When choosing health food products, look out for a great variety of wild-growing edible plants that can diversify your table. I will never forget how, as a child, I was left without any means of subsistence in alpine meadows with four other children. Caucasus mountains. This was during the military conflict between Turkey and Armenia in the years civil war. Saved us old man with an infinitely kind soul and the same empty pockets as ours. For five days, until our parents found us, we did not know grief, eating delicious roots, stems, leaves and flowers of alpine meadows.

Healing wild plant. From the second half of June, nettle leaves become hard and hardly edible, but in spring, while they are still woody, nettle should be introduced into the daily diet. Dishes from nettle leaves have a peculiar, not catchy taste. My family is looking forward to spring, to enjoy fresh nettle leaf salad, nettle juice and all kinds of dishes from it in combination with other plants. Nettles can be pruned almost to the root, so that by August you can get a second crop, which is usually used for winter harvesting. Nettle grows like a weed that can be found everywhere: in the shade of trees or on the sunny bank of a river, in distant ravines or near dwellings.

Young nettle salad with egg (for those who eat eggs)

200 g of nettle, one egg, a teaspoon of sunflower oil, 2 tablespoons of dried herb broth.

Put the washed nettle leaves on a cutting board in a pile, chop and warm slightly in a decoction of dried herbs. Heat treatment lasts no more than two minutes under the lid. The green mass seems to sink to the bottom, and the leaves become soft. Without removing the pan from the heat, drive the egg into it and stir throughout the mass. After a minute, remove from the stove. If you use salt, add a little bit of sea or rock salt. Serve hot.

Nettle leaf salad with radish tops, dill and chives

Cover the bottom of a cast-iron pouring pan, and preferably a cast-iron pot, cover with water with one tablespoon of vegetable oil, let the water boil and add coarsely chopped nettles with radish tops into the pan. Thermal treatment takes no more than 2-3 minutes, so you can not leave the fire, stirring the mass. The leaves should become a little softer, but not sit on the bottom. Remove the pot from the heat, finely chop the radish, mix everything, pour over the sauce to taste or leave the salad natural.

Omelette with greens

This dish can be afforded only in very rare cases, since the technology of its preparation includes frying in a pan.

100 g of young nettle leaves, 100-200 g of radish tops, 50 g of borage leaves, a bunch of garden greens and green onions, 2 eggs, 0.5 cups of vegetable or herbal broth.

Continuing the theme of healthy nutrition in spring, one could name a lot of wild and cultivated herbs and plants that can not only diversify our table, but also have a healing effect on the entire body. This and wild garlic,and parsley shoots. and arrows planted before winter garlic. kidneys and young leaflets birch, Birch juice, dozens and dozens of others. Here it is important to learn a simple principle: in spring, you can use any plants that do not have a harmful effect on our body as food in order to make up for the lack of vitamins, micro- and macro-elements that formed in the most difficult autumn-winter time for us as soon as possible. Today, so many different reference books on medicinal and food plants are published that you can easily find the literature you need.

Cultivated plant - what is it?

A cultivated plant is something that people grow on purpose in order to subsequently transform it into a food product, livestock feed, medical preparation, industrial raw materials and much more. In general, it brings many benefits to a person.

cultivation

There is currently great amount cultivated plants that people have obtained by domesticating and cultivating wild ones. You can list them for a very long time. Cultivation includes genetic engineering, hybridization, and selection. All of these methods are very common today. People have learned to breed improved and edible cultivated plants, which cannot be said about their wild-growing "relatives". They differ in many ways.

Features of cultivated and wild plants

Cultivated and wild plants are two completely different concepts. Do not confuse them. In most cases, wild-growing crop precursors are not suitable for eating and cooking. People risk eating them only in case of hunger, a complete lack of food. However, in fairness, it should be noted that some wild plants have healing properties and benefit the body, which is unusual for their cultural "descendants". This is very important to know.

The famous book of Vavilov

The publication "Centers of the Origin of Cultivated Plants", authored by Vavilov, tells in detail about the transformation of wild plants into cultivated ones. Isn't it interesting to see how this process went? In the same book you can see drawings depicting cultivated plants. For general development, it is recommended to reflect on how they are similar to wild ones or how they differ from them. Many cultivated plants were born in laboratories where scientists brought them out. And over time, their list is growing, new names are added to it, because selection and genetic engineering are rapidly developing.

Scientists provide the population with everything large quantity cultivated plants suitable for food. These include many hybrids of already existing species.

Centers of origin of cultivated plants

This is geographical areas, where one or another of their varieties are found in large numbers. Vavilov first described eight such regions. However, in later writings he spoke of seven zones. Everyone needs to know at least a little about them.

