Sharpening and manufacturing of worm cutters. Sharpening cutters for metal: end, worm How to sharpen cutters

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• incisors
• dolbyakov

Correctly performed tool sharpening reduces its consumption and, accordingly, increases its resource. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the cutting edges and perform timely sharpening of the tool, avoiding excessive wear and, moreover, its breakage.

Sharpening and manufacturing of worm cutters

The production complex of the Spetsstanmash plant offers a full range of services for the manufacture and repair of metal parts and structures, including: the production and sharpening of milling cutters for metal, wood, cast iron, aluminum, graphite or plastic.

The milling cutter is an important tool in industry and workshops. Represents a detail of various shapes, with distinctive feature sharp teeth. Its main function is the mechanical processing of the harvested material.

The principle of operation of milling is progressive rotary motion cutter teeth.

Depending on the type of tool used, the result is obtained:

• small grooves or grooves when using end mills;
• milling large surfaces;
• baguette cutting, window frames, gear, etc. by means of spiral cutters,
• cutting with a disk cutter (plinth, panel, clapboard lining, wall beam, etc.).

An important characteristic of the cutter is the material of its manufacture, in particular the cutting part. These can be teeth made of high-speed steel, mineral-ceramic, cermet or diamond.

Diamond cutters are considered the most durable due to natural physical characteristics. But, they are the most expensive. All other materials become dull after some time during operation, especially if they are not used correctly. Buying new tools requires high costs, but our skilled craftsmen and high-precision modern equipment allow the quality to perform such a type of repair as sharpening knives for cutters of any geometry:

• sharpening of worm cutters
• sharpening disc cutters
• crown cutters and other types.

Professional work on sharpening cutters increases the durability of the part, and significantly reduces the consumption of cutting teeth.

Sharpening worm cutters: from 600 rubles / PCS. (depending on wear)
Minimum sharpening time: from 10 working days
Minimum order amount: 3500 rub.
* The exact cost can be found using the form or by phone

Cutter sharpening operations maintain the technical and physical characteristics of the parts, thereby extending their working life. There are many approaches to the implementation of such activities, the choice among which is determined by the nature of the operation and the design of the element. The intensity of cutter wear largely depends on its design, based on which the master selects maintenance modes.

For example, the selection of a method for regrinding high-speed parts is guided by the wear of the front surface. On the other hand, sharpening cutters rear surface more suitable for shaped elements. Therefore, it is important to take into account as many operational factors as possible, which will allow you to make the right choice of processing technology.

Types of cutters

Such elements are widely used in the processing of parts on copying, molding and tenoning, milling and other machines. As a rule, this is woodworking equipment, although there are also parts for working with metal blanks. Cutters differ in size, shape and purpose.

In general, two categories of elements are distinguished - end and mounted. The former are distinguished by the presence of a shank, which is fixed in a special niche of the spindle. Products of the second group have a central hole, which allows them to be mounted on the working spindle and securely fixed. Accordingly, such sharpening of cutters differs more high level quality, not to mention the ease of handling parts for the operator. Attached elements can be composite, solid and prefabricated.

A feature of this group is the possibility of forming cutting tool from several milling parts. It is also worth noting the category of end mills, which can be prefabricated and solid. The elements are also divided according to the quality of the backed processing. So, sharpening of cutters with relief surfaces is carried out along the front edge in order to maintain the basic angular indicators.

Mill maintenance

Despite the use of high-strength alloys in the manufacture of cutters, long time operation leads to erasure, as well as deformation of the faces. Over time, worn elements are disposed of, but before the expiration of the working life, the master can restore the characteristics of the part using measures Maintenance. It is important to bear in mind that sharpening cutters allows not only to endow them with the same geometry, providing quality work. This procedure also increases the life of the element, reducing tool consumption. But this does not mean that any cutter can be restored in this way.

