" was defended (Commander-Colonel-General G. Frissner) as part of the 8th, and 6th German, 3rd and 4th Romanian armies and 17- The German Separate Army Corps, a total number of 900 thousand people, 7.6 thousand guns and mortars, over 400 tanks and assault guns. They were supported by part of the forces of the 4th air fleet and Romanian aviation corps that had 810 aircraft. The opponent using mountainous terrain and numerous rivers, created a powerful deeply echelonized (up to 80 km) defense with a developed system of engineering structures. In the center of the Army Group "South Ukraine" in the Chisinau direction, the most combed 6th German army occupied the defense, and on the flanks - mainly, romanian troops.

Soviet command skillfully used the favorable configuration of the front line and the weak provision of flanks of the enemy grouping. According to the operation of the operation, the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts to blows from the north and east on two, far away from each other areas (North-west of Yass and South Bender) were to break through the defense of the enemy and, developing an offensive on the convergent to the district Husha, Vaslaui, Felchiu directions, surround and destroy the main forces of the South Ukraine Army Group, then at a high rate to develop an offensive in the depths of Romania. The 2nd Ukrainian front caused the main blow to the forces of 27, 52, 53 and the 6th tank armies from the North-West area of \u200b\u200bthe Yass in the general direction on Wallaui, Felchiu, cutting off the ways to the departure of the Yassely-Chisheven group of the enemy to the West, auxiliary blow to forces 7 -Y Guards Army and ConnOn-mechanized Group (KMG) along the r. Syret to ensure the right flank of the main grouping.

After the surroundings of the Yask-Chishenev group, the main forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front had to be held in the general direction to Fokshans, forming an external front of the environment, and the troops of the left wing - to create an internal front of the environment and together with the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front to destroy the surrounded grouping. The 3rd Ukrainian front caused the main blow to the forces of 57, the 37th and right wing of the 46th armies from the Kitzan University in the direction of Hush, auxiliary blow - part of the forces of the 46th Army in cooperation with the Danube Military Flotilla through the Dnieper Liman in the direction of Belgorod -Dnestrovsky (Akkerman). Danube Military Flotilla (Commander Council Admiral S.G. Gorshkov) was to land the landings of the North-west and south of Akkerman, and with the exit of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front to the Danube to contribute to them in the forcing of the river and ensure Soviet ships and courts of unimpeded traffic her. After the surroundings of the Yaskovino-Chisheneskaya grouping of the enemy, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front raised the task of developing the offensive in the overall direction on Rhenium and Izmail, not allowing the enemy's waste for the Prut and Danube. Actions ground Forces Supported the 5th and 17th air army. The Black Sea Fleet (Commander Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky) had a task to maintain the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, violate the enemy's sea communications. The coordination of the actions of the fronts was carried out by the representative of the TGK Marshal S.K. Tymoshenko.

For the operation, 1.25 million people were attracted to the operation, 16 thousand guns and mortars, 1870 tanks and SAU and 2,200 combat aircraft (including fleet aviation). The 1st Romanian Volunteer Division was found in the Soviet Forces. T. Vladimirku. 67 - 72% of infantry were concentrated in the directions of the main blows, up to 61% of artillery, 85% of tanks and sau. Almost all aviation. Due to this, the fronts were superior to the opponent's breakthroughs: in people - in 4-8, in artillery in 6-11, in tanks and sau - 6 times. This provided them with the opportunity to continuously increase the power of the strikes in the offensive.

On August 16, the command received an order to start the offensive "due to readiness" - for the purpose of secrecy in such cases, the word "resettlement" was used.

Progress of surgery: first stage

The offensive of both fronts began on August 20 after a powerful artillery, and on the 3rd Ukrainian front and aviation preparation. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in the 1st day broke through the enemy defense on the entire tactical depth and advanced 16 km. In the 20th Army strip, in the middle of the day, the 6th tank army was introduced into the breakthrough. To the outcome of the day, its compounds came out to the 3rd defensive band of the enemy, who was like a mart on the ridge. At a high pace, the onset of the 3rd Ukrainian Front was developed. The 37th and 46th Army, during the day, broke through the main lane of the opponent's defense and, moving to a depth of 12 km, we wedged into the 2nd lane. On the second day, the enemy pulled a part of 12 divisions into the breakthrough area of \u200b\u200bthe 2nd Ukrainian front, including 2 tanks, and the counterattack tried to stop his offensive. However, input in the battle of the 52nd Army of the 18th Tank Corps, and at the auxiliary - the 7th Guards Army and KMG Major General S.I. Gorshkova told the opponent's plans. To the outcome of the second day, the front troops crushed the enemy defense, overcoming his 3rd defensive strip, and, moving to 40 km deep, mastered the GG. Iasi and Targu Fruume. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on this day also completed the enemy defense breakthrough. The 7th and 4th Guards mechanized housings introduced into the battle of the 7th and 4th km in depth and actually cut off the 6th German army from the 3rd Romanian army. Greater assistance to the land forces was provided by the airborne aircraft. For two days, the 5th and 17th air armies made about 6,350 aircraft-departures.

Developing success in the inner front of the environment, August 23, the 18th Tank Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front reached the Hushes area, and the 7th and 4th Guards mechanized corps of the 3rd Ukrainian Front - to crossing on the r. Prut in the leaf area and Leovo. The operational environment of the Chisinau group of the enemy (18 divisions) was completed. On the same day, the troops of the 46th Army, who forced the day before, in cooperation with the Danube military flotilla, Dniester Liman, surrounded with the assistance of flotilla 3rd Romanian army, which the next day stopped resistance. On August 24, the troops of the 5th shock army liberated the capital of the Moldavian SSR Chisinau. Thus, on the 5th day, as envisaged by the plan, the first stage of the strategic operation was completed, during which the environment of the main forces of the South Ukraine army group was achieved.

Procedure surgery: second stage

At the second stage of the Yas-Chisinau operation, the Soviet command, highlighting 34 divisions to the internal front for the elimination of the surrounded group, used the main forces of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts (more than 50 divisions) for the development of success at the external plane front, deep into Romania. The end of August 27 was eliminated surrounded by east. Prut, and on August 29 - parts that managed to cross through r. Prut south-west of Hushes. At the same time, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, developing success towards Northern Transylvania and on the Fokshan direction, on August 27, Fokshans were liberated, and on August 29 they went to the clutch. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, coming to the south on both shores of the Danube, cut off the path of waste by the broken troops of the enemy to Bucharest. Danube military flotilla and the Black Sea Fleet, promoting the offensive of the land forces, provided a crossing through the Danube, landed therates were planted, they hit the naval aviation. By August 30, the GGs were liberated. Tulcha, Galatz, Constanta (main naval base of Romania), Sulina, etc.

YASSO-Kishinevian Cannes

The Yasnaya-Chishane operation is one of the major and outstanding in its strategic and military-political significance of the operations of the USSR Armed Forces. In short, the Group of Army "South Ukraine" was completely defeated in a short time, 22 German divisions were destroyed, almost all Romanian divisions were defeated on the front. The German defense on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front collapsed, favorable conditions were created for the victory of the uprising of the Romanian people against the pro-person dictatorship regime, Romania came out of the war on the side of Germany and August 24 declared her war. Soviet losses in the course were relatively small - 67 thousand people, of which 13 thousand are irretrievable.

For combat differences 126 compounds and parts of the ground forces and fleet, participating in the Yaskovine-Chisinau operation, were assigned the honorary names of Chisinau, Issic, Fokshansky, Rynitsky, Konstantsky, etc.

DOCUMENTATION

Commander 2 Ukrainian Front

Tov. Malinovsky.

Tov. Tikhonov.

The bid of the Supreme Commander orders:

1. Due to readiness, resettlement to start on time set in Moscow.

2. On the details conveyed.

The rate of the Supreme Command.

Tsamo. F. 148A. Op. 3763. D. 166. L. 442.

Military Council 3 Ukrainian Front

Extraordinary report of 24.8.44 years.

The troops to the shock army on the night of 23.8.44, he broke through the defense of the enemy and rapidly moving forward, 17-00 23.8.44 years broke into the capital of the Moldavian SSR City of Chisinau and the storm to O4-00 24.8 44 years old were mastered.

For 23.8.44 years, more than 40 kilometers were part of the shock army with battles, except for more than 200 settlements.

In the battles for mastering the city of Chişinău, Major Major Major Guard, Major General Zherelin, Major Serousor Guard, Major-General Sokolova, Major Major Guard Syzransov, Major Major Guard Syzransov, Colonel Fomichenko, Major's Guard.

Artilleryrs: Major General Kosenko, Lieutenant Colonel Klimenkova, Colonel Pavlova, Lieutenant Colonel Dmitrieva, Guard of Lieutenant Colonel Rakhnina, Lieutenant Colonel Kotova, Lizunov's lieutenant colonel.

Sappers: Lieutenant Colonel Furs, Colonel Chevychelova.

Berzarin, sides, Kuchv.

Tsamo. F. 243. OP. 2912. D. 97. L. 408.

Comrade Stalin.

Today is the afraid of the defeat of the German-Romanian troops in Bessarabia and in Romania, the west of the river Prut.

The first, the main task you have set up by the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts is made by them. The German-Romanian troops are broken, their remnants in disarray running around the river.

The main German, Chisinau grouping - is surrounded and destroyed.

Watching the skillful leadership of the troops on a wide scale from Malinovsky and Tolbukhin, their adamant will in carrying out your order to your order: to ask for your application to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the assignment of the Marshal of the Soviet Union by the Army Generals Malinovsky and Tolbukhin.

I think that this event of the government will give them such an force that no Fokshan gate will hold.

Tymoshenko. 24.8. 44. 12.30

Tsamo. Fp. 48a. Op. 3410. D. 116. L. 690-691.

MEMORIES

By order Hitler, we should now begin the bombardment of Bucharest from the air, and the main objects became the royal palace and the government quarter of the city.

I ordered my head of Headquarters General Urolmanna again try to draw attention to the rates of the Supreme Command on the reservation in the communique of the new Bucharest government, distinguished loyalty and resolving everyone german troops Unhindered waste from Romania. At the same time, I asked to pay special attention to the fact that in the case of our bombardment of the Romanian capital, Romanian troops will inevitably begin hostilities against all German troops and rear institutions - hospitals, warehouses of ammunition, warehouses of military property and food. To tighten the case with the execution of the order of bombardments, I gave the 4th air fleet. The order to pre-figure out the existing ones for this background. Now everything has come down to win time.

To our big surprise, we learned that the bombing had already begun, began without the knowledge and participation of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army Group, without taking into account the situation in which German soldiers led hard battles in Romanian territory, excluding the situation in which they fell, in fact, Abandoned now on the mercy of the fate of the rear bodies of the Army Group!

Only a lot later, being in captivity, I accidentally learned the circumstances of this case. It turns out that Hitler after my phone call on August 23 he himself raised the question of Bucharest's bombings in the evening of the same day in a conversation with Goering. He immediately contacted the telephone with General Gersheneberg, which was at the same time our military air attachment in Romania. In this conversation, General Gertenberg, apparently, again too superficially described the situation and demanded the use of dive bombers, without thinking about the consequences of this step. Goering, who, without thinking, gave an order. I was moved to the side.

The consequences were catastrophic! Romanian troops received an order from their king to handle all the Germans, as with enemies, disarm them and join them into battle. Even those layers of the Romanian population changed their attitude towards us, which have not yet approved the solutions of their government and treated us loyally. August 25 Romania declared war in Germany! So our recent allies turned into new enemies. Chaos reached its apogee.

Frisner lost battles. M., 1966.

August 20, the Yas-Chishene operation began. They switched to the offensive of the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts. At the same time, the forces of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force was caused by Constanta - the main naval base of Romania.

According to intelligence data, in the port of Constanta at this time there were up to 150 warships, auxiliary ships and plaques. About 50 ships and vessels were based in Sulin. In short, in the two Romanian ports, the main forces of the enemy fleet were located.

The blow was thought out to the smallest detail. It was decided at first bombing Sulin. There were four groups of attack aircraft - about 30 IL-2, accompanied by fighters. While the enemy beat off this attack, single aircraft of the 5th Minno-torpedo airlock dumped the smoke bombs to Constantum, blinding enemy anti-aircraft artillery. Most of the fascist fighters were drawn to Sulin. This used the basic forces of our aviation. The 13th Division of Picklers, consisting of 59 aircraft, under the cover of 77 fighters flew to Constanta. Blows were applied by three groups. About 70 worst ships and ships were destroyed and damaged, large destruction in the port is caused. The blows of the fleet aviation in Constanta and Sulina continued until August 25. Both fascist ports were, in fact, paralyzed.

... The rapid promotion of Soviet troops predicted the fate of the opposite government by Antonescu. On August 23, an armed uprising broke out in Romania. The position of the German troops in Romania has become a shaky. However, the Hitler's leadership has not yet lost hope for the restoration of their lost political and military positions. By order of Hitler, the German troops began an offensive on Bucharest, and their aviation had hit bombing strikes to the Romanian capital. Then the newly formed government of Romania declared the fascist German war. In the area of \u200b\u200bBucharest and Ploiesti, battles between yesterday's allies are German and Romanian parts.

After the entourage of the Chisinau grouping, the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts continued the offensive in the south-west and western directions.

The Commander of the Black Sea Fleet acting in the pool the Danube forces divided into two groups. Danube military flotilla should move up the Danube to assist the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in crossing the river, and the formed reserve naval base of the Black Sea Fleet (commander - captain of 1 rank A. V. Sverdlov) received a task to entrenched in Vilkovo And then grab Sulin and ensure freedom of swimming in the delta and the bottom of the Danube.

On August 26, flotilla ships occupied Tulch, and a detachment of sixteen armored vehicles and the 384th separate Nikolaev Marine Circuit Battalion on August 27 masped the port of Sulin. Romanian river flotilla capitulated, and we completely seized the bottom of the Danube. The seaside group of the enemy was completely surrounded.

The most important features of the combat activities of the Black Sea Fleet forces on the mastering of Delta Danube were rapid reproduction of forces, rapid growth rates and skillful conduct of independent actions before establishing direct contact with the ground troops. It helped the Chernomorets to go to the most important Danube ports and master them even before the approach of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. On the afternoon of August 25, the Commander of the Danube Military Flotilla Council Admiral S. G. Gorshkov came from Kilia to the People's Commissar of the Navy and the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet: "There are no parts of the army. Please clarify the situation on the front. "

The sea group at the headquarters of the 3rd Ukrainian Front also received a message:

"Finish turquoise:

Kilia is engaged in the landing, and while the troops of the 46th army did not reach the Danube, the position of Gorshkova is intense. "

Before the Soviet Armed Forces, the path to the Balkans was opened.

