Future Perfect is an expression of the completion of an action in the past. Future Perfect Tense - Future Perfect Tense

This article is dedicated to those who have reached a certain time Future Perfect is rarely used, but adds zest to the speaker's speech and makes it clear to the interlocutor that his knowledge of English grammar is simply excellent. This grammatical tense belongs to the category of complex future tenses and is used only in certain cases. The main condition for use is the end of the action by the specified date in the future.

Using the Future Perfect

In English grammar, this aspectual-temporal form refers to perfect (perfect) tenses. The Future Perfect form is the same tense as the Past Perfect, only for the future. The Future Perfect tense speaks of any action that will begin in the future and end by a certain date. future perfect examples

Indicators of the future perfect tense are certain pointer words. As mentioned above, if we want to express the end of an action and a situation by a certain moment, we use the Future Perfect. Examples of pointers of this time:

• by (to a certain point in the future);
• by the time (by a specific time);
• by then (until that time);
• by tomorrow (until tomorrow);
• before (before), until / till (before / before).

Untill and till are used exclusively in negatives. When is also a pointer.

Future Perfect: Example Sentences and Usage

Consider the cases when this time is used.

He plans to resign from work in a year. He will have worked for 6 years for this organization by then. He plans to quit his job in a year. By then he will have been with the organization for six years.

It should be remembered that after using the unions when, before, until / until, the present tense is used, even if the situation itself in the Russian translation is described in the future tense. This is a feature of the Future perfect. Examples with translation into Russian are presented below.

She won't have stopped quarelling until we agree with her. She won't stop arguing until we agree with her.

Sam will have sold an old lorry before his mother returns from a trip to Alaska. Sam will sell the old truck before his mother returns from her trip to Alaska.

Future Perfect Education Formula

The formula for forming the future perfect tense is quite simple: subject + verb will have + verb c (if it is correct) or the third type of irregular verb.

I / You / He / She / We / They + will have + semantic verb in the third form (which carries a semantic load).

it general scheme education Future perfect. Examples of constructing sentences:

• I will have redone this work by the time he arrives. I will redo this work by the time he arrives.
• Zak will have visited his granny by the end of spring. Zach will visit his grandmother before the end of spring.

Comparative analysis of Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous: usage examples

Often, English learners are faced with the question: what time to choose, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous?

The future perfect continuous is the rarest of the language. It has one single function and is practically not used in the speech of native speakers. English and Americans usually use the future simple or continuous tense and other constructions to express future actions, with which English abounds. However, in one exceptional case, it is necessary to use the Future Perfect Continuous. Let's consider it in detail.

This aspect-temporal form describes a situation that will begin before another action in the future and will continue at this moment. With the help of this tense, emphasis is placed on the fact that the action will continue at some point.

• We will have been studying maths for 5 years next month. - We will start studying mathematics already for 5 years next month.
• By the first of April we will have been prepearing for an exam for a year. - The first of April will be the year we prepare for the exam.

It should be remembered that after by, when and some other unions, the future tense is not used. It is being replaced by the present. In the affirmative form of the perfect-long tense, to be is used in the aspect-temporal form of Future Perfect and the basic semantic verb, to which the so-called "ing" ending is added. Thus, unlike the future perfect tense, the emphasis here is on the duration of the action. Also, the second distinctive feature of a long time is that one situation occurs before another and will be completed at some time period or moment.

Long name, long education formula and only one function in the language. If you guessed it, we are talking about the Future Perfect Continuous or the Future Perfect Continuous and everything connected with it: the rules of education, cases of use, pointer words.

Name

In English, there is not one, or even two ways of expressing the future tense. But today is not about that, or rather about one of the many means - about the temporary form of Future Perfect Continuous. It is translated into Russian as the Future Perfect Long time. With the concept of Future (Future) everything is simple: it describes an event that will occur in the future. But what kind of action this is - helps to understand the aspect of Perfect Continuous (Perfect-long or Perfect Long).

