Solenoid valve gas boiler specifications. What is a gas solenoid valve for and how does it work? Basic information, characteristics and principle of operation

Household heating appliances operating on liquefied or natural gas do not require constant attention and control from the owners. This task is performed by automation for gas heating boilers.

Electronic and mechanical control units integrated into the heat generator regulate combustion and help maintain the required temperature in the heat carrier.

Automation works properly, accurately and reliably, increases the efficiency of heating equipment, contributes to the reasonable consumption of energy resources and makes the operation of the heating system simple, comfortable and absolutely safe.

The automatic system protects heating installations from overloads and activates emergency turn-off gas supply in case of sudden force majeure. Additionally, the technique regulates the level of combustion intensity and current fuel consumption, allowing owners to save financial resources for space heating.

The automatic node has flexible settings and allows the owner to set the most convenient operating parameters for the equipment

According to the basic principle of operation and design features, automation for gas-powered equipment is divided into:

• devices with energy dependence;
• energy independent devices.

Systems of the first type are complex electronic units and for correct operation, which need an uninterrupted supply of electricians. The second types of devices are simplified mechanical structures that do not require energy supply.

View #1 - volatile products

Volatile module- it is small electronic device, which reacts to the supply of a fuel resource. Turns on and off at the moment of activation or closing of the main gas cock. It has a complex structure and large quantity elements and microcircuits.

Allows hosts to perform the following tasks:

• activation or termination of gas supply;
• starting the heating system in automatic mode;
• adjustment of the power level of the base burner (due to the presence of a thermostat);
• turning off the operating boiler both in emergency situations and within the user-defined mode;
• output of current indicators to the display ( general level air temperature in the room, the mark to which the working coolant is warmed up, etc.).

More "fancy" modules have additional functionality and offer users unlimited and most convenient conditions for monitoring the operation and controlling the unit. Electronic panels provide full protection of the heating equipment from malfunction and prevent the boiler from freezing.

If the temperature drops sharply in the room, the “smart” system itself starts the heating equipment and turns it off when the dwelling is filled with comfortable warm air.

The option of self-diagnosis, available for individual modules, prevents malfunctions and contributes to the timely detection of faulty parts and assemblies in the system. It makes it possible to notice a breakdown as early as possible and replace some small element even before it creates a real problem for the equipment.

Small breakdowns of the heating system eventually turn into global difficulties and entail financial expenses associated with the repair and dismantling (full or partial) of the equipment. Self-diagnosis helps to identify a malfunction and makes it possible to eliminate it in a timely manner

Electronic automation responsible for safe operation equipment, ensures uninterrupted operation of the boiler, prevents the system from overheating and shuts off the gas supply in the event of a drop in draft or attenuation of the flame in the burner.

The assortment line of volatile automation, presented on the market today, pleases with diversity. Useful and necessary mini-aggregates are produced by world-famous brands and small companies that are just trying to win their place in the sun.

Energy-dependent automation is presented in the form of a control panel, where the user can set the parameters of the equipment that are convenient for him. The cost of a “smart” element is high, but the costs are justified, because with the help of a control unit, you can reduce resource consumption without any damage to your own comfort

Among the models on offer there are both simple products, and more advanced units with a programming option.

On them, the user can choose the most suitable for himself and program the system to work in day / night mode or, focusing on the weather forecast, set a certain level of heating of the house or apartment for a period of 1 to 7 days.

View # 2 - non-volatile units

Non-volatile automation more simple and practical. Management and adjustment are carried out manually using mechanical rotary toggle switches and are not difficult even for those who are far from technology. The device works completely autonomously and does not need to be connected to the central electrical system.

For residential heating and supply hot water in taps, it is enough to turn the control knob in the direction of increasing by 2-3 divisions. If you want to take a bath or shower, the toggle switch must be set to the maximum value.

The product is marked with a digital scale with a list of values ​​from minimum to maximum. To activate, the user selects the desired mark and in this way sets the appropriate operating temperature directly to the boiler.