Kuznetsov N.G. Course to victory. M., 2000.

Having instructions of the bet, the General Staff should have taken into account the situation in a particular country, all complex political issues and even - where more, where less is to participate in their resolution. About the new situation in which troops have now come, we have repeatedly reminded at the rate. Repeatedly warned and R.Ya. Malinovsky, the front of which was the main force in Romania and Hungary, about what particular importance the political task is entrusted to his troops.

Two our fronts - the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian - the group of the German-fascist armies "South Ukraine" opposed. It included her two German (8th and 6th) and the two Romanian (4th and 3rd) army, the 17th separate Army Corps of the Germans and many other infantry and special parts.

The stability of the enemy's troops was very significant. This was evidenced by the past fights. For a long time, the South Ukraine Army Group commanded one of the most capable German military commanders, Colonel Sherner - subsequently, he fiercely resisted by the Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia, even after the order of the complete surrender of Germany. At the end of July, Sherner changed General Frisner. The Hitler's command hoped that such a replacement would benefit:

Frisner was known as a warlord who had great combat experience, although he suffered before the failure in the Baltic States, where he headed the North Army Group. In the whole band of the Army Group "South Ukraine", defensive structures were built around the clock; In some directions, the newly created field positions were combined with advanced strengthened areas.

When developing a plan of operations in the Balkans, in addition to conventional elements of the situation, it was necessary to take into account another circumstance: the likelihood of the so-called "Balkan version" of the actions of our allies. This option provided for the simultaneous opening of the second front and the invasion of allies to the countries of the Balkan Peninsula. Winston Churchill in general outlined the "Balkan version" still at the Tehran conference and now insisted on his conduct. If the "Balkan version" would be implemented, the main role in the peninsula would be played by the Anglo-American Armed Forces. The Soviet Union would have to overcome significant difficulties of a political nature and to do a great job to agree on the actions of the Allied Army. It was also not expelled that the Allies would attempt to agree with the Romanian government for our back. Soon, by the way, it became known to us that something is already done in this direction.

There were difficulties and coordination of the efforts of the Soviet Armed Forces. A look at the card urged that simultaneous actions for the south are required - in the interests of the liberation of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia and to the West - in order to defeat the German fascist troops in Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia. Forces, therefore, for some time spread. It was clear that our troops would have to fight on a very wide front in extremely unfavorable for the occurrence of terrain conditions, since the mountains, rivers and numerous settlements provided the enemy the opportunity to successfully defend themselves.

Along with the purely military and moral and political preparation of the Red Army to the Liberation Mission in the Satellites of the Satellites of Hitler Germany, and measures of diplomatic order were made, which loosened the foundations of the Hitler's coalition. In particular, on May 13, 1944, the Government of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States turned to Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Finland with a statement. It said that the current policy of the governments of these countries significantly strengthens the German military machine. At the same time, these countries can reduce the war period in Europe, reduce the number of their own victims and promote the victory of allies. To do this, they must come out of the war, to stop the disastrous cooperation with Germany and to resist the Hitlerians with all means available to them. Satellite countries have been warned that they need to decide now, they will persist in their current hopeless and disastrous politics or contribute to the overall victory of the Allian and thereby be able to avoid responsibility for participating in the war on the side of the Nazis. This step of allied powers had a large political effect, as it helped to significantly strengthen the position of the resistance forces.

... The situation in the direction of the main strike of the 2nd Ukrainian Front was very disturbed by the General Staff. In the middle of the day on August 21, we, as usual, were contacted by phone with the headquarters of the upcoming fronts and clarified the situation. Soon we had to go to the Kremlin for a report. The chief of staff of the 2nd Ukrainian Front M. V. Zakharov estimated the situation optimistic, believing that in front of the Mare's ridge, our troops would not be delayed and was about to accelerately move forward. He also reported that with the hour for an hour expects reports on mastering Yassami, and it turned out to be right.

At 15 o'clock I and A. I. Antonov were in the office of the Supreme Commander. When it reached the situation to the southwest, I.V. Stalin, examining the card carefully, demanded to remind the commander of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, as well as the representative of the bet on the main task of the troops led by them: to surround the enemy as soon as possible. He dictated: "Now the main task of the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts is that the combined efforts of two fronts will quickly close the ring of the entrief's environment in the Hush area, after which it is to narrow this ring to destroy or captivate the Chisinau group enemy. "

Since the breakthrough of the enemy defense on the Ridge Mare could cause the temptation to throw the main forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front for the persecution of the Romanian troops in the direction of Roman and Fokshans, and the 3rd Ukrainian Front - on Tarutino and Galats, the Supreme Commander stressed: "The rate requires basic strength And the means of both fronts to attract to perform this most important task without distracting forces to solve other tasks. The successful solution of the task of the defeat of the Chisinau grouping of the enemy will open our way to the main economic and political centers of Romania. "

We particularly carefully reacted to this instruction: after all, the staff had to control how the stakes were performed.

By concluding Dictation, I. V. Stalin said: "About 44 enemy divisions are operating before your two fronts, of which 6 divisions are already broken. You have 87 divisions, and, moreover, you have a significant superiority over the enemy in artillery, tanks and aviation. Thus, you have all the possibilities for the successful solution of the specified task and should decide this task. "

Representative of the Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Tymoshenko was ordered to follow the steady fulfillment of this directive.

As long as we have reported on the situation, new data came from the fronts. To 15 o'clock, Iasi were taken - a powerful knot of the opponent's defense. Because of the right flank of the troops of the 27th Army of the S.G. Trophimenko began to turn to the West, bypassing the fortified Targu-Frosmos, parts of the 7th Guards Army of General M. S. Shumilova. They had to break the defense of the enemy and from the West Direction to ensure the actions of the main forces of the front. The 6th tank and the 27th Army wedged into the defense of the enemy to 49 km, broke through it and went to the operational space. Now they could directly intercept the most likely ways to remove the enemy to the west and south and defeat his troops, who sought to avoid the emerging environment.

The 3rd Ukrainian front moved significantly: the depth of his breakthrough in the direction of actions of the 4th Guards Mechkorpus, which was commanded by General V.I. Zhdanov, reached 50 km. Front compartment 3rd Army Romanian from troops 6th german army.

The rate directive was very timely for the organization of front-line actions. On August 21, the enemy was no longer able to keep their favorable positions on the Range Mare and under the head of the armies of the 2nd Ukrainian Front began a waste. Troops R.Ya. Malinovsky with the 6th Tank Army and the 18th Tank Corps in the forefront rushed after him, without stopping persecution and on the night of August 22 and the whole day. The power of the impact of the main forces of the front was supplemented with a blow to the offensive of the 4th Guards Army I.V. Galanina. Acting along the left bank of the rod, it provided the operation of the front from the east and at the same time the defense of the Chisinau group of the enemy with a blow from the north to south. For the outcome of the day, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front deepened in the defense of the enemy by 60 km and expanded the breakthrough to 120 km.

The army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front rapidly moved from the east to crossing the rod. Tilting the resistance of the Romanian and German troops, their moving parts to the outcome on August 22, 80 km wedged into the depths of the enemy and overcame three quarters of the distance to their goal. On the left flank of the front troops in cooperation with the Danube military flotilla, the Dniester Liman was successfully forced.

Thus, during August 22, the contours of a huge environment, which constituted the essence of the operation of the Soviet Supreme Command of the operation to defeat the German-fascist armor group of South Ukraine under Yassas and Chisinau, was distinguished.

Shtemenko S.M. General Staff during the war years. M., 1989.

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4-Chisinau Strategic Offensive Operation (August 20 - 29, 1944)

Yaszo-Chishane operation is a strategic offensive operation of the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts in cooperation with the forces of the Black Sea Fleet in the Great Patriotic War, held on August 20 - 29 in order to defeat the German "South Ukraine" armies, which covered the Balkan direction, Complete the liberation of Moldova and bring Romania out of the war.

Yaszo-Chisheneskaya Strategic Offensive Operation
20 - 29 August 1944

In April 1944, as a result of a successful attack on the Right-Bank Ukraine, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front went on line. Iasi - Orhei and switched to defense. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front reached the river. Dniester and captured several bridgeheads on its West Bank. These fronts, as well as the Black Sea Fleet and Danube military flotilla, was tasked with the Task-Chishery Strategic Offensive Operation in order to defeat the major grouping of the German and Romanian troops, covered the Balkan direction.

Colonel-General Hans Friesner

In front of the Soviet troops, the group of army "South Ukraine" was defended under the command of the Colonel-General of Friesner. It included 2 army groups: "Veller" (8th German and 4th Romanian army, and the 17th German Army Corps) and Dumitresco (6th German and 3rd Romanian Army). In total, it numbered 900 thousand people, 7600 guns and mortars, over 400 tanks and assault tools and 810 combat aircraft (4th German air fleet and Romanian aviation). The enemy created a strong deep-energized defense, consisting of 3 - 4 defensive strips, linked to water obstacles and hilly terrain. Strong defensive Opportar washing Many cities and others settlements.

The operation has been laid on the troops of the 2nd (40th, 7th Guards, 27th, 52nd, 4th Guards, 53rd, 6th tank, 5th Air Army, 5th Guards Cavalry Corps, 23rd and 18th Tank Corps; Commander - Army General R. Ya. Malinovsky), 3rd (5th Impact, 57th, 37th, 46th and 17th Air Army , 7th and 4th Guards Mechanized Corps; Commander - Army General F. I. Tolbukhin) Ukrainian Fronts, Black Sea Fleet (Commander Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky) and Danube Military Flotilla (Commander - Counter Admiral S.G. Gorshkov). The actions of the fronts coordinated the representative of the TGK Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Soviet troops numbered 1250 thousand people, 16 thousand guns and mortars, 1870 tanks and self-propelled-artillery installations, 2,200 combat aircraft. In the stations of the opponent's defense breakthrough (on the 2nd Ukrainian front - 16 km, on the 3rd - 18 km), high operational densities of the upcoming troops were created - up to 240 guns and mortars and up to 56 tanks and self-propelled-artillery settings for 1 km of front .

According to the rate directive of October 2, 1944, the 2nd Ukrainian Front received the task to break through the defense of the enemy, inflicting the strength of the three general and tank armies on the Yaszy - Felchi. At the first stage of operation, the troops were to capture the crossing through the r. Prut and together with the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front, break the Chisinau group of the enemy, not allowing its departure, and then develop the offensive in the general direction to Fokshans, providing the right flank of the percussion group by the Carpathians.

The 3rd Ukrainian front was delivered to break through the defense of the enemy south of Bender and strike the forces of the troops of three general-army army in the direction of Hush, providing a shock grouping of the front from the south. At the first stage, they were in collaboration with the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian front defeat the Chisinau group of the enemy and master the frontier of Leonovo - Moldovan, and further develop the offensive in the overall direction to Reni and Izmail, not allowing the enemy's waste for the River Prut and Danube.

Tank and mechanized compounds fronts were asked to be used after a breakthrough of the opponent's defense for the faster capture of the crossing on the p. Prut, and the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps - for the forcing r. Serpent and ensuring the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front from the West. The Black Sea Fleet received the task of promoting the onset of the troops of the left wing of the 3rd Ukrainian front, to provide them with the forcing of the Dniester Limana, plant tactical landings, destroy the enemy ships. Danube flotilla was supposed to promote the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front in the forcing the Danube.

On August 20, at 7 o'clock 40 minutes after the powerful artillery and aviation preparation, the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts were transferred to the offensive, accompanied by a double firing shaft. At the same time, the assault aircraft with groups of 8-20 aircraft at intervals of 15 minutes caused bombing and assault strikes at the most powerful reference points and firing positions of the enemy artillery. Artillery preparation and blows of aviation turned out to be very effective. The firing enemy system was suppressed. The enemy suffered large losses in the vibrant strength and military equipment, especially on the main strip. The control of troops in the link Battalion - the regiment - Division was lost enemy. This favorable setting was used by the troops of shock groups of fronts for the development of high rates of occurrence and breakthrough of the tactical defense of the enemy in the shortest possible time.

The compounds of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in the first half of the day broke through two enemy defense stripes. In the lane of the 27th Army, Lieutenant General S. G. Trofimhenko began input to the breakthrough of the 6th tank army of Lieutenant General A. G. Kravchenko, which, despite all efforts, could not break away at the occurrence of a significant distance from infantry. This was due to the fact that the German advanced parts of the 1st Tank and the 18th Mining and Infantry Divisions, nominated from the operational reserve, occupied the defense on the approaches to the Mare ridge and together with the receding remnants of the crushed parts of the 5th and 76th infantry divisions provided resistance Soviet troops. Due to the fact that the enemy retained in his hands of ourselves, the 18th tank corps to enter into a breakthrough on the first day the operation was failed. The 5th Army Army General Colonel S. K. Goryunova, which produced 1580 aircraft-departures on this day, was provided to seriously with the coming Soviet troops.

The offensive of the 3rd Ukrainian Front was so rapid that his troops completed the outcome of the first day of operation of the first day of operation and reached the second defensive strip, in places embedded at a depth of 10 - 12 km and expanding the breakthrough front to 40 km. This created favorable conditions for the development of a rapid attack in the depth and for isolation of compounds of the 3rd Romanian army in order to subsequently defeat them in parts.

Parts of the 49th Guards Rifle Division of the 5th Impact Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on the Marsh during the Yas-Chisinau Operation (Moldova, the end of August 1944)

The enemy, seeking to break the beginning of the offensive, in the morning, on August 21, pulled the reserves and, relying on the second defense strip, inflicted Construdar in the troops of the 37th Army of Lieutenant General I. T. Shememin, imposing special hopes for the actions of its 13th tank division. However, all his attempts to stop our offensive turned out to be unsuccessful. Exhausting and cutting the enemy, the troops of the 37th army was determined by the settlement of Ermoklia, and the Opoch region came to the outcome of the day. The compounds of the 46th army by this time went to the area Alexandon.

