Ducks: breeding at home as a business. Complete duck breeding business plan

One of the most popular economic birds summer residents and farmers have ducks. Breeding this living creature at home is a business that does not require large initial investments and is quite profitable at the same time. But of course, a novice entrepreneur should definitely know what are the rules for caring for this bird.

at home as a business: what you need to know?

A plot for a duck farm is best purchased away from the city. It is desirable if there is a small body of water nearby. Required dimensions land allotment depend on the planned livestock. Ducks are bred in three ways: closed, walking and limited walking. In the second case, the area will need much more. For walking one duck needs about 10 square meters. m. With a closed content, you can get by with 2 square meters. m per person. The same applies to the limited walking method.

Experienced farmers believe that such an enterprise can be profitable only if it contains at least 500 indouts. As for other breeds, in this case even more individuals will be needed. For example, breeding at home, which is quite profitable, is usually contained in an amount of at least 800 pieces.

How to set up a business?

Usually, duck farms are registered as an LLC. Although a small enterprise can be registered as an individual entrepreneur. In this case, you do not have to keep accounts. However, in terms of the seriousness and prestige of the IP, of course, the LLC loses.

In order to organize such an enterprise as a duck farm, a novice poultry farmer, of course, will need start-up capital. Since such a business is too expensive to initial stage does not require, usually 2000-3000 dollars is enough. If the person who wants to organize a farm does not have such an amount, he will have to contact the bank. In this case, it will be necessary to create detailed business-plan enterprises, indicating the initial costs, possible profits, etc.

What should be the poultry house?

Ducks, which can be bred at home both by floor and walking methods, are unpretentious birds. And they will feel good in almost any building. Free-range content is possible only if there is a reservoir in the immediate vicinity of the farm. Therefore, most often ducks are bred by the outdoor limited-range method.

When building a poultry house, it is important to make sure that there are no gaps in its walls. Like all ducks, they react very painfully to temperature changes. A small artificial paddock is usually arranged near the poultry house. Breeding at home, like any other, will be beneficial only if there is a large enough place for the bird to move in the fresh air.

The paddock is usually fenced with a 1.5-meter-high fence made of chain-link mesh. When keeping ducks in large quantities water should not be placed in the walking area. Otherwise, they will begin to fight for the right to swim and breed dirt on the territory. Breeds bred by modern breeders are well adapted for keeping without water.

A pond or lake on the farm is required only if its owners are engaged in such a business as breeding wild ducks at home.

In the poultry house itself, it will be necessary to determine a place for ducklings, grown-up young animals, as well as broodstock. The latter usually consists of two families of 3-4 layers and one drake each. In this case, it will be possible to get enough eggs to reproduce the herd.

Poultry equipment

Feeders and drinkers are installed in the duck shed and on the paddock. In the latter case, it is best to use nipple or drip design models. It is better not to put open drinkers in the duck house. This is especially true for the winter period. In frosts, ducks can swim in a drinking bowl and freeze. If there is no opportunity to purchase drip structures, in winter the ducks will have to give snow instead of water. Open drinkers are removed for the winter. Nests should also be placed in the broodstock section.

Breed selection

Most often, on medium and small farms, they contain the Beijing unpretentious breed, which belongs to the meat direction of productivity. This bird does not eat too much and puts on weight fairly quickly. Breeding Peking ducks at home is considered a particularly profitable business. They usually keep such a bird up to two months of age. Therefore, two or three broods can be brought up in a year.

It is worth thinking about (musky) as well. The main advantage of this bird is lean meat. It sells very readily. Breeding Muscovy duck at home can therefore be a very profitable business. However, if you want to keep just such a bird, you should keep in mind that Indo-ducks can fly.

Sometimes farms are also bred combining best qualities musky and Beijing breeds of mularda, as well as wild mallards.

Feeding

Ducks, whose home breeding will be successful only if the diet is properly developed, in winter period they usually eat three times a day. In summer, the number of feedings is reduced to two per day. Of course, only if the farm has a large enough pasture with a pond. Feeding can be carried out using two technologies: dry, using compound feed and wet, using vegetable mixtures. In the first case, you do not have to hire attendants to prepare the mash. However, feed costs are higher when using the dry method.

When feeding according to wet technology, grated vegetables are mixed with chopped grass (carrot and beet tops, nettles, etc.) and seasoned or with meat broth.

If there is a pond or lake nearby, you can save a lot on feeding. Ducks willingly eat succulent grass, algae and plankton. In areas where ground water close to the surface, it is easy to make an artificial pond. To do this, simply dig a hole 2.5-3 m deep.

Breeding Peking ducks at home, mulards, as well as other breeds with a fast metabolism, has the peculiarity that food in the bird feeders must be constantly present.

Chicks at home

Ducklings are bred on farms, usually using an incubator. Eggs are laid in the apparatus for 28-30 days. For a farm, incubator models with automatic egg flipping are more suitable. The output of young ducks, unfortunately, is very small. The fact is that the eggshell of this bird has large pores. Because of this, an infection often gets inside, as a result of which the embryo dies. Therefore, incubators must be disinfected before laying. The eggs themselves cannot be washed. If the protective cuticle is damaged, the risk of infection increases many times over. Before laying duck eggs, it is very desirable to inspect with an ovoscope. Very often these devices are sold together with incubators.

Of course, eggs can only be taken from birds belonging to any breed. Hybrids will have to be bought annually. Not very productive ducks grow out of cross chicks. Moulards, whose home breeding is distinguished by just such a feature, are very popular hybrids. However, those who wish to breed them should take into account that one such duckling costs about 45-50 rubles.

