How to choose a roof window. How to put an attic window block in the presence of a finished roof

Garden equipment 13.06.2019

Garden equipment

Or even a bathroom or sauna. In many ways, the convenience of living in such a room will depend on the correct choice of windows, their type, number and location.

Installation of roof windows is a responsible business. After all, if not correct installation such troubles as roof leaks and cooling of the room in winter are possible. We will talk about what kind of roof windows are and what the technology of their insertion is in this article.

Types of roof windows

Install skylights, if desired, on the gables. Sometimes they are located obliquely in the plane of the roof itself. Dormer windows in the attic are also used. In this case, the structure is mounted vertically in a special "birdhouse". The choice of this or that option depends both on the design features of the attic room and on the personal preferences of the owners of the house themselves. What do roof windows look like? various designs you can see in the photo gallery below.

Design features

Attic windows can vary greatly in their design features. Today there are such types:

Cornice. This design is used in attics with a high wall. In this case, a vertical additional element is installed under the main sash;
Inclined with bottom element. Top part this option opens. The lower one is deaf;

Roof windows. Photo of structures with bottom element and cornice

Balcony. In this case, a vertical structure is connected to the inclined structure, which is part of the balcony parapet;

Balcony skylights look very unusual

Extensions. Both triangular and semicircular versions are used. Such an addition harmoniously fits into the exterior of the building and looks good in the interior of the attic;

Roof windows. Photo of decorative extensions

Light tunnel. In the event that there is also a small attic above the attic living space, the window can be arranged on it. The room is illuminated through a reflective tube tunnel.
In this case, a diffusing light flux cover is installed at the exit.

On a note: A light tunnel can be a great option for a high-tech or minimalist attic. The taco ceiling will also fit well into the interior of a loft-style room.

Attic living space can be illuminated through the attic

Standard. Such structures can be rectangular or square. They consist of a frame and one swing panel. Deaf variants are sometimes used as well. If desired, you can install such skylights. Deaf structures, however, are practically not found on sale. Usually they are made to order. Standard designs used in living quarters in the attic most often;

Types by way of opening

Among other things, roof windows can differ in the way they are opened. If desired, you can install the following types of structures:

Center pivot version. These are the most popular roof windows. Reviews about them are extremely positive. It is very easy to care for them and you can mount them on slopes with any slope;
Mansard hatch. Opens along the lateral axis;

Attic windows. Photo of a roof hatch and a window with a central pivot

Raised axle version;
Lower axle version. The doors of such structures open forward;

On a note: Lovers of special comfort should purchase electric windows. You can open and close the doors of such structures using the remote control.

The material used to make the profile

Facade roof windows in the attic can be made of PVC, aluminum or wood. In common areas such as a study, bedroom or living room, all of these varieties can be installed. If a bathroom or sauna is equipped in the attic, it is better not to use wooden structures. In this case, it is worth installing plastic or aluminum roof windows. Reinforced-plastic structures can also be a good option.

So windows on attic floor can be opened in a variety of ways and have different designs. Perhaps these photos will help someone make a choice:

Skylight installation technology

Installation of roof windows is carried out in compliance with some rules. The frame should be mounted so that its lower edge is approximately 120 cm from the floor. The color of the frames should be in harmony with the color of the roofing material. It is best to install the frames before installing the roofing cake. The leaves are inserted later. Of course, roof windows can be installed on already finished roof... In this case, you should first draw the corresponding drawing.

Preparation of a window opening

The installation of a window structure is usually carried out between the rafters. Skylights, the dimensions of which are most often standard (550mm), fit into this opening almost perfectly. Of course, only if the pitch between the rafters is about 600mm (which happens most often). Next, we present instructions for preparing a window opening:

At the first stage, a place for the frame is marked. In this case, 45 mm should be added to the height of the frame, and 60 mm to the width;
Further, according to the marking, the skin is removed. You can use an electric saw to cut the lining;
After that, you need to remove the insulation. The trimming of the battens and insulation in the roof is carried out parallel to the floor at the top and strictly vertically at the bottom. As a result, the resulting opening will be larger inside than outside. This will allow light to enter the room unhindered;

The opening from the inside of the attic should be wider than outside

In order to insert the frame, you also need to cut off the crate and cut a hole in the metal tile or profiled sheet (or remove the tile);

Important: When inserting a structure into a roof covered with tiles on the sides, the opening must be cleared by removing two rows of tiles.

Further, an additional structure from a bar is installed in the opening, on which the frame will subsequently be attached. On the outside, on the roof, the size of the bars must match the size of the battens.

The frame is mounted on a special bar structure

Window preparation

After preparing the opening, the actual installation of the roof windows is performed. The video presents this process in stages:

The first step is to pull the sash out of the frame. All components fixed for safe transportation are removed from the purchased window. The sash from different manufacturers can be removed in different ways. Most often, you just need to squeeze the retainer swivel mechanism and disengage the sash.

Next, the frame of the skylights is being prepared. Do-it-yourself installation of a profile in the opening is performed using special plates that come with the kit. These elements need to be attached to the frame on both sides and at the corners. This is done with screws.

The frame is attached to the box on special metal plates

How to install a roof window

You need to mount the roof window from the street side. The frame is installed in a cobbled box so that there is a gap of 20-30mm between them for insulation. Pre-fastening is carried out only on the two upper plates. The frame is also cut using screws.

Before you mount the skylights with your own hands further, you need to insert the previously removed sash into the frame. After installation, they close it and check how correctly it "stood" in the frame. Then you need to wrap all the screws in the fastening metal plates, securing the frame completely.

Important: Before the frame is finally fixed, its position in the box must be corrected. The profile should be located in a plane strictly parallel to the plane of the roof.

The roof window is inserted into the opening and fixed on the plates

Window sealing

To prevent the windows from leaking, they should be waterproofed. A protective apron, usually included in the kit, must be mounted under the box. This element is attached to the bottom of the frame. In the next step, the side aprons are installed. Next, an apron is inserted in the upper part of the window and a metal ebb is attached here.

In order to exclude leaks, a waterproofing apron is mounted

To insulate the structure, you can use any modern material... Basalt wool is best suited for this purpose. It is inserted between the roofing material and the block structure.

Important: It is better not to use polyurethane foam for sealing and insulation. Expanding, it often shifts structural elements from their place. As a result, the sash can jam.

Compliance with all technologies is a guarantee that you get good skylights. Installing them (the video confirms this) is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

It is believed that the arrangement of a residential attic is more difficult and more expensive than building a conventional non-insulated roof with a cold attic. There are reasons for this:

It is necessary to qualitatively insulate the attic.
The vapor barrier and superdiffusion moisture and windproof membrane must be properly installed.
It is required to install skylights as required by the manufacturer.

Problems often arise with the last point. Errors in the installation of windows on the attic floor negate all the advantages of this room. As a result of jambs of illiterate builders, skylights leak in the rain, and condensation drips from the ceiling, damaging the finish. It is not surprising that many developers are distrustful of attics, believing that it is better to build a cottage the old fashioned way. Avoiding the most common mistakes when inserting a roof window into roofing cake with flexible tiles, our video and photo instructions will help you, which tells you:

How to calculate the size of a roof window depending on the area of the room.
How to choose a place in the attic roof for window installation.
How to prepare a window opening for the installation of a roof window.
How to install a skylight box and flashing.
How to install a condensate drain.
How to make waterproofing at the junction.
How to install a skylight flashing and make heat and vapor barrier.