After these manipulations, it connects and takes control of the specified heating mode. The boiler is actively working until the room warms up to the desired temperature. Then the temperature controller turns off the gas supply to the system and is activated again only when the room becomes colder.

The principle of operation is based on the specific design of the device. Thermocouple built into the heat exchanger gas boiler equipped with a special rod. It is made of a special iron-nickel alloy called invar.

The physical characteristics of this progressive material endow it with the ability to capture minimal temperature fluctuations almost instantly.

If the room gets too hot or too cold, the size of the rod changes. The connecting valve reacts to this and timely shuts off or activates the gas flow to the burner.

The presence of a non-volatile automatic control system allows users to set the most suitable temperature regime for themselves in a house or apartment and save fuel resources without overpaying utility bills

Additionally, non-volatile type automation has sensitive ones. If the pressure in the pipe suddenly decreases or the draft level in the chimney drops for some reason, the supply of the resource immediately stops and gas leakage can be avoided.

Non-volatile automation costs quite reasonable money and, unlike electronic analogues, does not require the purchase and installation of a stabilizer that controls voltage and equalizes unforeseen surges in the central power grid

The correct operation of the flame sensor is ensured by a special plate. During normal and correct functioning of the system, it is in a slightly bent state.

In this way, the part keeps the shut-off valve in the " Open". When the flame becomes smaller, the plate is leveled and the valve closes under its pressure.

Design and principle of operation

Automation that controls the work consists of many elements, conditionally divided into two subgroups. The first includes mechanisms that ensure the full and safe functioning of the boiler itself. The second includes devices that make it possible to operate the heating system in the most convenient and comfortable mode for the user.

Components of the security system

Several modules are responsible for the operational safety of the unit:

1. flame controller- consists of two main parts - a solenoid valve and a thermocouple. Shuts off the gas in a timely and reliable manner and prevents leakage.
2. Thermostat– maintains the set temperature of the coolant and protects the system from overheating. When the coolant cools down to the minimum temperatures, the module starts the boiler into operation, and after fixing the peak-high rates, turns it off, completely relieving the owners of the need to constantly pay attention to the system.
3. Traction control sensor, is responsible for stopping the gas supply to the burner in the event of a change in the basic position of the bimetallic plate, thus preventing gas leakage.
4. Safety valve- monitors the amount of coolant in the circuit.

In addition to all the above useful qualities, automation has a number of additional features that increase the comfort of using the equipment.

The device is auto-igniting gas burner, selects the most efficient operating mode, contributes to the rational use of energy resources and conducts independent diagnostics, saving the owners from all these activities.

The principle of operation of safety automation

Actual normative documents says that the gas boiler security complex must be equipped with a device that stops the operation of the entire system and shuts off the gas supply in the event of an unexpected breakdown or any other force majeure circumstances.

To accomplish this task, automation must control such parameters as:

• gas pressure in the system;
• the presence of a flame of optimal size in the burner;
• full, high-quality traction;
• temperature level of the working coolant.

When in non-volatile mechanical system the gas pressure drops to a critical level, the supply of the resource is immediately stopped. This happens automatically due to the presence of a valve mechanism set to a certain value.

Volatile electronic devices constructed somewhat differently. In them, the above function is performed by a minimum / maximum pressure switch.

With an increase in the number of atmospheres, the membrane with the rod bends, opening the power contacts of the boiler itself. Gas stops flowing and is not supplied until the pressure level is restored.

Troubleshooting and somehow interfering with the basic functionality of the equipment is prohibited by law. Any problems that have arisen can only be corrected by a qualified specialist - an employee of the gas supply company

If the flame disappears in the burner, the thermocouple cools down and stops generating current. After that, the electromagnetic damper in the valve no longer functions, and the gas stops flowing to the burner. When the thrust drops, the bimetallic plate heats up intensively, changes shape and acts on the valve, forcing it to stop supplying fuel.

The temperature of the coolant is kept under control by a thermostat. It ensures that the user-selected warm-up mode is maintained, while preventing the system from overheating and failing.

