Fachwerk houses: design and construction. Fachwerk-style frame house and construction technology Walls of a half-timbered house

Framework Methods construction of buildings have been known for a long time. The construction of buildings using the half-timbered method was most widespread in Northern Europe during the Middle Ages. The presence of a sufficient amount of natural building material - pine wood made it possible to quickly build reliable and warm buildings. In distant Japan, buildings built using half-timbered technology are also known. The buildings date back to more than 1000 years ago.

Fachwerk technology features

Fachwerk construction is used by modern lovers country life great popularity. is an elegant and harmonious composition combining wood, glass and stone. The appearance of such a building is always original and recognizable. The house is characterized by high performance, durable, quickly erected. These facts are fundamental for many customers when choosing materials and construction methods. country house or private cottage.

Building a house using the half-timbered method begins in the same way as any other house with laying the foundation. The basis of the future building is a poured reinforced monoblock foundation. Depth and other dimensions are calculated by designers, taking into account the quality of soils, the design features of the building.

For erection half-timbered house need beams of pine trees. Creation load-bearing frame carried out strictly in accordance with the design documentation, which calculates the bearing capacity of the building and possible slopes. The walls with this technology are not load-bearing, but only divide the space into rooms. The material from which the walls are made can be light and inexpensive.

The special conditions that are assigned to the foundation during the construction using fachwerk technology are not as stringent as when using other technologies. Due to the fact that the frame of the building is quite light and stable, it is allowed to use a shallow foundation. The half-timbered house has light and rigid walls, which are interconnected with spikes, metal brackets and plates. The lower part of the frame of the house is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts, reliable waterproofing, and the lower part of the building is covered with polystyrene foam to insulate and prevent dampness. As a result, the building is distinguished by lightness and elegance of construction.

Fachwerk construction technology allows the use of various materials to fill the cells of a half-timbered structure. The internal walls are filled with special thermal insulation and vapor barrier boards using a thin layer of aluminum. This is done to prevent moisture from entering the room. All walls are puttied, sanded and decorated according to any known method at the customer's choice. For the development of the interior, it is possible to use any known style applicable in residential construction.

The erection of the frame of a half-timbered building

Construction begins with, in which the quantity is calculated in detail consumable, technological stages of work, foundation construction. The pouring of the foundation precedes the start of construction of any house. installed on a reinforced concrete foundation, the depth of which is calculated in each case. This fact is influenced by the peculiarity of the soil and the depth of occurrence. groundwater. How long the foundation is laid depends on how long the house itself will stand.

It gives the customer the opportunity to receive an original and unique house in its design. The technology allows using space planning axial structures, architectural projects half-timbered houses in each case can be as unusual as the customer wishes.

For the construction of the frame structure of the house, a beam is used pine tree. Often this is a specially made timber, prepared and protected from moisture and decay by various impregnations that protect the tree from atmospheric influences. For the construction of the frame, glued or sanded is suitable wooden beam, which is subsequently covered with a special varnish. Wood is a sufficiently malleable material to be affected by weather fluctuations, and to maintain a residential atmosphere in a building, it is necessary to use special thermal insulation materials.

The frame of a half-timbered house is a rigid and lightweight construction from bars, stable and reliable. Frame-frame construction will allow solving several engineering problems at the same time:

• cut construction time,
• create a stable and durable structure.
• ensure the reliability and durability of the building under construction.
• minimize the use of wood in the construction process.
• construct a building at the most economical cost.

The frame of the building, including walls, roof, terraces, are connected securely in invisible places using wooden spikes and metal brackets. This ensures the safety and stability of the building. Many years of construction experience half-timbered houses in the conditions of the north allows you to create structures that are resistant to hurricane winds, low temperatures, high humidity.

Fachwerk house decoration

When the frame frame of the half-timbered house is ready, they begin to fill in the cells of the structure. Facing the frame is possible with a variety of materials, which makes it possible to give an interesting and original appearance to the building. The inner cells are filled with special materials, which are sewn up with antiseptic plywood boards from above. The use of heat-insulating and waterproof fillers will make your stay comfortable and cozy. The soundproofing provided in the technology will increase the comfort of the house.

