Rules for adding s. End of Ing, ED and S in English

End of the English language occupy an important place in grammar. Despite the fact that there are only three types of endings, each of them has an important grammatical load. The endings are needed for education, obtaining a verb of the formation of a drawing case and time forms of the Continuous group, obtaining some forms and in many other grammatical cases, each of which should be disassembled in more detail.

End S / ES

One of the most common endings of the English language is the end of S / ES. Adding this end helps to obtain a multiple number of nouns, drawing case and the verb of the 3rd face of the singular time in time.

Verbs

In the time of Present Simple, the verb shape in the third party is the only number with the end of -S / -ES.

Mary Makes A Pizza - Mary makes pizza.
The Moon Goes Round The Earth - The moon rotates around the Earth.
Jim Likes to Lie - Jim loves to lie.

Plural

Almost all nouns in English form a multiple number by adding the end -S / ES.

cat - Cats. (Cat - Cats)
ball - Balls. (ball - balls)
eagle - Eagles. (Eagle - Eagles)
pen - Pens. (handle - handles)

If the word ends on -sh, -ch, -z, -x, -o or -ss, the multiple number has a form -es.

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witch - Witches. (Witch - Witch)
potato - Potatoes. (potato - potatoes)
fox - Foxes. (Fox - Fox)
bush - Bushes. (bushes - bushes)
class - Classes (Class - Classes)

Possessive

The endings of words in the attractive case are always written through the apostrophe. In the case when the noun is already ends on -S or stands in a plural, only apostrophe is added instead of the end.

iT IS John's Pen - This is a john handle.
ALICE'S BEST FRIEND - The best friend Alice.
tHE CHILDREN'S GRANDFATHER - Grandfather of children.
kids' Textbook. - Textbook of children.

Ending ED.

An Angruisk uses the end -ed -ed form to form the second form of the correct verb of Past Simple, to form a third form of the correct verb in perfect times, as well as to create the severity of the past time.

YESTERDAY SHE WATCHED NEW MOVIE - Yesterday she watched a new movie.
Bob Have Loved Her Since Cellhood - He loves her since childhood.
THE SNOW HAD STOPPED WHEN KATE LEFT OFFICE - The snow stopped when Kate came out of the office.
Opened Window. - Open window.

Ending Ing.

Adding ending -ing is used to form the fourth form of verbs of temporary groups Continuous and Perfect Continuous, as well as to create ungalled adjectives. Our table will delete this.

Continius

Gerund

The exclusive adjectives (gerundium) are formed using the addition of ending -ing.

Mary Like Swimming - Mary loves swimming.
She Likes Reading - She loves reading.
Thanks for coming - Thank you for come.

Video about endings in English:

English is a storehouse of exceptions, special occasions and sustainable structures. People, just begin to study his study, of course, scare out peculiar rules, and even more so exclusion of them, but these difficulties arise only at first. With the development of English grammar, the studies of the simplicity and logicality of this foreign language comes to studying. And what was complicated at first glance, with the second becomes immediately understandable and obvious. I will be convinced of this in practice, disassembled today: the end of S in the verbs in English, as well as the use of the endings from nouns and adjectives.

Russian speech refers to synthetic languages, that is, to compile the right context, we tend the words, add consoles and suffixes to them, and also change any members of the sentence to them. English, on the contrary, is a characteristic representative of a group of analytical languages. In his system, the main emphasis is placed on a strictly fixed procedure for members of the sentence, and the addition expression is carried out with the help of official and auxiliary words. Simply put, in such a speech, the relationship between words is transmitted not to the end of these words, but their place in the proposal and the neighborhood with pretexts.

• Beautiful cat but Sits at the door -A.beautiful.cat. iS.sitting.aT.theirdoor (word order - subject).
• I see a beautiful cat w. – I.seea.beautiful.cat. (The order of words is an addition).
• I go to a beautiful cat e. . – I.go.to. a.beautiful.cat. (Preposition of the direction + addition).

As can be seen from examples, the British are perfectly bypassed without the word decline system. But the grammatical category of expirations in their language still exists, and there are many three representatives in themselves. What do they look and what a destination bear, we learn in the following sections.