On the second day of the operation, August 21, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front continued to expand and deepen the breakthrough. By the outcome of the day of the compound of the 27th and 6th tank armies captured the passes on the Mare ridge, and during the night they completed a breakthrough of the army defense strip of the enemy. The troops of the 52nd army of Lieutenant General K. A. Kotheyev by this time were traded by the major political and economic center of Romania - the city of Iasi, overcame all three enemy defensive stripes and went to the operational space. On the same day, the equestro-mechanized group and the 18th tank corps were introduced into the breakthrough, which moved to the development of success in the general direction on Housie.

Due to the success achieved by the impact grouping of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, his commander at 10 o'clock introduced on August 21 to a breakthrough in the 46th Army Strine The 4th Guards Mechanized Corps, which moved to the rapid persecution of the enemy and went to the end of the day Rilelen Rylene - Klyastitsy. At 16, in the 37th Army, its mobile group was introduced into the battle of the 37th armor - the 7th mechanized case, which, however, was not strong enough and the end of the day did not manage to break away from the rifle compounds. Nevertheless, during the 20th and 21 August, the troops of the strike group of the 3rd Ukrainian Front broke through the tactical defense of the enemy, the 13th tank division defeated his 13th tank division and, increasing the breakthrough to a depth of 40 - 50 km, created a real threat to the 6th German army from the 3rd Romanian. By the morning of August 22, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front were traded by the Range Mare and in the direction of the main blow to the operational space. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front achieved serious results. The opponent by this time spent all its operational reserves and did not have any major forces and means to counter the offensive of our troops.

In connection with the success achieved, the TGK rate on August 21 issued a directive in which he pointed out the need for the need for the combined efforts of two fronts to quickly close the ring of the enemy's environment in the Husha area, after which it is to narrow this ring to destroy or captivate the Chisinau enemy grouping. " Performing an indication of the rates, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian front continued to develop the offensive. On August 22, they were transferred to the offensive of the 4th Guards Army of Lieutenant General I. V. Galanina, who applied the main blow to the right flank along the eastern shore r. Rod. To the outcome of this day, the front troops deeply covered the enemy grouping in the area of \u200b\u200bYass and Chisinau from the West. On August 23, the compounds of the 27th Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front completed the task scheduled for five days. On the same day, the 6th tank army finished cleansing from the enemy of the city of Vasluju and, moving at 45 km south, took possession of the city of the chamorette. The troops of the 7th Guards Army General Colonel M. S. Shumilova completely overcame Targu - the Fruy fortified area and forced R. Seret, and the equal mechanized group of General Major S. I. Gorshkova liberated the Roman. The 73rd Rifle Corps of the 52nd Army on the same day took possession of Hushi.

Continuing the offensive on August 24, the troops of the 4th Guards and the 52nd armies and the 18th Tank Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front went to the river. Prut at the turn of West Hushes - Kotumori and connected with the advanced parts of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, completing the environment of a major enemy grouping. At the same time, the advanced troops of the 6th Tank Army captured the crossing on the r. Seret in the area of \u200b\u200bnorth of Fokshans and were more than 120 km from the troops of the 52nd Army and the 18th Tank Corps, acting on the inner front of the environment. On August 27, the 6th tank army broke through the defense of the enemy from the Fokshan gate and developed an offensive with the pace of 50 km and more than a day.

Moving groups and the 37th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on August 22 rapidly moved to the depths of enemy defense. The 7th mechanized case on this day with battles passed 80 km, following the task set for two days, and the 4th Guards Mechanized Case overcame 90 km. To the outcome of the day, the impact group of the front expanded the breakthrough to 170 km on the front and up to 70 km deep.

On the left wing of the front on the night of August 22, a group of General Bakhtina forced Dniester Liman and captured a narrow coastal strip. With the support of aviation and ship artillery of the Black Sea Fleet, the first echelons of the 46th Army were landed, the troops of which were defeated by the 310th Infantry Division of the enemy. In the setting situation, the commander of the enemy group of army "South Ukraine" requested the permits of the chief command of the land forces to remove the troops of the 6th and 3rd Romanian armies in positions equipped by p. Rod. Such permission was given to him only at night on August 22, but it turned out to be late. By the beginning of the departure of the specified armies (on the night of August 23), the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front had already been made to their rear and communications, and the next day they completed the surroundings of the 3rd Romanian Army (3 divisions and 1 brigade). On August 24, this army ceased to exist, many of its disparate units, understanding the meaninglessness of the resistance, was captured, and the parts that provided resistance were destroyed.

On the night of August 23, the Chisinau group of the opponent began to go to r. Rod. Finding it, the troops of the 5th shock army of the Lieutenant Army moved to the offensive, to the end of August 23rred to Chisinau, and the next day they freed him. Connections of the 57th Army by the morning of August 23 were captured by Bender and continued to strike to the rod. On the same day, the 7th mechanized body came out on the way of removing the enemy to r. Prut and ranked defense to the northeast, and the 4th Guards Mechanized Corps went to the northeast area and also took defense.

Thus, to the end of August 23, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front cut the main pathways of the 6th German army. The next day, the 37th Army was released to Prut and connected with the troops of the 52nd Army and the 18th Tank Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, thereby finally closed the internal front of the environment, where it turned out to be 7, 44, 52, 30 and partially 29th Army Corps of the enemy, as well as a number of other parts.

The German self-propelled-artillery installation of Hummel, destroyed as a result of the bombing of the German Colone with fuzasny bombs. YASSO-Kishinev offensive operation, 1944

Taking advantage of the indecisive actions of the 78th Rifle Corps of the 4th Guards Army, which was held along the rod, the enemy retained the crossing in the leaf area and north. This allowed him a part of the forces to leak to the West Bank. In the rear of the 52nd Army, north and south of Hushes, there were significant forces of the enemy. Bronzener Danube military flotilla, fulfilling his task, in the morning on August 24 broke through the Ochakov giro Danube to the port of Vilkov and seized them, and then Kilia.

The elimination of the main forces of the surrounded group of the enemy on the left bank of the rod was carried out by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on August 25 - 27. The destruction of the enemy grouping, broken on the right bank, was completed by the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front mainly by August 29. Only one major grouping of the enemy with a number of more than 10 thousand people managed to break through to the southwest, pass 70 km and go to the area north of Ajul-Noah. For its liquidation, 3 Rifle divisions of the 7th Guards Army were sent, the 23rd tank corps and other parts that completed the execution of this task on September 4.

In the period from 20 to 29 August, the troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, in cooperation with the Black Sea Fleet and the Danube military flotilla, defeated the main forces of the enemy Army Group "South Ukraine", liberated the Moldovan Republic and continued to develop the offensive in the central regions of Romania and Bulgaria borders.

In favorable conditions created by the prominent victories of the Red Army, the Democratic forces of Romania raised on August 23, 1944, armed uprising and overthrew the fascist regime of Antonescu. The next day, Romania came out of the war on the side of Germany and August 25 declared war. Romanian troops took part in battles with German invaders, now on the side of the Red Army.

Developing an offensive on the Bucharest and Izmail directions, the main forces of the 2nd Ukrainian and part of the forces of the 3rd Ukrainian fronts, breaking through the Fokshansky fortified area, August 27. Fokshansky seized. The next day they took the city of Brailov and the port of Sulin, and on August 29, together with the Black Sea Fleet, was traded by the port city of Constanta. On the same day, the mobile squad of the 46th Army joined Bucharest.

As a result of the successful implementation of the Yas-Chisinau operation, the Soviet troops completed the liberation of the Moldavian SSR and the Issrian Oblast of the USSR and derived Romania from the war on the side of Nazi Germany.

Again, during the campaign of the second half of 1944, following the breakthrough in Belarus, the strategic front of the enemy defense was broken. The defeat of the German troops created favorable conditions for the deep coverage of the entire southern wing of the strategic front of Germany. Ways to Hungary opened for the Soviet troops. The possibility of providing direct assistance to the Allied Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia appeared. There were favorable conditions for the deployment of the struggle against Nazi enslavers in Albania and Greece.

The Yaskovo-Chishene operation is perhaps one of the few large strategic operations of the Great Patriotic War, in which the victory over the enemy has been reached by relatively small victims. The 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts lost 12.5 thousand people, while the opponent as a result of the environment and destroying his group lost 18 divisions. Only the prisoners of Soviet troops captured 208,600 enemy soldiers and officers. This is a visual testimony of a high level of Soviet military art and combat skill of the command staff.

Compared with other surgery for the surroundings of the Great Patriotic War in the Yas-Chisinau operation, the fronts did not spray their efforts on the main and accessories, and each of them first carried out one, but an extremely powerful blow. The auxiliary strikes were applied only after the defense breakthrough in the main direction using the already formed bars to expand the front of the offensive.

The fighting of our aviation was held with its full domination in the air. This made it possible to reliably support and cover the advancing troops and apply the opponent's aviation big damage. So, during the operation, 124 air combat was conducted, as a result of which 172 enemy aircraft were shot down - 24.4% of the initial composition of its aviation grouping in this operation.

The Yas-Chisinau operation is characteristic of the skillful choice of directions of the main blows of fronts, decisive massage of forces and means, high rates of the offensive, the rapid environment and liquidation of large groupings, close interaction of the ground forces, aviation and the Navy forces. According to the results of operation, 126 compounds and parts were awarded the honorary names of Chisinau, Issic, Izmail, Fokshansky, Ramniki, Konstanzsky, and others.

In August 1944, our troops inflicted seventh blow - in the area of \u200b\u200bChisinau - Iasi where 22 German divisions were surrounded and defeated, forced to surrender the Romanian army. As a result of this operation, Moldova was completely liberated, Romania and Bulgaria were derived from the war.

70 years ago soviet army Released Moldovan SSR, brought Romania from the war and laid their own way to the Balkans. Yaskovo-Chisinau operation (August 20-29, 1944) became the seventh Stalinist blow. "YASSO-Chisinau Cannes" is considered one of the most successful Soviet operations during the Great Patriotic War. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front under the command of General Rodion of the Malinovsky and 3rd Ukrainian Front of General Fyodor Tolbukhina were able to destroy the main forces of the South Ukraine Army Group.

Prehistory. The political situation in the Balkans.

The situation in the Balkans during the war was complicated. Yugoslavia and Greece were occupied by German troops, Albania - Italians. Romania and Bulgaria chose to become the allies of the Third Reich. At the same time, the situation they had different. Romanian dictator Ion Antonescu and his supporters were active allies of Germany and dreamed with the help of Germans to realize the construction plan for the "Great Romania". Romanian nationalists, not having the opportunity to return the South Dobrudju and Northern Transylvania (they had to give up Bulgaria and Hungary), they wanted to maximize the losses of Romania at the expense of Soviet (Russian) territories.

In accordance with the German-Romanian treaty signed in Bender on August 30, 1941, a transnet was formed. Romanians received under their power the territory between the southern Bug and the Dniester. She included part of Vinnitsa, Odessa, Nikolaev regions of Ukraine and Left-Bank Moldova. In the future, the appetites of the Romanian radicals were played even more: they began to dream of accession to the "Great Romania" territories up to the Dnieper and even further. Some politicians agreed on the "Romanian Empire to the Gate of Asia", that is, to the Urals, demanding to create a "living space" for the Romanian nation.

However, these dreams crashed about the power of the Red Army. Romanian army suffered terrible losses during Stalingrad battle, Odessa and Crimean operations of 1944 (the third Stalinist strike. The liberation of Odessa; the third Stalinist blow. Battle for Crimea). Romania as a result of the offensive of the Soviet troops lost control over Northern Bessarabia and Odessa. At the end of March 1944, the fighting was transferred to the territory of Romania. In the summer, at the front temporarily set out the lull. Moscow suggested Romania a truce on their own terms, but the Romanian government categorically refused the world with the Soviet Union, continuing the war on the side of the German Empire.

Antonescu nervous, the situation was critical. He hinted Hitler that the best way out will be filled with England and the United States, focus all the strength against the Soviet Union. However, the Führer calmed it. Hitler promised that German troops would defend Romania as Germany itself. It is not surprising, considering that the main oil reserves were located in Romania. The defeat of the German-Romanian troops in the Yaskovo-Chisinau operation led to the fall of the Antonescu regime. Romanian king Mihai I, uniting with the anti-fascist opposition, ordered the arrest of Antonescu and the proper generals, brought Romania from the Hitler's coalition and announced the war to the third Reich. As a result, the Romanian army became the ally of the Red Army and fought on the USSR side in Hungary and Austria.

Bulgaria was an ally of Germany, but did not enter the war with the Soviet Union. Bulgarian Prime Minister and President of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Bogdan Filov was a big fan of Hitler. In 1941, he joined Bulgaria to Berlin Covenant and the Anti-Comintern Covenant. With the support of Berlin, Sofia returned South Dobrudju, lost during the Second Balkan War in 1913. In 1941, Bulgaria agreed to provide its territory of Wehrmachut for war against Greece and Yugoslavia. With the consent of Berlin and Rome, Bulgarian troops occupied territories in Macedonia and Northern Greece. As a result, "Great Bulgaria" was formed.

After the attack on the USSR, Berlin has repeatedly demanded from Sofia sending the Bulgarian troops to the eastern front. But the king Boris III took into account the traditional sympathies of the Bulgarian people to the Russians. Therefore, Bulgaria declared the war of Britain and the United States, but the USSR war was not declared. True, this neutrality was not complete. The Third Reich was able to develop deposits and mining in Bulgaria. Sofia introduced its territory for the basing of German troops, contained them, made it possible to use the entire infrastructure - airfields, railways, ports, etc.

After the root fracture in the war, the situation was aggravated. After Stalingrad and Kursk Arc, Adolf Hitler was looking for sources of replenishment of a living force, he wanted to use the Bulgarian Army on the Eastern Front. And King Boris realized that the Star of the Third Reich rolled out, and tried to interrupt the Union with Germany. He began to express ideas that Sofia can make a mediator between Berlin and allies in the world negotiations. In August 1943, the king flew to the Führer to Eastern Prussia. The essence of their conversation is unknown. On August 28, 1943, a few days after returning to Sofia, King Boris III suddenly died. According to the official version - from heart attack. About the true cause of historians argue to this day. Some believe that the Bulgarian Tsar poisoned the Nazis, trying to prevent the separatic negotiations of Bulgaria with allies. Others say that Boris overtook after a severe conversation with the Führer. The heart, weakened by alcohol, could not stand. Third adhere to the opinions that he was poisoned by their own approximate, supporters of the Union with Germany. They feared the change of political course, the loss of power and arrests.

