Nature is renewed, a new year begins, the living awakens on the day of the holiday...
Almost 21,000 midshipmen and warrant officers serving in permanent readiness units will continue to serve in their ranks until they retire. They will not be affected by the announced abolition of the institution of ensigns and midshipmen, which is now being carried out as part of the optimization of the Armed Forces. Deputy Mikhail Musatov, a member of the Defense Committee of the State Duma of Russia, told RIA Novosti about this when talking about the results of a meeting of the committee with the participation of representatives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
More than once on the large anti-submarine ship (BPK) "Admiral Levchenko" I heard about a legendary man - senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk: with his own hands he does amazing things. The ship on which he appears, figuratively speaking, is doomed to success. Once, Vladimir Frolovich in the base on one of the BODs of his native compound carried out repairs that required at least factory intervention and ... a six-figure amount of capital investment.
Upon arrival on the ship, mechanical lieutenants are immediately sent for an interview with Komissarchuk. How does the "grandfather" meet the young lieutenant? How do you start a conversation with him?
- A midshipman can replace a sailor or a contract soldier, but not every contract soldier is able to become a midshipman today, - says Captain 2nd Rank Andrey Dergousov.
The Water Area Protection Brigade is unique in many ways. Of all the commanders, for example, in the guards division of artillery boats, only the commander of the Astrakhan MAK is an officer. The rest are midshipmen. A similar picture is in the minesweeper division.
The commanders, who were awarded orders, spoke warmly and respectfully about the midshipmen, stressed their important role in solving the tasks assigned to the crews. Dzhanunts, for example, noted the masters of military affairs, the foreman of the BCH-5 MPK turbo-engine team, midshipman Alexander Kukuruza, the foreman of the BCH-2 anti-aircraft missile system, senior midshipman Alexander Mikhnevich (by the way, the most experienced specialist in their division) and the technician of the electronic computing group of midshipman Yevgeny Novosad. And Captain 3rd Rank Igor Vorobyov named the senior boatswain, foremen of the rocket weapons, small anti-aircraft artillery and electronic warfare teams - senior warrant officers Valery Leskin, Viktor Shtefan, Valentin Nosatov and Dmitry Porvatov. Moreover, he noted that two of them still took the boat from the "industry" and introduced it into the permanent readiness forces. Their knowledge and experience are beyond doubt: they can get out of any difficult situations.
Of course, different midshipmen met. Some are rolling stone. A year or two - and they begin to be burdened by the service. But there are a lot of those for whom it has become the meaning of their whole life. On nuclear submarines, large anti-submarine ships, you can meet midshipmen who have already exceeded forty-five. Without exaggeration, the combat readiness of these submarines and ships largely rests on them.
Sequence of military rank in the Russian Imperial Navy
By the way, the new field uniform from Yudashkin obliged our servicemen to duplicate the insignia on their chests. There is an opinion that the “undersized” from the leadership do not see the ranks of our officers on their shoulders, and this is done for their convenience.
Hello from Frolovich
My phone call to the deputy commander of the Admiral Levchenko BOD for educational work, Captain 2nd Rank Alexander Rudenko, found the ship in the North Sea roadstead. In five hours, the ship was to leave the Kola Bay and head for the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Having exchanged a couple of phrases with me, Alexander Viktorovich suddenly said:
And you, by the way, greetings from Komissarchuk!
From Frolovich? - this came as a complete surprise, since I knew that back in February, the senior midshipman Komissarchuk was awarded an apartment in the Moscow region. So he hasn't quit yet?
He is standing next to me,” Rudenko said, passing the phone to Komissarchuk.
Vladimir Frolovich, what about the apartment?
Documents for Kupavna near Moscow were stuck somewhere in the "top" on approval, - an old acquaintance answered with sadness in his voice. “And here I am again leaving for another trip ...
Senior Warrant Officer Vladimir Komissarchuk, foreman of the BCH-5 engine group BPC Admiral Levchenko: in his eyes - experience, in his hands - the course of the ship, on his shoulders - midshipman's shoulder straps
More than once on the large anti-submarine ship (BPK) "Admiral Levchenko" I heard about a legendary man - senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk: with his own hands he does amazing things. The ship on which he appears, figuratively speaking, is doomed to success. Once, Vladimir Frolovich in the base on one of the BODs of his native compound carried out repairs that required at least factory intervention and ... a six-figure amount of capital investment.
There is no such malfunction, - testify in the electromechanical warhead of the Admiral Levchenko, - that would put Komissarchuk to a standstill ...
Senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk, foreman of the engine group, more than thirty years in the division of anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet. Since 1975! He started at the SKR project 159, then - the SKR project 1135. He passed almost all the ships of the formation. Ten military services and eight visits to foreign ports, not counting the "small" outings to the sea - this is for a month or two. And specifically on the "Admiral Levchenko" - from the beginning of the nineties. Ship veteran, in authority! It is not for nothing that on the door of the cabin of the commander of the BC-5, on a plate with the names of those living in it under the captain of the 2nd rank Kutashev, it appears: “Senior midshipman Komissarchuk V.F.”.
Many years ago, Vladimir Frolovich graduated from the Nikolaev Shipbuilding Institute with a degree in mechanical engineering for the repair and operation of gas turbine power plants. And after all, he could easily - with his golden hands and downright mechanical gift - make himself a more respectable career than choose the path of a naval midshipman.
No, - said the "grandfather", - somehow I like it more: knowing the weak points of the ship, eliminate them. Even at the moment, one thing will fly, then another. Technology gets old and wears out. Therefore, we invent something, improve it, make some innovations in ship technology, showing engineering thought, and strive to extend its service life.