1. Tropical South Asian region. What countries are included here? Tropical India, South China, Indochina, insular part South-East Asia. This center is notable for its impressive abundance of cultivated plants (approximately 1/3 of all currently discovered species). Here you can find a huge amount of vegetables and fruits, as well as sugar cane.
2. East Asian region. What states does it include? East and Central China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea. Soy grows here, there are many vegetables and fruits, some varieties of millet. This area is also very prolific - 20% of cultivated plants are concentrated in this zone. Impressive, isn't it? What are cultivated plants? These, as we found out earlier, are those that people grow in pursuit of certain goals.
3. Southwest Asian region. What is this about? First of all, about Malaya and Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Northwest India. Some types of wheat, a large number of cereals, grapes, rye, legumes, fruits appeared here. This area is home to 14% of the cultivated flora known in the world.
4. Mediterranean region. These are states dispersed along the shores of the sea of ​​the same name. This area, where the most influential ancient civilizations were located, produces approximately 11% of the varieties of cultural flora. They include olives, many vegetables (eg cabbage) and a large number of forage plants (single-flowered lentils, clover). This is a very generous area that feeds us. A cultivated plant is the wealth of the earth.
5. Abyssinian region. This is a rather small area of ​​the African continent with very unusual cultivated plants. Most likely, this is an ancient center of original agriculture. It grows sorghum, chickpeas (an oilseed), one variety of banana, some interesting types of barley, and also wheat.
6. Central American region. This includes Southern Mexico. This region is rich in corn, cocoa, beans, long-staple cotton, some pumpkin. Approximately 90 varieties of cultivated flora grow here. That's enough. Do not forget that a cultivated plant is our food, which means that we must treat the flora with care.
7. South American (Andean) region. It is clear from the title that it refers to this center. It includes some areas of the Andean Mountains located along the South American west coast. A large number of tuberous plants appeared here (for example, potatoes), many medicinal plants(quinine tree, coca bush, etc.). The local flora is diverse. It is good that our land is so generous, because a cultivated plant is something without which we could not live.

Conclusion

Now you know what cultivated plants are, and you will never confuse them with wild ones. You also know some of their names. This information must be remembered, it will definitely come in handy throughout life.

Wild and cultivated plants of the world: diversity, human use



However, this is an unscientific classification of representatives of the flora.

Wild and cultivated plants propagated by seeds are very diverse and numerous.

Let's first look at the scientific classification of these representatives of the flora. So, wild and cultivated plants belonging to the flowering department are divided into two classes depending on the structure of the seeds: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. Monocotyledons include such families as cereals and lilies. Such plants in most cases are cultivated. Dicotyledons include families such as birch, willow, nightshade, cruciferous, legume, Compositae, Rosaceae. Among them there are also many crops that are grown by man.

In all the families listed above, genera and species are distinguished.

Depending on the life form, wild and cultivated plants can be divided into eight groups:

8. Trees. This is perennials with a stiff, pronounced trunk from 2 meters in height.
9. Semishrubs. These are perennial plants with woody lower parts of the stems and herbaceous upper ones. Their height is from 1 meter. This is not such a large group of plants. Only certain types of ephedra, astragalus and the like belong to it.
10. Shrubs. They have the same qualities as shrubs, but a lower height - no higher than 0.5 meters.
11. Semishrubs. Very similar to shrubs, but have approximately the same height as shrubs. Semi-shrubs include, for example, some types of wormwood.
12. Lianas. They need support to maintain their position. They are divided into curly and climbing.
13. Herbs. Plants with succulent green non-woody shoots. This life form has many cultivated plants and indoor flowers.



Wild and cultivated plants, examples of which can be seen in the pictures, can also be divided into groups depending on their lifespan. So, there are annual, biennial and perennial plants. Annuals and biennials mostly herbaceous plants, and perennials can be shrubs, shrubs, trees, etc.

Wild and cultivated plants: examples

Lesson of the surrounding world "Cultural and wild plants". 1st class

The form: work in groups.

Tasks:

14. to acquaint with the variety of cultivated plants;
15. development of students' speech, reasoning skills;
16. formation of communication skills;
17. cultivate love for nature and respect for the environment.
18. oak image
19. gooseberry image
20. hazel image
21. clover image

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment



- During his life, a person is surrounded by plants. What would happen if they suddenly disappeared? (children's answers)

2. Updating knowledge

Look at the cards on your tables. What is shown on them? Name them in one word. (Plants)

Divide these cards into three groups. Explain how you grouped them. (Work in groups).

Which group had all the cards correctly? Which group had one card wrong? etc.

- Well done, you did your job.

3. Statement of the problem. "Discovery" of new knowledge.

First, the teacher asks those couples whose division does not coincide with the division into wild and cultivated. At the end, he brings the children to the idea of ​​dividing plants into those that a person does not plant (wild) and those that a person grows on purpose (cultivated). The teacher introduces these concepts and their definitions. (Presentation . slide 3).

– Tell me, please, what is the topic of our lesson today. (Plants wild and cultivated).

- Give examples.

Fiz minute(game with signal cards)

- Let's play. If I name a cultivated plant, you show a green card, if a wild plant, a red one.

- In turn, cultivated plants are also divided into several groups, and now you will try to name them yourself!



- Name the plants shown (cucumbers, beets, cabbage). What do they all have in common? (Vegetables). This group is called vegetable . Give your examples.

These plants are called cotton and flax. Where did you come across such names? (in clothes). That's right, because fibers are produced from these plants, from which, in turn, threads are spun to make fabric. Such cultivated plants are called spinning .

