Residence of Falsmitria 2. Who was the second Lhadmitry

Lhadmitriy II - " Tushinsky thief", The impostor, striving to occupy a Russian throne under the name of the deceased Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich in crisis conditions of the vague time.

On-standing name non-from-West. According to the old Arm-Men-Ti-Wo-Ver-Ver-Sei, Lhadmitriy II was the Created Ev-Re-EM, Pro-Iso-Ho-Dil from OK-RE-ST - But the stages of the city of Shklov (not a mo-gi-lev-skye region, Be-Lo-Rus-Sia). Train-chaged de-Tay Zuben-Ni-KR-Mo-Te's, one-na-ko-to-one to Na-va-La-Mo-Svan Oh-Ra-Bot and became a Bro-Goy. There was a pre-blunder of a hundred-Ron-Ni-Ki Lia-Dmitry I M. Meh-Ho-Cim and Sta-Row-Cher-Skim N. Ze-No-Vi At the end of 1606. At the end of 1606-1607, at the same time, they were at the Rosie-Mu-rum-camp of the Pred-Ku, give Falsenedmitriy II for the Glot-Shest Caxia Dmitry Riya Iva-No-Vi-Cha (False Dmitry I), OD-NA Lhadmitriy II, Opa-Saying for his life, Be--blinds from them The city of Pro-Point (now Slav-city, Mogilev region, Belarus), where he was captured by the order of Zenovich and sa-wives in prong. Due to the overama of the SI-Tua-Tua in the residence of the Speed-Toy and the Storm of the Sea and Special Peace on the One-Ke ( Ru-Shi-Lyam Gro-Zi-La Kon-Fis-Caution IMU-ST-VA) SHAY-TI-CHI WHERE THE SOUL DEES WITH ESSO With under-first-ke, no-sa-mono-s-trig. Nevertheless, the Me-Ho-Vi-Vi-Nich-HIV-Vi-Vi-NIV-Lhadmitriya II, you, to give CE-BA for the rod-vein-ni-ka Re-Vi-chai DMI-Tria Iva-No-Vi-Cha - So-Ni-Ka A.A. On-go (from ro-da na-gih). 23.5 (2.6) .1607 on the pre-sulinary Ze-No-Vi-Kha-Ko-Na-Na-Zin-Sky-Sky-Zin-Zin-Zin-Sky, PE-RE-G. Lhadmitria II Gra-Ni-Tsa Re-Chi in a spo-ten and Russian state Stro-Ron Ni-Kam I.M. In the Rutz-Co-Go and Pre-La La Sta-Ro-Dub-Ski Lie Lyu Dae, Si-on Bo-Yat-G. Verkhov-Ki-on, -To-ry 12 (22) .7.1607 OR-GA-Ni-Zo-Vali in the city of Sta-Ro-oak Opo-Key Sa-Mo-Zvan-Century Te-Peru is already like "Chu-Des-But Savior-neck "Caxah Dmitry Ria Iva-No-Vi-Cha. The important co-becoming part of this is a tri-st-wow of the Sta-Lo in the Sta-Ro-Oak of the Break-but-Neut-Khi-Li-Tovskiy yes (on the same day Sao-Sawa-Netz on-know-chill his "Get-Ma-Nom", in order to handle the form-Mi-RO-Wa His in-ys-ka). By the end of the Le-Ta 1607 in the Sta-Ro-du-Me-Ho-Easter-Ko-Mu and the C-Rutz-Co-Mu, SO-ROOH-Take about 3 thousand ro-ho-wow-wing Voi-new (OS-NO-VO-OK-La-Li-Ro-Oak-Ski Lie Lu-di and Ka-in-Ki- "Bo Lot-Ni-CSI" In-Rutz-ko; about 1 thousand on-ours and e-ho-e-co-ko and Polish shy-te-whites I. Bu di and P. Har-Lin go).

In September - October 1607, Lhadmitriy II was in-vehiced his war on the power (ve-ro-yat, co-vlas, but before-th-Ryon-but-st ... in Tu-le I.I. Bo-lot Ni-Ko-Woo and Ilyas Mu-Rum-Tsu. M. Meh-Ho-Easter-Ko-Mu Utlocked by-Hwa-Test in Chep, Bryansk, Ka-Ru-Chev, once-beat GRU-VI-V.F. Lit-Vi-Va-Mo-Sal-Ko-go co-drier-skaya and the left in the neighbor is under-stu-rt to Tu-le. Ka-pi-la-la-lot-ni-ko-va and il-ki Mu-rum-zva-la Bounce on-hole Solmen and Ras-Pad war-ska Moon-tsvan. Lhadmitryy II be-stood in Eagle. Ot - yes, he is plan-ni-ro-shaft from-pra-vit-Xia in Po-Tivl, one-na-co-co-co - Ko-Maja volost in OK Stro-ni-stumps of the Society was in October / November 1607 from Na-Da-Mi-Ni-Kov V. Va-Lev-Kostov and S. Tysh Ke-Vi-cha, which, at the Russian state, from the re-si-like, on the windows-Cha-Nii, Mi-Thai N. Zeb-Zhov-Dov -Ho. Under the giving Lädmmitry II SO-GROW-SIA-SIA-RUSI-LIVE AVAN-TYU-RU. In the case of non-good luck, in November, in November - December 1607, Sao-Saw-Netz from-si-drank in Orel. Here, Lhadmitrium II effluent is his war-efficiency of the Ka-Zatz-Da-Da-Wisa. The participation of the Motor of False Deadmithri II Others-Vi-Ryan-Ryan, DVI-Ryan, from Me-Niv, "Tsa-Ryu Dmit-Ria" (Libe Dmitr -Rei I), and hundred-of-law-to-deposit from the former Ho-Lo-Ryan-ry, and from the Sao-Quea Re-Wisi (Lia-Fö-Dor and others), lunch-un-shorty DVO-Ryan and Av-Ri-aunt Ka-Scorch-them Ata-Ma Novy (I.M. for - Cyus, etc.) - "Routed Knya Zey and Bo-Yar", Ko-Pi-Ruya Moskovskaya-stroy structures. Service lou-di southern uzov-Dov, participation of the second-wave-Dmitry I and the B-lot-ni-ko-va Research Institute 1606-1607, Breed-Nia-Lee Dei-St-Viya Falsmitriya II as their straightforward-dollars, launching under-de-RJ-ku New Sao Zvan-Tsu. Be-Lo-Rus-Sky, Li-Tovskaya, Paul-Sky and Ukrainian Shata-Ta-Tiv-Lo-Stu-Pi-La on a hundred-ro-non-Falgestrimiy II, since Ras-South Ri - Wa-Li-Lie-style in his cheaps like the WHO-Luz-Lu-Che-Naid-Niy.