In the electromechanical warhead of the Admiral Levchenko, Vladimir Frolovich is the oldest, which is why everyone respectfully calls him “grandfather”. The rest, as he himself says, "my children, I taught everyone." Even the head of the electromechanical service of the compound, Captain 1st Rank Yuri Sokol, a student of Frolovich, started next to him as a lieutenant. In a word, there are many in the division who learned from Komissarchuk the science of working with hardware. Some went up: they teach at naval engineering institutes, they themselves have already become heads of the "iron" - electromechanical - departments. Frolovich calls their names with special warmth - Lapshin Sasha, Mikhailov Volodya ...
"Admiral Levchenko" on a long voyage
Upon arrival on the ship, mechanical lieutenants are immediately sent for an interview with Komissarchuk. How does the "grandfather" meet the young lieutenant? How do you start a conversation with him?
Yes, from the main point - what is a gas turbine engine? - without a hint of any irony said the senior midshipman. - To find out if he has any idea about the subject of the upcoming service?
If he doesn’t answer, then it’s useless to work with him: he spent five years at the Naval Engineering Institute, “smoked a primer”, received a diploma beyond his merit and joined the fleet “without a king” and even the slightest mechanical knowledge in his head. And they can't be convinced anymore.
And Vladimir Frolovich determines by the eyes that the officer will be good: if they shine, it means that the guy has chosen a business to his liking and everything will work out with him with time and experience. For example, when the current commander of the BCH-5 BPC Severomorsk movement division, Senior Lieutenant Alexei Ryzhenin, came as a group commander in the Admiral Levchenko BC-5, it was immediately clear that the guy served with desire, strives for "mechanical" knowledge: he was not shy to ask questions, directly bombarded Frolovich with them. The crew then joked that Aleksey followed Komissarchuk like a thread for a needle.
After three decades of naval service, Vladimir Frolovich does not regret that this was the fate. Yes, higher education! But this is after military service and the school of technicians. When he became a midshipman, he entered the institute. He studied in absentia, in the intervals between military services he sent tests to the university. However, then it was impossible to get an officer's rank, since there was no military department at their institute. When the theoretical opportunity to become an officer appeared, age no longer allowed.
No, senior midshipman Vladimir Komissarchuk does not regret a fate similar to the fate of many of his peers, even because after so many years of service, a certificate for housing has been waiting for a long time. They finally rewarded me with an apartment, so the documents for it got stuck somewhere in the authorities. Therefore, on December 5, Frolovich set off on his next long-distance campaign. It is not customary for sailors to call him the last.
"Golden Fund" of the fleet
The transformations taking place in the Armed Forces affected the institution of midshipmen and ensigns, which appeared in the Soviet Army and Navy in 1972. With regard to the Navy, only "economic" posts that are not included in the states of forces and units of constant readiness will be reduced. The rest of the midshipmen of the sailing staff, ensigns of the Marine Corps and their equals will continue to serve in their ranks and in their positions until the completion of contracts or transfer to the reserve upon reaching the age limit for military service. This will preserve the combat capability of the fleet for the "transitional period".
First Assistant Officers
The forced abolition of the posts of midshipmen in the formation of diesel submarines of the Pacific Fleet, in the opinion of his chief of staff, Captain 2nd Rank Andrei Dergousov, would not have the best effect on the operation of military equipment and discipline in the crews of ships. By the way, in the professional development of Andrei Nikolayevich as a submarine officer, specialist and commander, this category of military personnel played a significant role. For example, the future chief of staff mastered the skill of torpedo attacks under the guidance of Senior Warrant Officer Valery Solomin. Even at the time of cadet practice in 1993, at demonstrative torpedo firing, an experienced foreman of the torpedo team felt like a fish in water, from beginning to end, unmistakably carrying out all the necessary actions for the commander of a mine-torpedo warhead. And later, the foreman of the bilge team, midshipman Mikhail Shakhmatov, set an example of a pedantic attitude to the entrusted material part - on the ship where the newly minted lieutenant Dergousov was assigned, no one knew better than midshipman drainage and drainage systems. The experience and knowledge gained from them was useful to the officer when, after leaving the nuclear-powered ships, he continued to serve on diesel submarines.
In the post of energy and survivability (PEZH) of the BPC "Marshal Shaposhnikov" (from left to right), foreman of the BC-5 machinist team, midshipman Nikolai PONOMAREV and foreman of the BC-5 gas turbine drivers, midshipman Andrey AGAREV
- A midshipman can replace a sailor or a contract soldier, but not every contract soldier is able to become a midshipman today, - says Captain 2nd Rank Andrey Dergousov.
In the submarine, midshipmen are the first assistants and deputy officers both in the operation of machines and mechanisms, and in the management of the warhead. And since in their position they are closer to the personnel, they simultaneously act as caring mentors for sailors and foremen. In addition, the very specificity of the service in the submarine requires constant participation and exertion of forces. In terms of its psychology, the current contract soldier is more comparable to a hired worker who, having worked out his due, wants to leave the hot shop as soon as possible. But even with the literal observance of all the conditions - the presence of authority among the commanders, love for the ship and military service, outstanding knowledge of technology and the ability to lead subordinates - earlier than seven years later, direct training on the ship of a good midshipman from a contract sailor will not work.
For example, the crew of Captain 2nd Rank Yuri Konkin not so long ago received instructions about the upcoming long-distance voyage. Despite the urgency and complexity of the task, the submariners calmly, without hassle, carried out the training cycle and left the base in a timely manner. And the fact that the boat successfully solves the tasks of combat service today is a great merit of the foreman of the torpedo team, senior warrant officer Alexei Dmitriev, the foreman of the hold team, senior warrant officer Yuri Kindeev, the radiotelegraph technician, midshipman Yevgeny Shevel, and the foreman of the team of electricians, midshipman Alexei Isypov - high-class, infinitely devoted to their the case of specialists.