The nuances of the functioning of the system

Volatile electronic automation in work relies on information received from sensors. The microprocessor and the internal controller analyze this data, process and give the system commands that are best suited for a particular situation.

In order for electronic automation to function normally for a long time, it is necessary to call the wizard annually to inspect the equipment, diagnose the microprocessor and view memory module reports.

Mechanics has a slightly different principle. When the boiler is switched off, the internal gas valve completely covered. At the moment the equipment is started, the washer on the valve is squeezed out and the passage for the fuel resource to the igniter is forced to open. The ignition stimulates the heating of the thermocouple and voltage is generated on it.

This resource uses an electromagnet that maintains the valve in the open position. By turning the washer manually, the user can effortlessly adjust the level and power of their heating equipment.

Overview of popular models and manufacturers

On the market of progressive gas equipment and related elements, automatic equipment from both domestic and foreign manufacturers is represented. By the principle of operation, all devices are exactly the same, however, in terms of design, there are significant differences between them.

The presence of control automation in the system gas heating makes it possible to comfortably heat the room and rationally consume energy resources. With a reasonable approach, savings can range from 30 to 43%

The cost of modules varies in the widest range. Simple mechanical products with a minimum of functions belong to the budget class and are sold at the lowest price. Advanced electronic panels are much more valuable, but provide the user with more advanced options for individual settings and control of work.

Some devices, such as SABC automation, in addition to basic functions, are equipped with a built-in pressure stabilizer. This allows for more precise adjustment of the operation of gas equipment.

Electronic devices with the ability to program are considered luxury. They allow the owner to set a work plan for the equipment for a long period of time, taking into account seasonal weather conditions and current outdoor temperature.

No. 1 - EUROSIT 630 automation

Automatic non-volatile unit EUROSIT 630 manufactured by an Italian company Sit Group (Eurosit) market leader in sales.

It is considered universal and works effectively with parapets and power from 7 to 24 kW. Turning on / off, ignition of the pilot burner and setting the desired temperature are carried out using one handle with a button.

The Eurosit 630 module is a modern unit for controlling gas equipment. Totally coincides international standards and safety requirements for such devices. Has a European quality certificate and a guarantee from the manufacturer

The product has a high level of reliability, withstands significant operating loads and has extensive functionality. Structural elements are "hidden" in the housing, to which the sensor cables and other connecting tubes are connected.

The ignition time of the heating boiler with the help of Eurosit 630 automation is 10 seconds. The gas is immediately supplied to the system and very soon the room warms up to the set temperature.

Inside the unit there is a cut-off valve, a spring valve and a pressure regulator. The gas supply is carried out from below or from the side according to the wishes of the user. The cost of the unit is included in the category of budget.

#2 - Honeywell 5474 module

The Honeywell 5474 device is manufactured by the German concern Honeywell, for more than a hundred years specializing in the development and sale of various kinds automation. Correctly works with household power up to 32 kW.

Honeywell 5474 is a non-volatile heating control device. Equipped with microflare burners made of heat-resistant stainless steel. They provide better combustion of gas, reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and do not allow excess soot to be deposited in the chimney.

The Honeywell 5474 automation system is equipped with a basic set of control functions that guarantee efficient work boiler with absolute safety for users.

The product in auto mode maintains the specified coolant temperature (from 40 to 90 degrees), turns off the boiler in the event of a fuel supply failure, lack of draft of the required level in the chimney, reverse draft or burner extinction.

No. 3 - premium automation from Honeywell

In addition to inexpensive budget models, the company Honeywell produces other types automatic equipment, for example, luxury premium chronothermostats CT series or programmed thermostats Honeywell YRLV430A1005/U.

The YRLV430A1005/U device, with the widest possible functionality, has a friendly interface and does not cause any difficulties for customers in the process of use. The cost of the product is quite high, but still lower than that of competitors offering models similar in characteristics

These electronic panels allow you to set the most detailed and precise settings for the heating equipment, up to changing temperature regime several times a day, depending on the time of day, weather conditions and personal wishes.