Profitability

Entrepreneurs who breed ducks receive income:

• From the sale of meat. Ducks are usually slaughtered at 2 months of age. After molting, this bird forms a lot of “stumps” on the skin, which spoils marketable condition carcasses. In addition, after two months, with an increase in the amount of feed required in weight, the bird begins to gain very slowly.
• From the sale of down and feathers. You can organize your own workshop for sewing pillows or donate raw materials to someone else's atelier.
• From the sale of manure. It can be implemented, for example, by summer residents.

Ducks, which should be bred at home using certain technologies, as you can see, are unpretentious. The main thing is to properly organize production and purchase chicks. And then the business of breeding this bird will be profitable and profitable.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

350 000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

6 months

Payback

65%

Profitability

100 000₽

Net profit

The business of growing waterfowl is highly profitable and promising. The organization of a small household plot does not require serious investments and high labor costs, although ducks need good conditions content. The most popular among start-up entrepreneurs is the mini-farm format, which can be placed on an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than 100 square meters. meters.

Technical and material base of a duck farm

Conventionally, the entire territory for the farm can be divided into three separate segments: a poultry house with an aviary for growing and fattening birds for sale, a poultry house with breeding birds, a utility room with everything necessary equipment and inventory.

In general, a poultry house for ducks is not much different from a regular chicken coop. It has standard requirements. It should be dry, clean and bright, have electric lighting, be well ventilated, but the occurrence of drafts is unacceptable. Often, novice farmers prefer more cheap option supply and exhaust ventilation.

However, experienced poultry farmers believe that this is just the item of expenditure on which it is not worth saving. In their opinion, better fit forced ventilation warm air. These costs will quickly pay off, especially if in the warm season you keep ducks not in a poultry house, but in an open-air aviary. Accordingly, ventilation will work exclusively in the cold season, when walking is not possible.

For the construction of the poultry house, the cheapest building materials are used. The main thing is that there are no gaps in the walls and in the ceiling. There are no strict requirements for the size of the house, however, in order to save money, experienced poultry farmers advise making the front wall of the house for ducks up to two meters high, and lowering the back wall to a height of one meter.

Unlike chickens, ducks do not need perches - they spend all their time on the floor, so high ceilings are irrelevant to them. By reducing the height of the house, on the one hand, you reduce the amount of building materials needed for its construction, and on the other hand, you save on heating the house during the cold season (and this is a very significant expense item).

The area of ​​the poultry house is determined by the number of heads. The norm is 18-20 square meters. meters three birds account for at least 1 sq. meter. Thus, one such house is suitable for keeping about fifty ducks. It is not necessary to increase the number of limited area- ducks do not tolerate crowding.

On the south side of the house, a hole is made at a height of 5 to 10 cm from the floor, 35 cm wide and up to 45 cm high. The hole leads to a paddock, whose area is about 30 square meters. meters (at the rate of two birds per 1 sq. meter), with a canopy of about 7 sq. m. meters. The paddock must be fenced off so that the bird does not disperse around the site.

Many novice poultry farmers equip artificial ponds for ducks. But even taking into account the fact that ducks are waterfowl and love to splash in the water, this is not worth doing. For so small area the reservoir will not be spacious enough. It will quickly turn into a sewer, and the birds will begin to fight for water, which will inevitably lead to stress.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Nests, drinkers and feeders are installed inside the poultry house. All of this equipment must be made of durable material, as it will need to be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Duck feeders are made in the form of a trough, which is convenient to use for dry feed, as well as for wet mash. It is recommended to fill the feeders with food no more than one third their depths, as with full feeders during meals most of feed crumbles and deteriorates, increasing its consumption sometimes at times.

The size of the feeder depends on the age of the bird. For ducklings up to two months old, experts advise preparing three sets of feeders at once from boards with a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 cm. A bar is fixed on top of the feeder. On the one hand, this bar prevents the bird from climbing into the feeder and scattering food. On the other hand, it is used as a handle for more convenient transportation of the feeder. Troughs for mineral feed are made with three compartments - for chalk, shells and gravel and are attached to the wall at a height of 20 cm from the floor.

Breeding ducklings under a mother duck

For ducklings under 15 days old, it is best to use an automatic drinker, which also consists of three parts: a plastic or glass bottle with a capacity of up to 4.5 liters, a rectangular tray and a removable gable cover. An automatic drinker is preferable to a regular drinker, as it keeps the ducklings from getting wet and keeps the water fresh and clean for a long time. Drinkers for adult ducks are usually made of wood. They are from one to one and a half meters long, 25 cm wide, and 15-20 cm deep. To prevent the tree from warping and letting water through, products from it must be tarred and painted. If your poultry house has running water, then you can use flow-through drinkers from a pipe sawn into two equal parts. It is also equipped with a drainage system in the sewer pit. And ideally, it is best to use not open containers as drinkers, including for adult birds, but a drip or nipple drinking system.

In addition, nests for masonry will need to be prepared. They are made from boards. The nest is 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep, and in height - 25-30 cm. The number of nests is determined by the number of your ducks. One nest of this size is intended for five females. For the convenience of the birds, a threshold about 7 cm high is made at the nest. In spring and summer, several nests are installed in the open air - in a place intended for walking birds.

The bottom of the nest must be covered with straw, sawdust or moss. Sawdust is dried before use. The total consumption of bedding material for the floor keeping of ducks is 6 kg per bird. If you plan to keep the birds indoors in the summer, and not on the run in the aviary, the expense will be higher. It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the litter, especially during the laying period, as ducks often lay eggs directly on the litter. Fresh sawdust or straw is recommended to be added in the evening, not forgetting to loosen them. In the summer months, dry coarse-grained sand, poured in a layer of up to 20 cm, can be used as bedding.