Irreplaceable people, as you know, do not exist, - summed up the captain of the 2nd rank Dergousov. “However, in order for contractors to be able to prepare the boat and go to sea on it as midshipmen exactly at the same time and with the required quality, a qualitatively new level of their training is required.
In the Caspian Sea, they are judged not by shoulder straps, but by deeds
- It is still difficult to judge what the upcoming changes will look like in the context of the abolition of the institution of midshipmen: our business is to fulfill the order accurately and on time, - Chief of Staff of the Water Area Protection Brigade (OVR) of the Caspian Flotilla, Captain 2nd Rank Oleg Malkin did not avoid sharp corners in the conversation. - It is clear that the officers will have to reorganize psychologically. After all, an officer remembers the order of teachers from the school: upon arrival on the ship, it is necessary to learn the specialty and service from midshipmen. They are the "golden fund"! On their experience, knowledge and ability to work with sailors, the entire ship organization in many respects has been and is still holding on.The general mood of the midshipmen in the OVR is generally calm: from the replacement of two silver stars with the “bad” of the chief ship foreman on shoulder straps, little will change materially. But in the moral...
Foreman of the team of gunners BC-2 senior midshipman Nikolai TIMERGALIEV
The Water Area Protection Brigade is unique in many ways. Of all the commanders, for example, in the guards division of artillery boats, only the commander of the Astrakhan MAK is an officer. The rest are midshipmen. A similar picture is in the minesweeper division.
As a result, midshipmen command eight artillery boats and river minesweepers in the OVR brigade, although the staff provides for officers: the regular category of the owner of the navigation bridge is a senior lieutenant. However, as soon as a graduate of a higher education institution comes to a position, it is time for him to go on promotion in a year or two. And the ship organization only suffers from frequent command movements. Therefore, several years ago, the command of the flotilla decided to use the right to replace some of the junior officer positions with the most trained midshipmen. The experience turned out to be successful both in terms of increasing combat readiness and strengthening military discipline. The commanders of the boats and minesweepers of the guard, senior warrant officers Andrey Yemerov, Vyacheslav Chizhevsky, Grigory Fomin and Sergey Zavorotynsky, senior warrant officers Vasily Meshkov and Evgeny Ivanov proved themselves worthy.
It is difficult to judge what will happen next - the assistant commander of the AK-044 midshipman Oleg Tolkachev has already changed his mind a lot about his future service. “However, due to the fact that I will become, as expected, the ship's chief foreman, I will not leave the fleet. And as for prestige, I will say one thing: we in the brigade are judged not by shoulder straps, but by deeds.
The commander of the river minesweeper, Senior Warrant Officer Vasily Meshkov, on the navigation bridge is also not an accidental person. He served in Kamchatka, in his current position for more than five years:
You have to be in command under any circumstances. But in fact, the senior boatswain and I will be in equal ranks - the chief ship's foremen.
Now, if the positions of technicians, foremen of companies and teams, instructors, heads of training rooms can still be replaced by chief ship foremen, then with the commanders of boats, which by status are ships of the 4th rank, the situation is more complicated. There are many of them in the Caspian flotilla. In addition to eight boats and minesweepers, the OVR brigade also has "midshipman" landing craft of the "Serna" type. Diving and fire boats are also commanded by midshipmen. On such "ones" the abolished categories include assistant commanders and commanders of electromechanical combat units.
Socotra, The Wave, and Navy Veterans
- It is possible that today the fleet is simply not ready to suddenly abandon the midshipmen who serve on warships, - says the commander of the large anti-submarine ship "Marshal Shaposhnikov" of the Pacific Fleet, Captain 2nd Rank Andrei Kuznetsov. – And there is only one reason: there is no one to replace them.Indeed, in order to prepare a good specialist for service on a warship, it takes years. And most midshipmen tied their fate with the fleet, like officers, for life. Moreover, if an officer often changes his place of service in the course of his service career, then this category of military sailors, as a rule, is firmly tied to one ship. I can name many midshipmen who have served in the crew of the Marshal Shaposhnikov for more than a dozen years, starting with the urgent. Among them, for example, are the foremen of the teams of gas turbine drivers and the communications combat unit, midshipmen Andrey Agarev and Sergey Novikov.
And the foreman of the team of artillery radiometers, Senior Warrant Officer Nikolai Karpa, who will retire in a year (he is already over 40), taught me when he was a lieutenant, and now generously shares his experience with young people, including contract sailors.
Midshipmen are people who can not only maintain equipment and weapons, but also repair it without waiting for factory specialists. The same midshipman Agarev how many times rescued the crew at sea if something went wrong! Moreover, in their hands any, even out-of-date equipment, can function normally, which is important in the face of a shortage of financial resources for repairs or the purchase of a new one. I remember that in combat service in 2003 in the Indian Ocean, when we were stationed near the island of Socotra, we met with the patrol ship "Sharp-witted" of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, in whose crew several midshipmen served, to put it mildly, advanced. So, these veterans prepared the old Volna anti-aircraft missile system for the training battle in such a way that they shot back perfectly.
Of course, now the ship's composition is changing qualitatively, to replace the sailors serving on conscription, we are recruiting contract soldiers, which implies a gradual transition of the entire crew to a professional basis. But these young people are not yet ready to tie their fate with the Navy in such a knot, as our midshipmen did. In general, professional training contractors are not ready to replace the same team foremen in the near future. Again, this will take years and years.
Find an equivalent replacement?