Exterior finish walls of the house is performed after the installation of windows and doors. The possibilities for decorating sections of the outer walls are very diverse. The installation of wooden panels is suitable here, stone is often used for exterior decoration. In conjunction with large quantity double-glazed windows, such a house looks solid and beautiful. Fachwerk technology provides a large number of windows, which makes the building light, airy and elegant. Windows can be both opening for ventilation, and deaf, showcase. This will fill the interior with light, keep warm. The hermetic silicone seal is complemented by platbands with soft felt insulation.

Laying engineering networks and communications is most often done inside the floor. It is hot and cold water supply for kitchen and bathroom, outdoor and indoor electric cable for lighting and household needs. For heating, water heated floors are more suitable. Internal water and sewer pipes made of polypropylene are durable, lightweight and economical. Electrical wiring to sockets and switches is laid inside the walls.

Roof for half-timbered house

The roof decorates any house, the use of various options for the construction of fachwerk technology makes it possible to create various architectural options. The most commonly installed gable roof structure having no roof attic space. Wide overhangs protect the house from direct sunlight and atmospheric precipitation. Terraces that border on the level of the roof overhang create a natural extension of the interiors of the house.

ceilings interior spaces it is advisable to mount houses using wooden structures or plasterboard boards. A variety of decorative materials for interior decoration will create a unique look of the house.

Modernity at home

Houses built using half-timbered technology are distinguished by originality, originality of the interior and appearance. Such a house can be built with a fairly small financial investment. The accessibility of the building allows many city dwellers to realize the dream of living in their own country cottage. Simplicity and convenience of a design will provide comfort of residing. The manufacturability of modern cottage settlements provides all the necessary amenities for its residents, despite the remoteness of living from big cities.

Increasingly popular among customers are houses built using beam technology, using wooden building materials, such as glued beams. Large windows on the entire wall allow not only to admire the landscape, but also to become part of a beautiful natural landscape. Half-timbered houses perfectly cope with various atmospheric loads, such as strong winds, rains and snowfalls. Frame technology allows you to create elegant buildings with high strength. The rigid frame of the building from racks, beams and braces bears the main load transmitted to the foundation. Walls are enclosing and dividing structures. , built using fachwerk technology, have been standing in Europe for more than three hundred years. For those who were not familiar with such structures, a visit to a house built using half-timbered technology makes an indelible impression with its beauty and solidity. The possibilities that this technology opens up for design are very large and varied. The wooden frame of the house is treated with weather-resistant varnishes, complemented modern materials retains an indescribable feeling of unity with nature. The house that has everything modern advantages for comfortable life, can give boundless joy to the family living in it.

Half-timbered construction projects

Fachwerk technology came to us from Europe. Nordic countries in the construction of buildings, in order to save wood building materials, crushed stone, stone, and other building materials were used to fill the openings of the building frame. At the same time, the houses came out very durable, had a long service life, which is hundreds of years old. Skilled carpenters were able to use an ax to create such masterpieces of medieval architecture that stood for 300 to 500 years.

Modern projects for the construction of half-timbered buildings only remotely resemble buildings built in past centuries. Today, builders offer a variety of bricks, polished wood. The cost of construction depends on the material of construction, and the area of ​​the house that you want to build. Designers will present a finished project, equipped with communications and engineering networks and facilities. The use of half-timbered construction technology is possible in the construction of both residential buildings, cottages and summer cottages, and for the construction of public buildings - hotels, mini-hotels, non-standard office buildings. Construction by this method has a number of serious advantages, such as durability and reliability of the building. The structure is relatively light in weight. To create a foundation, there is no need to drive piles, creating a particularly strong foundation.

Fachwerk facade decoration

The cost-effectiveness of construction distinguishes the construction of fachwerk technology from other methods. Facade decoration does not require the use of expensive materials. If the customer wants to finish the facade with an imitation in the half-timbered style, then it is quite acceptable to use polyurethane substitutes instead of expensive wooden beams. Externally, the building looks great, has an aesthetic appeal. Durability and resistance to external weathering will allow you to serve for many years without worrying about deterioration in performance and appearance. Fachwerk elements are attached to the outer columns using mounting ladders. Filling voids with thermal insulation with subsequent use finishing materials will allow you to create an imitation of style without violating the uniqueness of the building.