The poultry house and paddock for breeding birds are equipped in the same way. Only the density of landing differs. For breeding ducks, it is 1 square. meter per bird. Thus, the total area of ​​the second poultry house will be about 20-30 square meters. meters. From additional equipment you will need an incubator of the required volume. Experts advise choosing universal models. Keep in mind that duck eggs are larger than chicken eggs, so in an incubator designed for a hundred chicken eggs, fit no more than seventy ducks.

Ready-made ideas for your business

In addition, it is advisable to immediately purchase a machine for plucking feathers from carcasses and a freezer. This is quite expensive equipment. The minimum cost of a plucking machine is 12,000-15,000 rubles. But this investment will quickly pay off. The payback period can be calculated independently, taking into account the fact that the cost of manually plucking a duck is from 250 rubles per individual!

Features of breeding ducks

If you consider your (albeit small) farm not as a hobby or subsidiary farm, but, first of all, as the main source of income, you will need to constantly increase the number of ducks and strive to minimize the cost of production. On one small farm, up to 270 birds can be raised per year.

But in this case, you will need to regularly acquire 50-60 chicks. And this will require additional, sometimes very tangible costs. For example, one daily duckling of a Muscovy duck (Indo-duck) costs about 100 rubles. And the same amount will be required to grow it to a “commodity” state. Obviously, it is much more profitable to keep breeding birds and raise ducklings on your own than to regularly purchase them from poultry farms.

What breed of ducks to choose for breeding? Breeds of ducks are distinguished by the main productivity. Based on this criterion, meat, egg and general use types are distinguished. Meat ducks are heavy and comparatively more precocious than other species. At proper nutrition young animals at the age of two months can reach a mass of 2.5 kg. From one meat-type duck, 35-40 ducklings can be bred per year. The meat type includes the following breeds of ducks: Peking, white Moscow, Rouen, gray Ukrainian, black white-breasted. Egg-type ducks weigh less than meat and general use ducks.

But on the other hand, in terms of egg production, they can be compared with chickens. Ducks of the general use type are distinguished by good egg production (which is still somewhat lower than that of the "specialized" breeds) and excellent meat qualities. Although they gain weight more slowly than meat ducks. By two months, the mass of ducklings of the general type reaches 1.5 kg. The best representatives are left to grow for breeding, while others are taken for meat. The most common breeds of this species include the Orpington and the Khaki Campbell.

Muscovy and Pekin ducks are of great interest for keeping and breeding. Depending on the color of the plumage, several types of musky ducks are distinguished. These include blue whitewings, black whitewings, blue whitewings, blue, black, black and white, white, blue and white. Drake and Muscovy duck have a fairly similar coloration. The white variety is distinguished by snow-white plumage, red beak and black marigold, orange-yellow legs, and red growths. The mass of adult ducks reaches 3 kg, and drakes - twice as much.

Ready-made ideas for your business

They lay up to 120 eggs per year. The duration of the incubation period is on average 35 days. Meat Muscovy ducks tender and lean, reminiscent of the taste of meat of wild ducks. Due to the low egg production of musky ducks, they are used mainly for breeding hybrids (the so-called mullards). The hybrids bred by crossing musky drakes with ducks of Rouen, Orpinton and a number of other breeds, as well as with their crosses, are best fattened. Such mullards already gain about 5 kg of weight by two months with relatively little high costs ah poop.

Peking ducks are the most popular. These birds have large broad heads, beaks orange color, low legs, white plumage, long, slightly raised torso, wide, deep chest. The prevalence of Peking ducks is explained by the fact that the egg-laying cycle of ducks of this species has much in common with chicken. Ducks of other breeds lay up to 80 eggs per year. Moreover, laying is carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn, 35-40 eggs for each period. Peking ducks, on the other hand, carry about 170 eggs per year, due to which the laying period increases to nine months with proper care, good nutrition and the right light regime.

If you plan to breed 230-250 ducklings per year, you will need at least two families. The duck family includes one drake for 3-5 ducks. Thus, for a mini farm, you will need to purchase at least ten adults. Ducks are used within 6-8 days. In order to get meat throughout the year, new ducklings are purchased every two months. The number of "batch" of birds that you can grow depends on the region (more precisely, on the length of daylight hours).

So, for example, in middle lane In our country, it is quite realistic to grow up to four batches of ducklings per season. If you prefer not meat, but egg-bearing or general-use breeds, then take into account the fact that egg-laying in birds of the second year of use will be significantly higher than a week in younger ducks. When replacing the old livestock, it is recommended to purchase young animals bred in the spring. Moreover, new birds should not be older than six months. The birds are selected outward signs(exterior indicators), taking into account age and live weight, which must comply with breed standards. The plumage of ducks should be smooth and shiny. Birds must have a strong physique.

Choosing a legal form for a farm business

If the planned volumes of your production will exceed five tons of meat per year and you are going to sell your products through stores, retail chains, and also supply them to institutions Catering(and therefore you will have to certify the farm and the meat produced on it), then you will need to register as an individual entrepreneur or organize a private agricultural enterprise. In the latter case, you will qualify for certain tax benefits, but keep in mind that in practice many of them will not be so easy to achieve.

State registration of peasant farms(KFH) is carried out in the same manner that was established for state registration individuals as individual entrepreneurs. In this case, only the head of the farm is registered. To do this, he must submit the following documents to the registration authority:

application for registration (legal form);

an agreement on the creation of a peasant (farm) economy (if there is a need for it);

a copy of the main identity document of the head of the farm (passport);

document on payment of the state fee (original);

copies of documents confirming the relationship / property of members of the peasant economy.