Already from the name it becomes clear that it indicates that the described action is a process that began and continued before another action or until a certain period of time. Combining these two components - time and aspect, we get the rule: the temporal form Future Perfect Continuous means that we have an event that will come before another future event and will last at this moment.

Rules and examples of Future Perfect Continuous tense

An explanation of when the Future Perfect Continuous is used and what it means will become clear with the help of sentences in English with translation:

Nextyear a famous scientist will have been studying animal habits for 10years- Next year it will be 10 years since the famous scientist has been studying the habits of animals.

When my sisters come home my mother will have been cleaning the flat for one hour- When my sisters come home, my mother will have been cleaning the room for an hour.

In all three examples before us are lengthy actions: will have been studying - studies, will have been taking part - takes part, will have been cleaning - cleans. The described events last for a certain period (for 10 years - for 10 years, for how many days - for how many days, for one hour - for one hour) and will last until a specific moment in the future (next year - in the next year, by that time - by this time).

However, they may stop during this period or continue further. The event can continue not only until the set time, but also until the intended action, as given in the third sentence: when my sisters come - when my sisters come.

Pay attention to the words that describe a specific time in the future. They are Future Perfect Continuous time markers. Other pointer words can be added to the same list: till/until - before, for 5 weeks - for five weeks, by the end of the hour/day/month/year - by the end of the hour/day/month /of the year.

Education

The long name of time implies a long formula of education. Indeed, it consists of several formulas combined into one. Will/Shall is an auxiliary verb in the future tense (Future). The construction of the Perfect aspect is the combination of the auxiliary verb have + the 3rd form of the verb, and the Continuous - be + verb + -ing. Their addition leads to the following construction: subject + will/shall + have been + main verb + -ing. The table tells how it “works” in practice in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences:

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According to classical rule of English language for the first person singular and plural, the auxiliary verb of the future tense is shall (I/ We shall). But modern language simplifies the existing order and therefore the use of will instead of shall is not a mistake.

What have we learned?

Today we answered a number of questions about the Future Perfect Continuous time: when it is used, a grammatical formula, a negative and interrogative construction, basic pointer words.

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Many people think that once Future Perfect(completed tense) belongs to the most difficult group of English tenses (Perfect), it is not easy to master it.

But this is not so, and now you will see everything for yourself.

This tense is used when you want to say that in the future you will do something by a certain moment. For example: “I will lose weight by the summer. She will have finished the report by Wednesday. We'll fix the car before my father comes."

As you can see, we say that in the future we will get a certain result in the future, so this is perfect - perfect tense.

Knowing this time will greatly diversify your speech and make it richer.

In this article, I will explain to you when to use the Future Perfect and how to correctly build sentences in this tense.

From the article you will learn:

If you are unfamiliar with Perfect times, I advise you to start with the following articles:

Rules for using the Future Perfect tense in English

When we use the Future Perfect

1. Time Future Perfect (future perfect / completed) we use when we say that we will finish something (we will get a result) by a certain point in time in the future.

For example: I will have read this book by the weekend.

2. This tense can also be used to say that one action will end before another happens.

For example: They will clean the apartment before their parents arrive.

As you can see, understanding the use of this time is very simple. Let's take another look at an illustrative example.

For example, today you are thinking of writing a book, or maybe you have even started writing it. And you tell your friends that by the end of the year (one month, one week, etc.) you will write it. That is, you will have a finished result - a written book.

So that you do not confuse Future Perfect with other future tenses, let's look at their difference.

Difference between Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous

All these 3 tenses are very easy to distinguish. Let's see how they differ.

Difference between Future Simple and Future Perfect

Future Simple is translated as "future simple".

We use it when we talk about an action that will happen in the future. Read more about this time.

Let's look at an example:

I will fly to New York.
I will fly to New York.

In this sentence, we are talking about action as fact which will happen in the future.

Now let's look at the sentence in Future Perfect:

In this sentence, you are saying that by a certain point in the future (Friday), the action will already be over and you will receive result You will be in New York City.