1. Radish is a wild plant.

2. Wheat is a cereal plant.

3. Poplar is a cultivated plant.

4. Plantain is a wild plant.

- Raise your hand, those who have the pattern turned out. Who has one mistake? Two?

7. Summing up

Look how much we've learned today! ( Presentation . slide 11).

What groups are plants divided into? What groups are cultivated plants divided into?

The plant belongs to the Amaranth family of the Dicotyledonous class. Quinoa (its Latin name Atriplex) was mentioned by Pliny. The Russian name of the quinoa is associated with the presence of a white rash on the leaves, as well as with the word "swan" and the Latin word for "white" (albus).

Title in other languages:

• English - Oracle;
• fr. - Arroche hastee.

Appearance

Quinoa is an annual herb, shrub, semi-shrub, or perennial herb.

The leaves are arranged alternately and are represented by whole plates. The plant usually has silvery hairs that make it look like it has been floured.

Quinoa is a monoecious plant, therefore both male (differ in the presence of a five-membered perianth) and female (represented by a column with 2 stigmas and 2 fused or free bracts) flowers are located on the same plant.

Kinds

There are over 250 species of this plant.

The most common are the following types of quinoa.

Garden (edible)

Plant height is 60-150 centimeters. It has a straight, branched bare stem, matte leaves, the same color on both sides (beetroot red or green), with a serrated or even edge.

The tops of the leaves are elongated and pointed. The inflorescences of this species of quinoa are paniculate, spike-shaped.

This quinoa blooms almost all summer - until the second decade of August.

The plant is ornamental and vegetable. A variety of dishes are prepared with it.

It is also used in dyeing wool.

The garden quinoa has a beetroot color

sprawling

It is the most popular type in Russia.

The stem of this type of quinoa has a height of 30-100 centimeters. It is straight and bare, branches from the stem go up or horizontally. This plant has a tap root.

The leaves are green (the same on both sides). They have a short petiole, lanceolate shape and solid edges (the lower leaves may be serrated and have a different shape).

Flowers are represented by spike-shaped inflorescences.

This quinoa blooms in June and July.

She happens to be edible plant, which is consumed fresh, pickled and boiled. Also this species swans - fodder for cattle and horses.

Spreading quinoa is eaten in any form

small-flowered

It is a fodder, as well as a food plant up to 1 meter high. It has a branched stem with yellow-green stripes.

The leaves of this species of quinoa are both bare and with a touch of silver-gray. They react to the sun's rays.

Such a quinoa blooms in July, as well as in August.

Small-flowered quinoa in the middle of summer

beautiful fruit

It is an annual plant with a straight stem 30-100 centimeters high, thin leaves, paniculate inflorescences.

Blooms in July and August.

The plant is fodder for cattle and small livestock, as well as for horses. People eat this type of quinoa fresh, boiled or fermented.

Quinoa Krasivoplodnik has paniculate inflorescences

Early

The plant is characterized by a small height (up to 35 centimeters), the presence of a curved or curved stem, spike-shaped inflorescences, oblong leaves with solid edges.

This type of quinoa has no economic value.

Early quinoa has very tender leaves

coastal

The height of this species is 20-70 centimeters.

The plant is distinguished by a bare branched straight stem, alternate green leaves of a lanceolate shape with a solid edge and a sharp end, as well as flowers collected in spikes.

The flowering of this quinoa occurs in the second half of summer.

The plant is eaten as a substitute for spinach.

Coastal quinoa can be substituted for spinach in salads

Tatar

It is an annual plant, the height of which is 10-100 centimeters. Such a quinoa has serrated oblong leaves (often ovoid).

It starts blooming in June.

The plant is used for food and also as animal feed.

Tatar quinoa with serrated oblong leaves

Where does it grow

The plant is distributed throughout the planet and is found in the form of both wild and cultivated species. Quinoa is often a weed plant, so it can be found on the shore of a reservoir, in a ravine, in a wasteland and in similar places.

Most types of edible quinoa grow in North America and also in Australia.

spice making method

Harvesting grass quinoa is carried out when the plant begins to bloom. You can dry the grass in the air or in a dryer.

The dried plant can be stored whole or chopped. Can also be ground into powder.

In addition to drying, quinoa can be frozen, pickled, salted or fermented.

Peculiarities

• The plant is almost tasteless.
• Quinoa also has almost no smell.

Nutritional value and calories

The ratio of nutrients - protein 15%, carbohydrates 70%, fat 15%.

In 100 g of quinoa - 368 kcal, 14.12 g of protein, 64.16 g of carbohydrates and 6.07 g of fat.

Chemical composition

The green part of the plant contains:

• oxalic acid;
• protein;
• cellulose;
• essential oil;
• macronutrients;
• vitamins (PP, E, C, A and others);
• alkaloids;
• trace elements;
• saponins.

Quinoa seeds contain a lot of protein, starch, fat and sugar.

Beneficial features

• General strengthening of the body.
• Reducing the pain syndrome.
• Expectorant action.

Contraindications

• The plant is not recommended for cholelithiasis, as well as urolithiasis.
• Using quinoa for a long time, you can exacerbate diseases of the nervous and digestive systems.