Please note: an application for switching to a special taxation regime (STS or tax for agricultural producers) is submitted simultaneously with the submission of documents for registering a farm. Then the selected mode can be applied from the moment of registration of the KFH.

The farm is registered by the authorized body at the place of permanent registration (registration) of the head of the farm. Its terms are on average five working days from the date of submission of documents. As a result, you will receive a Certificate of state registration of the head of a peasant farm, a Certificate of registration in the territorial tax authority, an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs and an information letter from the State Statistics Committee with OKVED codes.

If at first you open a mini-farm and cannot produce two tons of meat per year, then in this case it is more expedient to create a personal subsidiary farm (LPS). The order of its organization is extremely simple. You will need to take a certificate from the local government (in our case, the administration of a rural settlement or a dacha partnership) that you own or lease a piece of land. In the case of private household plots, you do not need to pay taxes and deal with paperwork. But, strictly speaking, you also do not have the right to fully engage in entrepreneurship. In fact, private household plots can only sell the surplus of products produced by them for personal needs.

Poultry is sold, as a rule, through markets and directly to restaurants. The first option is suitable if you have the opportunity to stand in the market or have familiar sellers who will sell meat at the outlet. Selling meat through the markets is more profitable than small wholesale, since the difference in price per 1 kg in the first and second cases can sometimes differ significantly.

As for restaurants, the duck is of the greatest interest to them. Unlike other types of poultry, duck dishes are considered a delicacy and are in high demand. However, it is advisable to negotiate deliveries not with one catering establishment, but with several at once. It will be much more profitable, although more difficult. It will take a lot of time. And besides, most cafes and restaurants prefer to buy products from wholesale suppliers, and not directly from manufacturers.

In order to sell your poultry meat, you need to get a number of documents. First of all, before slaughter, you must arrange with the local veterinarian for a clinical examination of the animals and obtain a certificate of conduct. Then, after the slaughter, the veterinarian issues another certificate that the bird was healthy, and the slaughter was carried out taking into account all the requirements.

Then, at the regional veterinary station, you will need to obtain a veterinary certificate for the transportation of goods to the market, and make a veterinary and sanitary examination of the batch. After passing it, an oval brand is put on the carcasses (experts advise putting it on the paws, and not on the carcass itself, so as not to spoil the presentation). Then, already on the market, the state laboratory of veterinary examination issues a trade permit. In some cases, it may require a re-examination. Please note that this list required documents and the procedure for obtaining them may vary, depending on the region.

Costs and income of a duck farm

It's good if you already have your own farm with the necessary buildings or you rent it. If you have to build poultry houses from scratch, then the payback period will increase by at least 6-10 months.

To calculate the cost of feed for growing ducks, keep in mind that for an increase in one kilogram of body weight, a duck needs 3.5 kg of compound feed. Accordingly, for 230-250 ducks, at least two tons of feed will be required.

As a rule, ducks are grown up to two months of age, and then, when the weight of the young animals exceeds 2.5 kg, they are slaughtered. Keeping birds longer than this period becomes unprofitable. Thus, 10 kg of feed is required per bird. average cost compound feed is 10 rubles per kilogram. Additional costs for raising a duck are 20 rubles per individual (transport costs, lighting costs). Based on this, it is possible to determine the cost of one duck at 90-100 rubles. The cost of raising 230 ducks totals 23,000 rubles.

The average market value of duck meat is about 200 rubles per kilogram. Depending on the region and other factors, it may fluctuate up or down. Average weight one carcass of a young duck is 2.5 kg. You can sell it for 500 rubles, and the net profit from the sale of the batch will be 100 thousand rubles. The profitability of such a business is 65% or more. However, the joy is somewhat overshadowed by the fact that you can grow 230-250 birds during the year. And in this case, a profit of 100 thousand rubles does not seem big at all (less than 10 thousand rubles a month).

So, we can conclude that the business of breeding and raising ducks will become profitable only with an increase in the number of herds at least ten times. Start-up capital in this case will be from 350 thousand rubles. Additional profit will be brought by the sale of breeding birds and young animals to other farms. The payback period for such a business is from six months.

157 people are studying this business today.

For 30 days this business was interested in 67664 times.

Profitability calculator for this business

The fact that in the country, in addition to chickens, in the poultry house you can keep and breed waterfowl, I have repeatedly said. Now it's time to show how you can make good money on this.
Next, I will present you a clear duck breeding business plan based on a specific model called a production cell, by replicating which you can constantly increase the income from the sale of duck meat. Believe me, this is not a bad increase in pension.

The production cell is a kind of small mini-farm, the creation and maintenance of which does not require serious financial investments and high labor costs. In terms of area, it occupies only 100 m², it can be built on any suburban area no matter how small it may be.

Technical and material base

Our mini-farm will be conditionally divided into three components:

1. poultry house for growing ducks for meat;
2. poultry house with breeding birds;
3. necessary equipment (incubator, freezer, plucking machine, etc.).

Let's start with the poultry house for the young.

poultry house for ducklings

How to make a solid poultry house yourself, you can read in the corresponding article of the site. However, in the duck house, I would make some changes. First of all, it concerns the height of the rear and front walls. Ducks, unlike chickens, do not need much outside space, as they spend their entire lives on the floor. Therefore, we make the front wall of the house 1.8 m high, and the back wall is only 1 m. And this is not about saving building materials.
A room for ducks with a minimum volume will allow you to significantly save on electricity, i.e. heating. After all, our production of duck meat will be divided into 5 cycles of 2 months each. That is, the first and last cycle will fall at the end and beginning of winter, and this requires quite high costs for heating the room.