Ending S verbs in English

The most common case of consumption of an additional letter at the end of words is the formulation of the verb in 3 face the only number of a certain time. Him includes pronoun he, she, it (it, it, it) and nouns that can be replaced by these pronouns. Recall that IT denotes only inanimate items to which animals can also relate to English (if they are not pets).

Simple describes regular, ordinary, familiar actions, so it can often be found in the speech of the British. Accordingly, the incorrect formulation of the faithful in the third face is a very rough mistake, which will cut the hearing to a foreign interlocutor. In order not to blush for your English, you need to remember a simple rule.

Consider the use of the specified law in practice.

• She.watch. es many.TV-showseveryday - She is watching a lot of television shows every day.
• IT Sound. s. Very Strange is Sounds highly Strange.
• He Eats Chip. s. and Drink. s. Lemonade - ON. eating crisps and drink lemonade.

For a third party, the verb ending is also preserved in a negative and questioning form, undergoing a small change in - ES, and adding not to the main one, but to auxiliary verb. At the same time, the main thing is faced in the form of a simple infinitive.

• Do. esJessica Write Letter to Him? - SHE DO. esn't Write Letter to Him.
• Jessica writes him a letter? - She does not write a letter to him.
• Do. es A KOALA BECOME A BIG AND STRONG ANIMAL? - IT DO. esn't Become A Big and Strong Animal.
• Koala becomes big and strong animals? - It does not become a big and strong animal.
• Do. es Your Father Work As A Lawyer? - He do esn't Work As A Lawyer.
• Does your father work a lawyer? - He does not work by a lawyer.

The end of S verbs present Simple in English has its own eating and pronunciation nuances that will help us disassemble the table given below.

In the end of the section, we note that the verbs have a special form in the third face (3 l - HAS) and to Be (3 l. - IS, in Past.Simple - WAS). In proposals, such designs are often reduced by forming the end of the 's. IT. ’ s. (IS / WAS) A PEN. He. ’ s. (HAS) Learnt 10 Words.

Ending S nouns

The second most popular way to meet the English ending is to draw up a multiple number of nouns or put it in a presumptive case. In fact, and in another case, the nouns in English are added to the base.

Usually, the multiple number is formed by adding simple s. But if we take the noun, ending on SH, TCH, SS, CH, X, O, the end, as in the case of verbs, turns into ES. An important role is played by borrowed nouns with the ending on -O. They, unlike the original English words, will receive only the letter S.

• MY.grandparents.grow.potato. es and.tomato. es aT.theirdacha is my grandfather and grandmother grow potatoes and tomatoes in the country.
• WherearemY.photo. s. from.theirbirthdayparty? - Where are my photos from the celebration of the Birthday?

Another important feature is associated with noun, finishing on F / Fe. In most cases, they change these letters on V and get the end of ES. But there are some exceptions that use the letter s.

• THEREaremany.shel. ves. iN.theirroom - In the room there is a lot of shelves.
• The Cats Like To Walk On The Roof s. - Cats Love walk by roofs.

In other cases, the reading, spelling and pronunciation rules in English for nouns are completely coincide with the table shown in the verbs section.

As for the assistant forms, their ending is formed using a special symbol - apostroph ('). Nouns. h. Get the ending -'s, and sowing. MN. h. if they already ends on s receive only apostrophe.

• I REMEMBER MY PARENTS 'ADVICE - I I remember Council My Parents.
• Jack's Life Is Very Interesting - Life Jack highly Interesting.

End and Ing

And the last part of the speech, which English grammar gave endings is the adjectives with the endings of ED and ING. The roots of their formation lies in the verbs, so they can rightly be called gestures. For these adjectives in English, the expression of active or promoted actions is characteristic, which corresponds to Russian valid and suffering communities. As of its basis, both types of these words coincide, and differ only in additional endings. Therefore, it is important to understand what these endings hide in themselves.