Weight of 1608, Prince R. R. Zhin-Sky, at the Russian State of Re-Chi Pred-Li-Ty, in the champion of cereals -Nags for service Lhadmitria II, mix-style M. Me-Ho-Essa-Co-Go with "Get-Man-St-Va" and the Kau-Hall of Kaz-Thread "Ka-Zatz Re-Wisch. " With Kon-Fi-Skazy Mi in Mes-Tiy and Kaz-Nya-Mi-Ryan would be in Convertible. In 1608, from-dyed Sa-Mo-Zvan-Caucas on the ray of the Tsa-Rya-Si-Lia Iva-No-Vi-Cha Shui-Khu-go In Bol-Khov-SKOM, Ho-Mel-Skom, Rakh-Man-Tsev-Skom and Ros-Tov-Skom-Same-Ni-Yakh and Osa-Di-Lee Mo-SKV, Nov-God , Niyi New-go-Rod, Ka-Zan, SMO-Lensk, Kohl-Lozh, Io-Si-Fo-Lo-Ko-Lam-Sky and Troy-Troi-Ser-Gui Mo -Na-sty-ri. Prak-Ti-Che-Ski All Ev-Ropic part of the country-in-beds under the con-Tro-Lem Sa-Moon-Zvan-Ts. Non-gut-chi practical troops and their non-SPO-silence of in the middle of the PO-DE-DVO-Ryan, - and the Cre-Yang-Yang MiL from the Ra-Zo-Re-Point of Whether the Mas-Social Peest Travel of the DVO-Ryan, in Sad-Sky Lu-dei and Cres -st-Yang on a hundred-Ro-well Falsmitria II. MOST-NUMARY WORK SA-MO-ZVAN-CA TE-PERO SO-POST-LO FROM THE NEED POLES R. R. Zhin-Khu, Ya.P. Sa Pe-Guy, A. Zubov-Kostov-Go, V. Va-Lev-Khodi, M. Ve-Lev-Lov-go, etc., Don-Ski Ka-Zak -Ruz-Co., Li-Su-Ko-go and in-Rozhki Ka-Zas-Kov Griecca, in-Zi-Ev-Skov, Li-Sa, Ros-Thaz - Well.

His-her "St-Li-Tsei" Sao-Sawa-Netz was from Breed Tu-Shin-sky La Geri. Le Tom - Osse-New 1608 from Mo-SK-you to Lhadmitria II PE-DE-EHA-LE-DE-DE-RA-RA-SU-DA-REA-RA and Bo-Yellow Do We , in all. Pre-Sta-Vi-Te-Lee, and known fa-mi-liy (Prince D.T. Tru-Betz, Prince V.M. Mo Sal-sky -Bets, M.G. Sal-You, Knya Zya R.F. Tro-E-Ku-Marka, A.Yu. Sitz-Ki, etc.). In Tu-Shi - but in the on-cha-le September 1608, at all with from the ou-da-diet A. Zubi-Kostov-Go and Sa Pe-Guy-La-La "Caage - "M. Mni-Shek. 6 (16) Saint-Tyab-Ruma She "PRI-LA" in Lhadmitria II his own Muzhai, and 10 (20) of September Pub-personal - but Vie-ha-la in the mill to Lhadmitria II and a hundred He was living with him as a conmature, on the same time, they would have been a tie-but-vehicle-like). In the Ca and Stupie, a void in Tu-Shi - but was the Dav-Leng Ros-Tov-Sky Metropolitan Fi-La Reta, the school-re-WHO-chain patch -Ri-Ar-Hom. Pro-from-Di-di Pre-Sta-Vi-La-Mi Tu-Tier-Ski-La-Gray Non-Merny In-Boy Na-de-Ra-Zo-Ri-Lee-leu-leu-puz-chenosi. On-e-les, and over-mos-cubic uzv-Dov-Ga-Ni-Wa-Va-Lo, the Earth Moto-Nie Protiv Lhadmitria II, which Easy Sao-Saw-Netz in Pok-Tal-Smi, in order to donate Si-Loy. Movy-Lo Isk-Paul-Zo-Va and Boy-Rom Knyazh M.V. Ski-Pi-Shui-skim for Breed-Vosh-Da-Vi-Vi-Telichesky. In addition, on Os-no-Vasya, you-Borg-Kho-th-th-Ma-RA of 1609, he is at a glare on the tsar-whit-bout-bu swedish ex-per-dietary cord under ko-mandovania ya.p. De La Gar di. Russian-Swedish Queen of the T-Shin-Tsam, Tre-Ri, in the sub-Mo-at-Styr-Slear-Boy-D. Tro-Iz - What is Ma-Kar-E-Va-Za-zi-on the monastery, at the village of Ka-Rin-Khost near the Alec-San-Dn-Skoy-Bo-df (co-nep True).

In December 1609, the Si-Lians-Svan-Cava Kon-Tro-Li-Ro-Vashe Southern Counts of the Russian State from Nov-Go-da-se-ve-go to the Astra Nor, as well as Pskov-soup-well. One-to-ko-na-uda-chi, the re-chosen-va-th in-territor of the Na-Cha-Lay XVII century to the Russian state (once-ver-novel Sia in September 1609) at the end to Ras-Po-du Tu-Shin-La La-gay. 12.27.1609 (6.1.1610) in the Sterhie for his life, Lhadmitriy II Be-Pant in Ka-Lu-Gu, Bro-Siv on a pro-out -weary judge, would be the same, and the courtyard. Most of "Hydrachkiy" bo-yar and the best part of the ni-ni-cork (including M.G. Sal-You, Prince V. M. Mo-Sal-sky Ru-Betz, etc.) from-pra-vi-st-t-vom to Si-Giz-Moon-Du III, Pi-San-Li before-th thief about the brains of Ko-Ro-les-Vi-Di-Wa-Du-Du-Du-Du-Du-Glav IV) to the Russian Pre-Table and Stud Pi-Lee on the co-ro-lev-why service Non-ry-ry "battle-re" and "two-ou-not" Tu-tire-ski-goa-na-naqi-tested with a wines to Tsa-Ryu Va-si Shui-night. In February 1610, "in-line-ski" battle-re, service lou-di and ka-in-ki in the world with Prince D.T. Tru-Betz Kim, and in the on-cha-le, 1610 year - part of the Nam-Ni-Cove under the pre-di-tel-vom Ya.P. Sa-Pe-Guy with a Sa-Moon-Tsu-Tsu in Ka-Lu-Gu, which-paradise for the year of the Sta-Lhastmitria II. Li-ticked in-style-Tu-you, Loom-Shie-Xia here, from-Li-ti from the OR-Ga-New Tu-Shin-go-go-gama: in ka -Le-ge of Falgestmitriya II would not be Pat-Ri-Ar hay and Os-Vyazn-Nov-Ko-Bo-RA, in the bo-old doo and go-su-da- Re-veta-re key-wing role ig-rai is not a hundred-rone-ni-ka-ma-no, and pre-sta-vi-whether ro-dov, youth-nav -En-smiling in op-rich-ni-well. On the Hedgehog of Filadmitria II in the champion of the Sa-Per-Goy-Lo Ig-Raint in Ka-Lu-Lo-Mo-Mo-Mouth and not con-Tro-Li-Ro-Va Lo ad-Mi-Ni-St-rayation Sa-Moon-Zvan-Ts.