Technologists do not recommend bringing the tool to a state of complete wear. Manufacturers of cutters indicate in the markings technical and operational values ​​that are limiting for a particular element, and after overcoming them, the cutting edges cannot be restored.

sharpening process

To perform sharpening, special milling machines, equipped with spindles with an average speed of up to 24,000 rpm. Before starting work on them, the master balances the cutters. It can be done in two ways - dynamic and static. In the first case, the procedure is performed on special machine, which provides not only balancing the force, but also the moment acting on the cutter during rotation. This technique is especially relevant for cases when the cutter is sharpened for metal.

Machine tools for balancing according to the static method involve only balancing the force acting on the cutter. The element is fixed in the frame, after which it is balanced through a device consisting of two horizontal guide knives. Directly sharpening is carried out on special high-precision equipment.

The machines are available in different configurations, both manual and automatic control. Common to all units of this type is the presence of a working surface on the guides. This design solution makes it possible to achieve high accuracy in moving the element, as a rule, with an error of 0.005 mm.

equipment requirements

To ensure high-quality sharpening of cutters, you should not only use the equipment suitable for this task, but also properly prepare it. First of all, the equipment spindles must have sufficient vibration resistance, rotate freely and have minimal runout. Further, the feed mechanism must work stably in all directions provided for by the design without delays and with minimal gaps. Great importance have elevation angle settings - this parameter should also contain high accuracy. For example, sharpening a worm cutter, which is performed on automatic machines, involves setting both a certain angle of elevation and a helical groove pitch. If they are used grinding wheels, then it is important to ensure a secure fit of the replaceable washers and spindles, due to which the working element is precisely fitted.

End Mill Machining

The processing of end elements is most often done manually on universal grinding equipment. Typically, this technique is used to update the performance of a helical tooth tool. In many ways, sharpening end mills is similar to updating cylindrical cutters with a cup wheel. This applies to operations that require the end mill to be centered. seat. Also, similar sharpening is performed on semi-automatic models. AT this case end mills with a diameter of 14 to 50 mm can be serviced. In this case, the processing is suitable for both the back and the front surface.

End mill sharpening

Milling cutters made of as well as some elements equipped with carbide plates are sharpened in assembled form. The main back surface of the face mill is sharpened with a grinding cup wheel. Before performing the same operation on the plane of the secondary rear side, the element is first installed so that its cutting edge is in horizontal position. After that, the axis of the cutter rotates horizontally and at the same time tilts in a vertical plane. In contrast to the scheme, according to which end mills are sharpened, in this case, the position of the workpiece is changed several times. Work with the front surface of the tooth can be carried out by the end part of the grinding disc wheel or by the disk wheel from the peripheral side.

Working with disc cutters

On the rear main surface, the processing of disk elements is carried out by a cup circle. The auxiliary rear surface is made by analogy with end mills, that is, by turning the cutting edges horizontally. At the same time, the features of processing the end teeth of such a tool are noted. In this case, the grinding of disk cutters is carried out along the front surface so that the processed teeth are directed upwards. The cutter itself at this moment should occupy a vertical position. The angle of inclination of the element axis along the vertical must correspond to the position of the main cutting edge.

Features of sharpening cutters for wood

End fittings are sharpened without special devices, usually with a thin diamond bar. This element either lies on the edge of the desktop, or, if the cutter has a deep recess, it is fixed additional tool. The cutter is inserted along a fixed bar. During processing, the bar is periodically wetted with water. When the procedure is completed, the master thoroughly washes and dries the product. As the front surfaces are ground down, the edge becomes sharper, but the diameter of the tool will decrease. If the cutter has a guide bearing, it must be removed first and then the operation can be continued. The fact is that sharpening a cutter on a tree along with a ruined bearing can lead to damage to the element. It is also necessary to clean the tool from the remnants of wood resins with a special solvent.