The throne took 6-year king Simeon. From his name of the Rules Regent Council, who consisted of Brother Boris Prince Kirill, Prime Minister Filova and General Nikola Mikhov. All of them were supporters of the Union with Germany. Regent and New Prime Minister Dobri My God held loyal German politics. But a full-fledged union with Germany did not work. The Bulgarian army was not thrown into battle with the Soviet army. Tempors were afraid that the army would go to the side of the domestic front (coalition of anti-fascist forces) and turn the weapon against them themselves. Meanwhile, the opposition force has seriously increased. Rumors about the murder of the king, dissatisfaction with the registan policies and the defeat of Germany on the Eastern Front sharply multiplied the number of displeased.

May 18, 1944 soviet government He demanded from Sofia to stop providing the Hermann Army. The internal crisis and deterioration on the Eastern Front forced the Government of Bozilov to resign. The new government headed the representative of Agriana Ivan Bagryanov. The new government at the same time tried not to run into war with Germany, to pacify the USSR and the inner opposition and start negotiations with the United States and the United Kingdom.

On August 12, 1944, Moscow re-demanded from Sofia to stop providing assistance to Germany. August 26, when the defeat of the German troops in the Yaskin-Chisinau operation became obvious, the Bagryanov announced the neutrality of Bulgaria and demanded the withdrawal of German troops from the country. At the same time, the Bulgarian government did not take any measures to neutralize the German garrisons in Bulgaria and did not prevent the movement of the Wehrmacht. Therefore, the German troops retreating from Romania calmly passed through the Bulgarian territory in Yugoslavia.

Parts of the 49th Guards Rifle Division of the 5th Impact Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on Marsha during the Yas-Chisinau Operation

Situation at the front.

Completion of the Lviv-Sandomir operation (sixth Stalinist strike. Lviv-Sandomir operation) almost coincided with the beginning of the new onset of Soviet armies in the south-western strategic direction. On July 31, 1944, a military meeting on the preparation of a new onset of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts was held at the Supreme Commandment Supreme-Commission rate under the guidance of Joseph Stalin. The meeting was attended by the commanders of the fronts Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky and Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin. Also attended a representative of the rates on the south-west direction Semyon Konstantinovich Tymoshenko.

According to the memories of S. M. Shtemenko, the "highlight" of the plan of the Yaskovo-Chisinau operation was the idea of \u200b\u200bpowerful flanking strikes in order to surround and destroy the powerful Chisinau grouping of the enemy. The fact was that the German command expecting the main strike of the enemy in the Chisinau direction and focused on it the main forces of the Wehrmacht and the most combat-effective German divisions. Moreover, the troops were signed compact in the tactical zone. That is, the German command extended to repay the Soviet is the strongest first blow at a shallow depth. Apparently, the Germans planned that if it would be bad, they will be able to move back to positions that were preparing in the depths of defense. At the same time, the main German operational reserves were also for parrying of Soviet armies in the Chisinau direction. True, they were small and consisted of two infantry and one tank divisions. On the flanks of the Chisinau group, weaker Romanian army defended. Romanians have greatly inferior to the Germans in combat qualities. Romanian troops were much worse armed, trained and equipped. According to Soviet intelligence, the morale of Romanian soldiers was low. Many soldiers and even parts are tired of defeats, high losses and were configured against the Germans.

Therefore, at the meeting, the rates came to the conclusion that best option There will be flank strikes for the purpose of environment and destroying in a short time of the main forces of the South Ukraine Army Group in the Chisinau district. The first task was to achieve suddenness of the beginning of the offensive and the high rates of the onset of the Red Army. It was necessary to take the crossings across the River Prut earlier than would have time to use the enemy. To do this, it was necessary to attack at least 25 km in the knock. In order to ensure the rapid breakthrough of the Defense of the German-Romanian troops, it was decided to weaken all the secondary sections of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts and due to this to create a huge advantage on the breakthrough sites. In addition, the breakthrough plots themselves strongly reduced (on the 2nd Ukrainian front - 16 km, on the 3rd Ukrainian - 18 km), sharply intensify the density of artillery fire. High densities Artillery guaranteed a quick breakthrough of the enemy defense, and the development of success in the depths of crossing on the river Prut. Tank, mechanized and cavalry compounds are proposed to be used after a breakthrough of the enemy defense for the development of the offensive in the operational depth and the fastest capture of the crossing on the r. Prut, for forcing r. Syret. Stalin noted the large political importance of this operation. She had to influence Romania's policies and lead to her conclusion from the Hitler's coalition.

The situation facilitated the fact that the methodology of the Soviet rate is "Stalin's shocks", which were consistently applied first in one direction, and then on the other, fully justified itself. Belorusskaya (Operation "Bagration") and Lviv-Sandomir operations were on the extension (they ended on August 29), the offensive of the Soviet troops in these areas stalled. The German command hastily Latalo "holes", restored the collapsed line of the front, hastily throwing troops from Germany, Western Europe, "Quiet sites" of the Eastern Front. Including from the end of June to August 13, 12 divisions from Moldova were removed. And at this time, the Soviet armies rested, replenished with a living force and technique. The 2nd Ukrainian Front Marshal Malinovsky and the 3rd Ukrainian Marshal Tolbukhina prepared for a new offensive.

It is impossible to say that the preparation of the Soviet armies to the new offensive remained for the Germans full secret. The German and Romanian intelligence discovered some regrouping of Soviet troops, the delivery of ammunition and other formidable signs of approaching the opponent's offensive. However, the Soviet command was still able to deceive the Germans. To do this, disinformation about the preparing local operation, which will be aimed at leveling the front and capturing Chisinau. On the Chisinau direction in the radio, called "fresh parts" began to gligrate. Demonstrately conducted reconnaissance and including the battle. The German command believed. An existing reserves were pulled to Chisinau.

In addition, the behavior of the Romanian tip caused great fears at the command of the Army Army Group. The surroundings of King Romania Mihai I actively sought ways to rapprocherate with the powers of the anti-Hitler coalition. By August, a conspiracy against Antonescu was conceived led by the king. In the event of the beginning of the Greater Soviet offensive, the conspirators planned or convince the dictator to conclude a truce with the Soviet Union or to arrest it. Already on August 3, the Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine" Johannes Frisner, having received data that the Dictator of Antonescu at any time can overthrow sent a letter to Hitler. He offered to subjugate all the troops and military institutions in Romania. And also said that if fermentation will be observed in the Romanian troops at the front, it is necessary to immediately begin the disposal of the Army Group on the River on the Prut River, and then on the line of the Galatz, Fokshans, the sings of the Eastern Carpathians.

However, Hitler and Kaitel did not give such permission. They did not give the freser and the right of the commander-in-chief. True, Ribbentrop proposed to reassure the Romanian leadership to introduce a tank division to Bucharest. But there were no free tank divisions on the Eastern Front. Then they were offered to send the 4th police division of the SS to the Romanian capital from Yugoslavia, but Jodl spoke against this idea. He believed that the SS troops were needed to combat Serbian partisans and should not weaken the German troops in this area. In general, the idea of \u200b\u200bFrisner on the discharge of troops on the River Prut could facilitate the position of the South Ukraine Army Group, although it would not be prevented by Romania's exit from the Hitler coalition.

The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front lead an offensive under Yassami

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Soviet command. Soviet forces.

The Soviet command decided to apply the main blows on the flanks of the German group, on two far away from each other areas of the front. The operations were attended by the forces of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, the Black Sea Fleet under the post of Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky and Danube Military flotilla Council Admiral S. G. Gorshkov. The 2nd Ukrainian Front had to strike the North-West Iass, the 3rd Ukrainian Front - South Bender (Suvorov Mountain).

Troops of the fronts were to break through the defense of the enemy and to develop the offensive on the Husha - Vaslui district - Felchio to take into the ring of the environment and then destroy the main forces of the Chisinau group of the enemy. Soviet troops were then able to quickly develop an offensive in the depths of Romanian territory in the general direction to Fokshans, Izmail, not to give the enemy to leave for the Prut and Danube, and provide the right wing of the shock group by the Carpathians. The Black Sea Fleet was supposed to support the seaside flank of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, disrupt sea communications, to defeat the Navy enemy and with the help of aviation to attack the naval bases in Sulin and Constanta.

In the percussion grouping of the 2nd Ukrainian Front included 3 General (7th Guards, 27th and 52nd Army) and one tank army (6th tank army). In addition, the front had a number of mobile connections - the 18th separate tank case and the equestrian-mechanized group (its composition included the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps and the 23rd Tank Corps). Under the start of Malinovsky, the 40th, 4th Guards Army and the 5th Air Army were also located.

In the shock grouping of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, three general-official army was included - the 5th shock, 57th and 37th army. In addition, the front was the 46th Army, the 7th mechanized, the 4th Guards Mechanized Case. From the air, the front troops supported the 17th air army.

Total Soviet troops have more than 920 thousand soldiers and commanders, 1.4 thousand tanks and sau, 16.7 thousand guns and mortars, more than 1.7 thousand aircraft (according to other data, more than 1.2 million people, more than 1.8 thousand tanks and sau, 16 thousand guns and mortars, 2.2 thousand aircraft). Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet numbered about 700 aircraft. The Black Sea Fleet (including Danube Flotilla) had 1 linor, 4 cruisers, 6 destroyers, 30 submarines and 440 other ships and ships.

Germany.

Before the Red Army, the front defended the Army Group South Ukraine. She included two army groups: in the yoke - the group "Vyler" (the 8th German and 4th Romanian Army and the 17th German Army Corps were included in its composition) and in Chisinau - Dumitresco (6th German and 3rd Romanian Army). From the air, the Army Group South Ukraine supported the 4th air fleet. In total, the Army Group had 25 Germans (including 3 tank and 1 motorized), 22 Romanian divisions and 5 Romanian infantry brigades. German-Romanian troops numbered 643 thousand soldiers and officers in combat units (only about 900 thousand people), more than 400 tanks and sau, 7.6 thousand guns and mortars, more than 800 combat aircraft.

Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine" Johannes Frisner

Environment of Chisinau grouping.

On August 19, 1944, the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts conducted exploration. On the morning of August 20, artillery preparation began, soviet aviation Printed powerful blows along the defense sites, headquarters, clusters of the enemy's technique. At 7:40 minutes 40 minutes, Soviet troops supported by fire of artillery were transferred to the offensive. The onset of infantry and direct support tanks were also supported by the strikes of assault aviation, which caused strikes on firing positions and supporting points of the enemy.

According to the testimony of prisoners, artillery and aviation strikes had considerable success. In the breakthrough plots, the first strip of German defense was almost completely destroyed. Management at the level of the battalion - the regiment - the division was lost. Some German divisions lost to half of the personnel on the very first day of battles. This success was caused by the high concentration of fire funds in the breakthrough sites: up to 240 guns and mortars and up to 56 tanks and SAU for 1 km of front.

It should be noted that by August 1944 the Germans and Romanians prepared a deep defensive system with well-developed engineering structures on the territory of the Moldavian SSR and Romania. The tactical zone of defense consisted of two strips, and its depth reached 8-19 kilometers. For her, at a distance of 15-20 kilometers from the front edge, the Mare was held a third line of defense (line "Traian"). Two defensive turns were created on the western shores of the rivers, two defensive turns. Many cities, including Chisinau and Iasi, were prepared for circular defense and turned into real fortifications.

However, the German defense could not stop the offensive gust of the Soviet armies. The impact grouping of the 2nd Ukrainian Front broke through the main balance of the opponent's defense. The 27th Army under the command of Sergey Trophimenko, by the middle of the day, broke through and the second opponent's defense strip. The Soviet command introduced the 6th Tank Army under the command under the command of Andrei Kravchenko. After that, as the Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine", General Frisner, in the ranks of the German-Romanian troops "Incredible chaos" began ". The German command tried to suspend the offensive of the Soviet troops and reverse the course of the battle, operational reserves were thrown into battle - three infantry and tank divisions. However, German counterattacks could not change the situation, for the full-fledged counterpart of the forces, besides, Soviet troops were already well able to respond to such actions of the enemy. Malinovsky's troops came out to Iassam and tied the fight for the city.

Thus, during the first day of the offensive, our troops broke through the defense of the enemy, introduced into battle the second echelon and successfully developed the offensive. Six enemy divisions were defeated. The Soviet armies came out to the third enemy defense strip, which was held on a wooded ridge Mare.

The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front also successfully occurred, embedded in the defense of the enemy at the stake of the 6th German and 3rd Romanian armies. To the outcome of the first day of the offensive of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, the main lane of the enemy defense and began a breakthrough of the second strip. This created favorable opportunities for insulation of parts of the 3rd Romanian army in order to subsequent destruction.

On August 21, Soviet troops led hard battles on the Mar Ridge. From the go, break through the German defense of the 6th Tank Army failed. The compounds of the 7th Guards Army and the equestro-mechanized group led stubborn battles for Targu Fruoos, where the Germans created a powerful fortified area. To the outcome of the day of the troops of the 2-Ukrainian front, all three defensive bands of the enemy were overcome, two powerful enemy reprimands were taken - Iasi and Targu Frosmo. Soviet troops expanded the breakthrough to 65 km on the front and up to 40 km deep.

In the offensive band of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, the Germans inflicted Consturdar. The German command, trying to disrupt the Soviet offensive, in the morning of August 21, tightened the reserves and, relying on the second defense strip, defeated Constur. Special hopes assigned to the 13th Tank Division. However, the troops of the 37th Army reflected enemy counterattacks. In general, during the 20th and 21 August, the troops of the strike group of the 3rd Ukrainian Front broke through the tactical defense of the enemy, reflected his counterdashers, defeating the 13th tank division, and increased the breakthrough to a depth of 40-50 km. The front command introduced moving connections into breakthrough - the 4th Guards Mechanized Case in the 46th Army strip and the 7th mechanized body in the 37th Army strip.

Tanks of the 7th MK are fighting in the Yoszo-Chisheneous operation. Moldova August 1944

On August 21, the rate, fearing that the offensive will slow down and the enemy uses favorable conditions of the terrain, it will be able to pull all the available forces, delaying Soviet troops for a long time, published a directive in which several adjusted the tasks of the fronts. So that the Soviet troops are late with the river to the river and did not miss the possibility of the environment of the Chisinau group, the command of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts reminded that their main task at the first stage of the occurrence is the rapid creation of a round rings in the Husha area.