In the next time, the arms of the troops of Tsa-Rya Va-Si-Lia Shui-Ski-go in the Klou-Shin-Skomo-Nii of 1610 and on-stu-p-les - SPO-TUY at the Mo-SK-WU in-zing False Dtmmitria II again OK-RE-P-L. At the same time, to the Le-Ta of 1610, under the co-NT-RO Lhadmitria II OS-TOL-KO "POL-SO" (i.e., Ras-Lo-Women on terr The T-Rii of the former Di-Ko-go), part of the UK-RA-in-nic, shock and ni-zo-out-ro-dov, as well as Astra Han. Opi-Ra-Rasp Mainly on the ravous Lyu dei sub-con-Troll to him terr-Ri-Riy, as well as Ka-Oh-Code, Lhadmitry II SFOR- Mi-RO-Vo-Na-Nicho, Wast-Lena-Na-Ni-Ca-Sa-Peki, Ver-Nuv-Go-Xia on Southell to Lhadmitria II The next-time-tat-tat-noy in Ez-D-ki in La Heer Si-Giz-Moon-yes III under SMO-Lensk. In June-non-Ja-le, 1610, Lhadmitry II SO-Ver-sewed is a new way to Mo-SK-Wu. One-on-co-co-ki-ki Stro-Ron-Ni-Cove Falseedmitria II - "Bo-Yar" Prince D.T. Tru-Betz-Co., Prince G.P. Sha-Hov-Khov, Prince S.G. ZV-NI-Rod-Khodi, M.M. BU-TUR-LI-OR, etc. OB-MA-MENT or SI-Loy Na-Vystimitriya II Mo-SK-Vi-Cham Oka-Us-Vosh-ours. On Co-Stro-Jav-Shem-Xia in the Mo-Sk-Ve-SE-Da-Nii of Bo-Youth Du-SO-SO-Li-Wiy -To-ryo-time-exchange-ni-ki Ras-Smart Ri-Wa-Lee as Zem Schi-Bor) on the Tsar-Art was from Bran Ko-Ro-Le HIV Vla-di -Clav, and by the opposite of False-Dov Falsmitria II would be the on-right-les of the Polish-Le-Tovskoye Howl. In the Kon-Tse, Av-Gu-Stow - on-cha-le Saint-Tyab-Ra-1610 Sao-Saw-Nesz Be-Plot from the Ni-Co-Lo-Uv-Ski-Roma Monastery in Lu-Gu, bro-sivo his war-sk. NSBO-REK N-MU in Ka-Lu-GU, with a separate combat-re, ka-in-ki and about 1 thousand on-ours in the chapter with V. Va-Lev- skim. Init-ki "Bo-Yar" Feltmitry II Terr-Rhr re-or-ha-ni-zo-rep and uve-li-vocational schools at ve-lee to co-pro-le On-ce-les, under-mos-cubic uz-dov, as well as se-ver, and UK-RA-In-thieves doves, still not-giving "The main main Basque Lhadmitria II." He was in rubles-flashed on the oho-those prince P.A. Uru-So-Vym (from Rh-Da-Da-So-Out), which is a Pub-personal OS-Ko-RB-Lie.

In the first time of the Summary of Lhadmitria II M. Mni-Shek Ro-Di-Li-on, who was on-re-chen-iva-nm-dmit-ri-vi - a row-house of STRO-RON-NI-Cove Falseedmitriya II on-trail-n-com Russian Pre-Stas; In Na-Ro-de, he was in Lu-Chil Pro-Zvi-Ryu-Nok.

In the summer of 1607, a new impostor appeared on the Western borders of Russia. It was a wandering teacher, externally similar to False Dmitry I. Polish gentry together with Molchanov persuaded him to call themselves Dmitry.

Polish king encouraged the gentry. The main thing shock power The troops of Falsmitria II became Polish mercenaries. In except Polish detachments, Zaporizhzhya and Don Cossacks and former Bollenniks were walking.

On May 1, 1607, Lhadmitriya II defeated the Tsarist Force under the city of Volkhov, and soon the impostor found himself near Moscow - in the village of Tushina. He entered Russian history under the name of Tushinsky thief.

At the impostor, their governments were created - Boyarskaya Duma, orders; The Patriarch was the Rostov Metropolitan Filaret (Romanov).

So in Russia two kings appeared, two governments, two capitals. Smoot reached his peak.

In search of material benefits, awards and privileges of the boyars and nobles often overwhelmed from Moscow in Tushino and back. They were called for these flights.

All the new Polish-Lithuanian detachments approached Turkey. Tushinsky Stan turned into an ingenic troops camp. Proponents of Falseedmitriy II to strengthen his authority brought Mnishki marina to the tushino. Under the pressure of the Poles and for the huge money, a 19-year-old adventurer acknowledged in Lhadmitria II of his killed husband and secretly married him.

However, nothing could support the popularity of Falsmitria II. Unlike its predecessor, he turned out to be inflated man. Polish detachments captured Russian cities and villages, robust people. Especially hacked Lisovsky's gentry. In one of his letters, the victims wrote an impostor: "We, the poor, robbed and chasing the peasants, died and ruined from your warrior military people. Horses, cows and every animal are picking, and we ourselves are tormented. "

In the fall, Polish detachments attacked the Orthodox shrine - the Trinity-Sergiev Monastery. The monks and those who were hiding behind the walls of the monastery and the peasants for more than a year were defensed. Olga's nun (daughter of Boris Godunova Ksenia) distinguished himself in the battles. Polish Advisors of Falgestimitriya II insisted on the Juni Catholicism and Orthodoxy, on the transfer of the Russian capital from Moscow to another city.

Every day, people understood more clearly that the "good king" army turned into a bunch of invaders.

The Russians began to leave the impostor, expelled his representatives, refused to carry taxes in Tushino. The cities of the North and the Volga region were exchanged by diplomas in which we swear to stand up for orthodox faith and Polish and Lithuanian people do not surrender.