The juice

Fresh quinoa juice has a mild stimulating effect on the intestines. It enhances peristalsis, but does not irritate the mucous membranes. Quinoa juice is recommended for constipation, drinking 1/4 cup of fresh juice on an empty stomach in the morning.

Quinoa juice helps bowel function

Application

In cooking

• Many types of quinoa are edible and eaten as a spice, but the main type used by people for food is garden quinoa.
• The plant is consumed at a young age - before it blooms.
• Vegetarians love quinoa cutlets.
• Scalded leaves can be used to make vegetable puree.
• Fresh quinoa is added to salads, botvinia, cold or hot vegetable soup, borscht, scrambled eggs.
• Quinoa is mixed into flour to make wheat or Rye bread more nutritious. In addition, such bread is better baked and long time does not deteriorate.
• Young leaves of the plant ferment like cabbage.
• Quinoa seeds are used in the preparation of various cereals.

Quinoa can be used in the preparation of a variety of dishes

Pies stuffed with quinoa and eggs are worth a try for everyone

Soup

Chop quinoa (200 grams of leaves) and sorrel (60 grams). Bring 600 ml of water to a boil, dip the greens in the water and cook until tender. When serving, add sour cream, chopped cucumber, dill or green onion to the soup.

cutlets

Take quinoa leaves (200 grams) and onion(50 grams), chop and mix with raw egg and 30 g of oatmeal (cereal or cereal). After adding salt and pepper, form cutlets and roll them in breadcrumbs, then fry.

Salad

Finely chop the quinoa grass, add chopped boiled eggs, boiled beets grated on a coarse grater, then season with a mixture of mayonnaise and mustard.

Dessert

Grind 20 grams of fresh quinoa, add any jam and a tablespoon of lemon juice.

Fritters

Rinse well 500 grams of quinoa, cut the grass and boil in water with salt, then drain and simmer in a pan (add a little vegetable oil and set a small fire) until the liquid evaporates. After mixing 0.5 cups of milk, a glass of flour, two eggs, a dessert spoon of vegetable oil and 40-50 g of hard cheese, knead the dough. Let it stand for one hour, then add the quinoa to the dough. Gain mass with a spoon and fry on both sides.

Salad

Chop quinoa leaves and cabbage, taken in a ratio of 1: 2, salt and season to taste. In such a salad, cabbage can be replaced with any other vegetables.

In medicine

The plant is used as folk remedy for different problems.

Quinoa is used:

• with liver diseases;
• in the treatment of lung diseases;
• with pathology of the urinary organs;
• with bruises (quinoa reduces swelling, pain and inflammation);
• with inflammation of the joints;
• to normalize the work of the heart and prevent myocardial infarction (due to the large amount of potassium);
• to normalize digestion (it is recommended to eat fresh herbs).

For inflammation in the mouth

Pour 20 g of dried quinoa with a glass of boiling water, then strain. Rinse the mouth with the prepared decoction 5-6 times a day until the condition improves. Since such a decoction strengthens the gums and is a prevention of the appearance bad smell, it can be periodically used by healthy people.

Dry cough treatment

If the patient has a dry cough and sputum is viscous, prepare quinoa tea by steeping a teaspoon of the herb with a glass of boiling water. After insisting and letting the drink cool, add honey to it and drink 3 times a day. The substances contained in the quinoa will thin the sputum, and the honey will help to remove it from the respiratory tract.

On the one hand, it is believed that since mankind has been eating quinoa leaves since ancient times with a shortage of food, treatment with it is all the more harmless. On the other hand, they ate quinoa for a reason, but only to save ordinary food. In addition, it is still impossible to eat one of it - because of the vomiting that it tends to provoke. Indeed, quinoa contraindications mainly relate to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And their very presence does not allow you to compare it with other vegetarian substitutes for animal products.

Nowadays, quinoa is often confused with an annual plant from the same family called quinoa or rice quinoa. For South American Indians, it replaced flour. And now rice quinoa is eaten all over the world instead of buckwheat and wheat, making from it, including bread. But for all the similarities external signs, quinoa with quinoa - distant relatives, very different in composition.

So, if the quinoa is a plant from our climate zone, then quinoa originally grew only in the Andes, and it is completely imported to the domestic market. They differ in taste, chemical composition and range basic properties. For example, bread made only from quinoa seeds is bitter and causes vomiting and diarrhea. And quinoa bread tastes quite good, and there are no consequences from eating it. True, quinoa also has a slightly bitter "buckwheat" flavor, but when cooked as a side dish, not bread.

What are the beneficial properties and contraindications of quinoa

From the point of view of science, the quinoa has practically no medicinal properties. The only exception is a strong laxative effect, since the plant is rich in saponins (a natural soap base). But scientists know that this grass has a pronounced ability to accumulate in the leaves everything that is contained in the soil. This property is even used in agriculture to clear land from the residues of fertilizers and insecticides that have settled there from previous crops. Therefore, neither the leaves nor the seeds of the quinoa are included in the list of medicinal plants and are not sold in pharmacies.