In the future, it was necessary to narrow the ring of the environment in order to destroy or captivate enemy troops. The rate directive was necessary, since with a quick breakthrough of German defense at the command of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, there was a temptation to continue the offensive on the romance line - Fokshani, and the 3rd Ukrainian Front - Tarutino - Galatz. The rate believed that the main forces and means of fronts should be used for the environment and liquidation of the Chisinau group. The destruction of this grouping and so discovered the road to the main economic and political centers of Romania. So it happened.

On the night of August 21 and the entire next day, the 6th tank army and the 18th tank corps pursued the enemy. Malinovsky's troops deepened in the defense of the enemy by 60 km and expanded the breakthrough to 120 km. The army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front rapidly advanced to Prut. Movable front connections deepened 80 km in the depths of the opponent's defense.

By the end of the second day, Tolbukhin's troops were isolated by the 6th German army from the 3rd Romanian. The main forces of the 6th German army fell into the ring of the environment in the village of Sela Leusheng. In the left wing of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, part of the 46th Army, with the support of the Danube military flotilla, the Dniester Liman successfully forced. On the night of August 22, Soviet warriors freed Akkerman and continued the offensive to the southwest.

Bombing of the Soviet aviation of the Romanian port of Constanta

Soviet boats of the Black Sea Fleet type MO-4 enter the port of Varna

Aviation actively operated: in two days of battles soviet pilots Made 6350 aircraft-departures. Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet caused strong blows According to German naval bases in Sulina and Constance. It should be noted that the entire operation of Soviet aviation fully dominated in the air. This made it possible to apply powerful air strikes on the enemy's troops, his rear, securely cover the advancing Soviet armies from the air and parry the actions of the German Air Force. In total during the operation, Soviet pilots shot down 172 German aircraft.

The command of the South Ukraine army team, analyzing the situation at the end of the first day of battles, decided to disagree the troops on the rear line on the river Prut. Frisner gave an order to retreat even without having received Hitler's consent. The troops are still chaotically retreat. On August 22, the High Command gave consent to the removal of troops. But it was too late. By this time, Soviet troops seized the main ways to depart chisinau grouping, it was doomed. In addition, the German command did not have strong mobile reserves, with the help of which it was possible to organize strong reblocking strikes. In this situation, the troops were necessary before the start of the Soviet offensive.

On August 23, the Soviet troops led battles to close the round ring and continued to move to the West. The 18th Tank Corps came to the Hushes area. The 7th Mechkorpus came to crossing the rod in the Leuishen area, and the 4th Guards Mechanized Corps - to Leovo. Parts of the Soviet 46th Army pushed the troops of the 3rd Romanian army to the Black Sea, to the Tatarbunard area. August 24, Romanian troops stopped resistance. On the same day, the ships of the Danube Military Flotilla land in the area of \u200b\u200bZhrabariya - Vilkovo. Also on August 24, part of the 5th shock army liberated Chisinau.

As a result, on August 24, the first stage of the strategic offensive operation was completed. The defensive frontiers of the enemy fell, the Yassely-Chisheven group was surrounded. The "boiler" fell 18 divisions from 25 in the Army Group "South Ukraine". In German defense, there was a huge breech, which there was nothing to cover. In Romania, there was a coup, Romanians began to fold the weapon or turn it against the Germans. By August 26, the entire territory of the Moldovan SSR was released from the Nazis.

German self-propelled-artillery installation of Hummel, destroyed by the bombing of the German column by fuzasny bombs

Naval coup in Romania. The destruction of the Chisinau grouping.

The calculation of Joseph Stalin on the fact that the main consequence of the successful occurrence of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts will be the "collapse" of the Romanian leadership fully justified. On the night of August 22, a secret meeting was held in the royal palace. In Nim, opposition figures were attended, including the Communists. It was decided to arrest Prime Minister Antonescu and other proper leaders. On August 23, returning from the front after the meeting with the command of the Army Group "South Ukraine", Antonescu was arrested.

Before arrest, he was going to spend an additional mobilization in the country and create a new line of defense together with Germans. At the same time they arrested many members of his office. King Mihai spoke on the radio with a speech, in which he announced that Romania was coming out of the war on the side of Germany and takes the conditions of the truce. The new government demanded the withdrawal of German troops from Romania. It should be noted that Stalin highly appreciated the courage Micah, the king after the end of the war was awarded the Order of Victory.

German diplomats and military mission were caught by surprise. The German command refused to fulfill the conclusion of the troops. Hitler was treated and demanded to punish traitors. German Air Force struck in the Romanian capital. However, attempts by German troops to take the strategic objects of Romania and the attack on the capital fell. There was no strength for such an operation. In addition, Romanians actively resisted. The government of Konstantin Senatisca announced a war of Germany and asked for help from the Soviet Union.

The front finally collapsed. Everywhere where Romanians defended, defensive orders collapsed. Soviet troops could safely move on. Began chaos. Any centralized leadership of German troops collapsed, the rear were cut off. Separate scattered combat groups of German compounds were forced to make their way to the West alone. From Romanian ports sailed to Bulgarian Varna and Burgas German ships, submarines, transports and boats stuffed with German soldiers. Another wave of saving German soldiers, mostly from the rear parts, jumped through the Danube.

At the same time, the German military-political leadership did not leave hope to keep at least part of Romania under his control. Already on August 24, Berlin announced the creation of the proper leadership, headed by the Fascist Organization "Iron Guard" Choria Simim. Adolf Hitler gave an order about the arrest of the Romanian king. Wehrmacht took the strategic oil production area of \u200b\u200bPloiesti. During September 24 - 29, 1944, stubborn battles were walking between German and Romanian troops. During these clashes, Romanians were able to capture more than 50 thousand Germans, including 14 generals.

The Soviet command was assisted by Romania: 50 divisions with the support of the main forces of the two air armies were aimed at helping the Romanian troops, which were resistant to the Germans. The remaining troops were left to eliminate the Chisinau group. Surrounded by German troops provided stubborn resistance.

They rushed to a breakthrough with the majority of infantry with the support of armored vehicles and artillery. We were looking for weaknesses in the rings of the environment. However, during a number of individual hot bobbies, German troops were defeated. By the end of August 27, the entire German group was destroyed. By 28 August, the part of the German group was eliminated, which was able to break into the western shore of Prut and tried to break through to the Carpathian Pass.

Meanwhile, the offensive of Soviet troops continued. The 2nd Ukrainian front step towards the North Transylvania and the Fokshan direction. On August 27, the Soviet troops occupied Fokshans and went on the approach to the clutch and Bucharest. Parts of the 46th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front developed an offensive on both shores of the Danube, cutting off the departure path of the broken German troops to Bucharest. The Black Sea Fleet and Danube Military Flotilla contributed to the onset of the ground forces, the tactical landings were planted, the opponents were lured with aviation. On August 27, Galatz was busy. On August 28, Soviet troops seized the cities of Breile and Sulin. On August 29, the Black Sea Fleet landing took the port of Constant. On the same day, the advanced squad of the 46th Army came to Bucharest. August 31, Soviet troops entered Bucharest. This Yaskin-Chisinau operation ended.

Residents of Bucharest welcome Soviet soldiers. The inscription on the large transparency can be translated as "Long live great Stalin - Brilliant leader of the Red Army "

Results.

Yaskovo-Chisinau operation ended with a complete victory of the Red Army. Germany suffered a major military-strategic, political and economic defeat. The troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, with the support of the Black Sea Fleet and the Danube military flotilla, defeated the main forces of the German Army Group "South Ukraine".

German-Romanian troops lost about 135 thousand people killed, injured and missing. More than 208 thousand people captured. 2 thousand guns, 340 tanks and assault guns, almost 18 thousand cars and other techniques, weapons were captured as trophies. Soviet troops lost more than 67 thousand people, of which over 13 thousand people were killed who disappeared, who died from diseases, etc.

Soviet troops freed the Izmail region of the Ukrainian SSR, the Modava SSR from the Hitler. Was removed from the war Romania. In favorable conditions created by the successes of Soviet fronts, Romanian progressive forces raised the uprising and overthrow the pro-person dictatorship of Antonescu. She moved to the side of the anti-Hitler coalition and entered into war with Germany. Although a significant part of Romania still remained in the hands of the German troops and the proper Romanian forces and battles for the country continued until the end of October 1944, it was a great success of Moscow. Romania will exhibit 535 thousand soldiers and officers against Germany and its allies.

For the Soviet troops, the path to the Balkans was opened. There was an opportunity to enter Hungary, to assist the Union Yugoslav partisans. There were favorable conditions for deploying the struggle in Czechoslovakia, Albania and Greece. Bulgaria refused the Union with Germany. On August 26, 1944, the Bulgarian government announced neutrality and demanded the withdrawal of German troops from Bulgaria.

On September 8, Bulgaria declared war in Germany. Yes, and Turkey took over. She observed neutrality, but was friendly Germany, and waited for its o'clock when it can be reached at the expense of Russia. Now for the preparation of the invasion of the Caucasus could be paid. Turks urgently took up friendship with the British and Americans.

From a military point of view, the Yas-Chisinau operation was one of the most successful operations of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. Yaszo-Chisinovian Cannes was characterized by a skillful choice of directions of the main blows of fronts, high levels The pace of occurrence, rapid surroundings and the destruction of a large grouping of the enemy.

Also, the operation was distinguished by the close and skillful interaction of all types of troops, high enemy losses, and relatively low losses of Soviet troops. The operation clearly showed a highly increased level of Soviet Military art, combat skills of the command staff and combat experience of soldiers.

Almost immediately after the liberation of Moldova, its economic recovery began. Moscow in 1944-1945 For these purposes, 448 million rubles allocated. First of all, the military with help local population Restored railway communication and bridges through the Dniester, which destroyed the retreating nicknames. During the war, there were equipment for restoring 22 enterprises, 286 collective farms began work. For the peasantry from Russia received seeds, cattle, horses, etc. All this contributed to the resumption of peaceful life in the republic. The Moldovan SSR contributed to the general victory over the enemy. After the liberation of the republic, more than 250 thousand people took volunteers to the front.

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,
16 thousand guns and mortars,
1870 tanks and sau,
2200 aircraft.

900 thousand people,
7600 guns and mortars
400 tanks and assault implements,
810 aircraft. Losses

"Ten Stalinist blows" (1944)
1. Leningrad-Novgorod 2. Dnipro-Carpathians 3. Crimea 4. Vyborg Petrozavodsk 5. Belarus 6. Lviv Sandomir 7. Yasi-Chisinau 8. Baltic 9. Eastern Carpathians 10. Petsamo-Kirkenes

Yaszo-Chisinau operationAlso known as YASSO-CISERIEV CANNE (August 29, 1944) - the strategic military operation of the Armed Forces of the USSR against Nazi Germany and Romania during the Great Patriotic War, with the aim of defeating the major German-Romanian group, which covered the Balkan direction, the liberation of Moldova and the withdrawal of Romania from the war. It is considered as one of the most successful Soviet operations during the Great Patriotic War, is among the "Ten Stalinist Blows". Ended the victory of the troops of the Red Army, the liberation of the Moldovan SSR and the full defeat of the enemy.

Furnishing before surgery

Putting forces

the USSR

• The 2nd Ukrainian Front (commander R. Ya. Malinovsky). It included the 27th Army, 40th Army, 52nd Army, 53rd Army, 4th Guards Army, 7th Guards Army, 6th Tank Army, 18th Separate Tank Corps and Connon Mechanized group. Aviation support to the front provided the 5th air army.
• The 3rd Ukrainian Front (commander F. I. Tolbukhin). It included the 37th Army, 46th Army, 57th Army, 5th Impact Army, 7th Mechanized Corps, 4th Guards Mechanized Case. Aviation support to the front provided the 17th air army, which contained 2,200 aircraft.
• The Black Sea Fleet (commander F. S. Oktyabrsky), which also included Danube military flotilla. The fleet had 1 battleship in its composition, 4 cruisers, 6 destroyers, 30 submarines and 440 ships of other classes. The Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet has been 691 plane.

Germany and Romania

• Army Group South Ukraine (Commander of Frisner). It included the 6th German Army, the 8th German Army, the 3rd Romanian Army, the 4th Romanian Army and the 17th Army German Corps - only 25 German, 22 Romanian divisions and 5 Romanian brigades. Aviation support for the troops rendered the 4th air fleet, which included 810 German and Romanian aircraft.

The Yaskin-Chisinau operation began early in the morning of August 20, 1944 from a powerful artillery offensive, the first part of which was to suppress the enemy defense before the infantry attack and tanks, and the second is in the artillery accompaniment of attack. At 7:50 minutes, the Soviet troops, accompanied by a double firing shaft, were transferred to the offensive from the Kitanskoye bridgehead and from the area west of Yass.

The artillery strike was so strong that the first strip of German defense was completely destroyed. Here, as describes the state of the German defense in his memories, one of the participants in those battles:

The offensive was supported by the blows of assault aviation at the most powerful reference points and the firing positions of the enemy artillery. Impact groups of the second Ukrainian front broke through the main thing, and the 27th Army by the middle of the day - and the second defense stripes.

In the onset of the 27th Army, the 6th tank army was introduced into the breakthrough, and in the ranks of the German Romanian troops, as the Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine", General Hans Frisner, "Incredible Chaos began". The German command, trying to stop the promotion of Soviet troops in the Yass area, threw three infantry and one tank divisions in counterattack. But it did not change the position. On the second day of the offensive, the impact grouping of the 2nd Ukrainian Front led a stubborn struggle for the third band on the Mare Ridge, and the 7th Guards Army and the Conno-Mechanized Group for Targu Fruoos. On August 21, the front troops expanded the breakthrough to 65 km along the front and up to 40 km deep and, overcoming all three defensive bands, mastered the cities of Iasi and Targu Fruomos, thereby taking two powerful fortified areas for the minimum term. The 3rd Ukrainian front successfully moved on the southern plot, at the stack of the 6th German and 3rd Romanian armies.

On August 20, in the breakthrough, Sergeant Alexander Shevchenko distinguished himself in the battles in the Targu Froumo district. The promotion of his company was under the threat of a breakdown because of the enemy's leading from Zotka. Attempts to suppress jot with artillery fire with closed fighter positions did not bring success. Then Shevchenko rushed to the ambrusura and closed it with his body, opening the road to the assault group. For a performed feat, Shevchenko was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

On August 24, the first stage of the strategic operation of two fronts was completed - a breakthrough of defense and the environment of the Yaskovo-Chisinau group of German-Romanian troops. To the outcome of the day, Soviet troops advanced to 130-140 km. In the environment turned out to be 18 divisions. August 24-26, the Red Army entered Leovo, Kagul, Kotovsk. By August 26, the entire territory of Moldova was occupied by Soviet troops.

