What gas is used in gas fire extinguishing installations. The use of a fire extinguishing agent in gas fire extinguishing installations

The buildings 15.06.2019

The buildings

For the first time, gas was used to extinguish a fire at the end of the 19th century. And the first in gas fire extinguishing installations (UGP) was carbon dioxide. At the beginning of the last century, the production of carbon dioxide plants began in Europe. In the thirties of the twentieth century, fire extinguishers with freons, fire extinguishing agents such as methyl bromide, were used. In the Soviet Union, devices using gas to extinguish a fire are the first. In the 1940s, isothermal tanks began to be used for carbon dioxide. Later, new extinguishing agents based on natural and synthetic gases were developed. They can be classified as freons, inert gases, carbon dioxide.

Advantages and disadvantages of fire extinguishing agents

Gas installations are much more expensive than systems using steam, water, powder or foam as an extinguishing agent. Despite this, they are widely used. The use of UGP in archives, storerooms of museums and other repositories with combustible values is unrivaled, due to the practical absence of material harm from their use.

Besides . The use of powder and foam can ruin expensive equipment. Aviation also uses gas.

The rapid spread of gas, the ability to penetrate into all cracks, allows the use of installations based on it to ensure the safety of premises with a difficult layout, suspended ceilings, many partitions and other obstacles.

Application gas installations operating on the basis of the dilution of the atmosphere of the object requires joint work with complex systems security. For guaranteed fire extinguishing, all doors and windows must be closed and forced or natural ventilation must be turned off. To alert people inside the premises, light, sound or voice signals are given, given certain time to exit. After that, the fire extinguishing begins directly. Gas fills the premises, regardless of the complexity of its layout, 10-30 seconds after the evacuation of people.

Installations using compressed gas can be used in unheated buildings, as they have a wide temperature range, -40 - +50 ºС. Some GOTVs are chemically neutral, do not pollute the environment, and freon 227EA, 318C can also be used in the presence of people. Nitrogen plants are effective in the petrochemical industry, in extinguishing fires in wells, mines and other facilities where explosive situations are possible. Installations with carbon dioxide can be used with operating electrical installations with voltage up to 1 kV.

Disadvantages of gas fire extinguishing:

the use of GOTV is inefficient in open areas;
gas is not used to extinguish materials that can burn without oxygen;
for large facilities, gas equipment requires a separate special annex to accommodate gas tanks and related equipment;
nitrogen plants are not used to extinguish aluminum and other substances that form nitrides, which are explosive;
it is impossible to use carbon dioxide to extinguish alkaline earth metals.

Gases used to extinguish fires

In Russia, the types of gas fire extinguishing agents permitted for use in the UGP are limited to nitrogen, argon, inergen, freons 23, 125, 218, 227ea, 318C, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride. The use of other gases is possible upon agreement of technical specifications.

Gas extinguishing agents (GOTV) are divided into two groups according to the method of extinguishing:

The first is freons. They extinguish the flame by chemically slowing down the burning rate. In the ignition zone, freons disintegrate and begin to interact with combustion products, this reduces the combustion rate to complete attenuation.
The second is gases that reduce the amount of oxygen. These include argon, nitrogen, inergen. Most materials require more than 12% oxygen in the fire atmosphere to sustain combustion. By introducing an inert gas into the room, and reducing the amount of oxygen, the desired result is obtained. Which fire extinguishing agent in gas fire extinguishing installations must be used depends on the object of protection.

Note!
According to the type of storage, DHWs are divided into compressed (nitrogen, argon, inergen) and liquefied (all the rest).

Fluoroketones - new class extinguishing agents, developed by 3M. These are synthetic substances that are similar in efficiency to freons and are inert due to their molecular structure. The extinguishing effect is obtained at concentrations of 4-6 percent. Due to this, it becomes possible to use in the presence of people. In addition, unlike freons, fluoroketones quickly decompose after use.

Types of gas fire extinguishing systems

Gas fire extinguishing installations (UGP) are of two types: station and modular. To ensure the security of several rooms, a modular UGP is used. For the whole object, a station setting is usually used.

UGP components: gas fire extinguishing modules (MGP), nozzles, switchgears, pipes and GFFS.

The main device on which the operation of the installation depends is the MGP module. It is a tank with a shut-off and starting device (ZPU).