Difference between Future Continuous and Future Perfect

Future Continuous is translated as "future continued".

We use this tense when we want to emphasize duration of action. That is, the action will begin in the future and will last for some time. You can read more about this time in this article.

Let's look at an example:

I will be flying to New York this time.
I will be flying to America at this time.

That is, we say that in the future we will sit on a plane and will be in the process of flying for some time.

Let's go back to our proposal in Future Perfect:

I will have flown to New York by Friday.
I'll be in New York by Friday.

You do not care how long you will be in flight, that is, the duration / process of action. important to you result- your landing and location in New York.

Tenses comparison table: Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous

Education of the Future Perfect tense in English

Sentences in the completed future tense are formed using:

• auxiliary verb have, which we putinto the future tense, adding will to it. It turns out will have;
• verb in the past tense.

Verbs in the past tense

Verbs in the Future Perfect are in the past tense. There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb, this form is formed as follows:

• if the verb is correct, then we add the ending -ed to it: cook - cooked, finish - finished.
• if the verb is irregular, then we put it in the 3rd form: do - done, eat - eaten

There is no rule by which one can determine the correct or irregular verb in front of us. The only way to find out is by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.

Same with forms. irregular verbs. They must be memorized or looked up in a dictionary.

The scheme for the formation of an affirmative sentence in Future Perfect (future perfect tense):

Actor + will have + regular verb with ending -ed or 3rd form of an irregular verb

I will have cleaned our home by the time you come.
I will have cleaned our house by the time you arrive.

She will have passed her exams by the end of summer.
She will pass her exams by the end of the summer.

Complex sentences in Future Perfect

If you are talking about an action that will be completed before some other action happens in the future, then:

• in the first part we use Future Perfect (future completed) - we are talking about an action that we will finish in the future
• In the second part of the sentence, we use the present tense ( Present Simple) - we are talking about the action that will happen after.

Wherein the verb (action) in the part where we use Present Simple will be in the initial form.

For example:

I will have read this article before you return.
I will read this article before you return.

If in the second part actor - he she it, we add ending -s to our verb (action):

They will have cooked dinner by the time she come s.
They will have prepared dinner by the time she arrives.

Abbreviations

We can abbreviate will in such a sentence.

will = "ll

For example:

They "ll have built a house by the winter.
They will build a house for winter.

Words used in the future perfect tense

Very often in Future Perfect tense we use the following expressions:

by…- to…
by the end of…- by the end…
by the time…- by the time when…
by then- by that time
before- before
when- when

She will have finished it by the end of month.
She will finish it by the end of the month.

They will have built this house by then.
They will have built this house by then.

We will have fixed it by Monday.
We'll fix it by Monday.

Negative sentences in Future Perfect in English

To say that you won't finish an action by a certain point, we use negation.

To form a negative sentence in the future complete tense, we add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will.

Negative sentence scheme in Future Perfect:

Actor + will + not + have + regular -ed verb or 3rd form of an irregular verb

He will not have repaired a car by then.
He won't have fixed the car by then.

We will not have read an article by the time she calls.
We won't have read the article by the time she calls.

Reduction

We can abbreviate will and not as follows:

will + not = won't

For example:

They won't have finished his work by evening.
He won't finish his work by tonight.

Interrogative sentences in Future Perfect in English

To ask if something will be finished by a certain time, we put will at the top of the sentence.

Interrogative sentence scheme in Future Perfect:

Will + character + have + regular -ed verb or 3rd form of an irregular verb

Will they have painted the walls before we return?
Will they paint the walls before we get back?

Will she have watched the movie by then?
Will they have seen the movie by then?

Question answers in Future Perfect

The answer to the question can be positive or negative.

Also we can give:

• short answer
• full answer

Short positive answer in the future perfect tense contains the word yes, the protagonist and the auxiliary verb will have:

Will will have.
Will they make it by Friday? Yes.