Features of sharpening cutters for metal

Such elements are less common and at the same time require less effort in the preparation process. Processing is done using grinding wheels suitable grit. In this case, the materials can be different, in particular, the use of parts made of ordinary or white electrocorundum is also common. If you plan to sharpen end mills for metal, made from tool steel, then it is recommended to choose electrocorundum discs. For products with higher characteristics, it is desirable to use CBN wheels. The most productive and efficient sharpening parts are made of silicon carbide. They are used to service cutters made of hard alloys. Before work, the abrasive is cooled, as high temperature loads during the operation can adversely affect the structure of the circle.

Processing of relief milling cutters

Relief elements are used in cases where it is required to increase the stability of the cutting part and reduce surface roughness. The teeth of a backed cutter are processed along the front surface in such a way that after regrinding in a radial section, the profile of the functional edge retains its original parameters until the part is fully exploited. Sharpening of such cutters is also carried out in compliance with a strictly established rake angle. In the case of processing sharp-edged elements, it is necessary to maintain a constant pointing angle.

Finishing cutters

In essence, this is an operation designed to correct the result obtained during the main sharpening process. As a rule, finishing is performed in order to ensure optimal roughness indicators or in cases where it is necessary to correct the sharpening angle of the cutter with working edges. The techniques of abrasive and diamond finishing are quite common. In the first case, the use of fine-grained silicon carbide wheels is assumed, and in the second case, diamond discs on a bakelite bond are supposed to be used. Both techniques make it possible to handle, among other things, carbide tools.

Sharpening quality control

During the verification process, the master evaluates the geometric parameters of the cutting surfaces for compliance technical requirements. In particular, the runout of the cutter is determined, as well as the degree of roughness of the finished or sharpened planes. Auxiliary devices can be used in the control of parameters directly at the workplace. For example, if the end mill was sharpened on wood material, then the specialist can measure the angles along the working edges. For this, a goniometer is used, in which the scale is presented in the form of an arc. Special ones are also used to evaluate other parameters, again, most of them are focused on checking the geometric data of the cutter.

Conclusion

The need for machining cutting tools persists even in the age of high technology. The only change in this regard has been with the milling equipment control systems. Appeared automatic devices, allowing to optimize the process of handling blanks. However, milling cutters, bits and other processing metal elements are still performed using abrasives. Of course, there are alternative technologies that allow you to restore the geometry of parts, but so far there is no need to talk about their wide distribution. This applies to laser technologies, hydrodynamic machines, as well as installations that have a thermal effect. At this stage of their development, for economic reasons, many enterprises still prefer traditional methods sharpening.

Sharpening cutters is an operation to restore cutting properties that have been lost as a result of tooth wear.

The modern equipment that our company uses allows us to sharpen cut-off cutters with perfect accuracy:

• when sharpening cutters, like any other tool, we observe all the necessary parameters;

• provide maximum amount tool regrinding in the future;

• we provide the best performance in the processing of materials, the absence of chips, an increase in the service life of the cutter between sharpening.

Well-executed sharpening of the cutter increases its durability, which significantly reduces the consumption of the cutting tool. If you have been using the cutter for quite a long time or are just planning to use it, then remember that the amount of cutter wear should not exceed the established optimal values, which are taken as the blunting criterion. In order to keep the cutter in its almost original form, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the cutting edges and, of course, sharpen the cutter in time, trying to prevent too much wear or breakage of the teeth.

As a rule, sharpening of a disk cutter is carried out on universal grinding machines. In order for the sharpening process to take place correctly, it is necessary to comply with the existing and introduced certain standards for allowable runouts, established quality assurance for cutting edges and surface quality.

Our company offers you the highest quality work. Turning to us, you turn to highly qualified professionals in their field who approach the performance of their work with all responsibility.

Sharpening cutters with us will ensure a long life and performance of your tool, ensure reliability of operation, since a dull cutter is very dangerous! Keep this in mind when performing a specific task for which you may need this tool. And in case of malfunctions or approaching the end of the resource of cutting discs, please contact our company.

Rules for accepting disc cutters for regrinding

1. To carry out sharpening of disc cutters, an "Agreement for the processing of customer-supplied raw materials" must be concluded between the customer and the contractor.