In work, it is better to use cylinders with a capacity of up to 100 liters, since they are easy to transport and do not require registration with Rostekhnadzor.

At the moment on Russian market IHL is applied by more than a dozen domestic and foreign companies.

The best five IHL modules

OSK Group - Russian manufacturer extinguishing devices with 17 years of experience in this field. The company produces devices using Novec 1230. This fire extinguishing agent is used in gas fire extinguishing installations that can be used in power and similar rooms in the presence of people. ZPU with pressure gauge and safety bursting disc. Available in volumes from 8 liters to 368 liters.
MINIMAX modules from a German manufacturer are especially reliable due to the use of seamless vessels. MGP range from 22 to 180 liters.

Welded tanks are used in MGP developed by VFAspect low pressure, as GOTV - freons. Are issued in volume 40, 60, 80 and 100 l.
MGP "Flame" are produced by NTO "Flame". Use tanks for low-pressure compressed gases and freons. A large range is produced from 4 to 140 liters.
Modules from the company "Spetsavtomatika" are produced for compressed gases of high and low pressure and freons. The equipment is easy to maintain, efficient in operation. 10 standard sizes MGP are produced from 20 to 227 liters.

In modules of all manufacturers, in addition to electric and pneumatic start, manual start of devices is provided.

The use of new gaseous extinguishing agents of the Novec 1230 type (fluoroketone group), as a result, the possibility of extinguishing a fire in the presence of people, increased the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing system due to early response. And the harmlessness of the use of fumes for material assets, despite the significant cost of equipment and its installation, become a serious argument in favor of the use of gas fire extinguishing systems.

IN modern conditions widespread electrification, not every fire can be extinguished with ordinary water. Some materials do not tolerate contact with liquids, therefore, they cause no less significant harm than fire.

In offices with expensive electrical equipment, museums, libraries, as well as on ships and aircraft, gaseous fire extinguishing systems are used.

History reference

The non-flammable mixture can be supplied in two ways: modularly, using removable cylinders, or centrally, from a common tank.

According to the volume of extinguishing, automatic gas fire extinguishing installations are local or complete extinguishing. In the first case, the substance is supplied only to the source of ignition (for example, gas fire extinguishing in a server room can only be organized in this way), in the second - around the entire perimeter of the room.

Design, calculation and installation of gas fire extinguishing systems

Installation of a gas fire extinguishing system requires careful observance of all current legislation and full compliance with the requirements of each facility being designed. Therefore, it is better to entrust such a complex and painstaking task to professionals.

When installing such a system, many factors must be taken into account: the number and area of \u200b\u200ball rooms, the features of the room (such as suspended ceiling or false walls), general purpose, humidity characteristics, as well as ways to evacuate citizens in case of an emergency.

In addition, there are some nuances in this case. For example, when installing equipment in a room with high traffic of people, the installation must be done in such a way that when the fire extinguishing system is triggered, the oxygen concentration in the air remains within the permissible limits.

It must also be remembered that each gas fire extinguishing module must be protected from external factors.

Routine maintenance of gas fire extinguishing systems

In order for gas fire extinguishing installations to function properly during the entire period of operation, they need to be carried out preventive maintenance from time to time. Every month, all components of the system must be checked for their tightness, and fire sensors - for operability.

After each operation of the fire extinguishing system, it is necessary to refuel the gas tanks and reconfigure

All the listed preventive works are carried out directly at the customer's site, that is, they do not require constant reinstallation of the system.

In addition, the routine maintenance of the gas fire extinguishing system includes regular technical examination of the modules. Each gas fire extinguishing module must be checked once every 10-12 years.

What is included in the installation work?

Before installation gas equipment it is necessary to make sure that the manufacturer has state-recognized certificates. It will not be superfluous to check the license of the contractor company that carries out its installation.

Then it is necessary to make sure that the ventilation systems are working, and only then proceed to work.

All modules of the device are combined into a single system responsible for the operation of the device in case of fire, and control over the situation in the room. At this stage, the owner must make sure that the design proposed by the master not only suits him aesthetically, but also does not interfere with the work of the staff.

After the installation of the system, the contracting company draws up test reports and technical documentation for each of its elements.