In the fights for the liberation of Moldova, the title Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded more than 140 fighters and commanders. Six Soviet soldiers became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory: Alekseenko, A. Vinogradov, A. Gorskin, F. Dineev, N. Carasev and S. Skiba.

Naval coup in Romania. The defeat of the surrounded grouping

The lightning and crushing defeat of the German-Romanian troops under the Yassas and Chisinau to the limit aggravated the internal political situation in Romania. Ion Mode Antonescu lost all support in the country. Many of the highest state and military figures of Romania still at the end of July established a connection with opposition parties, anti-fascists, communists and began to discuss preparations for the uprising. The rapid development of events at the front accelerated the offensive of the anti-government uprising, which broke out on August 23 in Bucharest. King Mihai I took the side of the rebels, ordered the arrest of Antonescu and Pronocyst General. The new government of Konstantin Senatisku was formed with the participation of National Taranches, National Liberals, Social Democrats and Communists. The new government announced the exit of Romania from the war on the side of Germany, making the conditions of the world offered by the allies, and demanded from German troops as soon as possible to leave the country's territory. The German command refused to fulfill this requirement and attempted to suppress the uprising. On the morning of August 24, German aviation has subjected to Bucharest bombardment, and the German troops in the afternoon. The new Romanian government declared war in Germany and asked the Soviet Union to help.

The Soviet command sent 50 divisions and the main forces of both air armies deep into Romania to help the uprising, and 34 divisions were left to eliminate the surrounded grouping. To the end of August 27, the grouping has ceased to exist in east of a rod.

The offensive of Soviet troops on the outdoor front has increasingly increasingly. The troops of the second Ukrainian front developed success towards the Northern Transylvania and on the Fokshan direction, on August 27, Fokshans occupied and went on the approach to the flushes and Bucharest. Connections of the 46th Army of the Third Ukrainian Front, coming to the south on both shores of the Danube, cut off the ways of waste by the broken German troops to Bucharest. The Black Sea Fleet and Danube Military Flotilla contributed to the offensive of the troops, the landings were planted, they struck shutters with marine aviation. On August 28, the cities of Breile and Sulina were taken, on August 29, the Black Sea Navy, the Port of the Black Sea Fleet took the port and the main naval base of Romania Constanta. On this day, the elimination of the enemy's surrounded troops was completed west of the river Prut. This Yaskin-Chisinau operation ended.

The value and consequences of the operation

The Yassevskaya Operation had a great influence on the further course of the war in the Balkans. During her, the main forces of the South Ukraine army group were defeated, the Moldovan SSR and the Izmail region of the Ukrainian SSR were released from the war. Although by the end of August, most of Romania was still in the hands of the Germans and the Pronocyst Romanian forces, they could no longer be organized in the territory of the country of powerful defensive borders. On August 31, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front entered the Bucharest, occupied by Romanian rebels. Fights for Romania continued until the end of October 1944 (see Romanian Operation). On September 12, 1944, in Moscow, the Soviet government on behalf of allies - the USSR, Great Britain and the United States - signed an agreement on a truce with Romania.

Yaskovo-Chisinau operation entered the history of martial art as the "Yas-Chisinau Cannes". It was characterized by a skillful choice of directions of the main strikes of the fronts, a high rate of attack, the rapid environment and the elimination of a large grouping of the enemy, close interaction of all types of troops. According to the results of operation, 126 compounds and parts were awarded the honorary names of Chisinau, Issic, Izmail, Fokshansky, Ramniki, Konstanzsky and others. During the operation, the Soviet troops lost 12.5 thousand people, while the German and Romanian troops lost 18 divisions. 208600 German and Romanian soldiers and officers were captured.

Restoration of Moldova

Immediately after the completion of the Yaskin-Chisinau operation, the post-war restoration of Moldova farm began, on which 448 million rubles were allocated from the USSR budget in 1944-45. Socialist transformations started in 1940 and interrupted by the Romanian invasion were continued. By September 19, 1944, railway communication and bridges across the Dniester, blown out by the retreating German Romanian troops, were restored by the units of the Red Army with the help of the population. Received industry. In 1944-45, there were 22 large enterprises in Moldova. 226 collective farms in the left-bank districts and 60 state farms were restored. The peasantry received, mainly from Russia, a seed loan, cattle, horses, etc. However, the consequences of war and drought while maintaining a system of compulsory government films led to mass hunger and a sharp increase in population mortality.

The most significant help of Moldova, rendered to the Red Army, was the replenishment of its ranks by volunteers. After a successful completion of the Yaskin-Chisinau operation, 256.8 thousand inhabitants of the republic went to the front. The work of Moldovan enterprises for the needs of the army also had the importance.

Memory

see also

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Notes

1. Krivosheev G.F. . - Moscow: Olma-Press, 2001.
2. .
3. Novokhatsky I. M. Memories of the battery commander. - M.: Centerpolygraph, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-9524-2870-6.
9. Yaszo-Chisinau operation - article from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia.
10. History of the Republic of Moldova. From ancient times to this day. - 2002. - P. 240.
16. In Moldova, celebrated the 68th anniversary of the country's liberation -
17. Participants of the historic round table appealed to the Moon-Council of Chisinau with a request to return the name -

Sources

• History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. 1941-1945 - m., 1962. - T. 4.
• History of the Republic of Moldova. From ancient times to this day \u003d Istoria Republicii Moldova: DIN CELE MAI VECHI TIMPURI PINă îN ZILELE NOASTRE / Association of Moldova's scientists. N. Mescuck Spetar. - ed. 2nd, recycled and supplemented. - Chisinau: Elan Poligraf, 2002. - P. 239-242. - 360 p. - ISBN 9975-9719-5-4.
• Straight The history of Moldova .. - Chisinau: Tipografia Centrală, 2002. - P. 372-374. - 480 p. - ISBN 9975-9504-1-8.
• Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. - Chisinau: the main editorial office of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979. - P. 142-145.
• Kishinev. Encyclopedia. - Chisinau: Main edition of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. - P. 547-548.
• Friesner . - m .: Milivdat, 1966.

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An excerpt characterizing the Yaskovo-Chisinau operation

Princess Marya entered his father and went to bed. He lay high on his back, with his little, bony, covered with purple noded veins with handles on a blanket, with a strained left eye and with a rude eye, with fixed eyebrows and lips. He was all so thin, small and miserable. His face seemed to be shred or melted, crushed the devil. Princess Marya approached and kissed his hand. Left hand I squeezed her hand so that it was seen that he had long been waiting for her. He drew her hand, and his eyebrows and his lips became angry.
She looked frightened on him, trying to guess what he wanted from her. When she, a change, the position was moved, so the left eye saw her face, he calmed down, for a few seconds, not descending from her eyes. Then his lips and his tongue moved, the sounds were heard, and he began to talk, timidly and imploringly looking at her, apparently, fearing that she would not understand him.
Princess Marya, straining all the strength of attention, looked at him. The comic work, with whom he switched the tongue, forced the princess to Marre's eyes and hardly suppress sobs rising in her throat. He said something, repeating his words several times. Princess Mary could not understand them; But she tried to guess what he said, and repeated the elephant's questioningly to them.
- Gaga - battles ... battles ... - He repeated several times. It was impossible to understand these words. The doctor thought he guessed, and, repeating his words, asked: Princess is afraid? He shook his head negatively and repeated the same thing again ...
"Soul, soul hurts," the princess of Marya solved and said. He approvedly climbed, took her hand and began to press her to various places of his breast, as if looking for a real place for her.
- All thoughts! About you ... Thoughts - then he spoke much better and clearer than before, now, when he was sure that he was understood. Princess Marya pressed his head to his hand, trying to hide his sobs and tears.
He moved his hand on her hair.
"I called you all night ..." he said.
"If I knew ..." she said through tears. - I was afraid to enter.
He shook her hand.
- You did not sleep?
"No, I didn't sleep," said the princess Marya, hacking his head. I unwittingly obeying the Father, now she also said, tried to speak more signs and as if he was also working with difficulty tongue.
- Domestic ... - Or - Friend ... - Princess Mary could not disassemble; But, probably, according to his gaze, it was said was a tender, caressing the word he never said. - Why did not come?
"And I desired, wanted his death! - Thought Princess Marya. He paused.
- Thank you ... Daughter, friend ... For everything, for everything ... Forgive ... Thank you ... Forgive ... Thank you! .. - and tears flowed from his eyes. "Call Andryuha," he said suddenly, and something for children was a timid and incredulous expressed in his face in this case. He seemed to know himself that his demand does not make sense. So, at least, the princess Marya seemed.
"I received a letter from him," said Princess Marya.
He watched her with surprise and timidity.
- Where is he?
- He is in the army, Mon Pere, in Smolensk.
He was silent for a long time, closing his eyes; Then the affirmative, as it were, in response to their doubts, and in confirmation that he now understood and remembered, nodded his head and opened his eyes.
"Yes," he said clearly and quietly. Russia died! Taught! "And he again buried, and the tears flowed from his eyes." Princess Marya could not retain and cried too, looking at his face.
He closed his eyes again. Sobbing it stopped. He made a hand sign to the eyes; And Tikhon, who realized him, the departure of his tears.
Then he opened his eyes and said that no one could understand and finally understood and transferred one Tikhon. Princess Marya looked around the meaning of his words in the mood in which he spoke in a minute before that. She thought he was talking about Russia, then about Prince Andrei, then about her, about his grandson, then about his death. And from this she could not guess his words.
"Your white dress is put on, I love him," he said.
Understanding these words, Princess Marya buried even louder, and the doctor, taking her at her arm, brought it out of the room on the terrace, persuading her calm down and make preparations for departure. After the Prince of Marya came out of the prince, he again spoke about his son, about the war, about the sovereign, picked up angrily eyebrows, began to raise a hoarse voice, and the second and last blow was with him.
Princess Maria stopped on the terrace. The day was shaken, it was sunny and hot. She could not understand anything, nothing to think about anything, except for her passionate love for his father, love, whom she seemed to her, she did not know before this minute. She ran into the garden and, sobbing, ran down to the pond on a young planted by Prince Andrey, lime paths.
- Yes ... I ... I ... I. I wished his death. Yes, I wished to end soon ... I wanted to calm down ... And what would happen to me? To which peace, when he won't be, - mumbled out loud of Princess Marya, walking along the garden and hands with quick steps to the chest, from which sobbing convulsively broke out. Going around the garden a circle, which led her again to the house, she saw a Mal Bourienne towards her towards her (which remained in Boguchars and did not want to leave from there) and an unfamiliar man. It was the leader of the county, who came to the princess in order to present her all the need for a quick departure. Princess Marya listened and did not understand him; She introduced him to the house, offered him to have breakfast and sat down with him. Then, apologizing to the leader, she went to the door of the old prince. A doctor with an alarmed face came to her and said that it was impossible.
- Go, Princess, go, go!
Princess Marya went back to the garden and under the mountain of the pond, in the place where no one could see, sat down on the grass. She did not know how long she stayed there. Whose running female steps along the path forced her to wake up. She rose and saw that Dunyash, her maid, obviously, fledging for her, suddenly, as if frightened the type of his young lady, stopped.
"Sick, Princess ... Prince ..." Dunyasov said his voice.
"Now, I go, I go," Princess spoke to him, without giving the time of the Duny, to finish her what she had to say, and, trying not to see Dunyshi, ran to the house.
"Princess, the will of God is committed, you should be ready for everyone," said the leader, meeting her at the entrance door.
- Leave me. It is not true! She shouted viciously on him. Doctor wanted to stop her. She pushed him down and ran to the door. "And why do these people with frighteners stop me? I do not need anyone! And what do they do here? - She opened the door, and bright daylight In this afternoon, it terrified her. There were women and nanny in the room. They all pulled away from the bed, giving her the road. He lay still on the bed; but strict species His quiet face stopped the princess Mari on the verge of the room.
"No, he did not die, it can not be! - She told himself the princess of Mary, went to him and, overcoming the horror that embraced her, pressed his lips to his cheek. But she immediately pulled away from him. Instantly all the power of tenderness to him, which she felt in herself, disappeared and replaced by a feeling of horror to what was before her. "No, there is no more! He is not, but there is immediately, in the same place, where he was, something alien and hostile, some kind of terrible, terrifying and repelled secret ... - And, closing his face with his hands, Princess Marya fell on the hands of the doctor who supported her.
In the presence of Tikhon and Dr. Women, she was labeled what he was tied with a scarf head, so as not to establish an open mouth, and was tied up with the other hand-made feet. Then they dressed in a uniform with orders and put a small pursuing body on the table. God knows who and when it took care of it, but everything was done by itself. By the night, the coffin burned around the coffin, the coffin was covered, juniper was sprinkled on the floor, a printed prayer was put on a dead head, and a dece was sitting in the corner, reading a psalrty.
As the horses shake, crowd and snort over the dead horse, so in the living room around the coffin, the people of someone else's and their own - the leader, and the older, and women, and all with those who stopped frightened eyes were baptized and bowed, and kissed the cold and crustaceous hand of the old prince.