No. 4 - Orion device

Automatic device Orion manufactured in Russia. The device is equipped with a piezoelectric ignition and a draft sensor.

The Orion device looks simple and has minimum set functions. Its capabilities are not too great, but, thanks to its loyal cost and elementary control method, the unit is in demand

The device turns off the gas in the event of arbitrary attenuation of the burner or lack of the required draft. When the air temperature in the room drops, the thermostat activates the fuel supply and the operation of the boiler resumes.

The transition to the flame reduction mode when a certain (user-set) temperature is reached occurs automatically and saves fuel resource.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A detailed description of the principle of operation of automation designed for a gas boiler. Interesting features and nuances of control equipment:

How automatic gas heating boiler works. A visual demonstration of the ignition process of a gas unit:

A detailed description of one of the most popular models of automation designed to control and adjust a gas boiler:

Gas heating system controlled by automation is a practical and cost-effective profitable option home heating equipment.

The mechanical controller is distinguished by its low price, reliability and elementary control method. The electronic panel is more expensive, but has advanced functionality that allows you to create maximum comfortable conditions.

It is better to purchase mini-units in company stores where certified goods are sold that meet all the requirements for elements of gas-fired heating systems.

Do you know the intricacies of the operation of gas equipment automation that are not noted in the article? Any questions while reading the material? Please write comments, share your own opinion and photographs on the topic of the article.

One of the key elements influencing the operation of the gas-cylinder equipment system is the electromagnetic gas valve (EGC). Different experts call this system node in different ways, for example, simply a gas valve or solenoid valve HBO. It is about this node of gas-cylinder equipment and will be discussed in our article today.

First of all, it should be noted that inexperienced users often confuse the HBO electromagnetic gas valve and - remember, these are different components of the system that perform completely different functions and have a completely different structure!

The HBO solenoid valve performs a shut-off function in the system, i.e. it opens and shuts off the gas supply to while the car is parked, or while the engine is running on gasoline. It should be noted that without power supply (+12v to the coil), the HBO valve is in the closed state and prevents the flow of gas from the line to the reducer.

HBO valve device

Depending on the models and manufacturer, the HBO valve device may vary, but often consists of the following elements:

• Core;
• Valve with return spring;
• Electric coil with winding;
• Gaskets and seals;
• Coarse filter. Quite often, the HBO valve is equipped with a coarse fuel filter, but this equipment is not required.

Installation and working principle

Installation

It should be noted that different installers of gas equipment systems install a different number of electromagnetic gas valves on a car.

1. The cheapest and most common scheme is the installation of one EHC directly on the evaporator reducer.
2. More expensive scheme implies the presence of two parallel HBO valves: one is installed on the gearbox, the second on the multivalve flow line or after the multivalve and shuts off the gas supply to the line.
3. The last, most reliable and expensive option has three devices parallel to each other: the first one is still on the gearbox, the second (backup or safety) is installed in front of the gearbox, and the third one is on / after the multivalve, near the cylinder.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of the HBO valve is as follows:

• Initially, the HBO valve is in the closed state.
• After the car is ready to switch to gas, the ECU (or the driver, by pressing the "gas-gasoline" button) sends a signal (+12 v) to the EGK coil, the magnetic coil is activated, raising stop valve(a characteristic click is heard).
• After opening the HBO solenoid valve, the gas enters the coarse filter, and then into the evaporator reducer.

Possible malfunctions and breakdowns

Like any element of the system, the HBO gas valve is prone to breakdowns, and since, as we found out above, this element of the system performs a locking function, without its proper operation, the car most likely will not switch to gas. And although the cost of this system node is not high, it is not always possible to purchase a new HBO valve, therefore, in order to repair a broken one, you need to have an idea of ​​the most common breakdowns of this element.

Mechanism pollution

The HBO solenoid valve works in the engine compartment, which means it is exposed to dust, dirt, rust, scale and other debris that can get inside the device, preventing the valve from opening. In this case, disassembly and simple cleaning of the device from foreign objects will help.