We recently met with the commanders of three leading brigades of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation: protection of the water area, missile boats and rescue vessels, talked with the command of the naval helicopter regiment, representatives of personnel bodies. There is only one opinion: in the light of the planned changes, it will be very difficult to ensure the recruitment of crews with classy, trained specialists. The fact is that the maintenance of naval weapons and military equipment requires not only deep special knowledge, but also practical experience that comes with age. And the midshipmen, who have served on ships for a decade and a half to two decades (and some more) have mastered the technique to perfection and are fully on board with it. Bearers of practical experience, they are true professionals, a reliable support for the commanders of ships, regiments, squadrons, battalions and companies. If necessary, they replace officers. Moreover, young officers themselves often turn to experienced midshipmen for specific help.We recently visited two warships whose crews distinguished themselves during the operation to force Georgia to peace. These are the Suzdalets MPK of Captain 3rd Rank Vadim Dzhanunts and the missile boat of Captain 3rd Rank Igor Vorobyov.
According to the state, the commander of the landing boat of the "Serna" type is midshipman
The commanders, who were awarded orders, spoke warmly and respectfully about the midshipmen, stressed their important role in solving the tasks assigned to the crews. Dzhanunts, for example, noted the masters of military affairs, the foreman of the BCH-5 MPK turbo-engine team, midshipman Alexander Kukuruza, the foreman of the BCH-2 anti-aircraft missile system, senior midshipman Alexander Mikhnevich (by the way, the most experienced specialist in their division) and the technician of the electronic computing group of midshipman Yevgeny Novosad. And Captain 3rd Rank Igor Vorobyov named the senior boatswain, foremen of the rocket weapons, small anti-aircraft artillery and electronic warfare teams - senior warrant officers Valery Leskin, Viktor Shtefan, Valentin Nosatov and Dmitry Porvatov. Moreover, he noted that two of them still took the boat from the "industry" and introduced it into the permanent readiness forces. Their knowledge and experience are beyond doubt: they can get out of any difficult situations.
This kind of "bison" is also in the Marine Corps regiment of the Black Sea Fleet. These are ensigns who have visited Chechnya, Ingushetia and Georgia, in other "hot spots". Their combat experience is invaluable. They train the Marines in what is needed in the war. Officers listen to their advice.
We also visited the personnel department of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. In the department that deals with midshipmen and ensigns, they said that there are only orientations for midshipmen. And we are talking about the reduction of only 30 percent of the military in this category.
Looking into the future, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation: it will be difficult to recruit the required number of contract servicemen with Russian citizenship to serve on Ukrainian territory to replace midshipmen and warrant officers being transferred to the reserve.
Legendary "techies"
Captain 1st rank Anatoly Stupakov, head of the WMD organizational department of the headquarters of the Pacific Fleet, who at one time went from the commander of the BCH-3 to the commander of the MPK, says:Midshipmen appeared in the fleet in the early 70s of the last century when sailors and foremen were transferred to a three-year military service. The technique became more and more complicated, and midshipmen were appointed foremen of teams and group commanders. There were 15 of them on the IPC in the state. Of course, the boatswain, battalion and cook instructor can hardly be attributed to the technical composition of the crew. But the rest are 100% techies.
With great pleasure Anatoly Ivanovich recalls the experienced and reliable midshipmen with whom he happened to serve. For example, midshipman Vladimir Smolyanov was one of the best hydroacoustics at the Pacific Fleet. By the way, thanks to him, the brigade many times won the prize of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for the search and "destruction" of submarines. Smolyanov was one of the first to become a master of military affairs. Repeatedly, at maximum distances, he detected foreign submarines on duty near the border of our territorial waters. Many remember this and will confirm. But to prepare such a specialist, it took two years of study at the school of technicians and then at least three years of service on the ship. And running.
Most midshipmen honestly and conscientiously performed their duties, were an example for conscripts both in everyday life and in extreme situations, - says Captain 1st Rank Stupakov. - I remember what selflessness they showed when rescuing the survivors and the crew members of the small rocket ship "Musson" who found themselves in the water after the disaster. More than once I heard how confidently and fearlessly midshipmen acted during the fires that happened in the fleet. And there is nothing surprising in this: after all, the midshipman, who has served for several years on the ship, knows its structure very well, and in the combat post, the compartment orients itself with his eyes closed.
Instructor for parachute training of the Marine Corps of the Guard Ensign Madi TURASHEV
Of course, different midshipmen met. Some are rolling stone. A year or two - and they begin to be burdened by the service. But there are a lot of those for whom it has become the meaning of their whole life. On nuclear submarines, large anti-submarine ships, you can meet midshipmen who have already exceeded forty-five. Without exaggeration, the combat readiness of these submarines and ships largely rests on them.
In addition, on ships of the 3rd rank (for example, the MPK), warrant officers are on duty on the ship, can temporarily replace the commanders of combat units, and are appointed commanders of crews and emergency parties. Having a secondary technical education, then, having received a higher education, they often become officers. And even if they don’t, they still look like “almost officers” in the eyes of their subordinates.
For example, on the guards missile cruiser "Varyag" Lieutenant Oleg Strokov serves as a guard, who, as a young midshipman, accepted the ship from the "industry". Thanks to him, at the beginning of the 2000s, when the states changed, it was possible to write a new book of ship schedules with minimal effort. Because no one knows better its device and the organization of the ship. The ship's commanders, chief mates, assistants changed. Two, three, four years - and left. This is understandable: you need to grow! And Strokov is an old-timer of the ship. Therefore, he became one of the authors of the main document, according to which the crew now lives.
On the shore, Stupakov agrees, another midshipman or warrant officer can be replaced by a foreman, sergeant, and even a civilian. It is very difficult to do this on a ship. Technique is improving. There is work that the foreman is not capable of and that the officer will not do. Only midshipman. He will leave - and the specific mechanism will stop.