Ventilation and bedding

I recommend to make you not natural supply and exhaust ventilation, and artificial, with forced supply of warm air. But only in the cold season, because in summer, all ducks will grow outdoors in an aviary. Be sure to stock up on bedding from this calculation - 1 duck - 6 kg of bedding material.
Again, these data are based on duck flooring from start to slaughter (2 months). In the warm season, bedding is practically not required.

The poultry house area is 18-20 m² at the rate of 3 ducks per 1 m², which corresponds to one production cycle - 50 ducks in 2 months. With a similar planting area, it is possible to grow an appropriate number of birds without any walking, that is, in the cold season.

Walking is required near the poultry house

The paddock must be thoroughly fenced and have an area of ​​25-30 m² at the rate of 2 ducks per square, as well as a canopy with an area of ​​6-8 m².
On the run, do not try to create something like a pond for ducks. Of course, they love to swim, but in such a limited space, the paddock will turn into a real swamp. The feather of the bird will always be in the mud, and the ducks themselves will constantly experience stress due to fights for water.
The same applies to open drinkers. It is better to use a drip or nipple drinking system.

Poultry house for breeding ducks

Our duck breeding business plan involves growing up to 250 ducks on one mini-farm. birds per year. This means that we need 50 ducklings for each period. But where to get them: buy or withdraw yourself?
Undoubtedly, the purchase greatly facilitates the whole process, but at the same time it almost doubles the cost of production. For example, in our region, a daily Peking duck duck costs from 100 rubles, and exactly the same amount is needed in order to bring it to condition, that is, to grow it. Therefore, it is much more profitable to keep a small breeding herd and raise ducklings on your own.

But we will breed Peking ducks. Not because they grow fast, but because the egg-laying cycle of the Peking duck is very similar to chicken.
For example, a female Peking breed lays up to 80 eggs per year, but she lays them only in spring and autumn (40 eggs for each period). And this trend is observed in almost all waterfowl, except for the Peking duck.
Peking duck egg production is 160-180 eggs per year, which allows you to get an incubation egg for 8-10 months. remember, that main instrument, regulating the egg production of any bird, is the light regime.

You can get acquainted with the maintenance and cultivation of breeding ducks in the article " Breeding ducks in the country". As for the poultry house and walking for breeding birds, they do not differ at all from the premises for young animals.
The only difference is the planting density - 1 duck per 1 m². And yet, to get 250 ducklings, you need to keep two couples: 1 drake for 3-4 ducks, total: 8-10 pcs. adults.

Other equipment

Incubator

Any universal incubator will fit to hatch ducklings. All that is required of him is the appropriate volume. For example, an incubator for 100 chicken eggs holds 60-70 duck eggs. So choosing an incubator will not be difficult.

plucking machine

Slaughter of poultry, as well as manual processing of carcasses, is a very tedious process. A plucking machine greatly facilitates and speeds up this work, so you need to purchase it. Of course, do not forget about the freezer.

So let's recap

To create one production cell (mini-farm) we need:

1. Poultry house for rearing young animals, with a paddock and a canopy. The total area is 60 m².
2. Poultry house for breeding ducks, with paddock and canopy. The total area is 20-30 m².
3. Equipment: incubator(s), freezer, plucking machine.

Organizational and legal forms of doing business

Is it worth it to drive the business of raising ducks for meat into any legal form, for example, a peasant farm or an individual entrepreneur? My answer is unequivocal - no!
First, it's not required, and second, it doesn't make any sense.
The meaning of creating a peasant farm or individual entrepreneur is appropriate only when the production volume exceeds more than 5 tons of meat per year. In this case, certification of the farm is required, as well as the product for sale through large retail chains.

In our country, the volumes of meat are so small that it is enough to confine ourselves to such legal form running a business as a household plot.

Personal subsidiary farming (LPS) - the first step

Actually, there is no need to organize anything here. It is enough to come to the local self-government body (dacha partnership, administration of a rural settlement, etc.) and take a certificate of whether you have a piece of land that is owned or leased.
That's the whole organization LPH.

The advantages of private household plots are complete exemption from taxes, as well as other paperwork.
Cons - the lack of an organizational and legal form of doing business.

Theoretically, the disadvantages include state support for farms, which is issued to registered entrepreneurs engaged in agricultural production. But it is extremely difficult to get such support from the state in practice, since for most farms it is issued only in words.

Sales of products

I already wrote about how to competently and quickly sell poultry meat in the article “Quail Business”, so I will not dwell on acquaintances, relatives and neighbors.
So, we are left with the two most acceptable options: restaurants and the market.

Cafes, restaurants

Duck, unlike other types of poultry, is in the highest demand among consumers, and restaurants are no exception. Any decent restaurant has a dish " Peking duck” or other duck dishes. And here there should be no problems with the sale of carcasses through such establishments.

Market

As for the market as a point of sale of meat, this option is most preferable for those who have free time or your seller. As you know, the price for 1 kg of meat on the market is significantly higher than with wholesale trade.
However, in order to sell duck meat on the market, a number of permits must be collected. To make things easier for you, I full list necessary actions and documents:

Permits for the sale of poultry

1. You should notify the local veterinarian in advance about the impending backyard slaughter.
2. Before slaughter, a clinical examination of animals by a veterinarian is carried out.
3. After that, the veterinarian issues a certificate of pre-mortem inspection.
4. We carry out the slaughter and again we get a certificate from the veterinarian that the slaughter was carried out in accordance with all the rules, and the bird was healthy.