Roof window installation: planning

The roof window can be mounted both at the construction stage of the attic and on a finished insulated roof with an already installed topcoat and layers of vapor barrier and hydro and wind protection. In the first version, the work is carried out sequentially, step by step and, usually, does not cause difficulties. In the second case, you need to break your head how to embed a window in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, going through the entire attic roof pie with shingles.

The main difficulties of installing a skylight left "for later" - you have to carefully dismantle or cut through, moving from the inside-out:

internal lathing for finishing the attic;
vapor barrier;
insulation;
superdiffusion membrane (moisture and wind protection);
lathing and counter-lathing;
cut OSB slabs under the opening;
partially remove around the window opening shingles.

The width of the roof window is set by the rafter pitch. If the developer does not want to install a narrow window, adjusting it to the rafters mounted at a distance of, for example, 60 cm from each other, then he will have to cut one rafter leg, reinforce the structure, etc. This increases the likelihood of errors for installers, the timing and cost estimate for the work. Hence:

The installation of roof windows must be planned at the stage of designing the house and calculating the rafter system.

For guidance, we are guided by the following figures:

It is recommended to cut skylights into roofs with a slope angle of 15 degrees.
The area of the window is chosen according to the formula: by 10 sq. m of the attic floor should be 1 sq. m of glazing.
The upper part of the roof window (from the floor) is located at a height of about 2 m, and the lower part is about 1.2 m.
The opening for the roof window should be at least 4 cm wider than it, optimally 6 cm.
The length of the opening is about 4.5-5 cm longer than the length of the roof window.

Stages of installation of a roof window

alexnrg Member of FORUMHOUSE

I decided to install a roof window in the house myself. Roof cake: rafters - a board with a section of 15x5 cm, a vapor-permeable moisture-windproof membrane, horizontal and vertical sheathing, OSB, underlayment, flexible tiles. There were questions:

How to install a roof window correctly?
How to prepare the opening?
How to fix a window in the attic?
How to drain condensate?
What is the salary for and how to install it?

Salary (metal frame) is a gutter system for tightly combining a roof window with a roof covering. The cover removes rainwater and moisture from the roof window when the snow melts.

All work on installing windows in the attic is broken down into a series of sequential steps:

Opening preparation.
Assembly and installation of a heat-insulating circuit.
Installation of the skylight box in the thermal frame.
Installation of a sash (double-glazed window).
Adjustment of the side gap and window rebate.
Installation of a drain for condensate drainage.
Installation of a waterproofing apron.
Installation of a salary.
Insulation of the slopes around the window and restoration of the vapor barrier circuit from the inside of the room.

We will tell you about the key stages of installation of a roof window and how to avoid mistakes.

Preparation of a window opening for the installation of a roof window

In the video instructions, the specialist tells how to prepare a window opening for the installation of a roof window, if a roof is built and a roof covering is laid.

When penetrating steam and waterproofing, the films are cut with an envelope (crosswise) and wrapped inside the room (vapor barrier) and outside (wind protection).

The upper and lower parts of the opening are reinforced with jumpers (between the rafters).

And with lathing bars, so that the edge of the OSB sheet does not hang in the air.

The lower support bar of the lathing must be set in level in order to accurately align the skylight box and to avoid, noticeable by eye, the height difference on the side slope.

Important! If OSB has not yet been installed on the roof- base for flexible shingles, then from above the opening is edged with a frame, made from sawn into strips OSB sheet or plywood.

Assembling the insulation and installing the skylight box

The thermal insulation circuit is mounted on a steel frame, which is easily assembled with latches.

The thermal insulation contour is installed in the prepared opening.

Then you disconnect the pivot part of the sash with a glass unit from the roof window frame.

Mount the mounting plates and install the box in the opening.

Important! Mounting plates(4 things.) are installed in the corners of the roof window, in the places in the frame prepared at the factory, into holes pre-drilled by the manufacturer for self-tapping screws.

With a long roof window (more than 1.4 m), additional intermediate mounting plates (corners) are placed in the place of the pivot mechanism (hinges).

The roof window box is installed in the finished opening. How to do this correctly, as well as adjust the side clearances and bridging, is shown in the video.

Secrets of installing a condensate drain

The most important element of the roof window waterproofing system is the metal condensate drain.

The gutter is installed at a distance of up to 50 cm (optimally 20-30 cm) higher from the window in the same plane with a waterproof and windproof membrane.

In order for the condensate to flow down the gutter, it is installed at an angle ( slope at least 3 degrees). Then the moisture will be diverted to one of the sides (ventilation duct formed by the crate).

Difficulties with installing a gutter arise if it needs to be mounted on a finished roof. In this case, you will have to manually cut out the openings in the crate, moreover, do it carefully so as not to damage the windshield film.

The easiest way to install a gutter is if the crate has not yet been installed on the roof, there is no base for flexible shingles and a soft roof has not been laid.

Preparing a place for installing a gutter consists of the following steps:

In the middle of the rafter leg (on both sides of the prepared opening), a vertical cut is made on the superdiffusion membrane film.

The groove is placed on the seat.

I will lower the gutter, using it as a ruler, make a horizontal cut of the film, so as to align the vertical cuts.

The result is a windscreen valve, which is inserted into the chute and collects all condensate.

Steam and waterproofing at the junction of the roof window

At the finish of work, a waterproofing apron is installed, which protects the junction from moisture.

The waterproofing apron is glued to the frame from the bottom up. Installation is simple - the protective film is removed from the adhesive layer (strip) and the apron material is gently smoothed over the top of the frame. Then the waterproofing apron is fixed around the window with staples.

Important! The upper part of the apron is wound under the gutter that drains the condensate, and the valve, cut from the windscreen, is inserted into the waterproof apron. So that moisture does not get into the places where they are made vertical cuts on the rafters, their waterproofed in advance with butyl sealant.

In a private house, every meter of usable area counts. The owners are thinking over how to rationally use free and utility rooms. A striking example of the transformation of a useless empty attic into a cozy living space is the arrangement of the attic. In the second half of the 17th century, the famous French architect François Mansart, after whom the attic was named, drew attention to the abandoned attic premises and suggested using them as living rooms for the poor.

Since then, the concept of using these areas has developed so that today the attic is a cozy, bright, warm and comfortable place for rest and life, equipped with all the necessary communications and beautifully decorated. If you carry out the necessary work on insulation, insulation and decoration, then the attic can be complete residential floor, in which there will be bedrooms for residents, and bathrooms with toilets, dressing rooms. In multi-storey buildings, the most expensive real estate is the luxuriously finished attic space - penthouses.

This solution gives the house a lot of advantages:

increase in living and usable area;
excellent overview of the site and surrounding landscapes;
improving the design and appearance of the building;
reduction of heat loss, heating costs.

When designing, one of the important tasks is the correct placement of skylights to ensure maximum daylight.

Peculiarities

When building an attic, it is necessary to strictly observe the current building codes and regulations. According to SNiPs, the glazing area must be at least 10% of the total footage of the illuminated room. It should also be taken into account that the sun turns during daylight hours and will shine through the windows for only a few hours. Each room must have at least one window.

Skylights are mounted directly into the roof slope, so they differ significantly from the frontal ones both in technical characteristics and in design.

Mansard frames have the following advantages:

A sloped window increases the penetration of daylight by 30-40% compared to a vertical glass unit, which saves energy and lighting costs.
A specially designed system allows rooms to be ventilated and ensure adequate ventilation and Fresh air In any weather.
Together with the light in the rooms, coziness is added, a comfortable and warm atmosphere of an inhabited house is created.
The frames have increased heat and sound insulation, and when closed, they are hermetically sealed.
Frames do not rot, do not fade, do not require re-painting.