Filter clogged

Most valves that are installed in front of the gearbox have a coarse filter, which, although not directly related to valve failure, can provoke unstable operation of the entire HBO system or make it impossible to switch to gas at all. In this case, the filter should be replaced. It is recommended to do this at least 2 times a year or every 10,000 km (whichever comes first).

The solenoid gas valve is a device that allows you to control the flow of natural gas in automatic mode. After the valve relay turns on the electricity supply to the coil, the armature retracts and raises the plunger, opening the free flow of gas into the working area.

After the voltage is turned off, the plunger, due to the valve spring, returns to its position and closes the channel between the inlet and outlet fittings, blocking the gas flow. The main purpose of such a device is the distribution and regulation of the gas supply in pipelines, boilers, columns and other devices.

Article content

Purpose of the gas valve

Electromagnetic automatic gas valves are used very widely, both in everyday life and for industrial purposes. Such a mechanism of the Lovato brand of the VN series is most often used in everyday life to control the supply of gas to household appliances, such as a gas boiler, a column. Same way they are set on the input gas pipeline to cut off the fuel supply if necessary.

The magnetic assembly "Lovato" of the BH series works like a regular valve, which allows you to shut off the gas flow by pressing a button. Such automatic control devices make the use of natural gas much safer.

Installation nuances

1. The solenoid valve "Lovato" of the VN series is installed in the premises after the gas valve. Before it, it is recommended to install a filter in order to avoid clogging of the valve itself.
2. When installing the equipment, pay attention to the arrow on the case. It should show the direction of gas movement.
3. The gas pipeline on which the throttle is installed must be located strictly vertically or horizontally.
4. On pipelines with a small diameter, the valve is installed by means of a thread, with a large diameter - using flanges.

LPG equipment for a car, abbreviated - HBO - the latest, affordable and effective remedy saving car fuel, increasing engine life and reducing emissions of harmful substances into the environment - all in one bottle. Every year, the unfavorable situation in the oil price market and the general deterioration in the quality of gasoline cause a steady desire of car owners to switch to more economical and harmless to the motor principles of operation. The ability to fill with liquefied propane and petroleum gas (methane) has been known since the middle of the 19th century, it appeared simultaneously with gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines and developed in parallel. But only from the end of the 70s of the XX century, gas equipment became truly in demand, and a developed infrastructure of gas stations and gas stations appeared. Maintenance cars.

In the general case, it includes a gas cylinder, from which a gas line extends, at the end it closes the multivalve. Behind it, the gear evaporator puts the gas into working condition and accumulates in portions in the manifold and injects it into the engine through separate nozzles. The process is controlled by a control unit connected to the on-board computer (in more advanced models).

Classification

Today, a huge number of specialized manufacturers offer a wide range of HBO for both carburetor and injection types of engines of any complexity and configuration. Conventionally, all systems are divided into generations, each of which has - own work and the degree of automation of adjustment:

• The first generation is the vacuum principle of dosage of each gas portion. A special mechanical valve reacts to the rarefaction that occurs in the car's intake manifold when the engine is running and opens the way for gas. A primitive device for simple carburetor systems has no feedback from the motor electronics, fine adjustment and other optional add-ons.

• The second generation gearboxes are already equipped with the simplest electronic brains, which, by communicating with an internal oxygen sensor, act on a simple solenoid valve. This principle of operation already allows not only the car to drive as long as, but regulates the composition of the gas-air mixture, striving for optimal parameters. A practical and still widespread device among owners of carbureted cars, but in Europe it has already been banned since 1996 for use for high level pollution environment.

• The demand for representatives of the transitional third generation is quite low. The operation of these high-tech systems is based on autonomous software that creates its own fuel maps. Gas is supplied by a special built-in injector to each cylinder separately. The internal software emulates the operation of petrol injectors using its own hardware. The design turned out to be not very successful, the weak processor of the block hung, causing failures in the smooth operation of the mechanism. The idea was lost when a newer and more developed class of HBO appeared.