2. Cutters are accepted only if there is an invoice form M-15 from the Customer, in which it is necessary to indicate the contract number and the range of disk cutters.

3. When handing over cutting disc cutters for regrinding, the Customer must receive from the Contractor an “Inspection Order” signed by the Contractor, which indicates the cost and deadline for the work.

4. Receipt of cutters is carried out only by proxy.

In the modern variety of services on the market building materials, it is easy to find help in sharpening cutters.

But don't rush this work you can do it yourself. This is typical not only for work on sharpening cutters, but also for other types of work.

The milling machine has two chucks as standard different configuration. One of them for three spade cutters, and the second for two and four spade cutters. It is difficult to make a mistake in this case, since if the number of cutter feathers is incorrectly set, it is not possible to insert the cutter into the cartridge.

Having decided on the choice of cartridge, you can proceed to the direct stages of sharpening cutters:

• sharpening on a ribbon;
• edge sharpening.

Ribbon sharpening

One of the appropriate cup sockets must be used. From standard set collets we select the corresponding collet in size (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm).

We put the collet into the chuck and fix it with a clamping nut. This procedure is done without any effort, the clamping nut rotates freely and does not need to be tightened.

1. In the nest of the glass, we set the length of the tape to be sharpened. As a rule, this distance is adjusted by unscrewing the screws located in the cup socket. By moving the bottom of the socket up or down, select the length, and then fix the screws back.
2. We install the cutter in the chuck through the upper hole, while setting the diameter of the cutter and the sharpening angle on the adjusting screw in advance. We fix the prepared cartridge in a glass, while correctly setting the lines of the cutter in relation to the element to be sharpened. That is, with its grooves, the cutter should cling to the pin.
3. Then we turn on the machine and with the feed regulator we bring the cutter to grinding wheel until the sound of contact begins and we sharpen the cutter ribbon from all sides. Removal of metal from the cutter being sharpened can be reduced and increased using the regulators installed on the machine. This adjustment is necessary when changing the diameter of the cutter and correcting existing irregularities on the machined cutter.

Edge cutter sharpening

To sharpen the cutter on the end, you must use the second socket for the cartridge located on the machine.

In this case, you need to do the steps described earlier to set the diameter and length.

1. Depending on the hardness of the metal being processed, the settings on the socket are set. The harder the metal, the more the socket ring turns towards the “+” sign.
2. Next, turn on the machine, insert the prepared cartridge with the cutter into the socket and process the part until the characteristic noise stops. Each groove of the cutter is machined.
3. In the additional socket of the machine, the cutter is sharpened from the end, for which the above steps are performed.
4. The last operation is the processing of the back wall of the cutter, which is carried out by inserting the chuck with the cutter into the corresponding socket of the machine.
5. Thus, the cutter was sharpened in compliance with all the required geometric features separately and in relation to each other. Sharpening is uniform on all sides.

Do-it-yourself cutter sharpening

This procedure can be performed by yourself and use improvised means.

Such an opportunity will save money, and in case of repeated use, it will save valuable time.

1. First, we clean the cutter from soot, for which we use a special liquid, similar to those used to clean car engines. It is necessary to fill the cutter and wait about three minutes, then clean the cutter from all sides with a brush.
2. Next, we take a diamond bar and begin to sharpen the cutter along the leading edge (the movement of the cutter channel along the diamond bar).
3. The bar is wetted with ordinary water. After sharpening, wipe the cutter with a cloth.

The quality of manual sharpening differs significantly from sharpening using a special machine, but the manual version saves time.

All photos from the article

Now manufacturers produce many types and sizes of cutters designed for processing different materials, including wood. You can sharpen a blunt fixture with your own hands on a universal or special machine, as well as manually.

Features of cutters

For the production of cutters are used different materials. Tool steels are suitable for wood: high-speed, alloy and carbon. For the processing of metal, plastic, ceramics, stone-like materials, hard alloys, diamonds, elbor, and mineral ceramics are used.