Glass made of special triplex withstands high mechanical loads; when broken, it does not spill out, but becomes covered with a network of cracks, remaining in the frame.
Triplex has the ability to scatter light rays, which prevents fading of furniture and things and creates comfortable lighting for the eyes.
If you have construction skills and knowledge of technology, you can install windows on your own.

If there are no such skills, it is better to entrust the installation to experienced specialists in order to avoid mistakes and problems during use.

During the installation and operation of such double-glazed windows, disadvantages and difficulties may appear, which have the following solutions:

In the warm season, in summer, the temperature rises above normal, it becomes very hot. This problem can be solved by installing a window on the north slope of the roof or by attaching special reflective curtains or film, blinds. You can also increase the layer of insulation and make a canopy or overhang to shade the window.
Violation of tightness, leakage, condensation, ice formation. Buying uncertified or fake cheap double-glazed windows, installation errors, can lead to such problems. Frozen water creates an increased load on the frame seals; over time, deformation occurs in the seals and it becomes possible for moisture to seep into the room. Solution - strict adherence technology and proper window care. It is recommended that the seals be cleaned and treated with a liquid silicone grease.
High cost, which is double the price of conventional metal-plastic windows... A more complex device, materials and fittings of increased strength increase the price of the product. Only large well-known brands guarantee proper quality and reliability in use.

The windows purchased with a guarantee will last a long time and will not cause trouble for the owners.

Types of structures

Skylights differ in material and construction. There are blind closed double-glazed windows that can be made to order, or a standard version with opening doors. The double-glazed window consists of a double layer of triplex with a gap of a special film that prevents fragments from scattering around the room. The upper layer of the glass unit is made of tempered glass with a large margin of safety.

Double-glazed windows for regions differing in weather and temperature conditions are produced with different technical characteristics. For cold northern regions, it is preferable to choose a multilayer glass unit, into each chamber of which an inert gas is pumped to retain heat. For hot and sunny countries, it is recommended to buy double-glazed windows with reflective films, mirror and tinted coatings.

There are wooden frames - they are made of laminated veneer lumber, impregnated with antiseptic compounds and varnished for outdoor use.

Wooden beams are coated with polyurethane for durability. Natural material fits perfectly into the interior of a country house and country house.

Frames with PVC plastic profiles are available. This plastic is lightweight and has fire-fighting characteristics, frost-resistant.

Aluminum metal profiles find wide application in public and office premises.

Armored frames are also used in attic structures - they are heavier and more durable than standard ones and can withstand extreme mechanical and weather loads.

Opening mechanisms are available with manual or automated remote control. There are windows with an upper pivot axis, with a central one, with a raised axis. There are also two pivot axes on the frame, controlled by one handle. The opening takes place in two positions - tilt and swivel.

"Smart" windows are controlled by the remote control remote control or a wall-mounted keyboard, to which blinds or shutters, roller shutters, curtains are also connected. It is possible to program it to close when it starts raining, then the window closes to the "airing" position. Automation for windows can be integrated into the "smart home" system, climate control system. At a critical temperature rise in the room, the doors will open with the help of an electric drive, and at the first drops of rain, a special sensor will give a command to close. The program controls the processes during the absence of the residents of the house, maintaining the set values of humidity and temperature.

Facade or cornice double-glazed windows are placed at the junction of the facade and the roof, they combine the characteristics of ordinary windows and dormers. They look very original and increase the flow of light entering the room.

You can buy a structure in the form of a dormer, only with transparent walls for more illumination.

When opened, a transforming window turns into a small comfortable balcony, but when closed it has a standard look.

Anti-aircraft windows are designed for installation on flat roofs and are designed with a special sloped frame so that the sun does not hit directly into it.

Light tunnels are installed in the presence of an attic space above the attic. The window itself is mounted in the roof, a corrugated pipe is attached, which transmits the rays to the plafond, scattering the light flux.

Sizes and shapes

The shape of a standard tilted window is rectangular, it can also be square. The structure consists of a frame and a sash, a seal, fittings, and a flashing. Standard frames are mounted on inclined flat roof slopes.

Arched or arched frames have a curved shape. They are designed for appropriately shaped slopes and vaulted roofs.

Round windows are produced that look original and romantic in the interior.

The combined frames are composed of two parts. The lower part is usually rectangular. The upper window is called an extension and can be either rectangular or triangular, semicircular.

The dimensions of the windows and their dimensions depend on various individual parameters, angles and dimensions of the room and the roof:

the width of the frame is determined by the distance between the roof rafters;
the height is calculated by placing the lower and upper levels of the window so that it is convenient to open and look into it;
the angle of inclination of the roof is also taken into account.

The factories produce a wide range of products of standard dimensions.

If no option suits the client or he wants exclusive, then there is the possibility of ordering. A measurer will come from the office and take measurements for free, calculate the parameters, draw up drawings. Large and curly shapes and various sizes of frames are made to order.

In addition to the drawing, in the attic arrangement project, a window arrangement, a working estimate is needed.

Required tools and accessories

In addition to the frames and glass units themselves, manufacturing companies produce various additional accessories and components for installation, protection during operation, opening control, and maintenance. These accessories can be indoor, outdoor, they change characteristics, add functionality, decorate and complete the composition. Installation is possible after installing windows or during it.

External components:

The flashing is mounted on top of the frame and protects the joint between the window and the roof from rainwater and other precipitation. For different types of roofing, salaries of different prices are selected, therefore salaries are not included in the cost of windows. To ensure maximum waterproofing of the window, the flashing is recessed into the roof covering by 6 cm. They are made in various shapes, including for cornices and ridge. For different types of roofs, appropriate salaries are issued. The higher the wave of the roof covering, the higher the salary is bought.
Awnings shade the window opening and reduce light transmission, create coolness on hot summer days, protect from ultraviolet radiation, absorbing up to 65% of the light. Other advantages of awnings are noise reduction, rain effect. At the same time, the view when looking at the street through the awning mesh is not distorted.
Roller shutters close the opening completely and are an effective obstacle to intruders entering, and also significantly reduce the level of noise coming from the street. Models of roller shutters are sold, operated manually with a rod or with a solar-powered remote control.
The drives for automatic opening and closing are mains powered or solar panels... They allow you to automate the process of controlling the movement of the leaves.
The mortise lock is an additional home security tool.

Internal accessories:

The mosquito net is made of fiberglass and an aluminum frame and is installed along special guides that prevent the product from breaking off in strong gusts of wind. The mesh allows full sunlight to pass through, but retains dust, insects, lint and debris.
Blinds are available in a wide range of colors and allow you to change the angle and degree of lighting, or can completely darken the room. Equipped with remote control systems.
Roller blinds shade the room and are a decorative element of the interior of rooms, hide the room from prying eyes. Pleated curtains look very attractive, giving the interior an airy and modern look. The coating applied on top of the roller blinds reduces the temperature in the room in the summer heat. Telescopic retractable rods are used to control and move the curtains.

The curtains can be installed and fixed in any position thanks to special guides. Curtains are easy to care for and can be easily washed with detergents.

Additional accessories and fittings:

The lower handles are placed for the convenience of manual opening of high-located frames, while the upper handles are blocked. The handle is usually provided with a lock.
Telescopic rod and stick are hand tools for operating sash, blinds, mosquito nets and curtains. Intermediate elements for rods are sold, the prefabricated structure reaches a length of 2.8 m.
Steam and waterproofing kits are available ready-to-install, making installation quick and easy.
Ready-made PVC slopes are easy to install from the inside of the room and do not require painting.
The factory complete set often includes corners for installation, fastening materials - galvanized nails. Also on the list is a vapor barrier apron, special sealant, and duct tape.
The drainage gutter, which must be installed above the window opening, serves to drain rainwater and condensate.