The civil war has grown into national liberation.

Foreign intervention in Russian confusion

To save his power and maintaining state, Vasily Shuisky concluded an agreement on assistance between Russia and Sweden, which was in a state of war with Poland. Negotiations with the Swedes in Novgorod headed the nephew of the king - the young talented commander M. V. with a copy of Shuisky. M. V. Skopin-Shuisky promised the Swedes of the city of Korelu with the district Shuisky and the refusal of the rights to the Livonia. The Swedes pledged to give a 5 thousandth building (in reality a lot more troops came to Russia), not to break Russian lands, respecting the Orthodox churches.

At first, the contract was observed. In the spring of 1609, the Allied Army, moving from Novgorod, began a successful attack on Tushinsev. They were knocked out of many cities, and Soon Skopin-Shuisky freed the Trinity Sergiev Monastery from the siege. Swedes without having received from Shui money, began to ruin and rob Russian territory. The horseship of the ingenians in Russian land caused patriotic sentiment.

The Polish king ruined the world with Russia and began open hostilities. In the fall, Polish troops were besieged Smolensk. The city led by the Voivod Siein defended desperately.

Not needing more in Lhadmitriy II, the Poles began to frankly neglect them; From the north, the United Russian-Swedish Rail was coming. Under these conditions, Tushinsky thief fled to Kaluga, where Marina Mnishek followed him.

Peak Smouse

Now three power center - Moscow, Tushino and Kaluga appeared in Russia. Lhadmitry II was under the control of Polish prize-seekers, the former associates of the first impostor and the Cossacks. The leaders of Russian Tushinsev, including Filaret (novels), decided to oppose Vasily with the Shui other figure and invite the Son of the Sala of the Polish king to the Russian throne.

The invitation of the prince from another country was commonplace for European countries. Tushinsev's proposal was to continue the boyars on the restriction of the autocratic power of the monarch. His father Sigismund II, who wanted to conquer Russia, who won Russia, who wanted to conquer Russia, so Tushinsev, in the draft agreement, limited Vladislav's power near the conditions. With this, the embassy from Tushina to the king near Smolensk.

Overthrow shui

The army of Skopina-Shuisky entered Moscow. The popularity of the young commander grew, they talked about him as a future Russian king. But he unexpectedly Zalenogo and a few days later died. There were rumors that Skopin-Shuisky was poisoned. Solva attributed to the king Vasily's death of a folk favorite. In addition, it became clear that the Moscow government was drawn into the Russian disorder of the Swedes and turned out to be in a state of war with Poland. Everything was risen against Shuisky - the rest of the Tushinsky camps, an impostor with troops in Kaluga, nobles of the southern Russian lands.

Lhadmitry II stood up with the troops near the village of Kolomna, and Moscow was again in siege. At this critical moment, Moscow boyars, together with Tushinsky, organized a plot against Shuisky. July 17, 1610 he was captured, deprived of the throne and forcibly tonsured monks. Later, he was given to the Poles along with the brothers. Two years later, Shuisky died in captivity.

Semiboyarschina

At the head of the coup stood seven members of the Boyar Duma - F. I. Mstislavsky, V. V. Golitsyn, and others, so the new government called the seveniboyarschina.

Semiboyarschina sought the transfer of power in the Boyar Duma country. In a cross-drive diploma, on which people had to give an oath of loyalty, it was said: "Listen to the boyars and the court to love them. There was also a point that later the boyar would choose with all the people of the sovereign. "

If Russia had gone on this path, then probably in russian history There would be no more autocratic power of the monarch. In those conditions, it was an undoubted step forward along the path of civilization development.

Speaking against the impostor, Semiboyarschina sought to restore order in the country, to end the war against Poland. Moscow Boyars, together with Tushushin, again offered the Russian throne of King Vladislav, provided that he would pass in Orthodoxy, marries Orthodox, purify Russian land from Polish detachments. Thus, the boyars were stopped by the struggle for the throne, the dependent king was obtained, allied relationships were established with Poland.

Patriarch Hermogen initially supported these offers. Negotiations began with Hetman Zolkevsky, whose army from near Smolensk approached Moscow. Moscow residents began to lead to an oath in favor of Vladislav. Soon the Moscow embassy led by Philaret (Romanov) and Prince Golitsyn left for Smolensk to the king.

The joint actions of the Boyar Duma and Poles and Poles moved from Moscow to Falgestmitria P. He again fled to Kaluga. On the night of September 21, 1610, the Poles secretly occupied the Kremlin. Now the boyars may have reliable protection against the impostor.

But events in Kaluga immediately changed the situation. During the hunt, Lhadmitry was killed by comrades. The second impostor ended. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe king Dmitry collapsed. True, Marina Mnishek remained another, who a few days after the death of her husband gave birth to the son of Ivan. The barn as he was called in Russia, remained the only hope of supporters of the impostor.

Sigismund III refused to remove the siege of Smolensk, objected to the transition of the Son in Orthodoxy, and then demanded russian throne yourself. The ambassadors he delayed. Again the situation has changed dramatically. The Polish king continued to lead the war with Russia. Swedes from the allies turned into enemies, because The Russian population began to swear to Vladislav. Swedes seized the northern Russian cities. Boyarskaya Duma also turned into prisoners of the Polish garrison of the capital.

First militia

At this critical moment, the active patriotic position was shown by the average segments of the population of Russia - prosperous landing people, merchants, artisans, nobility, state peasants, Cossacks, part of the boyars and princes.

At the head of the patriotic movement, an inflexible Patriarch of Hermogen. He cursed all the accomplices of Poles, called Russians not to obey Vladislav, tirelessly explained that Russia needs a king from the number of Orthodox boyar births. Cities again began to referred to the diplomas, in which they called: stand for the Orthodox faith and for the Moscow state, the king of the Polish cross is not kissing, not to serve it. Moscow state from Polish and Lithuanian people to cleanse. And who will become with them against the Moscow state, against everyone to fight is unrepreneurous.

The first rose Ryazan led by Ya. Ya. Lyapunov. From the beginning of 1611, there were detachments from cities, Cossack troops led by Ataman Ya. M. Zarutsky and Prince D. T. Trubetsky. The purpose of the first folk militia There was a liberation of Moscow from Polyakov. At the head of the militia, the advice of the whole land.

Fights in Moscow

The militias approached Moscow. The people of the capital with joy waited for the liberators, and the Poles together with the boyars were preparing for defense. The Patriarch of Hermogens was sharpened in the dungeon, the population was withdrawn weapons and even axes and knives. On March 19, 1611, a rebellion led by the warlords-militia to Moscow flashed in Moscow. Prince D.M. Pozharsha organized resistance on Sretenka. The rebels blocked the street with tables, benches, logs, shot in Poles and German mercenaries. The Pozhasky beat off the attack of enemies, built Ostrodek not far from China-Cities and defended him with Russian Pushkar.