Today, half-timbered construction and decoration is a fashionable trend among those customers who want to build a durable, strong and beautiful home at an economical cost. The construction time for such a house is shorter than when building a cottage made of bricks or other traditional building materials. rebirth vintage technology emphasizes the practicality and reliability of this method. The use of heat-insulating materials makes it possible to save energy for heating the cottage. You can order a project according to the available design documents for a house of various sizes. For particularly demanding customers, architects are ready to finalize projects in accordance with individual requirements. Having started building a house in the spring, by the fall you can get it ready, warm house for the whole family. The building is environmentally friendly, an attractive aesthetic appearance will always delight both the residents of the house and the guests who come to visit.

How to build a half-timbered house

For those who, having studied all the ways of building a cottage for themselves, settled on the half-timbered method, it is worth contacting professionals to order work for the design and execution of work. Choice land plot for a half-timbered house is very diverse, there are practically no restrictions. It is necessary to choose a place for the future home with your own preferences. The architectural possibilities when choosing a cottage style are very wide, the project can be done in an unassuming peasant style and a rich, whimsical option for those customers who want to have a large house for a family consisting of several generations. The house is suitable for year-round living, as during the development of project documentation, a supply of all engineering communications necessary for a modern comfortable life is being developed.

Thermal conductivity and the absence of moisture and dampness inside a half-timbered house is achieved through the use of natural building materials and modern heat-insulating and water-absorbing materials that are used in the construction of a cottage. The area of ​​the house, as well as the number of floors, is selected depending on the wishes of the customer, taking into account the number of permanent residents in the house and the purpose of the building. Build a cottage on suburban area can be interesting, available in finished form standard projects. In order to verify the reliability of the building, it is possible to go to the site, inspect the finished building in which people live. The reliability and stability of the building is ensured by the frame-axial structure. The axles create space between the uprights, thus allowing for design choices.

Stages of building a half-timbered house

When starting the construction of a half-timbered house, it is worth remembering the main features of this construction method. Fachwerk exterior decoration is different from any other and is the main architectural feature, emphasizing the external expressiveness of the building. The frame elements dissect the white walls, the building looks smart and simple at the same time. The whole complex of works on the construction of the facility can be divided into the following stages:

• Development of design documentation and construction estimates.
• Construction of the foundation for the future building.
• Construction of the frame of the house.
• Installation of OSB boards and filling of frame openings with heat-insulating materials.
• Wall painting - putty, sanding, painting.
• Installation of ceilings, floors, engineering networks.
• design work indoors.
• Exterior work on finishing the facade of the building.
• Breakdown of the local area in accordance with the design project.

All these works are carried out strictly in accordance with project documentation where each section is listed. Engineering and geodetic parameters are calculated for the correct and reliable laying of the foundation. The building, which was erected by a professional team of workers under the guidance of competent engineers and designers, can stand for hundreds of years. The fachwerk construction method is designed for long-term operation of the house. At proper care behind wooden structures, home support, regular repair work the cottage will serve more than one generation of the family, giving joy and pleasure. Given the speed of construction and the cost-effectiveness of the method, we can confidently say that such a building is most suitable for climatic characteristics and operating conditions on the territory of Russia.

The word "half-timbered" comes from the German words "Fach" - panel, section and "Werk" - construction. Fachwerk is frame technology construction of houses, assuming in the composition of the structures a rigid massive wooden frame and various materials as filling its openings. The history of the appearance of these houses dates back to Medieval Germany. Subsequently, fachwerk became popular throughout Europe. Half-timbered buildings that are over 500 years old are still preserved.

House projects

Modern fachwerk

The ideal material for the frame of a half-timbered house is glued wood. The production technology of this material gives it special properties that favorably distinguish it from solid wood - high strength, durability, lack of warping and cracking, aesthetics. Structural laminated timber up to 12 meters long allows you to design houses with complex architecture and design.

In glued wood, when changing temperature and humidity, the stability of the structure is maintained, unlike solid wood. The fire resistance of glued wood, not treated with fire retardant impregnations, is 2-4 times higher than that of metal.

The special connection of the frame elements makes it stable even during earthquakes medium strength. Upon completion of construction, the half-timbered house does not shrink and is ready for finishing work.

Accuracy, quality, experience

TAMAK has more than 10 years of experience in the design and production of half-timbered houses from glued wooden structures. Details of houses are made on high-precision woodworking centers Hundegger K2 (Germany).
Lumber undergoes triple control: upon receipt at the warehouse, after drying and before gluing, when unacceptable defects are removed.