Films for adhering to glass with a mirror or tinted effect reduce the temperature in the attic in summer and shade the room.

For installation work, you will need the following tools:

linear or circular saw or hacksaw;
construction stapler;
tape measure and level;
screwdriver and fastening material;
electric shears nibblers, perforated for metal cutting;
pliers "corrugation";
drill.

How to install it yourself?

Installation of roof windows is recommended during the construction phase of the truss system. This is a complex and time-consuming process, which is better to be entrusted to professionals, but if necessary, installation can be done on your own, having necessary tool, skills and experience in the field of construction, knowledge of technology. Structures of different manufacturing companies are installed in different ways, have separate features of the installation technology.

Location is a very important aspect that affects the overall composition of the building, specifications, the correct functioning and service life of not only the windows, but the entire roof. It is necessary to take a project of a house with detailed dimensions, according to which it will be possible to make accurate calculations.

There are certain rules for choosing an optimal and safe place.

at the junction of horizontal surfaces;
close to chimneys and ventilation outlets;
on the slopes of the so-called valley, forming the inner corners.

In these areas, the maximum accumulation of precipitation and condensation occurs, which greatly complicates the operating conditions and increases the risk of fogging and leakage.

Height window openings from floor level is determined by the height of the handle. If it is in the upper part of the sash, then the optimal window height is 110 cm from the floor. At this height, it is convenient to open the sash manually. If the handle is located at the bottom of the glass, the height cannot be less than 130 cm, especially if children are in the attic, and the maximum value of the height is 170 cm.The middle position of the handle assumes that the window is installed at a height of 120-140 cm. dots - radiators under the windows. They are positioned there to prevent condensation from forming. The steepness of the slopes also affects the location of the structure - the smaller the angle of inclination, the higher the window is placed.

The type and properties of the roofing material also determine the location. Soft or roll material can be cut at the desired location, but the tiles must be solid. In this case, the opening is placed over the row of tiles.

The seating depth of the window has three standard values provided by the manufacturer. Outside the window structure, special grooves are cut, marked with the letters N, V and J, indicating different planting depths. Flaps for each depth are made separately, provided with appropriate markings, where the depth is indicated by the last letter, for example, EZV06.

Installation of frames is carried out in the intervals between the rafters at a distance of 7-10 cm from them in order to lay the heat-insulating material. The rafter system provides the strength of the roof, therefore it is undesirable to violate its integrity.

If the frame does not fit into the rafter pitch, it is better to install two smaller windows instead of one large window. When the removal of part of the rafter is still necessary, it is imperative to install a special horizontal bar for strength.

To calculate the dimensions of the opening, you need to add a gap of 2-3.5 cm to the dimensions of the window for laying insulation on four sides. Mineral wool is often used as an insulating material. An assembly gap is left between the opening and the roof cutout, the width of which is determined by the type of roofing material. For shingles, for example, it should be 9 cm.To avoid skewing the window when the house shrinks, the gap between the upper beam and the roof is 4-10 cm.

Installation is desirable on rafters, but it is also possible on a special crate. The lathing beams are installed between the rafters strictly horizontally in level. Outside, above the planned opening, a drainage gutter is attached. It is mounted at an angle so that the condensate flows freely onto the roof, bypassing the window. Such a gutter can be made by hand by folding a piece of waterproofing sheet in half.

When all the dimensions are calculated, you can draw and cut out a model of the drywall opening. On the finished waterproofing of the inner side of the roof or on the finish, it is also necessary to draw an outline of the opening, drill several holes to relieve stress and prevent deformation. Then saw through the band or circular saw cross two stripes and cut the resulting triangles, correct the edges strictly according to the outline. The waterproofing is cut with the same envelope and wrapped outward, attached to the crate.

If metal tiles, slate, corrugated board or sheet metal are used as the roofing material, then an opening is cut out from the outside using a similar technology. If the roof is covered with tiles, you should first disassemble the covering, and then saw out. Lay the heat insulator and shoot it with a stapler to the mounting rails. After completing all the work, the dismantled elements of the roofing are returned to their place.

Before installing the frame in the prepared opening, you need to remove the glass unit and remove the flashing. Mounting brackets are included and come in different types from different manufacturers. They are also fastened in different ways: some on the rafters, others on the rafters and on the crate. Mounting brackets are also included in the standard kit, they are provided with a measuring ruler to correctly adjust the position of the frame in the opening. Screws and galvanized nails are used as fastening material.

The frame without a double-glazed window must be installed in place in the window opening and correct the position of the lower edge of the box, screw the lower brackets until they stop. It is better to leave the upper fasteners with a backlash and do not tighten to the end to facilitate subsequent adjustment. Experts advise to insert the sash into the frame to check the tight fit and correct gaps. At this stage, they check all levels, angles and distances, correct inaccuracies, adjust the frame in place using plastic corners... In the future, it will be impossible to correct the distortions. After adjustment, the sash is carefully dismantled again so as not to damage the hinges.

After adjustment and adjustment, the brackets are twisted tightly and a waterproofing apron is laid around the box, the top of the apron is placed under the drainage gutter, one edge of the apron is stapled to the frame, and the other is brought under the crate. The thermal insulation is attached along the side portions of the frame.

The flashing must be installed strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is different for different brands, and their equipment is also different. In any case, the lower part of the flashing is mounted first, then the side elements, and then the upper part, and only at the end the overlays are installed.

From the inside, the window is finished and the ready-made factory slopes are installed. Their correct position is such that the lower slope should look horizontally, and the upper slope strictly vertically, otherwise the convection of warm air around the window structure will be disturbed, and unwanted condensation will appear. Slopes are fastened mainly by snapping onto special locks.

Plastic

Dormer window constructions made of plastic PVC profiles are offered by all major well-known manufacturing companies. Due to the properties of plastic, the line of such products is used in rooms with high levels of humidity, in regions with a humid climate. A good solution is to install a PVC transformer window. Opening the bottom sash creates a small balcony. Complex structures are also glazed with plastic frames, for example, balconies and loggias in the gables; if desired, or if there are beautiful views, you can make the entire section of the gable from floor to ceiling glass.

These frames have several locking positions, the opening mechanism for them is along the central axis. Double-glazed windows with tempered glass can withstand significant mechanical loads and even a person's weight. For comfortable ventilation, ventilation valves with special removable filters are provided; they are designed to clean the air in the room when the windows are closed.

The service life of plastic frames with regular inspection and preventive maintenance is at least 30 years. You do not need to tint them constantly.

Wooden

The most popular material for roof frames is wood. Since wood absorbs moisture, swells, and dries up under the influence of the sun, such material is not used without special protection measures. Basically, they use northern pine, the reliability and strength of which has been tested for centuries, solid or glued beams. Impregnate it with antiseptics and cover it with a double layer of varnish. In this case, the tree does not rot, does not deform, and gains durability. Some manufacturers coat pine timber with monolithic polyurethane. This coating increases the durability of the box and gives it additional strength.

The main advantage of wood is environmental friendliness, safety for human health. Thanks to the beautiful natural texture, reinforced with varnish, it looks natural and harmonious in the interior, emphasizing the atmosphere of a country house. These windows are the most affordable and have the richest assortment of models and varieties, fasteners and opening mechanisms. These frames can be either vertical and installed in a skylight in the roof, or inclined for installation on roof slopes at an angle. They are perfect for offices, bedrooms, living rooms and children's rooms.