But traditional medicine does not share the skepticism of science, considering the plant a nutritious and healing agent. The most useful and least bitter is considered to be the garden quinoa, which differs from other species in the purple-red, similar to the coleus, color of the leaves. But in our open spaces, the most common sprawling quinoa is a classic representative of its family. The leaves of the plant are rich in the following components.

• vegetable proteins. However, just like all legumes, potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke. Vegetable protein is not the best substitute for an animal, since its composition is never complete (there is not a whole range of amino acids that a person needs). But vegetarians eat it instead of animal products. Embedded in the line of vegetarian meat substitutes on an equal footing with beans, the quinoa is hindered by a bitter taste, the ability to provoke acute intestinal disorders and lower protein saturation than that of beans / peas / soybeans. In general, it is precisely because of the high protein content that quinoa is considered a satisfying plant.
• Cellulose . All plants contain it in abundance. Fiber (plant fibers) has the ability to physically scrape the walls of the stomach and intestines, as it is not digested and therefore not absorbed by the body. Plus, it takes the place of food we could have eaten, creating a feeling of false satiety. These two properties make it a good remedy weight loss and stool normalization, because the fibers that come out unchanged help to structure the masses in the rectum and irritate it, increasing the urge to defecate. The presence of fiber is not the prerogative of one quinoa - a person eats it with bran bread, all vegetables and fruits.
• Saponins. It's about soapy natural basis, and quinoa is one of the plants from which our ancestors could cook a good cleaning and laundry detergent. Saponins have no useful properties, except for hygienic, of course. That is why their high content causes the main harm of the quinoa. The digestive system does not digest or assimilate them, and its attempts to quickly get rid of the foreign component lead to acute cramps, gases, diarrhea and vomiting after eating a large amount of leaves and seeds of the quinoa.
• Vitamins. The plant is rich in retinol and carotene (retinol precursor), rutin. It also contains nicotinic acid, some B vitamins and vitamin E (along with traces of vegetable and essential oils). There are incomparably more of them in quinoa seeds than in leaves, especially vitamin E.
• Food acids. In particular, ascorbic, oxalic, salicylic. They act as natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, mild antiseptics. In sorrel, berries, citrus fruits, other fruits and ready-made Aspirin, of course, there are much more of them. But in mild cases or when other means are not available, quinoa can also become their source. Food acids are one of the most valuable plant components.
• Betaine. This substance is able to partly replace the amino acid methionine, since as a result of its decay, so-called methyl groups are also formed. They are involved in the synthesis of several hormones, including choline (one of the components of bile and a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine), as well as adrenaline, a stimulant of neuronal, cardiac and muscle activity. In a word, betaine serves as the basis for the production of substances that improve the absorption of fats in the body. Therefore, it is useful for obesity, cellulite, liver diseases (especially fatty hepatosis) and some other problems of lipid metabolism. We can say that the benefits of quinoa as a medicine, if any, are created mainly at his expense.
• Starch . Starch, being a semi-sugar, is a source of simple carbohydrates and satiety for the body, although we, of course, are not used to counting mashed potatoes the same cakes, only unsweetened. Its main part is contained in the seeds of quinoa.
• Minerals and trace elements. It is impossible to guess their composition in each individual specimen of grass if you do not know the composition of the soil on which it grew. A high tendency to accumulate salts contained in the soil is one of the properties of quinoa, the most useful for farmers, but dangerous for everyone who uses the leaves of the plant for food or for treatment. The soil is rarely rich only in healthy elements. Much more often today it is radioactive, contaminated with heavy metals, traces of fertilizers and poisons from various pests. That is why in the leaves of the quinoa, depending on the place of its collection, one can find phenolic compounds and benzenes, urea and many elements of the periodic table.

Despite the skepticism of scientific medicine, some properties of the quinoa could still be called medicinal. This is hindered only by the presence in other medicinal plants of a similar action, but more pronounced. Moreover, their use does not carry the side effects inherent in the swan, such as irritation of the digestive system.

Application area

Previously, quinoa leaves and seeds were used in cooking only in extreme need, especially material. But now, with the return of interest in alternative medicine and its methods, they are already recommended to be added to dishes served on the table of quite wealthy people.

Indeed, a large part modern recipes dishes with quinoa is designed to mix in them not at all garden or sprawling quinoa, but quinoa seeds - its South American "relative". The existing confusion must be taken into account when choosing recipes for your table, since replacing one plant with another in them will certainly end badly for the stomach.

Indications

In addition to being an addition to the daily diet, the leaves and seeds of the plant are proposed to be used to treat various diseases at home. Healers and herbalists attribute the following indications for use to quinoa leaves and extracts from them, especially in their raw form.

Even possible in the case of the treatment of constipation and helminthiasis positive reviews doctors about the healing properties of quinoa are absent for two reasons.

1. Side effects on the stomach and intestines. That is, indomitable diarrhea and vomiting, provoked by natural saponins in the composition of quinoa leaves. They lead to dehydration of the body, disrupt the condition of the mucous membrane of both the stomach and intestines for a long time, and reduce appetite. Such potent remedies are good when you need to develop a physical aversion to food - say, with a craving for overeating (bulimia), if it psychological basis cannot be eliminated. However, in other cases, we are talking about a dubious step, fraught with the development of anorexia.
2. Possible toxicity. That is, the potential danger posed by the quinoa accumulated in the leaves is toxins from the soil. Therefore, taking quinoa leaves inside is definitely unsafe, although the degree of toxicity of its seeds can still be argued.