The adjectives with the end of the ING transmit the characteristic of the face / subject, its ability to active actions, influences on anyone. The expression answers the question "What?" And refers to the object of speech, and not to the speaker. It is noteworthy that the form of the word completely coincides with the English communion of the present (Participle i).

• I Watched An Interesting Film Yesterday - I looked yesterday interesting film.
• This Lesson Is Very Boring - This lesson highly boring.
• IT Was An Amazing Evening is Was stunning evening.

Adjectives with ED in English express the opposite direction: the impact provided by the subject. With their help, the speaker describes its state; The impression produced by the subject of conversation. Such designs correspond to the form of communion in the last time (Participle II).

• She Was Disappointed That Her Boyfriend Hadn't Called Her - She was Disappointed Top, what her guy not called to her.
• I WAS SURPRISED THAT ALL MY BOOKS WERE SOLD FOR 2 WEEKS- Was Surprised agriculture, what everything my books were Sold out per 2 weeks.
• My Little Brother IS Tired of His Homework - My Jr brother Tired from his home Work.

Examples show that the meaning of the entire statement depends on the use of ending. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to navigate in cases of using ED and ING endings.

As we learned from the material, the endings in English have an important function and can correspond to three parts of speech. Check the assimilation of the theory by performing small exercises.

The English language refers to the category of analytical languages: the grammatical relationships are expressed in it not by changing the word and add to it by various morphemes (consoles, suffixes, endings), and with the help of various service words - prepositions, modal and auxiliary verbs. And therefore the endings in English are not so much - only three: -s (-es), -ed and -ing. For comparison, Russian is a synthetic language, and it is Morphem that carry a grammar load in it.

So, consider the most common cases of consumption of English endings.

Ending -s (-es)

The end of -S (-ES) can be found in the following cases:

Nouns in the plural

Almost all nouns form a multiple number by adding -S (-ES). For example:

dog - Dog. s.

book - Book s.

When the word ends on -ss, -x, -z, -ch, -sh, or on -o, the ending takes the form -es. For example:

Church - Church. es

box - Box. es

tomato - Tomato. es

Verbs in the 3rd face of the only number in Present Simple

Used when it comes to events that occur constantly, every day, systematically. It uses the basic form of the verb, and in the 3rd face of the only number (HE, SHE, IT) is also added ending -S (-ES) as the end of the verb. For example:

She Play. s. Tennis Every Weekend. - She plays tennis every weekend.

Sometimes My Grandmother Watch es SOAP Operas. "Sometimes my grandmother looks at soap operas."

Pressing case of nouns

By and large, the end of the attractive case would be treated separately, as it has a different story and writes through apostrof ("). For example:

John. 'S. Car - John Machine

My Daughter. "S. Book - My daughter's book

If the word stands in or initially ends on -S, only an apostrophe is put at the end of the word. For example:

Her Parent. s " House - her parents' house

Jame. s' COAT - James Coat

At the same time, the end is read in all cases in full: ['pɛːr (ə) Ntsiz], [' DʒEɪMZIZ].

Ending -ed

The second form of the right verb

This form serves to express. For example:

Yesterday He Paint eD The Window Frame. - Yesterday he painted the window frame.

The third form of the correct verb (past time communion)

Used in - Present Perfect, Past Perfect and others. For example:

She Has Liv. eD Here Since Childhood. - She lives here since childhood.

The Rain Had Stopp eD When WE Left Home. - The rain stopped when we went out of the house.

The severity of the past time often acts as definition.

For example:

Clos. eD Door - closed door

Well-dress eD Woman - well dressed woman

Ending -ing

The fourth form of any verb (the communion of the present time)

As is known, the fourth form of verb is used in the group of continued times. For example:

She Is Sleep ing. now. - She's sleeping now. Present Continuous)

YESTERDAY AT SIX I WAS WASH ing. MY CAR. - Yesterday in 6 I soap the car. (Past Continuous)

The truth of the present may also play the role of determination. For example:

Bark. ing. Dog - Live Dog

Bloom ing. Tree - Flowering Tree

Gerundi / Otgal Adjective

Swimm ing. IS GOOD FOR HEALTH. - swimming is useful for health.