Metallic

Aluminum roof frames are mainly used in offices, hospitals, administrative buildings for various purposes. They have a rigid, durable structure, relatively low weight, withstand strong and sharp temperature jumps - from -80 to + 100 degrees.

The metal profile is of cold and warm type.

You can choose the most suitable shade from a rich palette of colors in which to paint metal profiles... During operation, they do not require any preventive maintenance, except for washing the windows.

Installation of roof window structures is a laborious and responsible business. Experienced specialists share years of experience and give valuable advice on their correct installation in order to avoid errors and errors during installation, as well as on preventive maintenance of them so that they serve reliably as long as possible.

Failure by the purchaser to follow the manufacturer's instructions for self-assembly may result in the loss of warranty rights.
When accepting a window delivered from the factory or from a store, you should carefully examine it for its integrity and conformity to the configuration, size, detection of visual defects and packaging damage. In case of non-compliance with the requirements, the acceptance certificate should not be signed.
It is not recommended to use polyurethane foam for installation. In this case, only special insulating sealants are needed. The mounting foam will not provide waterproofing, but when it solidifies and expands, it will create an additional load on the frame and can move the structural elements and jam the sash.

The usable space under the roof above the first floor can always be used rationally. Why do you need an uninhabited cold attic when, with a reasonable approach, it can be turned into a full-fledged living space? The design of the attic will require attention, investment, as a result, you get additional space, it can be turned into a bedroom, living room, study or cinema. An insulated attic will save up to a quarter of the energy that is usually used to heat a house.

Second floor design

Previously, the attic was not intended for living. Later, they began to place servants there. Today it has become fashionable to make living rooms under the very roof.

If it is necessary to reconstruct the truss system for the equipment of the attic floor, the services of professionals may be required. When heating, ventilation and electricity are already present, the interior can be thought out independently.

Points to consider when creating the interior of a house with an attic:

Mandatory insulation, the presence of all engineering communications. In matters of arrangement, you need to be very careful, in their decision to be technically savvy.
Think well how to use walls, beams, slopes in the interior of the room.
It is rational to approach vertical windows or located in lucarnes, with their help to achieve maximum illumination.
In the decoration, use those materials that show the greatest moisture resistance.
Do not get carried away big amount furniture, unnecessary details, accessories, remember the rule: low ceilings require the same low furniture.
Try to use natural finishing materials.
Rationally manage the space, in the process of being passionate about design development and not make it more cramped.

Small attic

The modest size of the room is not an obstacle to creating stylish interior... Sloped ceilings take up a large proportion of the space. This can always be played up, volume and area can be added with the help of successful lighting, maximized in height and width of window openings, harmonious colors.

Attic bedroom

Depending on the degree of inclination, the room under the roof is adapted for different purposes. At a low angle of inclination, the attic will become ideal place for the location of the bedroom there. Its comfort, romance will only benefit, it will become quieter, warmer, through the windows it will be possible to admire the starry sky.

To decorate the space, they choose a traditional style, equip it in an oriental or aristocratic manner. In any case, at first you will have to build on the height of the room, not chase after large parts, stop at more compact ones. First, you will need to arrange the most necessary furniture, fill the remaining space with other details.

When choosing finishes, they rely on those materials that were used in the design of the house. Eco-style will naturally look in the bedroom, where there is a lot of wood, classic decoration with wallpaper, which will emphasize beauty and comfort. Special attention- textiles. He will add accents, give a unique look.

What can be done if the ceiling in the room is very low? Even in such a situation, you can equip a cozy bedroom. A “tatami” bed will be a way out, and the entire interior must be maintained in the style of oriental minimalism. The ceiling will visually rise if it is in light colors.

Living room in the attic

A cozy living room in the attic can be made with a minimum of effort. The main thing is that the room for guests is spacious and solid. A carefully thought-out design is able to turn even a small room into a reception area for guests.

To visually expand the narrow volume of the attic, you need to strive for light colors in everything: use plastic, transparent glass furniture, make the walls as light as possible.

The first rule for accessories is the unity of all the details. For windows, translucent fabrics are best suited. Blackout curtains and blinds will look good.

The style of the living room should correspond to your interests, mood, be in harmony with all the decoration of the house. Choose from the following destinations:

Classic. She is inherent in luxury and grace. You will need solid furniture, carpets, chandeliers. The main decoration of the interior should be the fireplace area. There are no bright colors, everything is orderly.
Modern Art Nouveau. Functionality, simplicity, practicality. The atmosphere of the room is dominated by warm pastel shades and dark elements. All details are subject to harmony.
Retro. The atmosphere is typical for the end of the century before last. The living room is furnished and decorated with paintings of that time. Instead of a fireplace, you can build a cast iron stove or its stylization.
Provence. A popular destination due to its sophistication and romance. The decoration and furniture are subject to antiquity. The room is warmed by warm southern tones.
High tech. For modern lovers of creativity. In the finishing, everything is in line with the latest fashion. Lots of chrome, glass parts. Strict forms, monotony, minimalism.

Roofed kitchen and dining room

It's great if this idea comes to your mind even at the stage of laying the building. The arrangement of the kitchen will require appropriate communications. You will need not only light and insulation, but also the supply of gas and water.

A well-thought-out interior of an attic with a kitchen and a dining room can become as convenient and beautiful as possible, the choice of style, furniture, taking into account the nuances of the layout of the room, the height of the ceilings, and the shape of the floors are important.

Where the ceiling is sloped, position the hob, install a sofa and a table with a sink. Give preference to modular systems, lockers with inclined walls. The best option- multilevel furniture, preferably on wheels, no massive headsets in the classicism style. Avant-garde and techno functionality with bright color accents and unusual furniture would be more appropriate.

When developing a kitchen interior, you need to take into account that:

natural light will be best provided by large skylights;
it is better to purchase furniture in bright colors, keep the walls and ceiling in pastel colors;
with appropriate planning, kitchen furniture place it against the wall that is perpendicular to the slope;
dining table it will be good at the window;
the colors of the kitchen and dining room zones should be combined with each other, it is even better if the contrasts between them are opposite.

The design of windows on the attic floor, where the kitchen will be located, may dictate a complete lack of decor. The most convenient option will be roller blinds, blinds.

Children's room

"Dead zones", the inconvenience of planning - those claims that are usually made in the process of working on the design of the attic floor. In the case of a nursery, sloping walls, not quite accessible corners, on the contrary, may create additional opportunities. Features of the relief of the walls, differences in the height of the ceilings can be played well. Highly positioned windows are safer than traditional ones.

The first step is to think about good insulation, the safety of all materials used, and the convenience of planning.

The child will like to be the sole owner of a separate room, which he can live in at his own discretion. The room will be a good vantage point away from close parental supervision. It is easy to organize several zones here: for recreation, games, storage of many toys, things, creativity.

For a nursery, it is important to have an abundance of light, bright accents. Will fit well into the interior unusual furniture, on sleeping places, colorful textiles, all kinds of soft floor coverings, many interesting colorful lamps in different areas of the space.

Cabinet, workshop or library

In a small private house it is always difficult to distinguish a separate room under the office or workshop. In the former attic, you can organize a cozy area for privacy, reading, your favorite hobby. A large space is not required, a few square meters are enough. If there are no restrictions in meters, impressive book racks will fit here, soft sofa or a fluffy rug with lots of cozy pillows for relaxing, a rocking chair in a separate corner with a floor lamp.

The attic room is decorated with open shelves or closed shelves for books, tools, using all the space to the maximum.