The foreman, depending on the specialty, can have a maximum of the fifth rank. If you put a midshipman in his position, who now has, for example, the ninth category, then he will lose money. Who will agree to this? There is only one way out: the midshipman in the position of foreman should receive allowances according to his previous rank. At the same time, we must not forget that the midshipman, after many years of service, has, according to the law, a number of social benefits. The foreman, who has served the same terms, does not have such benefits.
Servicemen in the Navy (Navy) of a number of countries.
The military qualifications and official position of the persons who were granted this title have changed several times. At first, the rank was assigned to the sailors of the sailing fleet who performed the corresponding position - midshipmen served on large sailboats approximately in the middle of the deck (hence the name of the position) and ensured the exact execution of the orders of the captain or watch officer by the team, to whom the set sails often limited the view of the middle and bow of the deck. To develop practice, candidates for the provision of an officer rank (midshipmen) were often appointed to this position.
In the Russian Navy, it was first introduced in the year as a non-commissioned officer rank. Since in (excluding 1751-1758, when midshipmen belonged to non-commissioned officers), midshipman - the first officer rank - answered the rank of lieutenant in the army. The rank of midshipman was granted to midshipmen who successfully passed the theoretical and practical exams. Midshipmen were appointed to the positions of commanders of artillery turrets of ships, commanders of anti-mine artillery plutongs, navigators of small warships, etc.
In Soviet times, the military rank of midshipman was first introduced by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 30, as the highest rank for foremen of the Navy, naval units of the border and internal troops. This decision was in effect for one year. In connection with the introduction from January 1, 1972 in the Armed Forces of the USSR of the institute of ensigns and midshipmen (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 18), military personnel with the rank of midshipman began to be represented as a separate category of personnel of the Navy and naval units of the border troops. In terms of their official position, duties and rights, they, like warrant officers, who have a status close to junior officers, are their closest assistants and bosses for sailors (soldiers) and foremen (sergeants) of the same ship (unit) with them.
The rank of midshipman is usually granted after graduating from the relevant schools (courses). The military rank of midshipman also exists in the Navy (Navy) of other states. However, it should be borne in mind that the English-language "Ensign", which is usually translated into Ukrainian as "midshipman", is responsible for the rank of lieutenant of the Ukrainian Navy (there is no analogue to junior lieutenant in most countries), and the Ukrainian "midshipman" corresponds in rank to the rank of warrant - officer (English) Warrant officer) in English-speaking countries.
As for the title "Midshipman", from which the word "midshipman" is derived, in English-speaking countries it has fallen into disuse in the regular fleet. In the UK, this title is awarded to cadets of the senior course of the naval college, in the USA - to cadets of the naval school (naval academy).
Literature
- Soviet military encyclopedia LINE-OBJECT / / = (Soviet military encyclopedia) / Marshal of the Soviet Union NV Ogarkov - chairman. - M.: Military Publishing, 1978. - T. 5. - S. 332. - ISBN 00101-134(Rus.)
Both in the land army and in the navy there is a system of officer ranks and ranks. Midshipman - who is this in the system of ranks of the Navy? From the article you can find out the answer to this question, as well as get acquainted with other ship ranks.
Origin of the word
Who is this midshipman, and where did this concept come from?
"Midshipman" is literally translated from English as "a middle man on a ship" or "in the middle of a ship".
This rank in the Navy dates back to the days of sailing shipbuilding. On large multi-masted ships, one person usually served in the middle of the deck. He was called midshipman. His duty was to monitor the strict observance by the crew of the ship of the orders of the captain or chief. Wide sails usually blocked people's view of some parts of the ship. Therefore, the midshipman served, in fact, as a link between the leadership of the ship and his subordinates - the sailors.
Most often, this position was given to those sailors who were candidates for the officer corps - it allowed them to gain practice and experience.
Title history
The role of the midshipman and the scope of his duties have changed several times. In the Russian Navy, this position first appeared in 1716 as a non-commissioned officer. Subsequently, this rank began to be considered a junior chief officer, approximately corresponding to the rank of lieutenant. This was the case until 1917.
In 1981, the title of senior midshipman appeared for the first time in the USSR.
The words "reserve" or "retired" were added to the military rank of a retired citizen.
In 2009, the government of the Russian Federation announced that the ranks of warrant officer and warrant officer would be abolished from the country's military forces and replaced by sergeants and foremen. All representatives of these ranks, who served at that time, were transferred to other positions or written off to the reserve. However, three years ago, a statement was made to restore them to their original rank.
The title was usually awarded after graduating from midshipman schools.
Ship ranks in the Navy of the Russian Federation
In our time, the midshipman - who is this on the ship? Ranks and ranks in the fleet of the Russian Federation are a very voluminous structure.
The lowest employee on the ship is the sailor. His duties include keeping watch, monitoring life-saving appliances, tools, weapons. He also controls the deck mechanisms, helps with loading and unloading, monitors the cleanliness and order on the ship.
Following the sailor is the foreman. It includes ship foremen, midshipman and senior midshipman.
Then follows which includes lieutenants of various ranks.
And the highest ranks: admirals, including the admiral of the fleet, the highest military rank in the Russian naval forces.
Thus, midshipman is one of the junior ranks in the navy. It is not an officer rank, but close to it. Nevertheless, even to become a midshipman, it is necessary to go a few steps from the lowest ship position - a sailor.
To receive this title, you must serve on the ship for at least three years in the lower ranks. However, if there are certain merits, this period may be reduced.
In the modern system of insignia on midshipman's shoulder straps, there are two stars on a black background. Senior midshipmen have three stars.