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Non-state educational institution middle vocational education International Police Association College of Law

Course work

Fire extinguishing agents used in automatic fire extinguishing installations

Completed by: Gorbushin Ilya Nikolaevich

Course 3 group 4411

Specialty: 280703 Fire safety

Head: Peskichev S.V.

Introduction

1. Classification of fire extinguishing agents

1.1 Water installations

1.2 Powder plants

1.3 Gas installations

1.4 Foam plants

1.5 Aerosol plants

1.6 Combined installation

2. Cases in which the installation automatic systems fire fighting is required

2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of automatic fire extinguishing

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Automatic fire extinguishing systems are used to quickly respond to signs of fire and prevent fire. They can be compared to a fire brigade permanently on site.

Automatic fire extinguishing systems can be installed in almost any room. The most relevant locations for such systems are large parking lots. closed type, server rooms, industrial premises where there is a possibility of fire during the production process, document archives, etc.

1. Classificationautomaticsystemsfirefighting

Fire extinguishing installations - a set of stationary technical means extinguishing a fire by releasing a fire extinguishing agent. Fire extinguishing installations must ensure the localization or elimination of a fire.

Fire extinguishing installations constructive device subdivided into aggregate and modular.

According to the degree of automation - automatic, automated and manual.

By type of fire extinguishing agent - water, foam, gas, powder, aerosol and combined.

According to the method of extinguishing - into volumetric, surface, locally-volumetric and locally-surface.

1. 1 Waterinstallations

Water installations are sprinkler and deluge. Sprinkler installations are designed for local extinguishing of fires in rapidly flammable premises, for example, wooden ones, and deluge installations are designed to extinguish a fire immediately throughout the facility.

In sprinkler extinguishing systems, the sprinkler (sprinkler) is mounted in a pipeline filled with water, special foam (if the room temperature is above 5°C) or air (if the room temperature is below 5°C). In this case, the extinguishing agent is constantly under pressure. There are combined sprinkler systems in which the supply pipeline is filled with water, and the supply and distribution pipes can be filled with air or water, depending on the season. The sprinkler is closed with a thermal lock, which is a special flask designed for depressurization when a certain ambient temperature is reached.

After the sprinkler is depressurized, the pressure in the pipeline becomes less, due to which the special valve in the control node. After that, the water rushes to the detector, which detects the operation and gives a command signal to turn on the pump.

Sprinkler fire extinguishing systems are used for local detection and elimination of fires with triggering counter fire alarm, special warning systems, smoke protection, evacuation management and provision of information about fire locations. The service life of sprinklers that have not worked is ten years, and sprinklers that have worked or are damaged must be completely replaced. During the design of the pipeline network, it is divided into sections. Each of these sections can serve one or several rooms at once, and can also have a separate fire control system control unit. An automatic pump is responsible for the working pressure in the pipeline.

Drencher automatic fire extinguishing systems (drencher curtains) differ from sprinkler ones in that they do not have thermal locks. They also have a high water consumption and the possibility of simultaneous operation of all sprinklers. Sprinkler nozzles are various kinds: inkjet with high pressure, two-phase gas-dynamic, with liquid atomization by impact with deflectors or by interaction of jets. When designing deluge curtains, the following are taken into account: the type of deluge, the estimated pressure, the distance between the sprinklers and their number, the power of the pumps, the diameter of the pipeline, the volume of the liquid tanks, the installation height of the deluge.

Drencher curtains solve the following tasks:

localization of the fire;

· dividing areas into controlled sectors and preventing the spread of fires, as well as harmful combustion products outside the sector;

· cooling technological equipment to acceptable temperatures.

Lately wide application received automatic fire extinguishing systems using water mist. The droplet size after spraying can reach 150 microns. The advantage of this technology is the more efficient use of water. In the case of extinguishing fires using conventional installations, only a third of the total volume of water is used to extinguish the fire. Fine water extinguishing technology creates a water mist that eliminates fire. This technology allows you to eliminate fires with a high degree of efficiency with rational water consumption.

1.2 Powderinstallations

The principle of operation of such devices is based on extinguishing a fire by supplying a fine powder composition to the fires. According to current regulations fire safety, all public and administrative buildings, technological premises and electrical installations, as well as storage and production premises must be equipped with automatic powder installations.