Then the Poles set fire to Moscow. Enveloped the flame and pool of Pozharsky. Wounded Prince's associates made out of battle. The first militia approached the already conquered and scorched city.

Disintegration of the first militia

In summer, Izvestia came about Smolensk. The cannon kernels of Poles broke into the wall and went to the attack through the break. Defenders in the city remained little, and yet all day the garrison fought courageously. The wounded Voyage Shein captured.

July 3, 1611. The remaining defenders of the city and its inhabitants, not wanting to give up, locked in the cathedral Blessed Virgin Mary And blew themselves.

Sigismund III sent a new army under the command of Hetman Khodkevich to Moscow, and he returned to Krakow himself and openly announced his claims to the Russian throne.

At the same time, the Swedes captured Novgorod and forced the rulers of the city to conclude an agreement with them to support the Swedish Prince as the future of the Russian king.

The struggle between Sweden and Poland for the Russian throne began. Novgorod land deposited from Russia.

The first militia detachments unsuccessfully tried to take Moscow, and then they strengthened in a white city.

To lead the movement, the government was elected as part of Prince D. T. Trubetsky, the leader of Kazakov Ya. M. Zarutsky and the governor Ya. Ya. Lyapunov.

The advice of the entire land took a sentence, which determined the nearest tasks of the movement - to return the country to the old orders, to cancel the distribution of land, complained by Tushinsky thief and the Government of Shuisky, to increase the distribution of land nobles, to provide land and cash salaries with the Cossacks who have long serve and want to serve further. At the same time, the "verdict" offered to remove Cossack detachments from the cities of Russia so that they do not dare to rob people, and in case of continuing the robbery and robberies, execute their death. "Verdict" prohibited Cossacks to hold posts in the Zemsky Office. But their special anger caused a item about the cheek and returning to the warders and landowners of the runaway peasants, many of which were in the Cossack camp. The advice of the whole land demanded a guidance in the country of order and legality. It was not satisfied with many Cossack Atamans.

The personal relationship between the leaders of the first militia was aggravated. Lyapunov showed disrespect for other commander, forced them to wait for the reception near his hut. Cossacks were invited to Lyapunov several times for explanations, and when after the third invitation he came, lit with his sabers. The nobles remained without a leader.

The first militia had enough strength to take two more attempts to master the city, but they were unsuccessful. By winter, 1611/12. The first militia was finally broken.

Second militia

It seemed that there was no refund to a single and independent state. In Moscow, the authorities held the Poles together with the Boyar Duma. Under Moscow existed the government of the first militia led by Ivan Zarutsky, proclaiming Ivan's infant, the son of Marina Mnishek, king. Novgorod Land captured the Swedes. Pskov Rules Lhadmitryy III - Possessing Man Sidorka. A number of cities - Pututl, Kazan and others did not recognize any power. The Polish king declared himself a Russian state truck and prepared for a campaign to Moscow. Trade froze, many cities were devastated, semi-skinned Moscow.

Nevertheless, the idea of \u200b\u200bpopular resistance did not die. The leading role in mobilizing the forces of the people belonged to the Russian Orthodox Church. From the Kremlin dungeon through loyal people Patriarch Hermogen sent the letters in which the Russian people called against the Polish invaders for the recreation of the state under the Scypter of the Russian Orthodox Tsar. He was erected by the diplomas, sewn from the Trinity-Sergiyev Monastery: "Let the servants, without any bags rush to Moscow, in the gathering to the boyars, to the governors and to all Orthodox Christians."

New Movement for Revival Russian state originated in Nizhny Novgorod. Here, after receiving the appeals of the Patriarch and Trinity Monks, in the fall of 1611, the townspeople began to gather on the gatherings.

The leader of the movement was the Nizhny Novgorod Posad Man, Zemsky Starrost, Minin-Suchuk Meat Merchant, an incorruptible, fair, in which everyone saw the guardian for a common cause.

In the main cathedral of Nizhny Novgorod, Kuzma Minin turned to countrymen with a call to start collecting funds for the organization of a new militia: "We will wake a lot of victim to the Moscow state, then you will not regret our belly." Minin first donated his savings and jewels of his wife. Patriotic gust received an organizational consolidation. The townspeople and the clergy decided that each owner gives the troops to the troops of one fifth part of his property and income - the fifth of money.

Contributions made merchants and other Russian cities. These funds minin intended for payment of the formed troops. The detachments of Smolensk nobles approached Nizhny Novgorod, again rose to the struggle south cities led by Ryazan. Slelich Vyazma, Kolomna, Dorogobuzh and other cities of their people. The search for the governor began. Nizhny Novgorod stopped the choice at the 33-year-old Prince Dmitry Mikhailovichi Pozhesky, which saved the glory of the bold and experienced military leaders. Kuzma Minin became the organizer of the economy, the finance of the army, management in the liberated territories.

Poles and their Moscow minions, headed by Boyarian Saltykov, turned to the arrested Patriarch of Hermogen demanding to condemn the starting movement. He responded with refusal and cursed the boyar as the popyan traitors. February 17, 80-year-old Hermogen died of hunger. Later Russian Orthodox Church counted him to the face of saints.

By winter, a strong mass was organized in Nizhny Novgorod. The militias put a good salary. Pozharsha regularly satisfied the review of the army, prepared him for testing.

In March 1612, the second militia made a campaign. The Cossacks of Ataman Zarutsky and Boyar Trubetsky were under Moscow continued robberies and violence on the territory controlled by them, they sought to expand their sphere of influence. Zarutsky sent a detachment to Yaroslavl. Yaroslavls turned to the Pozharskaya for help. The avant-garde of the militia cleared Yaroslavl from the Cossacks. One after another was opened by the second militia of the Gate of the city of Volga region, the North of Russia, Pomoria. In early April 1612, Raint joined Yaroslavl. The gifts of the residents of the city of Minin and the Pozhars were given to a common treasury.

The four-month-old Yaroslavl standing began. Minin and Pozharsha did not have the right to risk. To recreate the entire system of the Russian state, careful preparation was needed - military, economic, political.

The government was organized in Yaroslavl - the Council of the whole land led by the heads of the militia, boyars, orders. Dimpers with a request for help with people and money, the princes and boyars were signed, who did not spare themselves by the service of impostors and ingenians, - Dolgoruky, Odoevsky, Volkonsky, Prone, Morozov, Sheremetev, Busurlin, and others. The Council turned to help not only Russian people, but also To Tatars, Mordve, Udmurts, Mariers, Chuvasham, Bashkir, the peoples of the North and Siberia.