Drying of raw materials in special chambers to the required moisture level of 10 ± 2% relieves wood from fungus and insects and prevents their appearance during operation.
TAMAK's own laboratory tests control samples for compliance with Russian and European standards.

Every year since 2000, the production technology, as well as TAMAK wooden glued structures, are certified by the authoritative German Otto-Graf-Institut, which allows the company to build houses based on glued wood not only in Russia, but also in Europe.

Wood

For the manufacture of wooden elements half-timbered house on TAMAK uses environmentally friendly wood of the Ural spruce and Siberian larch. Trees growing in northern regions, are distinguished by a special density and fine-layered rings. Because of the harsh climatic conditions the tree grows more slowly than in the southern regions, and the wood is cleaner, healthier, denser, stronger and more durable. Sometimes it is called "iron" wood.

Space for imagination

The wooden frame of a half-timbered house bears the entire load, so the filling of the openings between the racks can be made of a variety of materials - stone, brick, blocks, glued beams, panels with mineral wool insulation, modern double-glazed windows. A wide choice of materials gives freedom in choosing the finishing of the house and, accordingly, its final exterior.

The architecture of the German half-timbered house has its own unique style. Wooden frame, usually painted dark color, visually separates light walls into many fragments different shapes and makes the half-timbered house easily recognizable. The technology makes it possible to create glued beams of large cross-section and up to 12 m in length, which opens up wide opportunities for designing large-span premises and implementing the most daring design ideas. Fachwerk is great for the construction of not only individual houses, but also public buildings.

For special connoisseurs

Half-timbered houses carry the image of a house with history, respectable and colorful, and attract people who prefer houses in an unusual architectural style. The wooden frame, deliberately uncovered by the finish, creates a feeling of stability, security and majesty of the building, and the walls of the materials different types and colors satisfy different stylistic tastes and preferences of the owners.

Special attention architects have recently paid so-called "glass fachwerk". In this type of fachwerk, double-glazed windows are used as wall filling. Floor-to-ceiling glazing, excellent natural light, spaciousness and merging the space of the house with surrounding nature are attracting more and more fans. German half-timbered houses are the choice of those who do not just want to build their own house, but create a real family nest, a house for several generations.

The technology of building half-timbered houses came to us from the Middle Ages. Although the first buildings of this type appeared as early as the 12th century AD, they were most widespread in Germany in the 15th century, and then became popular throughout Northern Europe. Until now, many countries use this technology in the construction of buildings. It has stood the test of time for centuries. If you decide to build a half-timbered house with your own hands, then in this article we will describe many of the nuances that you need to know before making a final decision.

Peculiarities

The German word Fachwerk is translated as "frame, lattice structure", which already gives an idea of design feature of this building. The technology for building such a house is the construction of a frame of wooden beams, which is a supporting structure. Vertical and horizontal racks are combined with beams at different angles, which gives the structure rigidity and strength. Monolithic walls are not erected, as they are obtained by filling the space between the beams various materials. During the Middle Ages, adobe, clay were used for this, later - stone, brick.

The load-bearing beams of such buildings are not hidden, they face the facade and look like decorative element, which gives half-timbered houses their unique and recognizable individuality. Frame elements intentionally highlighted in color create a bizarre ornament on the facade of the building.

Modern reading

Reliability and durability are confirmed by the fact that buildings that are already about five hundred years old have been preserved. Interest in this style began to revive at the end of the last century, especially since modern technologies helped to reinterpret the classic examples of such buildings.

There are many benefits to using laminated veneer lumber instead of conventional wood for framing. Its strength superior to wood, greater water resistance, higher ignition temperature, resistance to mold and fungus allow you to get rid of the disadvantages inherent in wooden houses.

Modern technologies have made it possible to create, while respecting all the advantages of half-timbered construction, " glass House", when the planes between the frame elements are filled with especially strong double-glazed windows.

Technology Benefits

• Undoubtedly, the attractiveness of such houses in aesthetic terms - they are original, unlike the buildings we are used to.
• Such buildings do not require a strong foundation, which leads to a reduction in construction time and cost.
• The buildings have a very slight shrinkage, which is associated with the low weight of the frame. This allows you to start external and interior decoration immediately after installation is complete.
• Since the main vertical load is carried by the building frame, the layout of the interior is not constrained by the need to build load-bearing walls.
• The construction time is several times higher compared to buildings built using traditional methods.