Due to severe stomach and intestinal cramps, as well as dehydration provoked by diarrhea and repeated vomiting, the use of quinoa during pregnancy does not seem reasonable. Although it is not directly prohibited during the gestation period, since it is not poisonous to the fetus. But it must be taken into account that healing properties swans for the body of the unborn child are also absent.

Listed side effects plants are worth those of antibiotics, to which there are so many claims from modern lovers of herbalism. Quinoa also seriously disrupts the functioning of the intestines, and even accumulates dangerous components from the outside.

At the same time, quinoa is unable to seriously affect the course of most of the diseases in which it is recommended, because antibiotics will cope much better than quinoa with tonsillitis, helminths and acne. And therefore, it makes sense to use this plant only under the threat of starvation.

Procurement of raw materials

If you still decide or were forced to try quinoa to expand your culinary experience or treatment, it is important to consider a few mandatory rules for collecting and storing it.

• View . The only cultivated and acceptable in terms of bitterness variety of quinoa in our open spaces is garden quinoa - with crimson-red leaves and branches. Quinoa is a bitter plant, but completely devoid of aroma. That is why dishes with it require the addition of a large amount of spices. The second option for relatively edible varieties of quinoa is imported quinoa.
• Gathering place . Quinoa leaves readily concentrate salt compounds from the surrounding soil and water, clearing the soil of them. That is why it is better to collect quinoa not in the countryside or in areas whose owners are fond of eco-farming.
• collection time. You can collect quinoa all summer, but it is better to do it in the spring, before it blooms. You should choose young quinoa leaves located closer to the top, as they have time to accumulate less toxins.
• Storage . As for how to prepare the quinoa for the winter, both the leaves and the seeds of the quinoa just need to be dried in the shade first, then laid out in canvas or paper bags, closed and placed in a cool, dry, dark place. Herbivores and insects rarely show interest in it (which is why it is not recommended for people without extreme need), so its shelf life is up to two years.

Recipes

In general, the use of quinoa seeds is more about cooking than treatment. In particular, flour from it is mixed with wheat flour in the manufacture of bread. The proportion must be observed no more than 1:3, as it significantly spoils the final product, making it tough and tasteless. Seeds are not added to other dishes, and even more so they are not boiled as a side dish, like quinoa, since the use of such “porridge” in food will end in indomitable vomiting.

For therapeutic purposes, quinoa leaves are usually used fresh or dry. The doctor will definitely advise their ingestion for only two purposes - to cause diarrhea (for example, with constipation, but with an eye to its causes) or vomiting (for example, with food poisoning) within the next hour. Otherwise, official medicine recommends using plant preparations only externally. Folk healers think otherwise. Here are the most common recipes for folk remedies from quinoa leaves.

water infusion

You will need:

• a tablespoon of dried quinoa leaves;
• a glass of boiling water;
• serviceable thermos with a glass inner flask.

Cooking

1. Finely crumble dry quinoa leaves, pour into a heated thermos.
2. Pour boiling water over, close the lid and leave until the infusion has cooled completely.
3. Strain the resulting product through a cheesecloth rolled up in three layers.

You need to take the resulting remedy during the same day, dividing it into three to four servings of approximately 75-100 ml each, and drinking one of them half an hour before meals. Keep the product for more than a day should not be. Traditional medicine believes that taking it will reduce appetite, normalize intestinal motility, and give a tonic and anti-inflammatory effect in any infectious pathologies.

Decoction

You will need:

• two tablespoons of dry quinoa leaves;
• a glass of hot water;
• enamelware.

Cooking

1. Coarsely chop dry raw materials, if desired, replace a teaspoon of leaves with quinoa seeds.
2. Fold up ready basis in enamelware, add hot water and bring to a boil over medium heat.
3. Turn the burner down to low, cover the pot with a lid and leave for twenty minutes.
4. Cool under the lid and strain several times through cheesecloth folded in three. Then bring hot drinking water to the initial volume.

Take the resulting extract should be one tablespoon before meals, three times a day. Healers claim that it relieves intestinal spasms, pain caused by osteochondrosis, arthritis and gout, and improves digestion. It is also claimed that rinsing with it reduces the symptoms of sore throats and gum disease, while douching and rubbing the skin treats candidiasis, festering wounds and acne, as well as fungal infections.

The juice

AT traditional medicine quinoa juice is also used, obtained by scrolling fresh leaves and stems through a meat grinder, followed by squeezing the resulting mass. It must be taken orally before meals, one tablespoon three times a day. And it acts as an antihelminthic and laxative.

External applications from the quinoa juice obtained in this way supposedly help to cope with age-related and traumatic pains, inflammations of the musculoskeletal system, as well as skin diseases. It is also used as a hair mask, rubbing into the scalp after washing once a day (preferably at night).