At the same time, the Yaroslavl government strengthened the army: empowered serve people; Cossacks who have entered the militia, a cereal and money salary was installed. The old orders of ownership of peasants and land were confirmed. The Council of the whole land stood firmly on the former fixed positions, realizing that only during the landlord lands and sub-ministers of the peasants, it is possible to ensure combat capability of the army being created.

The new government took a number of diplomatic steps. It tried to resolve relations with Sweden. The heads of the militia sent ambassadors to Novgorod and agreed to support the candidacy of the Swedish Prince into Russian throne, provided that he would take Orthodoxy. Thus, both Novgorod and Sweden turned into allies.

Confident actions of the leaders of the second militia, recognition of its power by the overwhelming number of cities made a nervousness in the actions of the leaders of the first militia. Zarutsky organized an attempt on Pozharsky.

As soon as this message reached Cossack Tubors near Moscow, Ropot began. Zarutsky, along with Marina Mnishek and "Vorncoma" fled to the south. In Astrakhan, he tried to raise the people into a new campaign to Moscow - under the banner of Tsarevich Ivan.

Liberation of Moscow

On July 27, 1612, the second militia spoke out of Yaroslavl to Moscow. Near the Trinity-Sergian Monastery The shelves received the blessing of the church. Here, the Pozhayskaya became known that the army of Polish hetman Khodkevich rushes to Moscow.

On August 20, 1612, the first to come to the capital came the fire. On August 21, Khodkevich approached and settled the camp on a positive grief. The Pozhars deployed his shelves with a semicircle on the left bank of the Moscow River. The center of his troops was located at the Arbat gate, just opposite the road to Mozhaysk, from where the Khokevich's regiments were in a hurry. On the right bank, where the Crimean Bridge is now located, the remnants of the first militia led by Trubetsky covered the movement to the Kremlin from the south-west and blocked the Polish garrison.

The top of the first militia with distrust and care watched the movements of the second militia. Several times Trubetskaya offered to the Pozharski to unite forces, but he rejected these proposals. When Trubetskoy asked the submarines, he sent 5 equestrian hundreds.

On the morning of August 22, 1612, the Polish army crossed through Moscow was met by Pozhesky near the Novodevichy Monastery. With approximate equality of forces (10-12 thousand people), the Poles had superiority in Connection. Their heavy hussars who have heard the best cavalry in Europe, were the first to strike on the left flank of the Russians and threw them to the river bank. At the same time, the Polish garrison of the capital organized a babble. The Pozha region built the strengthening here in advance and beat his enemy.

Half a day walked, the advantage of Polyakov became all tangible. And at this time on the other bank of the river stood Cossack hundreds of Trubetsky and watched the battle. In the hardest moment, without the order of Trubetskoy, equestrian hundreds sent on the eve of Pozharski, crossed themselves through the Moscow River and hit the Welkevich to Flange. Together with them, other Cossack hundreds took the attack. Hurry to the revenue of the Russian regiments, the Cossacks shouted the Trubetskoy: "In your dislike for the Moscow state and routine people, the Paguba is revealed, Chevo is not helped by the die!"

Pozharski shelves were perceived by the Spirit. The infantry came out due to shelters and moved forward. Khodkevich retreated.

At night, he sent conversations with food to the Kremlin to support the starving garrison, but the Cossacks intercepted it.

Khodkevich moved to the Don Monastery and from there August 24, 1612 led an attack on Zamoskvorechye.

Pozharsha also regrouped his strength, and the Cossacks of Trubetsky stood on the way of the enemy.

Early in the morning, the Polish Connection went to the breakthrough, and the other part of the troops fell into the Cossacks. Poles were tested by the militia, but the regiment, which was led by Pozharski, endured the onslaught. In Zamoskvorechye, the strengthened Poles captured Poles. Over orthodox temple The Polish banner swayed next to him. The insult of the shrine stirred the Cossacks, they beat their positions.

Considering that Zamoskvorechye in his hands, Khokevich pulled a huge traffic here to forward it to the Kremlin. It was the mistake of the hetman: the traffic took a large space, preventing the maneuvers of the Poles.

In the late afternoon, Kuzma minin showed the initiative. With several hundreds of noble cavalry, he, unexpectedly crushing across the river, hit the Khokevich army to the left flank. Poles mixed. Immediately, the infantry of the militia came out due to shelter and moved forward, the Cossacks rushed to the enemy. Polish shelves were crumpled, the camp of the hetman and all the conversations are captured. The remnants of their troops of Khodkevich took the mountains to Vorobyev, and after a few days he retreated to Mozhaysk.

Now all his strengths of the militia and the Cossacks focused on the siege of the Kremlin. At the end of September 1612, both rati and both councils were united. From now on, all appeals to the army and cities were followed by Trubetsky and Pozharsky. At the insistence of Trubetsk, his name, titled and rich boyar, in these appeals was the first.

In the Kremlin, the cruel hunger began, but the Pozhasky did not hurry with the storm, saving the life of the warrior. Russian guns regularly fired a Polish garrison of the Kremlin, inflicting tangible losses. At the end of the second month, the siege of the fire offered the Poles to surrender, but they were answered by the bold. Soon to get rid of the extra mouths, they released the Boyar wives and children from the Kremlin, having previously robbed them. Together with relatives, 15-year-old Mikhail Romanov The future Russian king was released.

On October 22, 1612, the Poles agreed to negotiate and surrender, and on October 26, the Polish garrison capitulated.

The next day, the regiments of the Pozharskiy and the Cossacks of Trubetsky under the unlawful chips of the people entered the Kremlin. To meet them, they were brought to the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God.

But the war has not yet ended. From the West, the army of Sigismund III was hidden. However, his avant-garde was defeated near Moscow. Attempting to take the storm City Volokolamsk was not crowned with success. Having lost your garrison in the Kremlin, the king turned back. It was a complete victory of patriotic forces.