The nuances of building a house

It may seem that building a half-timbered house can be easy and fast, but it is not. You can often hear advertisements that such construction is carried out by one person in a short time, but do not flatter yourself with this half-truth, since the rapid construction of such a house is possible only if a team of specialists has taken up the matter. Moreover, they assemble the frame from parts pre-prepared at the factory. In this case, indeed, your house can be built in just 2 weeks.

If you take on independent execution this work, it is important to be aware of the limits of your capabilities in order to bring the work you have begun to the end. To do the job correctly, you need not only to be able to handle the tool, you must have it. In addition, you will need to competently perform numerous calculations. Such qualities as accuracy and scrupulousness are needed, because then it will not be possible to redo it, and it will not be possible to cover the flaws with panels. The mood has not changed, and are you ready to build on your own? Then take a look at the to-do list.

Work sequence

• Depending on the climatic and landscape conditions of the area in which the house will be built, an appropriate project is being developed.
• As with any other building, a half-timbered house needs a foundation. Given the small mass of the house, let's stop at a shallow strip foundation 50 cm wide by performing calculations on our online calculator. You can also make a different type of foundation, as for an ordinary frame house.
• For the manufacture of load-bearing structures, we will use glued beams, the size of which should be specified in the project. Nowadays, acquiring such building material will not be a problem. You can also use a regular, only guaranteed dry timber, of the same dimensions.
• If there are no skills for such work, but you want to do everything yourself, then it is better to find or order a project in accordance with your needs, order blanks from an enterprise specializing in the manufacture of half-timbered houses, and then, using the drawings, proceed with the assembly.

• A layer of waterproofing is laid on the foundation, and the bars of the lower trim are laid on top of it.
• Metal anchors are used to fasten the beams to the foundation.

• When assembling the frame, it is important to ensure that the parts are fully inserted into the grooves. The joints of the frame parts, which will bear a large load, must be further strengthened, for which metal plates, corners or brackets can be used.
• In that part of the building where the walls will be deaf, care must be taken to ensure that the depth of the frames of the frame is sufficient for insulation made of cellulose fibers.

• Interior partitions are assembled from a smaller beam, about 50 × 50 mm. For their fastening to the floor, frame dowels are used.
• over vertical bars longitudinal runs are being installed, to which floor boards will need to be attached.
• If provided for by the project, then crossbars are installed above the interfloor piping.
• The frame of the house in the corners is reinforced with braces, which can be either closed or open.
• Now you can start making the roof.

We briefly described the stages of the frame assembly so that you can imagine what you have to do. Why is a list of work performed, and not step-by-step instruction? Because structurally, each house will have its own differences, and there are several assembly technologies. To learn more about the construction, we suggest watching the video.

Video: building a half-timbered house

As you can see, the process of assembling a house cannot be called simple, and it will not be possible to build such a structure alone.

Another distinctive feature is the extensive glazing, so the building differs in its appearance from its predecessors, built centuries ago. Often, speaking of buildings erected using half-timbered technology, people call them glass houses.

Video: more about glass houses

Glazing a house is a separate issue, but due to the design features, a special technology has been developed, which is described in the following story.

Video: half-timbered glazing

So, we can conclude that the construction of a modern glass house can only be performed by a team of specialists.

If it is a small village house with small windows, then the rigidity of the structure will be ensured by numerous struts, and the openings are closed with improvised materials - just like our great-grandfathers did.

Half-timbered houses have become one of the business cards medieval architecture. Features of this architectural style it becomes clear already from the word itself - the German Fachwerk, consisting of two semantic parts: Fach, which means part, panel, section, and Werk - construction. Medieval technology was so successful that half-timbered houses - frame house projects, which appeared in Germany in the 15th century, are again popular centuries later.

Construction of half-timbered houses: technologies tested for centuries

Created in Germany, half-timbered houses, the construction technology of which has practically not undergone significant changes, appeared as a result of an acute shortage of quality wood in medieval Europe. Therefore, a wooden frame was created from wood, and the space between the beams was initially filled with clay, which was replaced by more durable materials: stone and brick. Another undoubted advantage in the conditions of the Middle Ages, it was possible to quickly restore a destroyed or damaged half-timbered house with your own hands. For the constantly warring Europe of that time, this was very important.