Short no answer starts with no, and we add the particle not to will.

Will won't have.
Will they make it by Friday? No.

Full positive response looks like an affirmative sentence, only at the very beginning we put yes.

Will they have done it by Friday? Yes, they will have done it by Friday .
Will they make it by Friday? Yes, they will do it by Friday.

Full negative answer looks like a negative sentence, only at the very beginning we put no.

Will they have done it by Friday? No, they won't have done it by Friday .
Will they make it by Friday? No, they won't make it by Friday.

So, we have analyzed the time of Future Perfect. Let's practice making sentences at this time.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. He will have bought a new car by then.
2. She won't cook dinner before we come.
3. Will they have completed this project by the end of the year?
4. He will have painted this picture by Friday.
5. We will not have translated the article by 5 o'clock.
6. Will you be back by the time we leave?

How often do we plan to achieve any success in the future, discuss, negotiate deadlines. Future Perfect will help you convey your aspirations, goals and intentions in English.

Like all other perfect tenses, Future Perfect speaks of the completion of an action, but in the future. The form is very similar to its counterparts Perfect, but it has fewer uses. And some of them have a spicy twist.

Education

As with all future tenses, you will need auxiliary verbs will/ shall. Remember that shall is used with the subjects I and we, and with all the rest will. Although this feature is a little contradicting itself. The rules of modern English allow the use of will with all pronouns. In addition, we will need have, which in this tense also functions as an auxiliary verb. The predicate is in the form V 3 or V ed(3rd column of irregular verbs or, if the verb is regular, then add - ed). Let's take a look at how it all fits together. various types offers.

And of course, in order for your speech to quickly reach the thoughts of the interlocutor, you can use short or abbreviated forms . They are absolutely standard.

I shall = I'll, They will = they'll

I shall have spent = I'll have spent

shall not= shan't

will not = won't

He won't have spent

Using Future Perfect Tense

Fortunately, this tense has only two uses that are easy to understand.

• Action will end at some point in the future , which can be indicated by a time circumstance, for example, before (before), by (to), by the time (by that time), by then (by that time or then) or another future action. Often conjunctions such as till/untill are used, which are used only in negative sentences. Let's take a look examples Perfect in this sense.

The match will have been finished by 9.30. The match will end at 9:30.

Tomorrow is Ted and Ann's wedding anniversary. Tomorrow these man and woman will have been married for 25 years. It's Ted and Anna's birthday. Tomorrow, this man and woman will have been married for 25 years.

I think the game will have finished by the time when he comes. — I think the game will be over when he comes.

Chuck came to Russia some years ago. Next week he will have been here two years. Chuck came to Russia a few years ago. On the next week It will be 2 years since he is here.

When Tom arrives, Jill will have gone to bed. When Tom arrives, Jill will be sleeping.

I will not have finished this work till you bring me my books. I won't finish my work until you bring my books.

Unfortunately, she will not have spoken to him untill he calls. Unfortunately, she won't talk to him until he calls.

• Another case of use, which slightly complicates the picture of the perfect future tense with its specific features, can be called the transfer past intended action. It translates into Russian as “probably”, “should be”. But, you can immediately calm down, you will not often find such a phrase in colloquial speech. This construction, with a probability value, is more used in newspapers, magazines and other articles.

Everybody will have read in the papers about the president's decision. “Everyone must have read in the papers about the President's decision.

The reader will have noticed crazy prices on the market. The reader has probably noticed the crazy prices on the market.

Comparison of future tenses with Future Perfect

This tense is also used in Passive Voice. The cases of application are identical to the active voice, but the form is slightly different.

will/ shall + have + been + V 3 (V ed)

The text will have been translated by the next lesson. — The text will be translated by the next lesson.

The composition will have been written by 5 o'clock tomorrow. The letter will have been written by 5 o'clock.

That's all the information on Future Perfect. In terms of education, you will have to strain a little and remember, but in the use of this tense, the task is much easier. If the moment or event is indicated by which the main action will be completed, then feel free to use the future completed tense.