Installations do not provide a complete cessation of combustion and should not be used to extinguish fires:

Combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and smoldering inside the volume of the substance ( sawdust, cotton, grass flour, paper, etc.);

· chemical substances and their mixtures, pyrophoric and polymer materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access.

1.3 Gasinstallations

The purpose of gas fire extinguishing installations is to detect fires and supply a special fire extinguishing gas. They use active compositions in the form of liquefied or compressed gases.

Compressed fire extinguishing mixtures include, for example, Argonite and Inergen. All ingredients are based on natural gases, which are already present in the air, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, so their use does not harm the atmosphere. The method of extinguishing with such gas mixtures is based on the substitution of oxygen. It is known that the combustion process is supported only when the oxygen content in the air is not less than 12-15%. When liquefied or compressed gases are released, the amount of oxygen falls below the above figures, which leads to the extinction of the flame. It must be taken into account that a sharp decrease in the level of oxygen inside a room in which people are present can lead to dizziness or even fainting, therefore, when using such fire extinguishing mixtures, evacuation is usually necessary. Liquefied gases used for fire fighting purposes include: carbon dioxide, mixtures and synthesized gases based on fluorine, for example, freons, FM-200, sulfur hexafluoride, Novec 1230. Freons are divided into ozone-friendly and ozone-depleting. Some of them can be used without evacuation, while others can only be used indoors in the absence of people. Gas installations are most suitable for providing safe work electrical equipment under electric voltage. Liquefied and compressed gases are used as fire extinguishing agents.

Liquefied:

freon23;

freon125;

freon218;

freon227ea;

Freon318C;

hexaphosphoric sulfur;

Inergen.

1.4 Foaminstallations

Foam fire extinguishing installations are mainly used to extinguish flammable liquids and combustible liquids in tanks, combustible substances and oil products located both inside and outside buildings. Foam APT deluge installations are used to protect local areas of buildings, electrical appliances, transformers. Sprinkler and deluge water and foam fire extinguishing installations have a fairly close purpose and design. Peculiarity foam installations APT - the presence of a tank with a foaming agent and dosing devices, with separate storage of the components of the fire extinguishing agent.

The following dosing devices are used:

· dosing pumps, providing the supply of the foaming agent to the pipeline;

· automatic dispensers with a Venturi pipe and a diaphragm-plunger regulator (with an increase in water flow, the pressure drop in the Venturi pipe increases, the regulator provides an additional amount of foam concentrate);

ejector-type foam mixers;

· Dosing tanks using the differential pressure created by the Venturi pipe.

Other distinguishing feature foam fire extinguishing installations - the use of foam sprinklers or generators. There are a number of disadvantages inherent in all water and foam fire extinguishing systems: dependence on water supply sources; the difficulty of extinguishing premises with electrical installations; complexity Maintenance; large, and often irreparable, damage to the protected building.

1.5 Aerosolinstallations

For the first time, the use of aerosol means for extinguishing fires was described in 1819 by Shumlyansky, who used black powder, clay and water for these purposes. In 1846, Kuhn proposed boxes filled with a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur and coal (smoky powder), which he recommended to throw into a burning room and tightly close the door. Soon the use of aerosols was discontinued due to their low efficiency, especially in leaky rooms.

Volumetric aerosol fire extinguishing installations do not provide a complete cessation of combustion (fire suppression) and should not be used to extinguish:

fibrous, loose, porous and other combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and (or) smoldering inside the layer (volume) of the substance (sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.);

chemicals and their mixtures, polymeric materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access;

metal hydrides and pyrophoric substances;

metal powders (magnesium, titanium, zirconium, etc.).

It is forbidden to use the settings:

in rooms that cannot be left by people before the generators start working;

rooms with big amount people (50 people or more);

Indoors of buildings and structures III and below the degree of fire resistance according to SNiP 21-01-97 installations using fire-extinguishing aerosol generators having a temperature of more than 400 ° C outside the zone 150 mm away from outer surface generator.

1.6 Combinedinstallation

Automatic combined fire extinguishing installation (AUKP) - an installation that provides fire extinguishing with the help of several fire extinguishing agents.

Usually AUCP is a combination of two individual fire extinguishing installations having a common object of protection and an operation algorithm (for example, combinations of fire extinguishing agents: powder-foam medium multiplicity; low expansion foam powder; powder - sprayed water; medium expansion gas-foam; low expansion gas-foam; gas-sprayed water; gas-gas; powder-gas). The choice of a combination of fire extinguishing agents should take into account the features of fire extinguishing: the rate of fire development, the presence of heated protected surfaces, etc.