In order not to reduce the space of the attic floor, do not sew up massive wooden beams with plasterboard. This will not allow to narrow the already limited space, will give the interior individuality, the atmosphere of the office with a lot of equipment and electronics will become warmer.

Attic bathroom

The attic floor, due to its specificity, sloped ceiling, walls with at different levels, is not often used for functional purposes. In a large metropolis, the entire apartment may turn out to be an attic area. When creating the interior of a country house, utilitarian premises can also be placed under the roof itself.

There are nuances here, when drawing up a design project for an attic, not only the size of the room is taken into account, the growth of the owners, ergonomic patterns are taken into account. You will get a comfortable, practical bathroom, it is better to place it above the kitchen area. This will simplify the operation of water supply and sewerage systems. A toilet bowl and a bathroom are most often installed close to an inclined wall. If the dimensions of the room are small, then instead of it it is better to put a shower stall.

Plumbing, furniture should be compact, washbasins built into cabinets, cabinets, various suspended structures... It is better if the surfaces and doors are made of materials with a light, glossy, mirror surface. Floor tiles are appropriate.

With the impressive size of the room, the walls are decorated in any colors, if it is cramped, they stop at a light scale, which should visually expand the space. For the same purpose, it is worth abandoning the idea of hiding structures and saving space on this. We decorate them, make an interior accent.

Home theater

Usually one of the largest rooms on the ground floor combines the functions of a dining room, living room, kitchen. This is convenient, zoning helps not to infringe on each of the segments.

The current design of the attic room, if there is no urgent need to save usable space, suggests the possibility of planning a full-fledged home theater on the second floor of a summer house or private house. This room has a large sofa, a TV, and a wall-to-wall projector screen. The wires and the speaker system are hidden behind beautiful wall panels, where disks and other paraphernalia can also be conveniently placed.

In the presence of funds, rich imagination, a bar counter, a refrigerator for drinks, a machine for popcorn, and coffee making are added to the arsenal. If you make the environment mobile, the room will come in handy for holding dance parties and other mass gatherings.

Cloakroom under the roof

It is unprofitable to arrange a storage system on the ground floors due to the eternal lack of space. To equip a room under a roof for such purposes, even if it is a small area and with a specific shape, is a very good solution. The belongings of all family members can be taken here. We turn a non-standard layout, with a thoughtful approach, into a plus.

Asymmetry, all kinds of ceiling bevels will not always allow you to arrange a store range of furniture on the attic area. But you can think of how to use each corner with custom cabinets, shelving, shelves.

Wardrobes and niches for long items are installed against high walls. Near the walls with a slope, a wardrobe with sliding doors will fit well. Next to low fragments of the wall, you can equip low pedestals, benches, which are convenient to sit on, store seasonal things there, shoes with a vacuum cleaner.

Fireplace room

The attic is a non-standard space. Heated floors, electric radiators are not quite suitable for extraordinary people to create an atmosphere of romance and creativity. A fireplace can play both a purely practical role and a purely decorative one.

The traditional wood burning fireplace is a massive structure. Since the overlap of the attic floor is unlikely to withstand a structure of half a ton, preference is given to compact models with low weight. Cladding with heavy stone, ceramics is contraindicated. The most appropriate high-tech style, steel, glass, cast-iron parts, simple forms no decorative frills.

The design of the fireplace in the attic is very individual, it must take into account the degree of load, the ventilation system. If the floors in the house are wooden, they stop at electric models or those that run on biofuel.

Important! If you would like to have a fireplace in your attic, provide a place to store solid fuels. A smoke evacuation system is compulsory, but it comes with additional financial burden. When using electrical models, you need to choose the most powerful. Fan heaters draw a lot of energy, do not withstand fire safety requirements, and dry the air excessively.

Ceiling materials and design

When choosing a ceiling finish, take into account all the nuances of its structure, your future comfort depends on it.

The range of materials for work is quite wide. All known types of decoration can be used. Tension surfaces, made of lining and plasterboard, are suitable, the main thing is to take into account the roof structure. Sometimes the design does not allow embedding wiring with fixtures, the best alternative would be to make a false or false ceiling.

Stretch coatings are applied only when a vertical wall is present. Otherwise, given the small area, proximity furnishings, there is a risk of damage to the surface. Tensioning systems do not make the structures heavier, they are good for all forms of roofs, it is easy to cover any communications behind them.

The most common and available ways finishes - drywall and lining, it is also easier to attach decorative elements to them.

The attic look very original, in which the ceiling is covered with wallpaper light colors with a delicate pattern.

Effective multi-level plasterboard ceilings with height differences, a lot of unexpected protrusions. Correctly beaten sloping roof significantly adds beauty and originality to the entire interior.

Attic wall decoration

The most popular material here is wood. No other can compare with him. It is distinguished by the uniqueness of the woody aroma, created only by its microclimate, and serves as additional thermal insulation.

The simplest solution is clapboard decoration, which has several types of profile and methods of location on the surface.

Often used are wooden panels made from solid wood or from the same lining. A budget option- laminated and veneered panels, MDF with wood or bamboo veneer. The interior of the attic with such panels is more suitable for an office, a sports room, so it is better to resort to a combination with wallpaper, painting or decorative plaster.

A relatively new material called wooden wallpaper looks very advantageous. Like traditional ones, they are glued to the wall. Such a wood-like attic finish is very decorating.

A large drawing, the dark color of the walls in the space of a small attic is not entirely appropriate. It is better to paste over the walls with white wallpaper. The soft color of the furniture and the stains of bright accessories will enliven the interior.

The most recent novelty in attics is HPL panels, plastic high pressure, with which you can embody the most effective design solutions.

From modern technologies it is worth mentioning the last "squeak" - the drapery of the walls with fabrics. Not all walls are decorated with exquisite textiles, but two or one in the center of the room.

Important! When arranging the attic floor, you need to monitor how accurately the technical requirements for thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls are met. If the insulation and ventilation do not meet all standards, there is a risk that the roof and windows will become covered with condensation in cold weather. Dampness and its consequence - the fungus can cause discomfort, household illnesses, and premature damage to furniture.

Floor covering materials

There are always high demands on how the attic floor is arranged. This is due to two very important requirements: good heat and sound insulation. Traditional finishing methods do not solve these problems. The construction of not only dry, but also the installation of a "floating" base is designed to satisfy all requests.

For reliable insulation, use mineral wool, glass wool. Good waterproofing is also very important. The flooring requires a special base, the role of which is played by boards made of fir, pine, larch, treated with special antiseptics.

The final cladding can be anything: linoleum, laminate, parquet, chipboard, carpet, depending on the tastes of the owners, their views on the future function and style of the room.

It is not worth saving on the floor covering, because materials of poor quality will crack, burn out, and emit extraneous sounds over time. A thick layer of insulating material is required. Carpets will serve as decoration, additional insulation; on the attic floor they are more than appropriate.

Choosing skylights

One of the main issues in the construction of an attic is to ensure a high level of natural light. Each room should have at least one window, it is better if there are several of them, it is very good when they are located on more than one wall. The width of the windows can be specified, no wider than the distance between the rafters. The length is limited by the top and bottom edges, depending on the slope of the roof.

Modern design

More recently, the windows in the attic were deaf, did not open, they just crashed into the roof. Now double-glazed windows have at least two glass panes. The outer glass can be hardened to increase its strength, the inner glass is treated in a special way so that it breaks and does not fall apart into pieces with sharp corners.

Modern frames are capable of pivoting in one axis or another, directly in the middle, 2/3 from the edge. Rotary devices work both in manual mode and using the remote control.

There are several types of roof windows:

vertical;
inclined;
designed for flat roofs.