Lhadmitriy 2 - (when it was born unknown - Death 11 (21) December 1610) The impostor of unknown origin. He was called Kaluga or Tushinsky thief. Since 1607, Imbered myself for the son of Ivan IV of Grozny, Tsarevich Dmitry allegedly saved (False Dmitry I). In 1608-1609, a Tushinsky camp created a Tushinsky camp under the capital, from where to no avail tried to capture Moscow. With the beginning open polish intervention Fallen in Kaluga, where he was killed.
The appearance of Falsmitria 2.
Ongoing in Starodab In the middle of 1607, Lhadmitryy 2 was a person, not suitable for the throne. "The man is rough, the customs of the nasty, in the conversation foul language," the Polish Rothmistra Samuel Maskevich described it. The origin of this husband is really "dark and modestly" - either a school teacher from the Belarusian town of Shklov, or the Russian exit, or Popovich, whether the baptized Jew, whether even the Jew is unrearently (which is even incredible at all). His appearance, some of the historians explain the desire of Polish Panov to sow troubles in the Moscow state.
They said that the impostor, who came out of Lithuanian possessions in the Moscow State, to bring the agent of the wife of Mnishek, Mehovitsky, did not decide to immediately declare himself to the king. Initially, he was called Moscow boyar Nagim and spread rumors in Starodube that Dmitry was able to escape. When it is with the accomplice, the Stranchy, the Stokers, the Starodubets were subjected to torture, the latter reported that he had nagim himself and there was a real Dmitry. He accepted the imperative species, sadly waved with a stick and shouted: "Ah you are whitual children, I am a sovereign."
First victories
Starodubtsy and Pututlians rushed to his feet: "To blame, the sovereign, did not recognize you; Mix us. We are glad to serve your belly for you. " He was freed and surrounded by honors. Zarutsky, Mehovitsky, with the Polskorukovsky Council, and several thousand Severstsev joined him. With this army of Lhadmitry, 2 was able to take Karachev, Bryansk and Kozelsk. In Orel, he received reinforcements from Poland, Lithuania and Zaporozhye.
1608, May - the troops of Feltmitria won over Shuisky under the Volkhov. In this battle, the Self-Protection Movie commanded the Ukrainian Prince Roman Ruzhinsky, who led to the banners of the new "king" of thousands of volunteers compulculated by him in the speech. Soon, the impostor approached the capital and settled in Tushina, in 12 versts from Moscow (the angle formed by the Moscow River and its influx), which is why he received a nickname "Tushinsky thief".

Almost a year and a half lasted Tushinsky period of the Russian University. Not only the Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian adventurers were in the camp of Tushinsky's thief, but also representatives of the nobility - the opponents of Shuisky. Among them, the Rostov Metropolitan Filaret Nikitich Romanova, who was named by the Patriarch (it seems, even against his will) should be mentioned. The impostor called on his side the people, giving him the lands of "traitors" boyars and allowing even forcibly to marry the boyars daughters. The camp of the shortness turned into a fortified city, in which there were 7,000 Polish warriors, 10,000 Cossacks and several tens of thousands of armed races.

The main power of "Tushinsky's thief" consisted in Cossacks, which was striving for the establishment of Cossack Liberty. "Our king," Polyakov wrote from him, "everything is done as in the Gospel, everything is equal in his service." But when rooded people appeared in Tushina, they immediately began to arise disputes about the seniority, envy and rivalry appeared with each other.
1608, August - part of the liberally exempted by the petition of the Poles hit the location of Tushinsev. Marina Mnishek former there, after the persuasion of Rozhinsky and Sapega, recognized the Falseedmitriya with 2 with his spouse and was secretly applied with him. Sapega and Lisovsky joined the impostor. Cossacks continued to flow to him, so he had up to 100,000 people troops.
In Moscow and the surrounding cities, the influence of Falsmitria 2 steadily grew. He was obeyed by Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vologda, Murom, Kashin and many other cities.
Poles and Russian thieves, whom they sent around the cities, soon configured the Russian people against themselves. Initially, the impostor promised the Tarhnaya letters, who freed the Russians from all the serves, but the residents soon saw that they would have to give as much as they want to take them. From Tushina, the collectors were sent out of customers, and after some time there sent his collectors from under the Sapega's Trinity.
Poles and Russian thieves gathered in the gangs, who attacked the village, robbed them, mocked people. It hardly helped the Russian people, and he no longer believed that in Tushina, the real Dmitry.
After the failure of Sapega in front of the Troitskaya Lavra, the position "King" the impostor shall shall; Remote cities began to renounce him. Another attempt to seize Moscow did not have success; From the north, Skopin with Swedes, in Pskov and Tver Tsushiny were broken and fled. Moscow was released from siege.
Kaluga camp
The campaign of Sigismund III under Smolensk has further worsened the position of "Tsarka" - the Poles began to move under the banners of their king. Lhadmitry, changing the peasant, escaped from the mill. In fortified Kaluga, he was adopted with honors. Marina Mnishek arrived in Kaluga, under guard, allocated by Savega, the impostor lived in width. Without the supervision of Polish Panov felt free. He again swore Kolomna and Kashira.

And at that time, the Army Sigismund III continued to unsuccessfully deposit Smolensk, and the young commander Skopin-Shuisky was able to remove the siege with the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And suddenly Skopin-Shuisky died, according to rumors poisoned by his wife of one of the royal brothers, Prince Dmitry. The latter was appointed to the commander of the army sent to SMOLENSK.
Hike to Moscow
Under the club, 150 km from the capital, on June 24, 1610, the army of Shuisky defeated Poles under the start of the Crown Hetman Stanislav Zhulkevsky. The path to Moscow was opened. Zhulkevsky tried to her from the West, Tushinsky Thief - from the south. The impostor took Serpukhov, Borovsk, Paftyev Monastery and reached Moscow. Marina stopped at the Nicholo-Ugreshsky Monastery, and Lhadmitry - in the palace village Kolomna. Again, as in Tushinsky times, to the Kremlin was hand to file and the royal throne was empty (Vasily Shuisky was "coherent" from the throne, and after violently tonsured monks).
But this time the story was in charge of the Kaluga "King" only an unenvious role. His appearance forced Moscow boyars to choose from two angry. On August 17, Zhulkev entered into an agreement with them, according to which the son of Sigismund III Queen Vladislav was supposed to join the Moscow throne. The capital, and after and many other Russian cities swore at the loyalty to the King Vladislav Zhigmontovich. From now on, the Polish garrison introduced into Moscow has become an insurmountable obstacle for Falgestrimitria.
Zhulkevsky, however, tried to settle the case of the world. On behalf of the king, he promised an impostor in the case of supporting the royal case to give the city of Sambor or Grodno. But, indignantly wrote Hetman in his memoirs, "he did not think it was possible to be content, and even more so his wife, who, being a woman ambitious, was rather rude:" Let His Majesty king will give His Majesty to King Krakow, and the king His Majesty will give way to king him Majesty Warsaw ".
Then Zhulkevsky decided to simply arrest them, but Marina with an impostor fledged on August 27 in Kaluga, accompanied by 500 Cossacks Ataman Ivan Martynovich Zarutsky, who for the first time spoke on their side.
Death of Falsmitria 2.
He died due to revenge of the baptized Tataran Urusov, which was subjected to corporal punishment. 1610, December 11 - when an impostor, semi-man, under the convoy of the Tatar crowd drove to the hunt, Urusov squeezed him saber shoulder, and the younger brother Urusova cut off his head. His death made a terrible excitement in Kaluga; All the remaining Tatars were killed. The Son of Flaceholdria proclaimed King's Kaluga.
I. Muromov