I Like Eat. ing. Outdoors. - I love it in the fresh air.

Fortunately for learning English, the number of endings in it is significantly less than in Russian, Ukrainian and even German. The special structure of the language, which relates to the group of analytical, communication and matching words in which is ensured by the help of prepositions, unions and the order of words, and not the endings.

The end in English is the part of the word that serves to form formation, coordination with other words and communication of words in phrase and offer. For example, we all remember well from school that certain endings help nouns to form cases and take shapes of a single and multiple number: table tables -stollah -stoli and so on. We can obey the same phenomenon with adjectives, with the leaning of verbs, etc.

It is important to remember that the term end in EnglishAs a rule, it is not used, and everyone familiar to all of us "end" -s, -s, -ed, -Ining will be more accurate to call suffixes. This is due to the peculiarities of the evolution of the language, during which it has lost the originally wide variety of endings itself and moved to the analytical method of communication of words. But in the educational literature for non-specialists, this name successfully functions by virtue of its simplicity for perception.

Ending -S / -ES

This ending in English has several functions.

First of all, it is used to form forms of multiple nouns:
• cAR-CARS,
• tree-Trees,
• box-boxes.

The choice between two ending options depends on which letter is before it. The form

used in the event that it is preceded by

SS, -CH, -SH, -X, -Z, -O

:
• church-Churches,
• tax-Taxes,
• potato-Potatoes,
• dress-Dresses.

The second case of using this end is the verbs of a third party of the singular present Indefinite Tense.. The end is added to the verbs that belong to the pronouns. he, She, IT or nouns similar to them in meaning. For instance: he Writes. (he writes) and my Father Writes. (My dad "he" writes).

Terms of use options

S / -es.

in this case, the use is the same as in the first:
• Mary Reads a Book Every day;
• my Brother Goes to School Every Weekday.

Ending -ed

Ending -ed also has two main functions.

Firstly

It is used to form a form of a simple last time of the right verbs -

past Indefinite Tense.

. For this, the end is simply added to the heart of the verb without any options, as in the case of

:
• I Believe - I Believed
• You Translate - You Translated
• He Listens - He Listened

Of course, if the basis of the word ends on e, additional E is no longer required: Believe - Believ eD, not believ eed.

SecondlyThis end is used to transform the verb to the past time, or more familiar for beginners to learn English The term is the "third form of verb".

For the correct verbs, this formal looks like the simple form of the past time. However, it is used as part of complex times:

present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect

. For example:
• HE HAS ALREADY VISITED THIS COUNTRY;
• John Had Fixed This TV Before I Came Home.

In addition to the formation of difficult times, the passage of the past time has a number of specific functions: the formation of a passive pledge (The Wall IS painted), definition with noun ( she Saw The Closed Door - She saw a closed (what?) Door), part of the composite faith ( Jane Felt Terrified. - Jane "felt horror") and others.

Ending -ing

The third end in English is used to form two specific verb forms: communions of the present and Gerundia.

Communion of this time familiar learning language, first of all, at the time of the group

continuous and Perfect Continuous

: Present, Past and Future. For instance:
• I am Drinking Tea Now;
• hE HAS BEEN CONSIDERING THIS PROBLEM ALL HIS LIFE;
• tHEY WERE DRIVING 10 Hours Yesterday.

In addition, the truths of the present time acts as definition:
• barking Dog - Having Dog,
• running Boy - Running Boy
• singing Woman - Singing Woman.

The gerundias formally not distinguish between the communion of the present. However, the difference can be traced at the level of the value: the communion is to the adjective (designation of the subject - Running (what?) Boy), while the gerundy closer to the noun (I enjoy Running - I like running).

Thus, despite the small amount of endings in English, they are functionally very diverse and able to form formally identical words of different parts of speech. Therefore, when learning a language, they need to pay special attention and, if necessary, seek help from a specialist.

There are several distinctive features in English. One of them is an apostrophe. This little sign, sometimes, becomes a big problem for studying, as many are confused when you need to put an apostrophe, and when not.