The basis of a half-timbered house is a complex wooden frame, consisting of horizontal, vertical and diagonal elements, which are main feature fachwerk architectural style. Diagonal elements - braces located between the beams and racks, add rigidity and strength to the structure. To create the structure of the frame, wood was used - spruce, oak, fir, douglas, and the strength of the frame is achieved through accurate calculation of loads and precise connection of all parts.

The vertical arrangement of the beams has fully justified itself - today you can find houses built more than 500 years ago. The reason for such longevity is that rainwater flows down quickly along a well-polished vertical beam, practically without lingering and not being absorbed. And this is the fundamental difference between half-timbered houses and traditional log Russian huts, in which the logs were located horizontally and, as a result, absorbed moisture more, which led to a faster gradual destruction of the wood.

Half-timbered houses: the revival of popularity

Interest in half-timbered houses revived in the mid-70s of the last century, primarily due to the emergence of new, technologically perfect materials. Modern tendencies of design made it possible to give a new sound and content to the already classic methods of decoration and construction. And although modern half-timbered houses differ quite seriously from classical models, they are also popular among lovers of classical European rustic style.

If initially clay was used to fill the space between the beams, then wood panels, stone or brick, then with the advent of double-glazed window technology, it became possible to build half-timbered houses with full glazing. Full glass facade it looks very impressive and elegant, while maintaining the visual division of the wall - the main architectural feature of half-timbered buildings.

One of the features of half-timbered architecture is the decorative function of the frame. This is its main difference from conventional frame houses, in which, when finishing, the load-bearing beams are hidden. The special arrangement of the frame elements not only visually divides the facade into panels of various shapes, but also creates a bizarre pattern (they are also called “figures”): “man”, “St. Andrew's cross”, “wild man” and others.

Advice! To give the exterior of the house more decorative and attractive, corner posts decorate carving, and the heads of the beams protruding onto the facade are given curly shapes, for example, a horse's head, races, etc.

At the same time, modern technologies have made it possible to obtain a warm "glass House- installed special, low-emission double-glazed windows let in solar short-wave radiation, but at the same time it acts as an insurmountable barrier to thermal long-wave radiation. As a result, to calculate the heating power of such a house, the formula traditional for stone and concrete houses is often used - 1 W of power per 10 m 2. At the same time, glass only looks fragile on the outside - in fact, it is made using technology and can reach a thickness of up to 6 mm. In addition, even if suddenly, which is unlikely in normal conditions, such glass will break, the fragments will not scatter to the sides - they will remain hanging on an elastic polymer film.

As a result, using a half-timbered structure, it is possible to create large glazed areas, turning the entire facade into one large glass wall. Thus, it becomes possible to realize the effect of merging with nature and the surrounding space. The landscapes that surround the house seem to become part of the interior.

Another reason for the increased popularity of half-timbered houses was the use of glued timber instead of ordinary wood, which made it possible to build a very strong frame. At the same time, the frame elements (glued beams and metal fasteners that connect the frame elements) additionally act as a decorative part of the exterior and interior of the building. In addition, the robust frame allows for any building layout with spacious open spaces with external glass walls coexist with cozy and quiet secluded rooms inside the building. And since the concept of "bearing wall" is absent in principle, the entire load falls on the frame, in such a house it is easy to carry out redevelopment at any time.

The use of glued laminated timber to obtain a frame made it possible to get rid of a number of disadvantages characteristic of natural wood:

• increased fire safety - glued laminated timber ignites at higher temperatures than ordinary tree. In addition, it does not burn, but smolders, retaining its shape and bearing capacity to the last, thereby giving much more time than natural timber for evacuating people

• lack of shrinkage - over time, glued laminated timber practically does not change its linear dimensions, which allows you to start interior and exterior decoration immediately after the installation of the frame

• resistance to moisture, resistance to mold and fungus
• high strength - according to this indicator, glued laminated timber is 2 times superior to solid wood

Half-timbered houses are a variety. A building built using this technology is easily recognizable by its characteristic wall paneling. Most of all, such construction is common in Europe. In our country, this technology is not yet very popular.

However half-timbered construction wins more and more supporters, which is not surprising. Sophisticated design, the use of natural environmentally friendly pure material- far from all the reasons why the number of half-timbered houses is increasing every year.