The next step in getting help:

1. We contact the district veterinary station to obtain documents:

• Veterinary certificate form No. 2 for the transportation of goods to the food market.
• In the same place, we conduct a veterinary and sanitary examination of the entire batch of meat, which, upon completion of the examination, is branded.

• Trade Permit.
• They may require a re-examination if the meat does not have an oval mark, the Veterinary Certificate is invalid, or there are signs of damage to the goods, etc.

All of the above recommendations regarding the collection of certificates are of a general, advisory nature. It’s just that in each region all these actions are regulated by local authorities, therefore, a month before the slaughter of a duck, I advise you to contact the relevant structures (sanitary and veterinary service) of your area in order to get full information about all the necessary activities and information.

Advice. When branding meat, ask the veterinarian to put a brand not on the carcass itself, but on the paws, which do not cut off beforehand. The fact is that a fat, ink brand, and of considerable size, will completely spoil the presentation of the duck.

Expenses, income and initial investment

Initial investment

As you understand, it is almost impossible to give exact figures for the initial investment in a business plan for breeding ducks, and I simply will not take them from the ceiling.
How much boards, nails, mesh, etc. cost for the construction of two poultry houses, you know perfectly well and count without me, so we will not consider this item of expenditure. I will only say one thing, if you build a mini-farm from scratch only from new building materials, then it will pay off no earlier than in 12-16 months.

Current expenses

In order to grow 250 ducks, we need to spend 2.5 tons of feed.
The calculation is simple: for an increase in one kg of body weight, a duck needs 3.5 kg of concentrated feed.
We will grow ducks up to 2 months of age (then it is extremely unprofitable), and during this time the young will reach a weight of about 2.7 kg, having consumed 10 kg of concentrates for each individual. That is, 10 kg of feed - 1 duck, multiply by 250 pcs. and get 2500 kg of feed.
Let's take the average price for 1 kg of compound feed - 8 rubles, the total expense will be - 20 thousand rubles, and also throw 20 rubles on each duck. electricity and transport costs.

Total:
the cost of 1 duck - 100 rubles. (80 rubles for food, 20 rubles for electricity and gasoline),
250 ducks = 25 thousand rubles

Income

Let's be realistic: no matter how high-quality the meat is, the buyer will primarily focus on the price.
Therefore, we will set it within 200 rubles. per kilogram.
As a result, we get:
the weight of one carcass is 2 kg, multiply by 200 rubles. - 400 rubles. one duck, multiply by 250 pcs. and get a total income of 100 thousand rubles.
We subtract expenses (25 thousand rubles), net income is 75 thousand rubles.

Agree, for a full-fledged business, it’s not too thick. However, do not forget that this is income from only one production unit, the profitability of which is at least 70%.
From what it follows:
put 10 such mini-farms and you will earn 750 thousand rubles, 20 mini-farms, 30 mini-farms and so on.
There are no restrictions in such a business idea: 1 acre of land - 1 mini-farm, and so on, at least to infinity.
In general, everything is in your hands.

* All calculations in rubles are given as of the date of writing the article.

Many poultry farmers who keep on their site for a long time and who are fascinated by the process of breeding and keeping these birds are seriously thinking about organizing a duck farm, which can become not only a source of food for the family, but also the main family income. - this is a great business idea that you will like and will be very captivating in the organization process.

This article will write a detailed business plan for a duck farm, the difficulties you will encounter, as well as the costs. We will also tell you what a duck farm should be like and how to organize it.

This business plan is most suitable for those people who have already been involved in keeping and breeding ducks, who already know many aspects and difficulties in this matter. The purpose of this publication is to prove that you can make great money in this business.

Below is a very clear business plan for a duck farm.

This business plan is based on a government model called "production cell", thanks to which you can make great money selling duck meat, as well as significantly increase your pension.

The production cell just acts as a small duck farm, the organization of which will not require much work from the novice farmer, as well as financial investments. Indeed, such a farm is very small. It can be erected both in the country and at home. personal plot, because its area is only 100 square meters. meters.

Premises and inventory

For our duck mini-farm, you will need various utility rooms, equipment and inventory. It is necessary to build the following buildings: a duck house for growing birds for meat, a duck house for breeding ducks, a room for growing small ducklings. You will also need a utility room for storing poultry meat and various equipment and inventory.

Equipment that is needed on the farm: an incubator, a plucking machine, cooling chamber for the storage of poultry meat.

Duckling on the farm

A duck house for a duck farm should be slightly different from a duck house, which would be better built for smaller-scale breeding and keeping of ducks, that is, for yourself (at home). This is due to the fact that when organizing more or less large-scale project farms for ducks, it is necessary to take into account the fact of saving energy. Therefore, for a duck farm, it is best to build duck houses of a slightly different design.

Ducks require quite a lot of space, however, compared to chickens, these birds do not fly, but spend their lives on the floor. Therefore, we make ducklings for the farm low, namely: the height of the front wall is 1.8 meters, and the height of the back is 1 meter. Thus, we kill two birds with one stone: firstly, we save on building materials, and secondly, in the future we will save on electricity and space heating. And heating the duck house is very important for obtaining maximum productivity.

Ventilation will need to be provided in the duck house.

AT winter time ducks will need bedding. Litter is stored in the summer. Suitable bedding: hay, straw, sawdust.

The area of ​​\u200b\u200beach duck should be 20-25 square meters. meters. These considerations are based on the calculation of the density of ducks - 2-3 birds per 1 sq. km. meter. That is, for one growing cycle (2 months) we will receive about 50-55 duck carcasses. This planting density is very successful, as it allows you to effectively grow ducks even in winter, without walking.