In the land army, this rank roughly corresponds to an ensign.
Duties
Having figured out who this midshipman is, it is worth dwelling on his immediate official duties.
In fact, his job descriptions remained the same as in the past. This rank is close to the officer rank, so the midshipman is an intermediary in the transfer of orders from the top management to the lower ship ranks. He exercises control over the execution of officer instructions by sailors and foremen. In addition, he monitors the ship's property and keeps records of it.
The rank of midshipman is not only in the Navy of the Russian Federation, but also in other states - the United Kingdom, the USA, etc. It is awarded to graduates of naval educational institutions.
Conclusions on the article:
- Midshipman - a non-officer rank of the Navy, above ship foremen, but below any officer.
- In terms of duties, this is an intermediary between the officers and the lower ship ranks.
- Historically, the rank has changed, becoming either an officer or not.
- In the land army, the warrant officer corresponds to the midshipman.
(hence the name of the position) and ensured the exact execution of the orders of the captain or watch officer by the team, which the set sails often limited the view of the middle and bow of the deck. To develop practice, candidates for production to the officer rank (midshipmen) were often appointed to this position.
The military rank of midshipman exists today in the Navy (Navy) of some other states. In Great Britain, for example, it is assigned to senior cadets of a naval college, in the USA - to cadets of a naval school (naval academy).
Russia
| 100px | junior ranks: | Midshipman | Senior rank: |
| Chief boatswain Midshipman Conductor Senior paramedic |
Lieutenant |
In the Russian Navy, the rank of midshipman was first introduced in 1716 as a non-commissioned officer.
Subsequently, from to (excluding 1751−1758, when midshipmen again referred to non-commissioned officers) midshipman - the first chief officer rank in the navy, corresponded to a lieutenant in the army.
The rank of midshipman was awarded to midshipmen who successfully passed the theoretical and practical exams. Midshipmen were appointed to the positions of commanders of artillery towers of ships, commanders of anti-mine artillery plutongs, navigators of small warships, and so on. [[To: Wikipedia: Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[C:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] [ ]
the USSR
In Soviet times, the military rank of midshipman was first introduced by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 30, 1940 as the highest rank for foremen of the Navy, naval units of the border and internal troops. This regulation was in effect until 1972.
Prior to the introduction of shoulder straps in 1943, midshipmen's insignia were sleeve patches - four stripes of a narrow golden galloon under a red cloth star.
In 1943, in connection with the introduction of shoulder straps in the Armed Forces of the USSR, for midshipmen, removable shoulder straps were installed on a button with a trapezoidal upper cut, with the so-called "foreman's hammer": a narrow golden galloon along the longitudinal axis to the intersection with a wide transverse galloon in the upper third of the shoulder strap.
Subsequently, the form of shoulder straps and insignia on them changed.
In 1955, sewn-on shoulder straps were introduced on the overcoat and tunic (double-breasted uniform) without buttons with an oblique upper cut, the narrow longitudinal galloon was replaced by a wider one.
In 1963, the insignia on shoulder straps were changed: the transverse braid was canceled, and the longitudinal one reached the top cut.
In connection with the introduction of ensigns and midshipmen in the Armed Forces of the USSR from January 1, 1972 (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 18, 1971), military personnel with the rank of midshipman became a separate category of personnel of the Navy (on ships, ships, in coastal units of combat support of the Navy) and naval units of the border and internal troops. In their official position, duties and rights, they, like warrant officers, have a status close to junior officers, they are their closest assistants and bosses for sailors (soldiers) and foremen (sergeants) of the same ship (unit).
In this regard, the insignia of the midshipmen changed - for them shoulder straps of a new sample were introduced without gaps, on which two stars are located along the longitudinal axis.
On January 12, 1981, the military rank senior midshipman(simultaneously with the introduction of the rank of senior warrant officer in the Soviet Army, coastal units and aviation of the Navy, border and internal troops of the USSR Armed Forces), for which shoulder straps of a new type were introduced: without gaps, on which three stars are located along the longitudinal axis.
Insignia of midshipmen, USSR
| Midshipman | Senior midshipman | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100px | 50px | 50px | 55px | 55px | 55px | 55px | |
| Sleeve insignia (1940-1943) |
Shoulder strap (1943-1953) |
Shoulder strap (1954-1957) |
Shoulder strap (1957-1971) |
Shoulder strap (1971-1994) |
Shoulder strap (1981-1994) |
||
After the collapse of the USSR, these ranks were retained in the Russian Armed Forces and in most republics in the post-Soviet space.
Before the military rank of a serviceman serving in a guards military unit, on a guards ship, the word "guards" is added.
To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words "reserve" or "retired" are added, respectively.
the Russian Federation
A midshipman in the Navy of the Russian Federation is higher in rank than a chief foreman and lower than a senior midshipman, who, in turn, is lower than a junior lieutenant.
The rank of midshipman, as a rule, is awarded upon completion of the relevant schools (courses). Shoulder straps of midshipmen of the Navy of the Russian Federation since 1994
| Midshipman | Senior midshipman | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| (VO-6) | (VO-7) | ← NATO rank code |
| 55px | 55px | Universal shoulder strap (removable and sewn on) for outerwear (1994−2010), removable epaulette on a demi-season raincoat, blue tunic and woolen jacket (since 2010) |
| 55px | 55px | Shoulder strap on a jacket, a demi-season raincoat and an overcoat, for a jacket, a demi-season jacket and a woolen coat(since 2010) |
see also
Write a review on the article "Midshipman"
Notes
Literature
- Michman // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- // Line of adaptive radio communication - Objective air defense / [under the general. ed. N. V. Ogarkova]. - M. : Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1978. - (Soviet military encyclopedia: [in 8 volumes]; 1976-1980, vol. 5).