Features of half-timbered houses

Fachwerk (German Fachwerk - frame construction, half-timbered construction) - type building structure, in which the supporting base is a spatial section of inclined (at different angles) beams.

These beams are visible from the outside of the house and give the building a distinctive look; the space between the beams is filled with adobe material, brick, sometimes also with wood. Fachwerk appeared in the 15th century in Germany and became very popular in Europe, especially in the northern part (from Britain to Poland). In the 20th century, this style is experiencing a new heyday due to the medieval flavor and the effect of the naturalness of building materials.

Fachwerk technology refers to low-rise construction, most often such houses have 1-2 floors and less often 3-4. It can combine several materials: wood, stone, glass. The basis of the building is a frame made of glued laminated timber. At the same time, the timber is connected at different angles, which gives the frame additional rigidity.

Video: Construction of a frame half-timbered house

Gaps are filled with a variety of materials. At first, the filling was done with adobe, but now they use brick, glass, OSB, etc.

The walls in half-timbered houses are not load-bearing, the load is taken by the frame, which is not hidden under the cladding, but rather stands out and is the main architectural element.

The building built using half-timbered technology is warm due to the use of insulation. An additional bonus is the possibility of unlimited redevelopment. Since the walls are load-bearing, they can be moved or removed without the risk of collapse.

The installation of such a house is quite complicated, but if you have experience working with wood, it is quite possible to cope on your own. Of course, professionals will cope with such a task faster and you can be sure of the quality and reliability of the design.

Construction of a half-timbered building

Half-timbered construction begins with a project. Therefore, it is better to entrust the construction of houses using this technology to specialists. Since the frame uses connections characteristic only for of this type construction, it will be difficult to make independent calculations.

In order to correctly arrange such connections as: man, half-man, angular man, wilderman or St. Andrew's cross, you need to know this style well and have knowledge of spatial geometry.

Foundation and frame assembly

When the project is already in hand, you can start pouring the foundation and preparing the material for the frame. It is better to perform these two actions at the same time - while the foundation is being poured at the site, frame parts are being made at the factory.

The house built using half-timbered technology is not heavy, so the foundation can be used shallow. After the base is ready, waterproofing is laid on it and strapping is done.

For strapping, a wooden beam is used, which is fastened with anchor bolts. Then the remaining elements are connected in strict accordance with the project.

wall material

After installing the frame, you can begin to fill the gaps, that is, mount the walls. For these purposes, any material that you like is suitable: brick, foam concrete or gas silicate blocks, stone, cement - particle boards, OSB, gypsum fiber, lining () and others.

The main thing is that they fit the following requirements:

• moisture resistance;
• good heat saving performance;
• strength;
• light weight;
• environmental friendliness.

When using materials with a large weight, the foundation must be appropriate. When making walls, it should be borne in mind that the frame half-timbered buildings must be open from the outside.

From the facade, you can finish with decorative plastic plates with imitation of bricks, but most often it is used.

Roof

Of all the types of roofs for half-timbered buildings, gable roofs are most often used. A distinctive feature of such a roof is the absence of an attic or attic, and large overhangs. Wide overhangs protect the walls from rain, and the room from excess sunlight.

The material for the roof can be: ondulin, metal tiles and other lightweight materials. Ceramic tiles are not suitable for half-timbered houses, due to their large weight.

Advantages of half-timbered buildings

A half-timbered house has a large number of advantages:

1. a massive foundation is not required - the structure is light, so it is enough to make a shallow tape;
2. the building does not shrink much - therefore there is no risk of distortion;
3. half-timbered technology allows you to hide any communications in the niches of the walls or floor;
4. aesthetics is the main advantage, the house looks like it came out of a picture of some kind of fairy tale.

It is for these reasons that today more people pay attention to half-timbered construction.

disadvantages

Of course, do not forget about the disadvantages:

• High price of the project and installation of the structure;
• The frame requires constant protection from weathering, mold and fire;
• In regions with a cold climate, additional thermal insulation will have to be done, which will increase the cost.

The technology for building half-timbered houses is considered the most difficult, so it is very difficult to build such a house on your own. Therefore, for the construction of half-timbered houses, it is better to invite specialists.

Watch the video: ASSEMBLING THE FAHWERK FRAME