The work of installing skylights is not for a beginner, so it is better to entrust it to professionals.

How to choose the right one

Compare the ratio of floor area to glass surface. If the windows are planned to be installed in a room where a lot of daylight is required (for children), then the area of the window opening to the floor should be 1: 8. In the bedroom, 1:10 is allowed.

Moisture resistant glass is necessary in rooms with high level humidity (bathroom, dryer, sauna).
The outer glass must be tempered. Then even a strong hail will not be terrible.
The ventilation built into the roof window should be labyrinth-shaped, adjustable, allow fresh air to enter, but not let the cold into the room.

Not only visible, but also hidden from the eyes of the places in the structure wooden windows must be varnished, this is a guarantee of protection against moisture.

Make sure that the lower slopes of the window are perpendicular to the floor, and the upper ones are parallel. This will prevent the formation of condensation and contribute to better lighting.

Artificial lighting

The organization of the light supply system depends on the zoning of the space, on how the furniture is located in the room, the number and size of windows, the structural features of the roof and ceiling.

There should be a lot of light in the attic. For this, local lamps are used: sconces, all kinds of floor lamps, portable lamps and rotary, point devices. Ceiling chandeliers of varying power will not be superfluous.

You can refuse the usual chandelier, install spotlights only in the most exploited areas. Only spot lighting is allowed in the bedroom. In the living room, where gatherings and events are planned, install general and local lighting fixtures.

To create a romantic ceiling pattern, the effect of a starry sky, fiber-optic lighting threads are used. Any options for local light are good in the attic.

Color solution

Since the attic is a specific room, the color scheme in its design is of no small importance. Light colors are preferred, which is especially true for small interiors under the roof. The overall color range must be maintained on all surfaces, including furniture, walls, ceilings, floors. Decoration Materials should also be in harmony with each other, make up a single whole.

A space with a deep ceiling needs light and glossy surfaces that reflect light. Visually, it will be enhanced by the color contrast of the floor and walls. The dark floor and dazzling white walls that have no boundaries with the ceiling will create the illusion of infinity. Ceiling beams matching in color with floor covering, will become the original part of the design.

When choosing textiles and furniture, you should also give preference to light pastel shades. A small room will become even smaller if dark colors are abused in the design.

To somehow liven up the interior, add bright touches. Transparent curtains will not block the light, but they will add a play of shadows and create the necessary coziness.

The choice of the purpose of the premises and the style of its decoration are always the prerogative of the owner of the house. What to choose depends on his tastes, financial capabilities, lifestyle.

Until recently, the attic was associated only with a place for storing old and unnecessary things. Today, in the premises under the roof, called mansards, comfortable living rooms, delicate bedrooms, and offices are equipped.

Appointment

The word "attic" comes from the surname of the 17th century French architect François Mansart, who was the first to make a living space out of the attic. There were no openings for light in such a room; darkness and stuffiness were constant companions of the person who lived there. The design changes only happened during the Second World War, when the Danish engineer Willum Kann Rassmunsen proposed to make glazed openings in the roofs, allowing fresh air and natural light to enter the stuffy attic.

So, the main function of roof windows is lighting. Experts believe that their choice and quality installation increases the amount of transmitted light by 40%. Due to the possibility of ventilation, the air quality is significantly improved. The rooms are filled with coziness and mystery. If necessary, the opening in the roof makes it possible to get out of the house or, conversely, get inside.

Types and characteristics

The first skylights were glazed openings. The variety of models that exist today is the result of many years of development, the use of new technologies and the wishes of customers.

Vertical openings are made on the gables or in specially made external structures of the roof slope (the so-called "birdhouses"). They are easy to install, decorate a cottage or summer cottage, but, however, let in little light. Among the advantages are the absence of extreme loads acting on them and a variety of sizes.

Location vertical windows in the lower part of the room prevents heat leakage."Birdhouse" allows you to slightly increase the area of the upper room, but, on the other hand, complicates the rafter system and can lead to possible leaks at the points of attachment to the main roof.

Facade (cornice) windows are installed at an angle of 90 degrees directly under the roof. They allow you to make an exit to a terrace or balcony, enjoy a beautiful panoramic view, decorate the house with flowers. A small amount of natural light is the main disadvantage of these elements.

Inclined models installed in line with the ramp are more common. They are believed to transmit up to 30% more light. The advantages are optimal use of the usable area and space saving.

One of the key differences between skylights is how they open. The most popular are mid-swing models. The only sash opens by turning around its axis, located either in the center or 3/4 closer to the upper edge. Such models are easy to operate and maintain. However, full access to the outside can be difficult.

The choice of balcony-type windows is the desire to create a charming, beautiful mansion, unlike others. When folded, the structure resembles a double sash, and when unfolded it looks like a small balcony. The top opens up and the bottom opens to the side. Balcony models can only be installed on a roof with a slope angle of 35-55 degrees.

Sometimes the architectural features of the roof prevent the installation of full-size models. Then hatch windows with a "light tunnel" will be an excellent solution. They represent a tube, one end of which goes up, the other remains in the room.

Installing a "light tunnel" requires a lot of space between the attic ceiling and the roof.

Such hatches are also used in non-residential premises, but without a "light tunnel". The structure consists of one sash that rises upward.

Swing models are another popular option for the attic. However, it is not very convenient to use them - in order to wash them, you must either stretch out strongly or go out onto the slope.

The roof window can be equipped with a rain sensor and an electric drive. Remote control technology makes it possible to adjust the structure without leaving the couch and even staying on the lower floor of the house. Wall switches can be used instead of remote control.

The choice of the type of window depends on the purpose of the room in which it is installed, the goals and aesthetic wishes of the residents. It is more expedient to determine how the given architectural detail even at the time of construction - this will avoid unnecessary costs associated with the reconstruction of the ramp. Installation of this product in a private house can be done by hand.

It is important to decide which window options are right for you, for example, deaf, transformer, oblique or non-opening. Each of them has both its pros and cons.

Installation features

Skylights are located so that external factors - wind, precipitation, snow and ice pressure, heat, have a strong influence on them. The process of installing them requires attention, knowledge and skill.

The most common mistakes when installing on metal tiles are improper installation of insulating flashing, poor insulation of slopes and the use of polyurethane foam... Anyway, Before starting installation work, read the installation instructions.

For a better understanding of the installation process, it is necessary to understand the structure of the window: a double-glazed window is inserted into the sash with an inert gas contained inside - argon, which provides excellent thermal insulation. The standard equipment includes aprons for waterproofing and vapor control, a drainage gutter, flashing, insulation material and internal slopes.

Before starting the installation work, you need to prepare the tools: tape measure, building level, electric drill and scissors for cutting metal, hacksaw, electric scissors, stapler, screwdriver, pliers.

Installation is carried out on a beam laid at the bottom, or rafters. It is important to ensure that the clearance on each side of the frame is at least 3 cm. The frame is installed at a height of 80 to 130 cm from the floor level. Several factors determine the height of the installation: the location of the handle, the type of roofing material, the structural features of the roof, the wishes of the customer. If the handle is at the bottom, the frame is placed higher, if at the top - lower.

The sheeting can be cut to any part. If the surface is covered with ceramic tiles, it cannot be cut, and the hole can only be made over completed rows.

Marks are made on the waterproofing material where the holes will be located, the cut is made taking into account the margin - about 20 cm on each side. A waterproofing apron is placed on top of the waterproofing for complete tightness. Next, the roof covering is removed, the crate is cut, stepping back 2 centimeters from the support, and a bar is nailed from below - about 10 centimeters from the crate.