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
An excerpt characterizing Midshipman
And here, on the ground, in a lonely empty cave, on a round pebble, hunched over, a man was sitting... He looked quite small. And very scared. Bitterly, weeping angrily, he furiously rubbed his evil tears with his fists and swore in his childish soul that such a day would come when he would grow up, and then he would certainly correct the “wrong” world of adults ... Make it joyful and good! This little man was Beloyar... a great descendant of Radomir and Magdalena. Small, lost in the world of big people, crying Man...Everything I heard from the lips of the North once again flooded my heart with sadness ... I asked myself again and again - are all these irreparable losses really natural? .. Is there really no way to rid the world of evil spirits and malice ?!. All this terrible machine of global killing made the blood run cold, leaving no hope of salvation. But at the same time, a powerful stream of life-giving force flowed from somewhere into my wounded soul, opening every cell in it, every breath to fight against traitors, cowards and scoundrels! .. With those who killed the pure and brave, without hesitation, by any means, if only to destroy everyone who could be dangerous for them ...
Tell me more, Sever! Tell me, please, about Qatar... How long did they live without their Guiding Star, without Magdalene?
But Sever suddenly became agitated for some reason and answered tensely:
– Forgive me, Isidora, but I think I will tell you all this later… I cannot stay here any longer. Please hold on my friend. Whatever happens, try to be strong...
And, softly melting, he left with a “breath” ...
And Caraffa was already standing on the threshold again.
- Well, Isidora, have you thought of something more sensible? - without saying hello, Caraffa began. – I really hope that this week will bring you to your senses and I will not have to resort to the most extreme measures. After all, I told you quite sincerely - I do not want to harm your beautiful daughter, rather the opposite. I would be glad if Anna continued to study and learn new things. She is still too quick-tempered in her actions and categorical in her judgments, but she has a huge potential. One can only imagine what she would be capable of if she allowed him to open up correctly! .. How do you look at this, Isidora? All I need for this is your consent. And then you will be fine again.
“Except for the death of my husband and father, isn’t it, Your Holiness?” I asked bitterly.
– Well, it was an unforeseen complication (!..). And you still have Anna, don't forget that!
– And why should I have someone to “remain”, Your Holiness? .. I had a wonderful family, which I loved very much, and which was everything for me in the world! But you destroyed it… just because of an “unforeseen complication”, as you just put it!.. Do living people really have no meaning for you?!
Caraffa relaxed into a chair and calmly said:
“People interest me only insofar as they are obedient to our most holy church. Or how extraordinary and unusual their minds are. But these come across, unfortunately, very rarely. The usual crowd does not interest me at all! This is a bunch of little-thinking meat, which is no longer suitable for anything except for the fulfillment of someone else's will and other people's orders, because their brains are not able to comprehend even the most primitive truth.
Even knowing Karaffa, I felt my head spinning with excitement ... How could it be possible to live, thinking such a thing ?!.
– Well, what about the gifted ones?.. You are afraid of them, Your Holiness, aren’t you? Otherwise, you would not have killed them so brutally. Tell me, if you still burn them at the end, then why is it so inhumane to torture them even before they climb the fire? Is it really not enough for you that atrocity that you create by burning these unfortunate people alive? ..
“They must repent and confess, Isidora!” Otherwise, their soul will not be cleansed, despite the fact that I betray them to the flames of the holy fire. They must get rid of the birth of the devil in them - they must get rid of their dirty Gift! Otherwise, their soul, having come to Earth from darkness, will again plunge into the same darkness... And I will not be able to fulfill my duty - to join their fallen souls to the Lord God. Do you understand this, Isidora?!
No, I didn’t understand ... since it was the real nonsense of an extremely crazy person! .. Caraffa’s incomprehensible brain was a mystery to me behind the seven heaviest locks ... And, in my opinion, no one could comprehend this riddle. Sometimes the most holy Pope seemed to me the smartest and most educated person, who knows much more than any ordinary well-read and educated person. As I said before, he was a wonderful conversationalist, shining with his tenacious and sharp mind, which completely subjugated those around him. But sometimes... what he "said" didn't sound like anything normal or understandable. Where was his rare mind at such moments?
“Have mercy, Your Holiness, you are talking to me now!” Why pretend?! What "lord" are we talking about here? And to what "lord" would you like to join the souls of these unfortunate "sinners"? And in general, can you tell me which Lord you yourself believe? If, of course, you believe at all ...
Contrary to my expectation, he did not explode in anger... He just smiled and said in a teacher's tone:
“You see, Isidora, a person does not need God to believe in something,” seeing my dumbfounded face, Caraffa laughed merrily. – Isn't it funny to hear this from me, Isidora?.. But the truth is, it is true, although I understand that from the lips of the Pope it must sound more than strange. But I repeat, man truly does not need God... He needs another person for this. Take even Christ... He was simply very gifted, but still a MAN! And he only had enough to walk on the water, revive the half-dead, show a few more of the same “tricks”, well, and for us it’s correct to declare that he is the son of God (and therefore almost God), and everything went exactly as it has always been - the crowd, after his death, happily rushed after their redeemer ... not even fully understanding what he really redeemed for them ...
Radomir (Jesus Christ), who could walk on water...
As I told you earlier, people must be able to direct and manage them correctly, Isidora. Only then is it possible to fully control them.
– But you will never be able to control entire nations! .. For this, armies are needed, Holiness! And even assuming that you would somehow subjugate these peoples, I am sure that again there would be brave people who would lead the rest to win their freedom.