Today we will deal with his use once and forever. In the article you will learn:

• using an apostrophe to designate belonging

What is an apostrophe in English?

Apostrophe- This is a supreme sign in the form of a comma (").

Although we do not use this sign in Russian, I think you probably saw it. Many foreign names are reduced by apostrophe. For example: D "Arthontian instead of De ARTONYAN.

Apostrof in English is used in 2 cases that can be easily remembered:

1. To show affiliation

2. To designate a skip when cutting words

Let's consider in detail each of these uses.

Using an apostrophe to designate belonging

Apostrof We use to show the subject of the subject / person. To do this, we just need to add "S. By the way, which calls the owner.

To test yourself, we can ask for such a word questions: Whose?, Whose?, Whose?, Whose?. For example: Computer (whose?) Tom, dress (whose?) Sisters, ball (whose?) Dogs.

Examples of the use of apostrophe:

Give Me Ann. 'S. CopyBook.
Give me a notebook Anna.

This Is My Parent "S. CAR.
This is the car of my parents.

I TOOK MY FRIEND 'S. Phone.
I took the phone a friend.

BOOKS LIE ON TEACHER ’ s. Desk.
The books lie on the teacher's table.

HE ATE HIS SISTER 'S. Cookies.
He ate my sister cookie.

When is the apostrophe in English?

Also in this rule there are several nuances that need to be remembered:

1. The owners are several people / animals.

In this case, by the Word, which means them (it will be in a plural), we simply add apostroph (") without the letter s . After all, we have already added to such words, to form a multiple form (CAT - CATS - CATS ", Girl - Girls - Girls", Sister - Sisters - Sisters, Friend - Friends - Friends ").

However, if the word is not educated according to the rules (you can read about such exceptions), then we add "S:

2. Owners Two

For example: Mother and Father, Tom And Peter, Mary and Jane.

There are two options for adding apostrophes.

• One item belongs to two people

We add "S to the latest: Mother and Father" S, Tom and Peter "S, Mary and Jane" s

Mother and Father. "S. CAR STAYS IN GARAGE.
Mine and dad car stands in the garage. (We are talking about one machine that belongs to two people)

Tom and Mary "S. House is big.
Tom House and Mary Big. (We are talking about one house owned by both Mary)

• Each owner has its own item that belongs to him

We add "S to each word: Mother" S and Father "S, Tom" S and Peter "S, Mary" S and Jane "s

Mother. "S. and Father. "S. Cars Stay in Garage.
Mine and dadright cars stand in the garage. (We are talking about two cars: one belongs to mom, another dad)

TOM. 'S. and Mary. "S. HOUSES Are Big.
Houses of Tom and Mary are big. (We are talking about two different homes that have different owners)

Apostrophe with mature pronouns in English

We do not add "S. To assigning pronouns (Her / Hers, Your / Yours, Their / Theirs), despite the fact that they answer questions: whose?, Whose?, whose?.

Wrong: SHE LOST HER "S PEN.
Right: SHE LOST hER. Pen.

Using an apostrophe to reduce English words

In English, we can reduce some words. In such cases, we set apostrophe (") to the place of passing letters.

Here are the main adopted cuts:

I am \u003d i "m
You are \u003d you're
He is \u003d He's
I have \u003d I'Ve
I Would \u003d i'd
I Will \u003d I'll
not \u003d n't

Examples:

HE "S Studying Now.
He learns now.

We "Re ready.
We are ready.

I "M Calling HIM.
I call him.

THEY CAN "T LEAVE.
They can't leave.

I'll Translate.
I will translate.

So, the apostrophe is a sign in the form of a submarine ("). It is used to show the facilities or to reduce. And now let's take it to use it in practice.

Task for fixing

Translate the following offers into English:

1. This is a wedding of my friends.
2. Take the volume car.
3. This is the ball of my dog.
4. We will live in the house of her parents.
5. Bring laptops Kate and Peter.
6. He ate an apple Dasha.
7. Peter friends will come tomorrow.
8. John and Mary phones lie on the table.

Leave your answers in the comments under the article.