- The impostor, also known under the name "Tushinsky thief". Unknown, according to some information, Jewish origin. Walking at the beginning of the troubled time in Belarus and Seversk land, he graduated from one of the boyars of Nagih. Meanwhile, there were rumors among the Starodubers that in their city there was a saved Tsarevich Dmitry. The distributor of these rumors, A. Krotn, pointed to the imaginary naked, calling him Dmitry. He accepted the impostor (1607), and military detachments of robbery and adventure seekers began to flow into it in Starodub. To 3,000 different chasprass, which blues around Falgestriya II, joined Mehowetsky with the Ukrainian Volnitz. A new impostor recognized Ataman Don Cossacks Zarutsky. Falseedtry II with his cheeks took the city of Karachev, Bryansk, Kozelsk and Eagle, where the large Polish and Lithuanian-Russian units of liberty joined him, as well as the prince of Rozhini. The forces of the king Vasily Shuisky were broken on May 11, 1608. Lhadmitry began hastily moved to Moscow and on June 1, 1608 was located in the village of Tushino, in 12 versts from her. The wife of the first impostor returned from the Russian captivity, Marina Mnishek agreed to admit that Lhadmitry II really there is a saved Lhadmitry I and was taken into a Tushinsky camp.

There focused to 18.000 cavalry and 2000 Polish infantry, up to 30.000 zaporozhetsev and up to 15,000 Don Cossacks. The main power of Tushinsky's thief was in Cossacks, which was striving for the overthrow of the former orders and to establish the Cossack Volnitsa throughout Russia. Lhadmitry II supported these plans. He announced the seizure of boyars and distribution of these land to everyone who captured them, etc. Gradually began to obey different cities: First border with Lithuania (Brown, Great Luki, Pskov), then closest to Moscow (Pereyaslavl-Zalesky, Suzdal, Uglich, Rostov), \u200b\u200band after - Northern, and Eastern (Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Shuya, Balakhna, Gorokhovets, Murom , Arzamas, Shack, Kostroma, Vologda, Kashin and many others). Captured in Rostov Metropolitan Filaret (Bearded at Boris Godunov Boyar Fedor Nikitich Romanov, the investigator of the future dynasty) was brought in Tushino and announced there by Patriarch.

S. Ivanov. Lhadmitria II camp in Tushino

It seemed that Lhadmitry II would soon take Moscow, from where numerous noble "flights" began to flee. However, soon his position has changed. The attack of Tushinsev to the capital ended in failure. The king Vasily Shuisky sitting there concluded a contract with the Swedes and received help from them. Siege Supporter of False Deadmitry II, Sapegoy, Trinity Lavra also ended in failure. Many, especially remote, cities began to be made from the affairs of Falsitria. The beginning of the campaign to Russia of the Polish king Sigismund III, who announced himself a direct rival of "thief" and who arrived in the fall of 1609 in the fall, distracted from the Tushinsky camp, most of the Poles. In the village of Falseedmitria II, discord and disagreement began. At the very end of 1609, the thief fled to Kaluga, and Marina behind him. Tushinsky camp broke up.

Arrival of Falsmitria II in Kaluga after flight from Tushina. Artist N. Dmitriev-Orenburg

Lhadmitry II - the second impostor, which gave himself for the son of Ivan IV. He was also an adventurer and impostor, who was supposedly able to escape during the uprising of 1606. Molchanov, who participated in the murder of Fedor Godunov, who fled to the Western borders, began to spread the rumor that Tsarevich Dmitry managed to survive.

The question of the origin of the impostor causes a lot of disputes. His appearance was beneficial for certain circles. He appears in Belarus for the first time (in propoisy), was caught as a spy and called Andrei Nagim, said he was a relative of the killed king Dmitry and is forced to hide from Shuisky. The detainee asked to send it to Starodub. Arriving there, he begins to spread rumors, there is a living king Dmitry in the city. When searching for Dmitry, they pointed out naked. He initially refused, but the townspeople began to threaten the alien torture, the alien called Dmitry.

Tushinsky thief

Supporters of the king began to gather in this small town. In 1607, hiking are carried out on Bryansk and Tula.

They reached the capital, but the Kremlin could not capture. The invaders sat down in the Moscow region - Tushina, so the adventurerist was called Tushinsky thief.

His army was compiled from the Poles who left Moscow after the execution of False Dutyman I. headed her princes Vishnevetsky and Ruzhinsky. They joined the Cossacks, headed by Zarutsky, and small groups of Bolotnikov, who survived from the defeat. About 3,000 soldiers gathered.

In Tushino, the impostor formed the government, which includes some Russian feudal and orders (phylaret of Romanov, Princes Trubetskiy and others). The actual leadership turned out to be in the hands of Polish commander led by Hetman Ruzhinsky.

Lhadmitria II in August 1608 managed to implement a secret wedding with Marina Mnishek, Polyashka "found out" in him his spouse. Part of the Moscow Boyars (Tushinsky flights), who was displeased by King Vasily Shuisky supported the impostor.

In April 1609, Lhadmitriy II seemed to the people. On his head was hat, decorated precious stonesthey shone when sunlight. So there was a saying that on the thief the hat is burning.

Lhadmitry II managed to take advantage folk struggle Against the power of Shuisky and take control of the territory in the eastern, northern and north-west direction from Moscow. In order to attract landlords, the impostor engaged in the distribution of land with peasants.

The territory that fell under the control of the ruler was subjected to monetary and natural props for the content of Polish troops. Such a policy has caused a national liberation struggle.

Since 1609, the land controlled by Flavmitry is rapidly reduced. In the summer, Poles begin to intervention against the Russian state, which led to the collapse of the bet in Tushino. On the side of Sigismund III, the Poles and some Russian feudals are transferred. At the end of 1609, the impostor runs to Kaluga.

End of Board

Following my husband, Marina Mnishek arrives in the city. On December 11, Tushinsky thief was killed by baptized Tatarith Peter Urusov. He cuts the saber's shore, Brother Urusova cut off the impostor head. It was a reason for the fact that Lhadmitriy executed Urazhe Metamet (Casimovsky King).

Soon after the death of a self-charged king, a boy was born at Mnishek. He was named Ivan, the people called "barn". Polish Pani shortly for her husband, her next spouse, became the Cossack Ataman Zarutsky.

Polish troops managed to capture Smolensk, as the country was completely broken.