“You are absolutely right, Madonna,” Caraffa nodded. - Peoples do not submit voluntarily - they must be subordinated! But I'm not a warrior, and I don't like to fight. This creates great and unnecessary inconvenience... Therefore, in order to subdue peacefully, I use a very simple and reliable method - I destroy their past... For without a past, a person is vulnerable... He loses his ancestral roots if he does not have a past. And just then, confused and unprotected, he becomes a “clean canvas” on which I can write any story! .. And believe me, dear Isidora, people only rejoice at this ... because, I repeat, they cannot live without a past (even if they don't want to admit it to themselves). And when there is none, they accept anything, just not to “hang” in the unknown, which is much more terrible for them than any other, fictional “story”.
– And do you really think that no one sees what is really happening?.. After all, there are so many smart, gifted people on Earth! I exclaimed indignantly.
- Why don't they see it? The chosen ones see it, and even try to show it to others. But we “clean them up” from time to time... And everything falls into place again.
– Just as you once “cleaned up” the family of Christ and Magdalene? Or today – the gifted ones?.. What is this “god” to whom you pray, Your Holiness? What kind of monster needs all these sacrifices?!
– If we are speaking frankly, I do not pray to the gods, Isidora... I live by REASON. Well, God is needed only by the helpless and poor in spirit. For those who are used to asking for help... for benefits... and for everything in the world! Just don't fight on your own!.. These are little people, Isidora! And they deserve to be managed! And the rest is a matter of time. That is why I am asking you to help me live until the day when I gain full power in this insignificant world!.. Then you will see that I was not joking, and that the Earth will completely obey me! I will make my empire out of it... Oh, I only need time!.. And you will give it to me, Isidora. You just don't know about it yet.
In order to know exactly how, according to the charter, it is necessary to address a soldier, it is necessary to understand the ranks. Ranks in the Russian army and shoulder straps provide clarity in relationships and allow you to understand the chain of command. The Russian Federation has both a horizontal structure - military and ship ranks, and a vertical hierarchy - from privates to senior officers.
Enlisted personnel
Private- This is the lowest military rank of the Russian army. Moreover, the soldiers received this title in 1946, before that they were treated exclusively as fighters, or as Red Army soldiers.
If the service is carried out in the guards military unit or on the guards ship, then when referring to the private, it is worth adding the same word "guards". If you want to contact a serviceman who is in the reserve and has a diploma of higher legal or medical education, then you should contact - "ordinary justice", or "ordinary medical service". Accordingly, to those who are in the reserve or retired, it is worth adding the appropriate words.
In the ship's composition, the rank of private corresponds to sailor.
Only senior soldiers who perform best in military service are promoted to the rank corporal. Such soldiers can act as commanders during their absence.
All additional words that were applicable for the private remain relevant for the corporal. Only in the Navy, this rank corresponds to Senior sailor.
The one who commands a squad or a combat vehicle receives the title Lance Sergeant. In some cases, this rank is awarded to the most disciplined corporals upon transfer to the reserve, if such a staff unit was not provided during the service. In the ship's composition is "foreman of the second article"
Since November 1940, a rank for junior officers appeared in the Soviet army - sergeant. It is awarded to cadets who have successfully completed the sergeant training program and graduated with honors.
Also, an ordinary can receive a title - Lance Sergeant, who proved himself worthy to be awarded the next rank, or when he was transferred to the reserve.
In the Navy, a sergeant of the ground forces corresponds to the rank foreman.
The next is Senior Sergeant, and in the Navy - chief foreman.
After this rank, there are some crossings of land and sea forces. Because after the senior sergeant, in the ranks of the Russian army appears foreman. This title came into use in 1935. It is deserved only by the best military personnel who served excellently in sergeant positions for six months, or when they are transferred to the reserve, the rank of foreman is awarded to senior sergeants certified with excellent marks. On the ship it is chief ship sergeant major.
Next come ensigns And midshipmen. This is a special category of military personnel, close to junior officers. Complete the ranks senior warrant officer and midshipman.
junior officers
A number of ranks of junior officers of the Russian army begin with the rank Ensign. This title is awarded to students of the last courses and graduates of higher military educational institutions. However, in case of a shortage of officers, the rank of junior lieutenant can also be obtained by a graduate of a civilian university.
lieutenant only a junior lieutenant who has served a certain amount of time and received a positive education document can become. Further - senior lieutenant.
And closes the group of junior officers - Captain. This title sounds the same for both land and naval forces.
By the way, the new field uniform from Yudashkin obliged our servicemen to duplicate the insignia on their chests. There is an opinion that the “undersized” from the leadership do not see the ranks of our officers on their shoulders, and this is done for their convenience. Senior officers
Senior officers begin with rank Major. In the Navy, this rank corresponds to Captain 3rd rank. The following ranks of the Navy will only increase the rank of captain, that is, the rank of land lieutenant colonel will match Captain 2nd rank, but the title Colonel – Captain 1st rank.
Senior officer corps
And the highest officer corps completes the hierarchy of military ranks in the Russian army.
Major General or rear admiral(in the navy) - such a proud title is worn by military personnel who command a division - up to 10 thousand people.
Above the Major General is Lieutenant General. (The lieutenant general is higher than the major general because the lieutenant general has two stars on shoulder straps and the major general has one).
Initially, in the Soviet army, it was rather not a rank, but a position, because the Lieutenant General was an assistant to the general and took on part of his functions, unlike Colonel General, who can personally fill senior positions, both in the General Staff and in the Ministry of Defense. In addition, in the armed forces of Russia, a colonel-general may be the deputy commander of a military district.
And, finally, the most important soldier who has the highest military rank in the Russian army is Army General. All previous links are obliged to obey him.
About military ranks in video format:
Well, salaga, now you understand?)