• The most common gearboxes today are with a divided injection of a gas-air mixture. This is a completed project of the 3rd generation, but using the car's standard petrol maps in the setup program, which does not burden the computing power of the control unit. Separately, there is a 4+ generation line, designed for direct-flow direct fuel injection systems directly into the FSI engine.

• The latest tool that is being introduced on the auto market is the 5th generation. Key Feature The principle of operation is that the gas does not evaporate in the gearbox, but is injected as liquid directly into the cylinders. Otherwise, it is in full compliance with the 4th generation: split injection, using data from the factory fuel card, automatic switching from gas to gasoline, etc. Other advantages include the fact that the equipment is fully compatible with current environmental standards and the latest on-board diagnostics .

Solenoid multivalve

In all these HBO systems, regardless of the class and principle of operation, such a device as a multivalve plays a key role. It is he who passes and locks the gas, filters the composition of the mixture, selecting harmful substances and impurities (which is why the built-in filter needs to be replaced regularly).

Initially, a conventional mechanical valve had only a shut-off function and was tightly welded directly to the cylinder. The first generation of vacuum type equipment is starting to use a valve with an additional vacuum diaphragm, which plays the role of a vacuum level sensor in the manifold. Further complication of the design and the general unification of the necks of cylinders from various manufacturers led to an increase in the number of simultaneously performed work operations. A modern electromagnetic multivalve for cars consists of a whole set of built-in valves connected by feedback from sensors to an electronic control unit.

Functions of devices integrated in multivalves

• Protect the cylinder from gas leakage

At the time of filling the cylinder with 80% liquefied gas, the filling valve shuts off the fuel supply. Full filling of the actual volume of the cylinder is unacceptable according to safety requirements - under the influence of some external factors, for example, a sharp change in ambient temperature, the gas can expand dramatically, which can be fraught with dangerous consequences when fully loaded (the container can even explode), that is, when the pressure reaches the indicator at 25 atmospheres (standard storage device)

• Adjusting the level of supply to the gas line

The gas pipeline has a special anti-cotton high-speed valve that regulates the rate of fuel supply to the gas pipeline. In addition, it performs another safety function - it prevents potential leakage if deformation or breakage of the auto line occurs.

Emergency fire protection of a car that runs on gas consists in a separate element of the multivalve: the fuse will release fuel through the ventilation unit outside the car if there is a sharp and strong rise temperature (so overpressure in the system) signals a fire that has started in the immediate vicinity of the HBO.

The presence of a fuse automatically transfers the safety category from class B to class A. It is strictly forbidden to install a gas multivalve without such a fuse on a cylinder with a capacity of more than 50 liters.

• Measuring valve

To indicate the amount of remaining gas in the system, another separate filling valve is used, the operation of which is associated with a corresponding magnetic sensor. In injector systems of 3 or more generations, at the moment of automatic transition to gasoline in case of a shortage of alternative fuel, it is the gas measuring valve that closes the line.

• check valve

The second refueling fuse works only on the gas inlet and prevents it from returning back during refueling.

• Standby shut-off valves

Safety comes first: no matter how modern and computerized equipment is, failures, malfunctions, emergencies are always possible. In a position that requires decisive action from the driver of the car, two manual valves can come in handy, which, if necessary, are always able to forcibly shut off the gas flow in the line.

Filtration properties of the multivalve

The standard design of HBO implies the placement of a multivalve in a ventilation unit, which is located directly on the cylinder with a separate removable container. Special hoses go outside to separate impurities and, in case of any danger, release gas away from the car interior.

The air filter, which is equipped with a ventilation box, is recommended to be replaced every 15-20 thousand kilometers in order to avoid severe clogging.

Manufacturers

An electromagnetic multivalve, along with a gearbox and a control unit, is the most important unit of gas equipment, on which the safety of car operation depends, so its choice should be taken as seriously as possible. All major HBO manufacturers offer, among other things, a multivalve in their range, suitable for various generations and shapes of a gas cylinder, as evidenced by the marking Cil (cylindrical) or Tor (toroidal) on the body. The Italian ones are considered to be of the highest quality. trade marks, of which BRC, Tomasetto, Lovato, Atiker can be noted.