One of the most difficult tenses for a Russian-speaking person in English is the Future Perfect Continuous Tense. This is due to the fact that there is simply no analogue to the future perfect continuous in Russian. In the Future Perfect Continuous, we are always talking about two actions in the future, one of which will begin earlier, but will continue at the time of the other. In Russian, this time corresponds to phrases like: “I will have been working on this project for three hours by the time my colleague returns” or “I will have been sleeping for two hours at night when your plane lands.” Of course, a Russian person sometimes thinks in this way, but in general it is not very common for us to compare two actions in the future. However, native English speakers do not refer to this time too often.

In fact, making friends with Future Perfect Continuous is not at all difficult. After all, there are very few cases of using this tense in English. You just have to remember the scheme for constructing sentences with the future perfect continuous. BUT, which are quite easily recognizable and often intuitive, will help to determine with certainty that it is about this tense.

When is the Future Perfect Continuous used?

As we have already said, there are very few situations in which we turn to Future Perfect Continuous, and to be precise, there are only two:

1. If we are talking about long-term actions, the duration of which is indicated at a certain point in the future. For example, By the time of his birthday they have been dating for 5 years. - By his birthday, they will have been dating for 5 years.
2. If a long-term action that began earlier will cause a subsequent action in the future. For example, She will be tired when she gets home because she will have been traveling for over 24 hours. She will be tired when she gets home because by then she will have been on the road for more than 24 hours.

It is also important to note here that if subordinate clause in a statement with Future Perfect Continuous there is a conjunction when (when), then we are not referring to Future Simple, but to Present Simple:

When I finish(and not I "ll finish) my work she will have been sleeping for over an hour. - When I complete my work, she will have been sleeping for over an hour.

How are sentences constructed in the future perfect continuous tense?

Future Perfect Continuous in terms of grammar is a fusion of three tenses: future simple (Future Simple), perfect (Perfect) and simple long (Continuous). Therefore, elements of all three of the above-mentioned English tenses will participate in the formation of this temporary construction. From Future Perfect Continuous takes the auxiliary verb will, from the perfect - have been, and from the long - ing form of the semantic verb. We can also say that we get the future perfect continuous tense by adding the auxiliary verb to be in the form Future Perfect (will have been) to the semantic verb with ending ing. From here we derive a simple formula for constructing an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect Continuous:

Subject + will have been + semantic verb ending in ing.

Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives. Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives.

By the end of the year Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years. - By the end of the year, Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years.

By the time she gets here, we will have been working for 12 hours. - By the time she arrives here, we will have been working for 12 hours.

At the same time, in most often act as circumstances of time and are placed both at the beginning and at the end of the sentence.

The question is constructed by rearranging the subject and the auxiliary verb will:

Interrogative word (if available) + will + subject + have been + Ving?

Will they have been eating cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee? - Will they have been eating cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee?

Will I have been feeling better by the time the exams start? - Will I feel better by the time the exams start?

Will I have been working for 5 hours when he finds us? - I will have been working for 5 hours, when will he find us?

In order to express any negative thought, you will need to place a negative particle not (in the abbreviated form won "t) between will and have been:

Subject + will + not + have been + Ving.

By the end of the year Kate will not have been studying Spanish for 3 years. - By the end of this year Kate won't be teaching Spanish over the course of three years.

By the time you bring them coffee they will not have been eating cake for 15 minutes. - By the time you bring them coffee, they won't have eaten cake for 15 minutes.

We won "t have been living here for 5 years by next June. - We will not have lived here for 5 years by next June.

Future Perfect Continuous: markers

Future Perfect Continuous markers- these are most often whole phrases, that is, rather cumbersome constructions, although there are also separate words. It is not difficult to memorize the indicators of the future perfect continuous tense. In fact, the list of markers of this time includes a couple of words and several constructions of the same type.