Doctors, however, will surely remind you in this regard that it is strictly forbidden to use drugs from the quinoa inside for gout, and that instead of relieving spasms, you will probably get an increase in them. And everything else they will advise you to try at your own peril and risk, because medicinal properties swans have simply not been tested for many pathologies, but there is nothing in its composition that would allow them to be present.

Many of us have heard the name of the herbquinoa, but not everyone knows what kind of plant it is. Quinoa can be one or perennial shrub, semi-shrub or grass. The number of species of quinoa is more than 100. The height of the plant varies from 20 cm to 1.8 m, the shoots are thick or thin, depending on the species. Leaf plates are solid, elongated, arranged alternately. Grass can be red, yellow, green. The trunk and leaves are covered with silver hairs. Quinoa is a monoecious plant, i.e. female and male flowers placed on the same plant. Black seeds are located in bracts.

Did you know? Quinoa has edible species. The most popular type of garden quinoa in cooking.

In most cases, quinoa is a weed. The habitat is wastelands, ravines, fields, vegetable gardens, coasts. The grass is not only wild, but also cultivated as a cultivated plant. Quinoa is distributed throughout the globe. Australia and the United States have the most plant species suitable for use in gastronomy. Dry quinoa grass is used in cooking as a seasoning or in gardening as a fertilizer saturated with nitrogen. Green leaves are used to make meatballs, soups, salads, pancakes.

Important! Young shoots and leaves contain protein, rutin, vitamins C and PP, and minerals.

Due to its saturation with beneficial substances, the quinoa has gained wide application in folk medicine.

Garden quinoa is an annual grass with an upright, faceted, branched trunk from 60 to 180 cm high. The leaves are different in shape, elongated, with whole or serrated edges, thin, sour taste. The color of the leaves is emerald or red-burgundy. The lower part of the leaf plate has a milky tint. Small flowers of green or red color form paniculate or spikelet inflorescences. Seeds are black or brown-olive. Flowering occurs in June - August. The garden quinoa comes from Central Europe. garden quinoa grown as a vegetable or ornamental plant. how weed grass it is spread all over the place. Leaves and stems of grass that has not yet blossomed contain many useful and nutritious substances.

The wild quinoa is a one-year-old, from 3 to 70 centimeters high. The trunk of the quinoa can be either erect or creeping, branched from the base. Shoots are horizontal or directed upwards. Long branches are covered with a film coating. The leaves are elongated or triangular, ovoid, with notches along the edges, covered with a ragged peeling film. The color of the leaves is gray-green, sometimes changing to red. Flowers form few-flowered balls, which are located in the leaf axils. Few-flowered balls form spike-paniculate inflorescences. What a wild quinoa looks like can be seen in the photo below.

Did you know? The salt absorbed by the plant from the soil accumulates in the leaf plates, so the grass can be used to clean the soil from excess salts.

The Tatar quinoa is a one-year-old, growing from 10 cm to one meter. The trunk of grass can be either upright or recumbent. The leaves are elongated, oval, narrow, with notches along the edges. The tips of the leaves are sharp, the leaf plate is covered with villi. What the Tatar quinoa looks like can be seen in the photo below. Flowering - June - October. Flowers form spikelets, the lower part of which is bordered by foliage. Seeds are round, brown, shiny. The plant is a weed, but it is used as food and fodder. Natural habitat - steppe, vineyards, vegetable gardens.

Headed quinoa is an annual grass with a height of 20 to 60 cm. The stem of the plant is creeping, by the end of summer it changes its color from green to red. The leaves are triangular or oval, with or without notches along the edges. Flowering period - July - August. Small green flowers form small-flowered balls. The female flowers have no perianth.

Spear-shaped quinoa refers to annual plants. The grass reaches a height of 20-100 cm. The trunk is bare, branched. The leaves are horizontally spaced, monophonic from above and below, green or silvery-mealy color. The leaves are attached to the stem opposite each other. The shape of the leaf can be triangular-lanceolate, lanceolate with notches or lobes pointing upwards. The flowers are collected in small balls, which, in turn, form discontinuous spike-paniculate inflorescences. Seeds are vertical, ripen in September. Flowering period - June - August. Spear-shaped quinoa is used in cooking fresh, boiled, pickled, pickled.

Important! The seeds of some species of quinoa, eaten, can cause hallucinations.

Quinoa elongated is a plant that reaches a height of 20-110 cm. The leaves of the plant are green in color, narrow triangular-oblong, elliptical or oval in shape. Green flowers form small ball-shaped inflorescences. Flowering period - June - July.

The coastal quinoa grows up to 70 cm. The trunk is bare, erect, branched with shoots directed upwards. Leaves of green color, oval or linear-oval, narrowed towards the base. The tips of the leaves are sharp, the edges are even, rarely with notches. The flowers form elongated spikelets, which, in turn, form paniculate inflorescences. Flowering period - July - August. Seeds brown, bare, flattened. Coastal quinoa is eaten as a substitute for spinach. Where the coastal quinoa grows is easy to guess from the name. Habitat - sea sandy shores.