Corral (walking) for ducks

Without fail, next to the duckling, it is necessary to organize a corral. AT summer time the bird will actively walk there, and this will have a great effect on its growth and development. The corral should be made with an area of ​​​​20-30 square meters. meters. Be sure to adjust the canopy, somewhere in 1/6 of the pen area, this will protect the bird from direct sunlight.

Such a poultry house arrangement is well suited for both breeding ducks and ducks raised for meat.

Duck farm equipment

Incubator. For a duck farm, any home incubator that can hold at least 60 duck eggs is suitable.

Plucking machine. It will need to be purchased. This will greatly facilitate the work of plucking the pen by hand.

Duck farm: choice of breed

This business plan allows you to breed up to 250 ducks annually. You should not buy daily young birds every time, it is much more profitable to breed ducklings in an incubator. This will reduce the cost by almost half.

Naturally, the question is: what breed for a duck farm to choose? The answer is simple: the most suitable breed for farms is the Pekinese. This breed not only grows quickly, but also has excellent egg production. Thanks to this, we will always have a hatching egg available.

Let's summarize the written information:

To create a duck mini-farm you need:

• Duckhouse for young animals + paddock
• Duck house for breeding ducks + paddock
• Incubator
• plucking machine
• cooling chamber

Legal obligations

To organize a farm of this magnitude, you only need to be limited to a form of doing business, like a private household plot (Personal Partial Farm). In this case, you do not need to register your business anywhere. It is enough just to come to the governing body at your place of residence and take a certificate stating that you are the owner of the land.

Sales of products from a duck farm

It is quite easy to sell a high-quality and cheap product on such a scale. You can sell to relatives and neighbors. Cafes and restaurants should not be written off either. You can sell meat on the market. However, for sale on the market, as well as in cafes and restaurants, a number of documents will be required that will need to be clarified.

Duck farm expenses and income

Exact income and expenses are quite difficult to calculate. The exact initial investment is almost impossible to predict. This will depend on many factors. For example, if there is some initial construction material, then the construction will be cheaper. In the event that the building material is completely purchased, then the payback of the farm can take up to 12-16 months.

It will take about 2.5 tons of feed to grow 250 ducks for meat.

Preliminary running costs

In order to grow 250 ducks, we need to spend 2.5 tons of feed. The average price of compound feed in Russia is about 8 rubles per 1 kilogram - 2500 * 8 = 20,000 rubles. You should also remember about electricity and other services - add 20 rubles per 1 bird.
We get:
The cost of one bird is 100 rubles = 80 rubles. feed + 20 r. other needs. That is, 250 ducks = 25,000 rubles.

Income

The average price of 1 kilogram of duck meat is 200 rubles. The average weight of a duck carcass is 2 kilograms, that is, 2 * 200 \u003d 400 rubles for one duck. 400*250=100,000 rubles.

The net income will be 75,000 rubles from one duck mini-farm. However, several duck mini-farms can be organized on the site, there are no restrictions. After all, just one hundred square meters can fit 1 full-fledged farm. That is, on 10 acres, you can build 10 duck mini-farms and then the net income will be 750,000 rubles. The profitability of this case is 70%.

Let's take a closer look at the process of organizing a production cell, the essence of which is the breeding of ducks at home in order to generate income from the sale of duck meat. By replicating established production, revenues will increase exponentially. We will conditionally call a production cell a mini-farm, the creation of which will not require significant cash costs, and maintenance will not be too laborious. The total area of ​​the production project will take about 100 m², so the mini-farm can fit even in a small summer cottage.
Conventionally, a mini-farm can be divided into three parts:

1. Poultry keeping breeding material.
2. Poultry house for keeping ducks for meat.
3. Inventory (freezer, incubator, feather plucking machine, etc.).

Let's consider each of them separately.

Unlike chickens, ducks do not need large areas, as they lead a "mundane" lifestyle. Therefore, it is irrational to make the room spacious, it is enough to allocate 1.8 m for the height of the front wall, and even less for the back - 1 m. And here the goal is not to save on building materials.

Breeding ducks covers 5 cycles for a period of 2 months each, so the first and last will fall at the end and at the beginning of winter - the time when a lot of electricity will be spent on heating the room. And here the size of the room matters: a small house is easier and faster to heat.

Now let's talk in detail about ventilation and bedding. In our case, artificial ventilation with forced supply of warm air is best suited. We will need ventilation in cold weather: in summer the bird will be in the aviary. Floor breeding of ducks for a period from start to slaughter, which takes 2 months, will require litter at the rate of 1 duck - 6 kg of litter. In the warm season, there is practically no need for bedding.

Now let's talk about bird rights on square meters. The area of ​​​​the poultry house is calculated based on the fact that 1 m² should be allocated for 3 ducks. The math is this: for 18–20 m² in one the production cycle cultivating a Peking duck in 2 months in cold weather, you can get 50 adults.

In the neighborhood with the poultry house, it is necessary to organize a place for walking the birds. The paddock must be isolated with a fence, and its area should be 25–30 m² at the rate of 1 m² for 2 birds. In addition, it is necessary to build a canopy, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is 6–8 m². The desire to arrange a swimming pond for ducks on the paddock will not lead to anything worthwhile: in a closed area, the paddock will very soon turn into a swamp, the feathers of the birds will be in the mud, and the ducks themselves will experience stress in the struggle for water. A similar story with open drinkers. Ideally, in our case, drinkers with drip or nipple water supply systems are suitable.

Housing for breeding ducks

The business plan for duck breeding, which will be discussed here, provides for the cultivation of ducks in one production cell up to 250 heads per year. From this it follows that for each period we need 50 ducklings. The question arises: where to get them? Buying the younger generation is the easiest and most fast way get ducklings, but, unfortunately, not cheap: in this case, the cost of production almost doubles.