When performing work, it is imperative to use a level. The upper edge of the waterproofing is attached to the lathing, and the lower edge to the timber. The side pieces extend outward.

Before installing the frame, it is necessary to remove the glass unit and the flashing. Mounting brackets are placed on the box. It is important to remember that models from different manufacturers can have different shapes and are attached in different ways: only on rafters or on rafters and crate. An insulating material is attached to the top of the box, which is later pressed against the timber. Once the bottom edge is adjusted, tighten the bottom brackets firmly.

To improve waterproofing, a waterproofing apron is laid along the perimeter of the window opening. Usually it is included in the package, but you can make it yourself. Above the frame, a part of the lathing is removed along the width of the drainage gutter. The gutter is run under the waterproofing material, cut in the middle, and installed around the perimeter of the frame. The top of the apron is pulled under the gutter, and its edges - under the crate. The apron itself is attached to the box with a stapler. The design allows moisture to drain exactly into the gutter.

Upon completion of the waterproofing installation, the protective flashing is installed and fastened. Installation is carried out in the following sequence: at the bottom - a corrugated apron, then - the side parts and finally - the top element. At the end, the pads are placed until the auditory click. The lower apron is attached to roofing material, and parts of the frame - to the lattice and box. The sash is returned to the frame, the protective film is removed.

From the inside, it is recommended to install slopes - strips framing the frame. An opening stick must be present. Correctly installed slopes (the upper one is parallel to the floor and the lower one is vertical) helps to maintain gentle air circulation and natural heating. In addition, they have an aesthetic function.

It is quite difficult to mount a triangular window, so it is better to entrust this work to a professional.

Materials (edit)

Roof windows are made from various materials. Depending on preferences, capabilities and goals, you can choose wooden, plastic or metal products.

In country-style mansions and chalets, small houses and cottages, wooden structures look great. The main raw material is northern pine. The high density of glued timber makes the products flexible and allows the use of fewer fasteners. The big advantage of wood is the manufacture of products of various shapes and sizes - arched elements, balconies.

Wooden products are susceptible to the negative effects of moisture, however, if the frame is varnished with water-based varnish once every 2-3 years, their service life will increase.

Wood is an ecological, natural, breathable material. V wooden house it is much easier to breathe, which affects the level of living comfort.

Products from a plastic profile, in contrast to a wooden one, do not require special care. It is waterproof, does not rot and deteriorate under the influence of water and dirt, and can last 40-50 years. The ventilation issue is solved with the help of special valves. Resistant to adverse conditions environment and also the low price made such products very popular. The problematic point is that When heated, the plastic profile can emit PVC - a gas harmful to living organisms.

The plastic profile looks great in mansions, regardless of what they are built from. A special film makes it possible to adapt the color of the frame to the general outward appearance buildings.

Sometimes roof windows are made on the basis of an aluminum profile. This material resistant to corrosion and deformation, allows the manufacture of products of various shapes and sizes. Aluminum products can be used for a long time (at least 80 years) in aggressive environmental conditions at a variety of temperatures. They are unpretentious in care, have protection from precipitation and ultraviolet rays. A wide range of colors allows you to adapt the profile to any design option for the roof and the house itself.

Products from an aluminum profile are cold and warm. Cold ones are used for glazing openings non-residential premises... Warm structures are installed in the attics of residential buildings. Their profile consists of three parts with a thermal insulating insert. This structure prevents the penetration of cold air inside, and warm outside. The space between the thermostats is filled with polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene.

There are windows made of wood-aluminum profiles for sale. The outside is made of aluminum and the inside is made of wood. Thus, adverse external conditions do not significantly affect the profile.

One of the requirements for structures installed under the roof is low weight. Often they consist of a 1-chamber double-glazed unit with four types of glass: heat-polished (float glass), with a transparent metallized coating, tempered and triplex. Thermo-polished glass prevents optical distortion. Metallized glass reflects ultraviolet rays.

When tempered glass cracks, a lot of small particles with blunt edges to avoid cuts. Triplex is a two-layer glass with a special film that holds cracked fragments.

Reflective double-glazed windows, which help to keep cool in constantly illuminated rooms, are made to order.

There are also self-cleaning double-glazed windows - their outer surface is coated with a special agent that destroys organic pollution under the influence of the sun.

When choosing windows for the attic, you need to pay attention not only to the material from which the frame is made. It is important to make sure good quality accessories - handles, hinges and others. It is preferable that the used fittings are original and made of stainless steel.

Dimensions (edit)

The choice of the size of roof windows must be approached very carefully. Lighting, the appearance of the house, its perception will largely depend on this. Aesthetic preferences alone are not enough when sizing. Consideration should be given to the area of the room and the possible location of window openings.

In accordance with accepted standards, the window area must be at least 1 square meter per 10 square meters of the room. For the living room, studio and bedroom, the proportions can be different, for example, 1 to 8. Smaller proportions are possible for the toilet, bathroom, wardrobe, pantry and other utility rooms. However, the given proportions can be implemented in different ways: in some cases, to create a feeling of beauty and freedom, you can install one large window, in others, several small ones will create coziness.

When designing an attic, it should be remembered that, according to experts, two or three window openings on opposite sides bevels will be given better lighting than one large of the same area.

The intervals between the openings and their width depend on the distance between the rafters. Usually it is 80 cm, because the standard width of skylights is 78 cm. For a rafter system with a step bigger size use frames with a width of 94, 114 cm.If the distance between the rafters is small, you can purchase products with a width of 55 or 60 cm.

The tall window allows you to enjoy a wonderful view. However, the choice of height does not only depend on beauty. Roof layout has a major influence. On a flatter roof, a longer hole is made. For a roof with a slope of 35 degrees, the optimal length will be 160 cm, for a roof with a slope of 70 degrees - no more than 120 cm. The length is also determined taking into account that the lower edge of the structure should be at a distance of at least 1 m from the floor.

So, the standard frame sizes are as follows: 78x118 cm, 78x140 cm, 78x160 cm, 94x140 cm, 114x118 cm, 114x140 cm. Non-standard options glazing is made to order.

Registration

Roof windows are interesting architectural solution... Their design can be original, attractive, and an excessive amount of additional decorative elements, in turn, can harm the external and internal image of the house. Correctly selected design gives a sense of organicity, romance, freedom, comfort, grace. But before choosing a design, you should figure out whether it is needed to provide protection against burglary, from the sun, or just as a decorative element.

External shutters, the so-called roller shutters, are usually used to protect mechanical damage and excessive sunlight; they provide sound insulation. It is better to install them outside, since being installed inside, they contribute to additional heating of the glass and the entire inner space of the attic.

External shutters, however, are not very pretty and graceful and are more suitable for people who prefer functionality.

Another option for sun protection is thin nets, the so-called awnings. They allow light to pass through, scattering it and thus reducing heat input. Separately installed awnings also function as a mosquito net.

The curtains are in the classic way registration of window openings. On vertical structures, ordinary curtains are used, on inclined ones - two cornices. The first cornice is installed on top, and the second is placed where it is convenient - it will not let the canvas fall and hold it in the desired position. Velcro, eyelets, braid, clamps, clamps are used to fix the canvas. These elements are also used as decoration. Curtains bring elegance and tenderness to the visit.

Blinds are less original and aesthetic. However, they are easy to install and adapt to openings of various shapes, which makes them quite a popular attribute.

For non-standard forms window openings are irreplaceable pleats. The canvas is held by a special cord or electric drive, which allows you to assemble the curtain or hold it in the required position.

In the interior, you can arrange windows exclusively to your liking. All decoration and finishing can be done by yourself.