2. casesinwhichinstallationautomaticsystemsfirefightingobligatory

fire extinguishing sprinkler deluge automatic

In accordance with current fire safety regulations, the above systems in without fail must be equipped with:

· data centers, server rooms, data centers - data processing centers, as well as other premises intended for storage and processing of information and museum valuables;

· underground car parks of the closed type; elevated parking lots with more than one floor;

One-story buildings constructed from light metal structures with the use of combustible heaters: for public purposes - with an area of over 800 m2, for administrative purposes - with an area of over 1200 m2;

Buildings selling flammable and combustible liquids and materials, except for those selling packages up to 20 liters;

buildings with a height of more than 30 meters (except for industrial buildings included in the categories fire hazard"G" and "D", as well as residential buildings);

buildings of trade enterprises (except for those engaged in trade and storage of products made from non-combustible materials): over 200 m2 - in the basement or basement floors, more than 3500 m2 - in the ground part of the building;

· all one-story exhibition halls with an area of more than 1000 m2, as well as more than two floors;

· cinema and concert halls with a capacity of more than 800 seats;

other buildings and structures in accordance with fire safety standards.

2.1 AdvantagesAndlimitationsautomaticfirefighting

Not all substances used for firefighting are safe for human body: some contain chlorine and bromine in their composition, which negatively affect internal organs; others dramatically lower the degree of oxygen in the air, which can cause suffocation and lead to loss of consciousness; others irritate the respiratory and visual systems of the body.

Firefighting with water is one of the most effective and safe methods for most all cases. However, this method of fighting fires requires high costs for water to extinguish the fire. It is necessary to build capital engineering structures for uninterrupted water supply. In addition, water during extinguishing can cause serious material damage.

Among the advantages of gas installations, it is worth noting the following:

Extinguishing fires with their help does not lead to corrosion of equipment;

the consequences of their use are easily eliminated with the help of standard ventilation of the room;

They are not afraid of rising temperatures and do not freeze.

Along with the above advantages, the disadvantage of some gases is their rather high danger to humans. Recently, however, scientists have developed completely safe gaseous substances, for example, Novec 1230. In addition to safety for human health, the undeniable advantage of this substance is its harmlessness to the atmosphere. Novec 1230 is completely safe for the ozone layer, does not contain chlorine and bromine, its molecules completely break down under the influence of ultraviolet radiation in about five days. In addition, it is not dangerous for any property. This substance is certified, including compliance with fire safety rules and regulations, sanitary and epidemiological standards, and can be used throughout Russia. An automatic fire extinguishing system using Novec 1230 is able to quickly eliminate fires of various complexity classes.

The use of powder systems for extinguishing fires is absolutely harmless to the human body. The powder is very easy to use and costs very little. It does not harm the premises and property, but has a short shelf life.

Conclusion

The purpose of the application automatic installations firefighting is the localization and extinguishing of fires, saving the lives of people and animals, as well as real and movable property. The use of such tools is the most effective method fire fighting. Unlike manual fire extinguishers and alarm systems, they create all the necessary conditions for effective and efficient localization of fires with minimal risk to health and life.

Bibliographiclist

1. Federal Law No. 123 of July 22, 2008 "Technical regulation on fire safety requirements"

2. Smirnov N.V., Tsarichenko S.G., Zdor V.L. and others. “Regulatory and technical documentation on the design, installation and operation of fire extinguishing installations, fire alarms and smoke removal systems” M., 2004;

3. Baratae A.N. "Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials and means of extinguishing them" M., 2003.

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History

Gas fire extinguishing in the server room. 1996

In the last quarter of the 19th century, carbon dioxide began to be used abroad as a fire extinguishing agent. This was preceded by the receipt of liquefied carbon dioxide (CO 2) by M. Faraday in 1823. At the beginning of the 20th century in Germany, England and USA carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations began to be used, a significant number of them appeared in the 30s. After the Second World War, installations using isothermal tanks for storing CO 2 began to be used abroad (the latter were called low-pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations).