Bogucharovo was always, before the settlement in it, Prince Andrew, the gallazic imbey, and the men Bogucharovsky had a completely different character from Lisogorsk. They differed from them and talking, and clothing, and in the nravami. They were called steppe. The old prince praised them for their concern in work, when they came to extract cleaning in the Bald Mountains or dig ponds and ditch, but did not like them for their wildness.
The last stay in Bogucharov Prince Andrei, with his innovations - hospitals, schools and lightening of the lifestyle, did not soften their morals, but, on the contrary, they strengthened those traits of character that the old prince called wildness. Between them always went any unclear sense, then about the listing of them all in the Cossacks, then about the new faith, in which they will turn, then about the royal sheets of some, then on the oath of Pavel Petrovich in 1797 (which they said that then The will went out, but gentlemen were taken away), then about the existing seven years to reign Peter Feodorovich, in which everything will be voluntarily and so it will be just that nothing will be. Rumors about the war in Bonaparte and his invasions were connected to them with the same unclear ideas about the antichrist, the end of the world and clean will.
In the neighborhood of Bogucarov there were all large villages, stateless and rural landlords. Living in this area of \u200b\u200blandowners was very small; Very little was also yard and competent, and in the life of the peasants of this area were more noticeable and stronger than in others, those mysterious jets of people's Russian life, the causes and importance of which are inexplicable for contemporaries. One of these phenomena was manifested twenty years ago, the movement between the peasants of this area to the resettlement on some warm rivers. Hundreds of peasants, including Boguchars, began to sell their cattle suddenly and leave the families somewhere on southeast. As poultry fly somewhere behind the sea, these people with wives and children there, south-east, where none of them was. They climbed the caravans, milled, fled, and drove, and went there, on warm rivers. Many were punished, exiled to Siberia, many from the cold and hunger died along the road, many returned themselves, and the movement subsided by itself the same way as it began without an obvious reason. But underwater jets did not cease to flow in this the people and were going for some new powerhaving to manifest the same as strange, unexpectedly and at the same time simply, naturally and strongly. Now, in 1812, for a person who lived with the people, it was noticeable that these underwater jets produced a strong work and were close to manifestation.
Alpatych, having arrived in Bogucharov several time before the death of the old prince, noticed that there was an excitement between the people, and that, disgusting, what happened in the bald mountain lane on a sixtiethly radius, where all the peasants left (giving the Cossacks to ruin their villages), in the steppe strip , in Bogucharovskaya, the peasants, as heard it was, had intercourse with the French, received some papers that went between them, and remained on the ground. He knew through the devotees of the courtyard people who traveled the other day with the treated pit, who had a big impact on the world, returned to the news that the Cossacks ruining the villages from which the inhabitants come out, but that the French do not touch them. He knew that another man was brought yesterday even from the village of Volukhov - where the French were stood - paper from the French General, in which the inhabitants were announced that they would not be harmful and for everything they would be taken, they would pay, if they remain. In the proof of that man brought from Volukhov a hundred rubles to the assignments (he did not know that they were fake), issued to him forward for the hay.
Finally, the most important thing, Alpatych knew that on the very day, as he ordered the Strost to collect training for the export of the princes princes of Bogucharova, in the morning there was a girlfriend, on which it was not exported and wait. Meanwhile, time did not tolerate. The leader, on the day of the death of the prince, August 15, insisted by the Princess Mary on the fact that she left on the same day, since it became dangerous. He said that after the 16th he does not answer anything. On the day of the death of the prince he left in the evening, but he promised to come to the funeral for another day. But the next day he could not come, because, according to the news herself, the French suddenly moved away, and he only managed to take away his family from his estate and all valuable.
About thirty Bogucarov managed the elder of Dron, whom the old prince called the drone.
Dron was one of those strong physically and morally men, who, as soon as they enter the year, will turn the beard, so without changing, live up to sixty - seventy years, without one gray hair or a lack of tooth, the same straight and strong in sixty years , like thirty.
Dron, shortly after the relocation to the warm rivers, in which he participated, like others, was made by the old-fashioned burmistrome in Bogucharov and since then twenty-three years he has been perfect in this position. The men were afraid of him more than Barin. Gentlemen, and the old prince, and young, and the manager, respected him and jokingly called the Minister. In all the time of his service, Dron NN was not drunk, nor sick; Never after anyone's sleepless nights, nor after any works, did not show out the slightest fatigue and, not knowing the certificate, never forgetting a single account of money and pounds of flour on the huge drives that he sold, and no dick Bread on every tithing Bogucharovsky fields.
This Drona Alpatych, who came from the ruined bald mountains, called on the funeral of the prince and ordered him to prepare twelve horses under the crews of the princes and eighteen the supply under the turnover, which was supposed to be raised from Bogucharova. Although the men were workers, the fulfillment of orders could not meet difficulties, according to Alpathić, because in Boguchars there were two hundred and thirty paintings and men were wealthy. But the elder drone, having heard the order, silently lowered his eyes. Alpatych called him the men, whom he knew and from which he ordered to take the veil.
Dron answered that the horses in these men in the remuneration. Alpatych called other men, and those horses were not, according to Dron, were alone under the official bassings, others are powerless, the third horse came up from the nonsense. Horses, according to Dron, it was impossible to collect not only under the road, but also under the crews.
Alpatych looked attentively on the drone and frowned. As Dron was an exemplary old-fashioned man, and Alpatych was not afraid of twenty years by the prince's estates and was an exemplary manager. He was extremely able to understand the slightly needs and instincts of the people with whom he had, and therefore he was an excellent manager. Looking at the drone, he immediately realized that Dron's answers were not an expression of throne thoughts, but the expression of the general mood of the Bogucharovsky world, which the elder was already captured. But at the same time, he knew that the drone who was stuck and the world was supposed to hesitate between two camps - the Lord and Peasant. This oscillation he noticed in his glance, and therefore Alpatych, frowning, moved to Dron.
- You, drone, listen! - he said. - You don't tell me empty. His begging Prince Andrei Nikolaich ordered me to send all the people to and do not stay with the enemy, and the royal order is there. And who will remain, that tsar a traitor. Hear?
- I listen, - DRON answered, without raising his eyes.
Alpatych was not satisfied with this answer.
- Hey, Dron, I will be bad! - Alpatych said, shaking his head.
- Your power! - said Dron sadly.
- Hey, Dron, leave! - repeated Alpathych, taking out his hand because of the sinus and a solemn gesture pointing it to the floor under the feet of the drone. "I'm not what you try, I see all throughout the three ARSHI," he said, peering at the floor under the feet of Drone.
Dron was embarrassed, glance looked at Alpathić and again lowered his eyes.
"You're a nonsense, then leave the people to go to Moscow going to Moscow and they prepared the models tomorrow by the morning under the princess, and do not go for a gathering. Hear?
Dron suddenly fell into his feet.
- Jacob Alpatych, dismay! Take the keys from me, dismiss for Christ.
- Leave! - Alpatych said strictly. - I see under you through three Arsshin, "he repeated, knowing that his skill was walking behind bees, knowing when sowing Oats, and the fact that he knew how to please the old prince for twenty years ago, long ago acquired the fame of the sorcerer and that the ability to see him For three ARSHIs under a person attributed to the sorcerers.
Dron got up and wanted to say something, but Alpatych interrupted him:
- What did you think of it? And? .. What do you think? BUT?
- What do I have to do with the people? - said Dron. - Precisely at all. I am talking to them ...
"I say," said Alpatych. - Drink? - he asked short.
"All pretties, Jacob Alpatych: another barrel was brought.
- So you listen. I will go to the correction, and you are the people of the story, and so that they threw it, and so that the veils were.
- I listen, - answered Dron.
Alpatych did not insist more than Jacob. He led the people for a long time and knew that the main tool so that people would obey, was not to show him doubt that they could not obey. Having achieved from the drone of the submissive "listen with", Jacob Alpatych was satisfied with this, although he not only doubted, but was almost confident that the coupling without the help of the military team would not be delivered.
And indeed, by the evening, the courtyard was not collected. In the village of Kabak, there was a gathering again, and it was put on a gathering to sang horses into the forest and not to issue a supply. Nothing about this Princess, Alpatych ordered his own sting from those who came from the Bald Mountains and prepare these horses under the carriage princed, and he went to the authorities.

H.
After the funeral of the father, the Princess Maria was locked in his room and did not let anyone to him. The girl came to the door to say that Alpatych came to ask orders about the departure. (It was still before the conversation of Alpathić with drone.) Princess Marya raised from the sofa, on which she lay, and through the gated door said that she would never go anywhere and asks her left alone.
The windows of the room in which Princess Marya was west. She lay on the sofa face to the wall and, sorting out the buttons on a leather pillow, saw only this pillow, and her thoughts were focused on one thing: she thought about the irrevocability of death and about the very mental abomination she did not know so far and which was shown during the illness of her father. She wanted, but did not bother to pray, did not dare in that spiritual state in which she was, to contact God. She was lying in this position for a long time.
The sun went on the other side of the house and oblique evening rays in the open windows illuminated the room and part of the Safyanny pillow, which was watched by the Princess Marya. The course of thoughts suddenly suspended. It unconsciously raised, recovered the hair, got up and went to the window, unwittingly inhaling the coolness of a clear, but windy evening.
"Yes, now you are comfortable to admire the evening! There is no it, and no one will hurt you, "she said to himself, and dropping into a chair, she fell heads on the windowsill.
Someone with a gentle and quiet voice called her from the garden and kissed himself. She looked back. It was M Lle Bourienne, in a black dress and perlet. She quietly approached the princess Marya, with a sigh kissed her and immediately wept. Princess Marya looked at her. All the former collisions with her, jealousy to her, remembered the princes Marya; I remembered how lately he had changed to M Lle Bourienne, could not see her, and, it became like unjust were those reproaches that Princess Marya did her in his soul. "Yes, and if I, I wanted his death, condemn someone! She thought.
Princess Marya was brought together by the position of M LLE Bourienne, recently distant from her society, but at the same time depends on her and living in someone else's house. And she became sorry for her. She looked at her crotko and stretched her hand. M Lle Bourienne immediately sharpened, began to kiss her hand and talk about grief, comprehended by the princess, making himself a member of this grief. She said that the only consolation in her grief is that Princess allowed her to divide him with her. She said that all former misunderstandings should be destroyed before the great grief, that she feels clean before everyone and that he sees her love and gratitude from there. Princess listened to her, not understanding her words, but occasionally looking at her and listening to the sounds of her voice.
"Your position is doubly terribly, a nice princess," having packed a little, said M Lle Bourienne. - I understand that you could not and can not think about yourself; But my love for you is obliged to do this ... Alpatych was with you? He spoke about the departure? She asked.
Princess Marya did not answer. She did not understand where and who had to go. "Can I have something to do now, think about something? Isn't it all the same? She did not answer.
- You know, Chere Marie, - said M Lle Bourienne, - Do you know that we are in danger that we are surrounded by the French; Go now dangerous. If we go, we will almost probably captivate, and God knows ...
Princess Marya looked at his girlfriend, not understanding what she said.
"Ah, if anyone knew how I still don't care," she said. "Of course, I would never want to leave him ... Alpatych I told me something about departure ... Talk to him, I can't do anything, I don't want anything ...
- I told him. He hopes that we have time to leave tomorrow; But I think that now it would be better to stay here, "said M Lle Bourienne. - Because, you see, Chere Marie, get into the hands of soldiers or rioty men on the road - it would be terrible. - M Lle Bourienne took out an ad on non-Russian extraordinary paper of French General Ramo that the residents did not leave their homes that they would be given due to the French authorities, and she filed her princess.
"I think it is better to turn to this general," said M Lle Bourienne, "and I am sure that you will be given proper respect."
Princess Maria read the paper, and dry sobs cast her face.
- Through who did you get it? - she said.
- Probably learned that I am Frenchwoman by name, - Red, said M Lle Bourienne.
Princess Marya with paper in his hand rose from the window and with a pale face came out of the room and went to the former Cabinet of Prince Andrew.
"Dunyasha, call me Alpatycha, drone, somebody," said Princess Marya, "and tell Amal Karlovna, so that she doesn't enter me," she added, hearing the voice of M Lle Bourienne. - Hurry up to go! Riding more! - said Princess Mary, terrible thoughts that she could remain in the power of the French.
"So that Prince Andrei knew that she was in the power of the French! So that she, the daughter of Prince Nikolai Andreich Bolkonsky, asked Mr. General Ramo to give her the patronage and enjoyed his blessings! - This thought brought her horror, forced her to shudder, blush and feel not yet tested her seizures of malice and pride. Everything that was only heavy and, most importantly, offensive in her position, was brought to her. "They, the French, will settle in this house; Mr. General Ramo will take the Cabinet of Prince Andrei; It will be for fun to sort and read his letters and paper. M LLE BOURIENNE LUI FERA LES HONNEURS DE Bogucharovo. [Mademoiselle Bhuli will take it with honors in Bogucharov.] I will give a room from grace; The soldiers will ruin the fresh grave of the Father to remove crosses and stars from him; They will tell me about the victories over the Russians, will preferably express the sympathy of my grief ... - I thought the princess of Mary not with my thoughts, but feeling obliged to think about my father and brother's thoughts. For her, it was personally anyway, wherever to stay and what would be with it; But she felt at the same time the representative of his late father and Prince Andrew. She unwittingly thought their thoughts and felt their feelings. What would they say that they would do now, then she felt necessary to do. She went to the office of Prince Andrei and, trying to penetrate his thoughts, pondered her position.
The requirements of the life that she considered the father destroyed with the death of his father, suddenly with a new, still unknown force arose before Prince Marya and covered it. The agitated, red, she went around the room, demanding that Alpatych, then Mikhail Ivanovich, then Tikhon, then Drone. Dunyasha, nanny and all the girls could not say anything about what extent was that M LLE Bourienne announced. Alpatycha was not at home: he went to the bosses. Called by Mikhail Ivanovich, the architect, who appeared to the princess Marya with his worn eyes, could not tell her. He is accurate with the same smile of the consent with which he was accustomed to continue fifteen years to answer, not expressing his opinion, on the appeal of the old prince, answered the questions of the Princess Marya, so that nothing definite was not to withdraw from his answers. Called Old Bashdiner Tikhon, with the fallen and looked face, who worns the imprint of the incurable grief, answered "I listen to" the princessed Marya and barely restrained from sobbing, looking at her.

Yaszo-Chisinau operation
	Moldova, Eastern Romania
	Demanding victory of the USSR, the destruction of the German Romanian grouping of troops, the liberation of the territory of Moldova, the yield of Romania from the war
Opponents
	Germany
Commander
Tymoshenko S. K.	Friesner
Malinovsky R. Ya.	M. Fretter Pico
Tolbukhin F. I.
Oktyabrsky F. S.	I. Antonescu
Forces side
1,314,200 people, 16 thousand guns and mortars, 1870 tanks and sau, 2,200 aircraft.	900 thousand people, 7600 guns and mortars, 400 tanks and assault implements, 810 aircraft.
67 130 people, of which 13 197 were dead, dead and missing. 75 Tanks and SAU, 108 guns and mortars, 111 combat aircraft.	up to 135,000 people killed, wounded and missing, 208,600 people captive.

Yaszo-Chisinau operationAlso known as YASSO-CISERIEV CANNE (August 20, 1944) - the strategic military operation of the Armed Forces of the USSR against Nazi Germany and Romania during the Great Patriotic War, with the aim of defeating the major German-Romanian group, which covered the Balkan direction, the liberation of Moldova and the withdrawal of Romania from the war. It is considered as one of the most successful Soviet operations during the Great Patriotic War, is among the so-called "ten Stalin strikes".