Note: You can download a ready-made business plan for poultry farming with our partners with a guarantee of quality!

There you are good example: a daily Beijing duck will cost 100 rubles, the same amount will have to be spent to grow a duck to the desired condition. From this, the conclusion suggests itself: it is economically beneficial to keep a breeding herd of ducks and raise ducklings on your own mini-farm.

We will take up the breeding of the Peking duck: their egg-laying period corresponds to the chicken. So, the egg-laying capacity of a female of the Peking breed per year is 160-180 eggs. Thanks to this, we will get an incubation egg for a period of 8-10 months. However, do not forget that the light regime is the main tool with which you can influence the egg production of ducks.

The poultry house and paddock for breeding birds practically do not differ from the premises for young animals. However, the stocking density per 1 duck here is 1 m². And to get 250 ducklings, you need to have 2 couples (8-10 adults). One married couple consists of 1 drake and 3-4 females.

Mini farm equipment

Incubator

To obtain offspring, special incubators are not needed. A standard incubator for 100 chicken eggs places 60–70 duck eggs. Therefore, it is not difficult to choose the appropriate incubator.

Feather plucking machine

Processing carcasses by hand is a rather tedious process. A feather plucking machine will noticeably speed it up. Therefore, it is worth considering purchasing it. See the video for how it works:

Freezer

It is unnecessary to talk about the need for a freezer.

To summarize:

For one production cell (mini-farm) you will need the following:

1. Poultry for growing ducks with a canopy and walking area with a total area of ​​60 m².
2. Poultry house for keeping breeding individuals with a paddock and a canopy with a total area of ​​20–30 m².
3. Inventory: freezer, incubators, feather plucking machine.

Registration of a business for growing ducks

Now about registering a business whose task will be to breed ducks for meat in order to make a profit.

At the initial stage, it is not worth registering duck breeding as a business as a legal object, for example, as a peasant farm (peasant) or individual entrepreneur, it is not worth it. There is no point or need in this. If the volume of production exceeds 5 tons, then the creation of a peasant farm or individual entrepreneur is necessary in this case. Certification of the farm and the goods sold through large food chains will be required.

But the scope of our production is still small, so it will be more than enough to register our business as a private household plot (private farm). There is nothing special in the procedure for registering a personal subsidiary plot. You need to request a certificate of land plot, the owner or tenant of which you are. That's all it takes to create a LPH.The advantages of private household plots are that this form of business is not taxed and does not require paperwork.

Sale of ducks for meat

The most acceptable places for the sale of poultry meat are restaurants and markets.

Cafes, restaurants

Duck is a bird that is in great consumer demand, including in catering places. Any self-respecting restaurant has duck meat dishes on its menu. Therefore, it is possible to supply poultry carcasses for catering organizations.

Market

The price on the market for 1 kg of meat significantly exceeds the wholesale cost. Moreover, for the sale of a duck, you will need a list of permits. Let's take a look at what these documents are.

Permits for the sale of poultry meat

1. First of all, you need to warn the local veterinarian about the planned backyard slaughter.
2. The veterinarian performs a clinical examination of the bird before slaughter.
3. After the examination, the doctor issues a certificate of pre-mortem inspection.
4. After the slaughter, another certificate from the veterinarian will be required stating that the slaughter was carried out in compliance with all standards and the bird was healthy.

The next step

1. It is necessary to contact the regional veterinary station to obtain the following documents:

• veterinary certificate No. 2 - a document-permission for the transportation of goods to the market;
• here, a veterinary and sanitary examination of the entire batch of meat is carried out, after passing the test, a brand is put.

2. We transport the meat to the market, where we receive a number of the following documents from the state laboratory VetSanExpertiza:

• trade permit;
• in the absence of an oval stamp, signs of damage, inconsistency with the Veterinary Certificate, etc., they may require a re-examination.

All of the above is a general recommendation. In each region, all actions are regulated by local authorities, and in order not to be left with nothing, contact the sanitary and veterinary service of the district a month before slaughtering the duck for information on all necessary activities and certificates.

Initial Costs

No one will undertake to give the exact figures that will be needed to implement a business plan for breeding ducks for meat. How much do nails, mesh, boards for the construction of two poultry houses cost, you can calculate yourself. If you build a mini-farm from scratch using new materials, then it will pay off in about 12-16 months.

Current costs of raising ducks at home

To grow 250 individuals, you will have to stock up on 2.5 tons of feed. We consider: 3.5 kg of concentrate is required for 1 kg of duck weight gain. The duck grows up to a two-month period: it is unprofitable to keep it further. In two months, young animals reach a weight of 2.7 kg, using 10 kg of concentrate per head. We multiply 250 ducks by 10 kg of feed - we get 2500 kg of feed. The average price of 1 kilogram of compound feed is 8 rubles, which means that the total expense will be 20,000 rubles, we add transport costs and 20 rubles for electricity for each duck. Total: the cost of 1 bird is 100 rubles (80 rubles for feed, 20 rubles for additional costs). We get that 25,000 rubles will be needed for 250 ducks.

Income

Let's talk about the most pleasant - income. Considering that the price for the buyer is main criterion, which he is guided by when purchasing goods, then we will estimate 1 kg of meat at 200 rubles. We get: 1 carcass weighs 2 kg, which means that its cost is 400 rubles, we multiply 250 heads by 400 rubles and we get a total income of 100,000 rubles. From this amount we subtract the cost of keeping poultry and get a net profit of 75,000 rubles. Not impressive? Keep in mind that this is the net profit per production cell, which has a 70% profit margin. The more mini-farms you organize, the higher your income will be.