Freons (halons) are more modern gaseous OTVs. Abroad, at the beginning of the 20th century, halon 104, and then in the 30s, halon 1001 (methyl bromide) was used to a very limited extent for fire extinguishing, mainly in hand-held fire extinguishers. In the 50s in the USA held research work, which made it possible to propose halon 1301 (trifluorobrommethane) for use in installations.

The first domestic gas fire extinguishing installations (UGP) appeared in the mid-30s to protect ships and ships. Carbon dioxide was used as the gaseous FA (GOTV). The first automatic UGP was used in 1939 to protect the turbine generator of a thermal power plant. In 1951-1955. gas fire extinguishing batteries with pneumatic start (BAP) and electric start (BAE) were developed. A variant of block execution of batteries with the help of stacked sections of the CH type was used. Since 1970, the GZSM lock-starter has been used in batteries.

In recent decades, automatic gas fire extinguishing installations have been widely used, using

ozone-safe freons - freon 23, freon 227ea, freon 125.

At the same time, freon 23 and freon 227ea are used to protect the premises in which people are or may be.

Freon 125 is used as a fire-extinguishing agent to protect premises without constant human presence.

Carbon dioxide is widely used to protect archives and money vaults.

Extinguishing gases

The operation of the gas fire extinguishing system in the server room

Gases are used as fire extinguishing agents for extinguishing, the list of which is defined in the Code of Rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations" (clause 8.3.1).

These are the following gas fire extinguishing agents: freon 23, freon 227ea, freon 125, freon 218, freon 318C, nitrogen, argon, inergen, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride.

The use of gases that are not included in the specified list is allowed only according to additionally developed and agreed standards ( specifications) for a specific object.

Gas extinguishing agents according to the principle of fire extinguishing are classified into two groups:

The first group of GOTV is inhibitors (chladones). They have an extinguishing mechanism based on chemical

inhibition (deceleration) of the combustion reaction. Once in the combustion zone, these substances rapidly decompose

with the formation of free radicals that react with the primary products of combustion.

In this case, the burning rate decreases to complete attenuation.

The fire-extinguishing concentration of freons is several times lower than for compressed gases and ranges from 7 to 17 volume percent.

namely, freon 23, freon 125, freon 227ea are ozone non-destructive.

The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of freon 23, freon 125 and freon 227ea is 0.

The second group is gases that dilute the atmosphere. These include such compressed gases as argon, nitrogen, inergen.

To keep burning necessary condition is the presence of at least 12% oxygen. The principle of diluting the atmosphere is that when compressed gas (argon, nitrogen, inergen) is introduced into the room, the oxygen content is reduced to less than 12%, that is, conditions that do not support combustion are created.

Liquefied gas extinguishing agents

Liquefied gas freon 23 is used without propellant.

Freons 125, 227ea, 318C require pumping with a propellant gas to ensure transportation through piping to the protected room.

carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas with a density of 1.98 kg / m³, odorless and does not support combustion of most substances. The mechanism for stopping combustion with carbon dioxide lies in its ability to dilute the concentration of reactants to the limits at which combustion becomes impossible. Carbon dioxide can be released into the combustion zone in the form of a snow-like mass, while providing a cooling effect. From one kilogram of liquid carbon dioxide, 506 liters are formed. gas. The extinguishing effect is achieved if the concentration of carbon dioxide is at least 30% by volume. The specific gas consumption in this case will be 0.64 kg / (m³ s). Requires the use of weighing devices to control the leakage of fire extinguishing agent, usually a tensor weighing device.

Cannot be used to extinguish alkaline earth, alkali metals, some metal hydrides, developed fires of smoldering materials.

Freon 23

Freon23 (trifluoromethane) is a colorless and odorless light gas. The modules are in the liquid phase. It has a high pressure of its own vapors (48 KgS/sq.cm), does not require pressurization with propellant gas. It is capable in standard time (10/15 sec.) of creating standard fire-extinguishing concentration in rooms remote from the modules with GOTV at a distance of more than 20 meters vertically and more than 100 meters horizontally. This quality allows him to create optimal systems fire extinguishing of objects with a large number of protected premises by creating a centralized gas fire extinguishing station. Environmentally friendly (ODP=0). It is recommended for protection of rooms with possible stay of people. MPC = 50%, and fire extinguishing concentration - 14.6%. If freon 23 is released into a room from which people were not evacuated (for some reason), then no damage will be done to their health!