Steel for wood cutters

1. For cutting wood, the following grades of tool steels are used: U-9-A, U-8-A, U-7-A, XV-5, 9-XC, KhG, KhVG.
2. High speed steel can be normal performance. These are the brands R-18, R-6-M-5, R-9, R-12, etc. High performance metal alloyed with vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum and tungsten. These are the brands R-6-M-3, R-18-F-2-K-5, R-9-F-2-K-10, R-9-F-2-K-5, etc.

Note!
If the cutter has soldered teeth, this does not always mean that they are made of carbide.
It can also be high speed steel.

Tooth geometry

By design, the cutters of the cutters are divided into sharp-sharpened (pointed) and backed.

1. For sharpened teeth, the back surface area (width n) adjacent to the cutting part is a plane. Such incisors are sharpened along the back surface. However, if necessary, you can sharpen them along the front edge.
2. For backed cutters of shaped cutters, the back surface has the form of an Archimedes spiral. Its processing is technically very difficult. Therefore, such teeth are sharpened exclusively along the front edge.

Each tooth is a separate incisor.

It has standard parameters: rear (a) and front (y) angles, sharpened surface area (n), slope angle (l).

1. Site n is the area of ​​the back surface of the cutter, which is ground during turning. In this place, the teeth wear out the most, their size affects the friction force between the cutter and the workpiece. Because of this given surface should be kept within the normal range.
2. The leading edge angle (y) is measured between the tangent to the leading edge and the cutter radius.
3. The basic back angle (a) is measured between the tangent to the back edge at the normalized point of the main sawing edge and the tangent to the rotational circle of this point. This angle, when reduced, reduces the friction between the workpiece and the cutter.
4. Additional back angle (a1) not all cutters have. It describes the expanded clearance between the cut surface and the body of the cutter. The instruction speaks of the need to sharpen this gap with a certain wear of the cutter and expansion of the platform n. The purpose of the operation is to reduce friction between the tooth and the workpiece.

1. Based on the direction and configuration of the cutting edge, the teeth are helical or straight. Their slope describes the angle (l) between the tool axis and the developed helical edge.

The value of the angle depends on the type of cutter, the brand of its material and the type of workpiece being processed. When cutting wood, the main front angle of sharpening is selected in the range of 10-20 degrees, sometimes more. The back angle also fluctuates in a wide range of values.

Methods for sharpening "wooden" end mills

End shaped tools for wood can be sharpened by hand using a thin diamond stone. The cost of performing this operation by a specialist is also low.

Manual work

1. The block should be laid on the edge of the workbench. If the cutter has a deep recess, it must be fixed. The cutter should be driven along the already fixed emery.
2. During operation, the bar must be cooled with soapy or clean water.
3. The front part of the cutter is gradually ground off, its edge is sharpened, and the diameter is slightly reduced.

Note!
When the fixture has a removable guide bearing, it must be removed before sharpening.
In an attempt to save time, you can ruin it and the entire cutter.

By changing the position of the copier needle so that its end touches different points of the tooth groove (for example, center, edge), you can change the values ​​of the rear angles a and a1.

Now about sharpening end cutters.

1. For this purpose, the shaped cutter should be placed in such a position that the tooth to be sharpened will be in an exactly horizontal position.
2. The grinding system of the E-90 machine has a ring with graduation. It makes it very easy to position the end cutters strictly horizontally.

1. When to apply grinding machine, in the configuration of which there is no such device, you can use a square to set the cloves.
2. When the cutter has taken the desired position, you can begin work. It is carried out by shifting the edge of the grinding disk along the edge of the tooth.
   
3. The value of the angle of turning can be changed by shifting the circle vertically or by tilting the spindle with the cutter.

Conclusion

Sharpening is a rather complicated operation. Refers to the process should be extremely careful. After all, the further efficiency of work with wooden blanks. The video in this article will continue to acquaint you with the nuances of sharpening.