Time Pointers Future Perfect Continuous. List

• Till and until (not yet).I will have been watching TV until you come. - I'll watch TV until you come.
• for 2 (3, 4, 5...) hours (during/already 2, 3, 4, 5... hours).When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours. - When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours.
• for 2 (3, 4, 5...) weeks (during/already 2, 3, 4, 5... weeks).By the end of the summer the workers will have been constructing this swimming pool for 3 weeks. - By the end of the summer, the workers will have been building the pool for 3 weeks.
• for a year (2, 3, 4... years) - during the year (2, 3, 4 years).By the end of the year they will not have been dating for 2 years. By the end of the year, they will not have met for 2 years.
• by the end of the hour (by the end of the hour).By the end of the hour she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes. - By the end of the hour, she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes.
• by the end of the morning/evening (by the end of the morning/evening).By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours. By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours.
• by the end of the day (by the end of the day).By the end of the day my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours. By the end of the day my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours.
• by the end of the month (by the end of the month).By the end of the month I will have been studying English for 10 days. - By the end of the month I will be learning English for 10 days.
• by the end of the year (by the end of the year).By the end of the year John will have been working there for 10 months. - By the end of the year, John will have been working there for 10 months.

It turns out that to recognize Future Perfect Continuous help pointer words till/until and phrases beginning with the prepositions for and by. That is, if the statement refers to the fact that by the end of a certain period and/or during a certain time interval, actions will take place, then, most likely, we are talking about the future perfect continuous tense.

Examples with Future Perfect Continuous

In order to get used to the peculiarities of this time, it is recommended to read as much as possible and make sentences on your own. For a start, you can take ready-made examples as a sample, adapting them to your needs. life situations. When buildingFuture Perfect Continuous pointer wordsare extremely important. Without them, the sentence of the future perfect continuous would be incomplete. By this time, we can refer to describe both ordinary situations related to work, study, leisure, and to predict some important events from the world of science and art that will happen in the future. Here are some more example sentences with Future Perfect Continuous:

1. Betsy won't have been living in London for five years next summer. - By next summer, Betsy won't have been living in London for five years.
2. By 10 o "clock Jacky will have been writing the article for 3 hours non-stop. - By 10 o'clock, Jacky will have been writing the article for three hours non-stop.
3. They won "t have been waiting for more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives. - They will not wait more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives.
4. By the end of the month my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years. - By the end of the month, my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years.
5. Next week this American scientist will have been studying the human brain for 5 years. - Next week it will be 5 years since this American scientist has been studying the human brain.
6. For how many years will James have been taking part in the Film Festival in Moscow by that time? - How many years will James take part in the film festival in Moscow by then?
7. When my parents come home my brother will have been talking to his friend for 3 hours. - When my parents come home, my brother will talk to his friend for 3 hours.
8. How long will you have been talking to your friend when the film starts? How long will you be talking to your friend when the movie starts?
9. She won "t have been listening to music for 2 hours when you come. - She will not listen to music for 2 hours when you come.
10. By the end of the year people will not have been living on the moon for a year. - By the end of the year, people won't be living on the moon for a year.
11. By July I will have been studying English for five months. - By July I will have been studying English for five months.
12. He will have been working at that company for 5 years when it finally closes. - He will work for this company for 5 years when it finally closes.

In addition to the above time markers, starting with the words by the end, the preposition for, and the union when (when), in the examples presented, you can also notice suchtime indicators Future Perfect Continuous, as, for example, the adjective next, which is generally characteristic of the future.

It is important to understand that some sentences in the Future Perfect Continuous may sound ridiculous when translated literally into Russian. A Russian-speaking person is unlikely to say that by the end of this month, his aunt will have been married to his uncle for 10 years. After all, the same idea can be formulated much more simply by saying that at the end of the month the relatives have a wedding anniversary. That is why the translation of phrases with Future Perfect Continuous can sometimes cause some difficulties. To avoid this, it is important to understand in what cases this tense is used.