Furnishing before surgery

By August 1944, for the Soviet troops in the Balkan direction there was a favorable environment for applying a decisive strike. The German command in the summer of 1944 passed 12 divisions to Belarus and Western Ukraine from this direction, thereby weakening the South Ukraine army group. Despite this, the German-Romanian command created a powerful deeply echelonized defense here, consisting of 3-4 defensive bands, linked to water obstacles and hilly terrain. Strong defensive structures were shued by many cities and other settlements of Moldova and East Romania.

The political situation in Romania was difficult to this time. On August 4, 1944 there was a meeting of the Romanian leader of Ion Antonescu with Hitler. At this meeting, Hitler assured the Romanian ally that the Wehrmacht would defend Romania as well as Germany. But, in turn, he demanded that the Antonescu's assurances are that, no matter how much circumstances are, Romania will remain the Allies of Reich and will assume the content of the German troops operating in the Romanian territory. However, in Romania itself, there was more and more dissatisfaction with the mode of Antonesska. Many have not believed in the development of events at the fronts successful for the countries and feared the threats of the occupation of Romania by Soviet troops.

The Soviet command believed that the Romanian troops, which were mainly located on the flanks, are less efficient than German. Therefore, it was decided to apply the main blow to the flanks on two far distant areas. The 2nd Ukrainian Front struck the North-West Iass, the 3rd Ukrainian Front - South Bender (Suvorov Mountain). At the same time it was necessary to convince the enemy that the main blow was supposed to be applied on a tactically more advantageous Chisinau direction. For this purpose, special operational disguises were developed and implemented. Developing the offensive on the ones converging to the District of Hushi-Wallaui - Felchiu directions, the fronts had to surround and destroy the main forces of the South Ukraine armies group, and then quickly move deep into Romania. The Black Sea Fleet had to provide fire support to the seaside flank of the third Ukrainian front, violate the coastal sea communications of Germany and Romania, destroy the enemy's ships and apply massive aviation strikes on the naval bases of Constanta and Sulin.

Putting forces

the USSR

• The 2nd Ukrainian Front (commander R. Ya. Malinovsky). It included the 27th Army, the 40th Army, 52nd Army, 53rd Army, 4th Guards Army, 7th Guards Army, 6th Tank Army, 18th Separate Tank Corps Contino-Mechanized Group. Aviation support to the front provided the 5th air army.
• The 3rd Ukrainian Front (commander F. I. Tolbukhin). It included the 37th Army, 46th Army, 57th Army, 5th Impact Army, 7th Mechanized Corps, 4th Guards Mechanized Case. Aviation support to the front provided the 17th air army, which contained 2,200 aircraft.
• The Black Sea Fleet (commander F. S. Oktyabrsky), which also included Danube military flotilla. The fleet had 1 battleship in its composition, 4 cruisers, 6 destroyers, 30 submarines and 440 ships of other classes. The Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet has been 691 plane.

Germany and Romania

• Army Group South Ukraine (Commander of Frisner). It included the 6th German Army, the 8th German Army, the 3rd Romanian Army, the 4th Romanian Army and the 193th Army Corps - only 25 German, 22 Romanian divisions and 5 Romanian brigades. Aviation support for the troops rendered the 4th air fleet, which included 810 German and Romanian aircraft.

The Yaskin-Chisinau operation began early in the morning of August 20, 1944 from a powerful artillery offensive, the first part of which was to suppress the enemy defense before the infantry attack and tanks, and the second is in the artillery accompaniment of attack. At 7:50 minutes, the Soviet troops, accompanied by a double firing shaft, were transferred to the offensive from the Kitanskoye bridgehead and from the area west of Yass.

The artillery strike was so strong that the first strip of German defense was completely destroyed. Here, as describes the state of the German defense in his memories, one of the participants in those battles:

The offensive was supported by the blows of assault aviation at the most powerful reference points and the firing positions of the enemy artillery. Impact groups of the second Ukrainian front broke through the main thing, and the 27th Army by the middle of the day - and the second defense stripes.

In the onset of the 27th Army, the 6th tank army was introduced into the breakthrough, and in the ranks of the German Romanian troops, as the Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine", General Hans Frisner, "Incredible Chaos began". The German command, trying to stop the promotion of Soviet troops in the Yass area, threw three infantry and one tank divisions in counterattack. But it did not change the position. On the second day of the offensive, the impact grouping of the 2nd Ukrainian Front led a stubborn struggle for the third band on the Mare Ridge, and the 7th Guards Army and the Conno-Mechanized Group for Targu Fruoos. On August 21, the front troops expanded the breakthrough to 65 km along the front and up to 40 km deep and, overcoming all three defensive bands, mastered the cities of Iasi and Targu Fruomos, thereby taking two powerful fortified areas for the minimum term. The 3rd Ukrainian front successfully moved on the southern plot, at the stack of the 6th German and 3rd Romanian armies.

On August 20, in the breakthrough, Sergeant Alexander Shevchenko distinguished himself in the battles in the Targu Froumo district. The promotion of his company was under the threat of a breakdown because of the enemy's leading from Zotka. Attempts to suppress jot with artillery fire with closed fighter positions did not bring success. Then Shevchenko rushed to the ambrusura and closed it with his body, opening the road to the assault group. For a performed feat, Shevchenko was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

On August 21, the TGC rate issued a directive, according to which it was necessary, "the combined efforts of two fronts faster to close the ring of the enemy's environment in the Husha area, after which it is to narrow this ring to destroy or captivate the Chisinau enemy grouping."

To the outcome of the second day of operation, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian front isolated the 6th German army from the 3rd Romanian, closed the ring of the surroundings of the 6th German army at the village of Leuchene. Her commander fled, throwing troops. Aviation helped the fronts. For two days, Soviet pilots made about 6,350 departures. Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet applied strikes on Romanian and German ships and bases in Constanta and Sulin. The German and Romanian troops suffered large losses in the lively strength and military equipment, especially on the main defense strip, and began to hastily retreat. In the first two days of operation, 7 Romanian and 2 German divisions were completely defeated.

The Commander of the Army Group "South Ukraine" Frisner, analyzing in detail the situation after the first day of the offensive of the Soviet troops, realized that the battle was not in favor of the Army Group and decided to take the army groups for the Prut and, despite the absence of the Hitler's order, brought his order to troops August 21. The next day, August 22, gave permission to the removal of the army groups and the general headquarters, but it was too late. By that time, the shock groups of Soviet fronts had already seized the main pathways to the West. The German command looked at the possibility of the surroundings of his troops in the district of Chisinau. On the night of August 22, the Seafarers of the Danube Military Flotily, together with the landing group of the 46th Army, successfully forced 11-kilometer Dniester Liman, liberated the city of Akkerman and began to develop an offensive in the south-west direction.

In battles distinguished themselves:

• for mastering the city of Bendera - the army of Lieutenant General Gagen, Major Skodunovich General, Major General Cruz; Artilleryrs of Major General Artillery Balaeva and Colonel Kovaleva; Pilters of Colonel Colonel Sudets.
• for mastering the city of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky (Akkerman) - the army of Lieutenant General Schemer, Lieutenant General Bakhtin, Colonel Nikitina, Colonel Vlasov, Lieutenant Colonel Smirnova; Artilleryrs General Major Artillery Alekseenko; Lieutenant Lieutenant Lieutenant Pilot Ermachenkov; Seafarers Counter-Admirallagorskova, Captain of the 1st Rank Davydova, Major Grigoriev; Colonel-Colonel Sappers, Colonel Nomatis, Colonel Pubyrevsky.

On August 23, the Soviet fronts led the fights to close the ring of the environment and continue the promotion on the outdoor front. The 18th Tank Corps on the same day came to the Hushi area, the 7th mechanized case - to crossbars through the rod in the Leuishen area, and the 4th Guards Mechanized Case - to Leovo. The 46th Army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front pushed the troops of the 3rd Romanian army to the Black Sea, and she stopped the resistance on August 24. On the same day, the ships of the Danube Military Flotilla landed a landing in Zabariya - Vilkovo. On August 24, the 5th shock army under the command of General N. E. Berzarina took Chisinau.

On August 24, the first stage of the strategic operation of two fronts was completed - a breakthrough of defense and the environment of the Yaskovo-Chisinau group of German-Romanian troops. To the outcome of the day, Soviet troops advanced to 130-140 km. In the environment turned out to be 18 divisions. August 24-26, the Red Army entered Leovo, Kagul, Kotovsk. By August 26, the entire territory of Moldova was occupied by Soviet troops.

In the fights for the liberation of Moldova, the title Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded more than 140 fighters and commanders. Six Soviet soldiers became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory: Alekseenko, A. Vinogradov, A. Gorskin, F. Dineev, A. Karayov and S. Skiba.

Naval coup in Romania. The defeat of the surrounded grouping

The lightning and crushing defeat of the German-Romanian troops under the Yassas and Chisinau to the limit aggravated the internal political situation in Romania. Ion Mode Antonescu lost all support in the country. Many of the highest state and military figures of Romania still at the end of July established a connection with opposition parties, anti-fascists, communists and began to discuss preparations for the uprising. The rapid development of events at the front accelerated the offensive of the anti-government uprising, which broke out on August 23 in Bucharest. King Mihai I took the side of the rebels, ordered the arrest of Antonescu of the Hepronocyst General. The new government of Konstantin Senatisku was formed with the participation of National Taranches, National Liberals, Social Democrats and Communists. The new government announced the exit of Romania from the war on the side of Germany, making the conditions of the world offered by the allies, and demanded from German troops as soon as possible to leave the country's territory. The German command refused to fulfill this requirement and attempted to suppress the uprising. On the morning of August 24, German aviation has subjected to Bucharest bombardment, and the German troops in the afternoon. The new Romanian government declared war in Germany and asked the Soviet Union to help.

The Soviet command sent 50 divisions and the main forces of both air armies deep into Romania to help the uprising, and 34 divisions were left to eliminate the surrounded grouping. To the end of August 27, the grouping has ceased to exist in east of a rod.

By August 28, the part of the German troops was destroyed, which was able to cross the western shore of Prut with the intention to break through to the Carpathian Pass.

The offensive of Soviet troops on the outdoor front has increasingly increasingly. The troops of the second Ukrainian front developed success towards the Northern Transylvania and on the Fokshan direction, on August 27, Fokshans occupied and went on the approach to the flushes and Bucharest. Connections of the 46th Army of the Third Ukrainian Front, coming to the south on both shores of the Danube, cut off the ways of waste by the broken German troops to Bucharest. The Black Sea Fleet and Danube Military Flotilla contributed to the offensive of the troops, the landings were planted, they struck shutters with marine aviation. On August 28, the cities of Breile and Sulina were taken, on August 29 - the port of Constanta. On this day, the elimination of the opponent's surrounded enemy troops was completed by the River Prut. This Yaskin-Chisinau operation ended.

The value and consequences of the operation

The Yassevskaya Operation had a great influence on the further course of the war in the Balkans. During her, the main forces of the South Ukraine army group were defeated, the Moldovan SSR and the Izmail region of the Ukrainian SSR were released from the war. Although by the end of August, most of Romania was still in the hands of the Germans and the Pronocyst Romanian forces, they could no longer be organized in the territory of the country of powerful defensive borders. On August 31, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front entered the Bucharest, occupied by Romanian rebels. Fights for Romania continued until the end of October 1944. On September 12, 1944, in Moscow, the Soviet government on behalf of allies - the USSR, Great Britain and the United States - signed an agreement on a truce with Romania.

Yaskovo-Chisinau operation entered the history of martial art as the "Yas-Chisinau Cannes". It was characterized by a skillful choice of directions of the main strikes of the fronts, a high rate of attack, the rapid environment and the elimination of a large grouping of the enemy, close interaction of all types of troops. According to the results of operation, 126 compounds and parts were awarded the honorary names of Chisinau, Issic, Izmail, Fokshansky, Ramniki, Konstanzsky and others. During the operation, the Soviet troops lost 12.5 thousand people, while the German and Romanian troops lost 18 divisions. 208600 German and Romanian soldiers and officers were captured.

Restoration of Moldova

Immediately after the completion of the Yaskin-Chisinau operation, the post-war restoration of Moldova farm began, on which 448 million rubles were allocated from the USSR budget in 1944-45. Socialist transformations started in 1940 and interrupted by the Romanian invasion were continued. By September 19, 1944, railway communication and bridges across the Dniester, blown out by the retreating German Romanian troops, were restored by the units of the Red Army with the help of the population. Received industry. In 1944-45, there were 22 large enterprises in Moldova. 226 collective farms in the left-bank districts and 60 state farms were restored. The peasantry received, mainly from Russia, a seed loan, cattle, horses, etc. However, the consequences of war and drought while maintaining a system of compulsory government films led to mass hunger and a sharp increase in population mortality.

The most significant help of Moldova, rendered to the Red Army, was the replenishment of its ranks by volunteers. After a successful completion of the Yaskin-Chisinau operation, 256.8 thousand inhabitants of the republic went to the front. The work of Moldovan enterprises for the needs of the army also had the importance.

Memory

• The name of the Hero of the Soviet Union, the participant in the Yaskovo-Chisinau operation Alexei Belsky in 1970 was called the street on Botanic. After the collapse of the USSR, this street was named Kuza-Vode in honor of the Lord, who united the Moldovan Principality with Valahia. In 2011, on the initiative of the residents of Kishinevskaya Street Kuza-Vodki (Belsky), the "League of Russian Youth of the Republic of Moldova" gathered and handed over 5,000 signatures to the mayor of Chisinau in support of the return of the Street Name. Subsequently, the initiative of the youth movement was supported by about 30 public organizations and political parties, among which Bashkan Gagauzia Mikhail Formuzal, PCRM, Patriot Party of Moldova, PSRM, SDPM, Part Three Strength, NSPM, Russian community of Moldova, Moldova's community and many others. Also, with the appeal of the return of the street name to Municipal Council, participants applied round tables "68 years of liberation Chisinau" and "Liberation of Moldova from the fascist invaders: 68 years later." Mayor Chisinau Dorin Kirtoaca has promised to consider this issue.
• August 25, 2012, in the village of Malinovskoye Rybansky district, named after the Hero of the USSR Rodion Malinovsky, were events dedicated to the anniversary of the Yas-Chisheven Operation.