Freon 125

Basic properties:

01.	Relative molecular weight:	120,02 ;
02.	Boiling point at a pressure of 0.1 MPa, °C:	-48,5 ;
03.	Density at 20°С, kg/m³:	1127 ;
04.	Critical temperature, °С:	+67,7 ;
05.	Critical pressure, MPa:	3,39 ;
06.	Critical density, kg/m³:	3 529 ;
07.	Mass fraction of pentafluoroethane in the liquid phase, %, not less than:	99,5 ;
08.	Mass fraction of air, %, not more than:	0,02 ;
09.	Total mass fraction of organic impurities, %, not more than:	0,5 ;
10.	Acidity in terms of hydrofluoric acid in mass fractions,%, not more than:	0,0001 ;
11.	Mass fraction of water, %, not more than:	0,001 ;
12.	Mass fraction of non-volatile residue, %, not more than:	0,01 .

Freon 218

Freon 227ea

Freon 318C

Freon 318c (R 318c, perfluorocyclobutane) Formula: C4F8 Chemical name: octafluorocyclobutane Physical state: colorless gas with a slight odor

Boiling point -6.0°C (minus) Melting point -41.4°C (minus) Molecular weight 200.031 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) ODP 0 Potential global warming GWP 9100 MAC r.s.mg/m3 s.s. 3000 ppm Hazard class 4 Fire hazard characteristics Slow-burning gas. Decomposes on contact with flame to form highly toxic products Application Flame arrester, working substance in air conditioners, heat pumps

Compressed gas fire extinguishing compositions (nitrogen, argon, inergen)

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is used for phlegmatization of combustible vapors and gases, for purging and drying containers and apparatus from the remains of gaseous or liquid combustible substances. Cylinders with compressed nitrogen in the conditions of a developed fire are dangerous, since their explosion is possible due to a decrease in the strength of the walls at high temperature and an increase in gas pressure in the cylinder when heated. A measure to prevent an explosion is the release of gas into the atmosphere. If this is not possible, the balloon should be plentifully irrigated with water from a shelter.

Nitrogen should not be used to extinguish magnesium, aluminium, lithium, zirconium and other materials that form explosive nitrides. In these cases, argon is used as an inert diluent, and much less often, helium.

Argon

Inergen

Inergen - friendly towards environment fire fighting system, the active element of which consists of gases already present in the atmosphere. Inergen is an inert, that is, non-liquefied, non-toxic and non-flammable gas. It is composed of 52% nitrogen, 40% argon, and 8% carbon dioxide. This means that it does not harm the environment and does not damage equipment and other items.

The method of extinguishing incorporated in Inergen is called "oxygen substitution" - the level of oxygen in the room drops and the fire goes out.

The Earth's atmosphere contains approximately 20.9% oxygen.
The oxygen replacement method is to lower the oxygen level to about 15%. At this level of oxygen, the fire is in most cases unable to burn and will go out within 30-45 seconds.
A distinctive feature of Inergen is the content of 8% carbon dioxide in its composition.

Physiologically, this is expressed in the ability of the human body to pump a larger volume of blood. As a result, the body is supplied with blood just as if a person were breathing ordinary atmospheric air.

One gas is replaced by another.

Other

Steam can also be used as a fire extinguishing agent, however, these systems are mainly used for extinguishing inside process equipment and ship holds.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations

Light annunciators of the gas fire extinguishing system

Gas fire extinguishing systems are used in cases where the use of water can cause short circuit or other damage to the equipment - in server rooms, data warehouses, libraries, museums, on aircraft.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations must provide:

In the protected premises, as well as in adjacent ones, which have an exit only through the protected premises, when the installation is triggered, light devices should be switched on (a light signal in the form of inscriptions on the light panels "Gas - go away!" and "Gas - do not enter!") And sound alert in accordance with GOST 12.3.046 and GOST 12.4.009 .

The gas fire extinguishing system is also included as component in explosion suppression systems, used for phlegmatization explosive mixtures.

Tests of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations

Tests should be carried out:

before commissioning the installations;
during operation at least once every 5 years

In addition, the mass of the GOS and the pressure of the propellant gas in each vessel of the installation should be carried out within the time limits established technical documentation on vessels (cylinders, modules).

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