The sprawling quinoa has the following description. The height of the grass is 30-150 cm. The trunk is upright, faceted, branched. Quinoa is an annual plant. root system rod. The lower row of leaves is unevenly rhombic or spear-shaped. The leaves, arranged alternately on the stems, are attached with the help of petioles, with even or serrated sides, elongated, green in color. Leaves of branches are oval, narrowed, looking up. Green flowers form spikelets. Flowering period - June - July. Seeds are small, flattened, black. Spreading quinoa is not only a fodder, but also a food plant.

Spreading quinoa is a plant that many gardeners consider a useless weed. They're trying to clear their area of ​​it. Surely they will be surprised to learn that this inconspicuous herb has many useful properties and is even used in cooking.

Spreading quinoa: description

This is a herbaceous annual plant belonging to the amaranth family (genus - quinoa). In height, it can be from 15 to 80 cm. The leaves are alternate, middle and lower, have a diamond-lanceolate shape and jagged edges. The upper leaves are whole-cut, sessile, without ears.

The flowers of the quinoa are small, inconspicuous, collected in small balls. These are the top inflorescences. They have five petals, which sometimes grow together. Sometimes the perianth is absent, and it is replaced by a triangular bract. Dioecious, but monoecious, with five stamens flowers has a sprawling quinoa. branched. The root penetrates deep into the subarable layer.

The fruit is dry, single-seeded, may be enclosed in bracts. Spreading quinoa blooms from June to mid-September. The fruits appear in August.

Spreading

The sprawling quinoa is widely represented in Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and is found in China. On the territory of our country, it grows in almost all territories, except Far North. Spreading quinoa has also taken root in North America. She prefers cultivated areas, farm areas, vegetable gardens and orchards. You can often find this plant along roadsides.

Chemical composition

The sprawling quinoa is especially rich in useful substances during the flowering period. In the aerial parts of the plant found:

• betaine;
• saponins;
• carotene;
• vitamin C;
• routine;
• essential oil;
• cellulose;
• proteins (up to 30%);
• mineral salts.

Spreading quinoa: useful properties and description of medicinal compositions

The sprawling quinoa, whose medicinal properties have been known since ancient times, is successfully used in folk medicine. Lotions and poultices are prepared from it for healing ulcers, wounds, skin inflammations. Quinoa helps to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract, relieve debilitating dry cough, headache, cure jaundice and forget about stomach colic. Quinoa infusion is used for thrush and prolonged, heavy menstruation.

Quinoa juice (for worms)

To get fresh juice, you will need young, not hardened stems and leaves of quinoa. Pass them through a meat grinder or chop with a blender. The resulting mass must be squeezed through cheesecloth, folded in several layers. The resulting juice is recommended to be taken half an hour before meals, one tablespoon (tablespoon) three times a day.

Decoction for gout

This composition is prepared quickly and easily. You will need sprawling quinoa - two tablespoons (dry and crushed leaves). Fill them with 0.1 liters of boiling water. Put the composition on a slow fire for fifteen minutes. Now the broth must be filtered and the resulting amount of liquid brought with boiling water to the initial volume. This decoction should be taken before meals in a tablespoon three times a day.

Decoction for thrush

Thirty grams of finely chopped (fresh) grass, pour 250 ml of water, put the container on a slow fire for about twenty minutes. Squeeze the raw material, and add 500 ml of boiling water to the resulting broth. Cool and use for douching (twice a day).

Decoction with stomatitis

Grind three teaspoons of dry herb to a powder. Pour it with 300 ml of boiling water and set aside for an hour in a tightly closed saucepan so that the broth is infused. Then the composition can be filtered, and the grass can be squeezed out. Decoction should rinse the mouth in the morning and evening.

Tea

Spreading quinoa is a unique plant. Its leaves can be used to make a tea to help with coughs. It will get rid of thick, difficult to separate sputum.

Use in cooking

Quinoa leaf salad is a delicious and very healthy dish. It is recommended for people who are under stress, with diseases of the lungs and bronchi.

From fully ripened quinoa seeds, a delicious, nutritious porridge is cooked, which tastes like semolina. In addition, flour is prepared from seeds, after getting rid of impurities, grind. Such flour is an excellent additive for baking bread.

Spreading quinoa is an excellent seasoning for the second fish or meat dishes. The leaves of the plant are well dried and then crushed.

Procurement of raw materials

In folk medicine, almost the entire plant is used: leaves, flowers, unhardened stems and seeds. It is possible to prepare medicines based on quinoa both from a fresh plant and from raw materials harvested in the summer. This must be done during the flowering period. Dry it like most medicinal herbs, under a canopy, in the air. You can use a well-ventilated room for this purpose. Seeds are harvested as they mature.

The green part of the plant, when dried, beneficial features during the year, and the seeds - three years.

Contraindications

All medicinal plants have certain contraindications. Quinoa in this sense is no exception.

1. Medicines based on quinoa are not recommended for people suffering from gallstone and urolithiasis.
2. Salicylates, which are part of the quinoa, can provoke bleeding in people with low blood clotting.
3. Prolonged, uncontrolled intake of drugs based on this plant can exacerbate chronic diseases of the intestines and stomach.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, despite the presence of many useful properties, sprawling quinoa is not used in traditional medicine. It has quite serious contraindications, so do not start treatment without consulting your doctor, especially if you have chronic diseases.