Story Tunguska meteorite originates from June 30, 1908. AT earth's atmosphere above Eastern Siberia, in the interfluve of the Lena and Podkamennaya Tunguska, a certain object, bright as the sun exploded and flew a couple of hundred kilometers. Later given object was named the Tunguska meteorite. Thunder rumbles could be heard within a radius of a thousand kilometers. The mysterious object completed its flight at an altitude of 5-10 kilometers above the taiga with an explosion.

As a result of the blast wave, the forest, located within a radius of 40 kilometers, was tumbled down. Animals died and people got hurt. During the explosion, the power of the light flash reached such strength that it caused a forest fire. It was he who caused the devastation of the entire region. As a result, inexplicable events began to occur on the territory of a vast space. light phenomena, later called "bright nights of the summer of 1908". This effect arose as a result of clouds formed at an altitude of about 80 kilometers. They reflected Sun rays, creating "bright nights". On June 30, night did not fall over the territory, the sky shone with such a light that it was possible to read. This phenomenon was observed over several nights.

The fall and explosion of a meteorite for many years turned the taiga, rich in vegetation, into a dead cemetery of a dead forest. When it came time to investigate this catastrophe, the results were stunning. The explosion energy of the Tunguska meteorite was 10-40 megatons of TNT equivalent. This can be compared to the energy of 2,000 nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. Much later, a significant growth of trees became noticeable. Such changes speak of a radiation release.

Tunguska meteorite - theories of occurrence.

Until now, the mystery of the Tunguska meteorite cannot be solved. Only in the 20s of the last century, studies of this phenomenon began. By decree of the USSR Academy of Sciences, four expeditions were sent, led by the mineralogist Leonid Kulik. Even after the incident of the century, all the secrets of the mysterious phenomenon have not been revealed.

Hypotheses were very different regarding the incidents in the Tunguska taiga. Some have suggested that there was an explosion of swamp gas. Others talked about the crash of an alien ship. Theories have been put forward about a meteorite from Mars; that the icy nucleus of a comet fell to Earth. Hundreds of theories have been put forward. Michael Ryan and Albert Jackson, American physicists, announced that our planet has collided with a "black hole". Felix de Roy, an optical anomaly researcher and astronomer from France, put forward the theory that on this day the Earth, with its probability, could collide with a cloud of cosmic dust. And some researchers came up with the idea that it could be a piece of plasma that broke away from the Sun.

The theory of Yuri Lavbin.

The research expedition of the Siberian Public Foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon", which was organized in 1988, led by Yuri Lavbin, Corresponding Member of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts, discovered metal rods near Vanavara. And here Lovebin put forward his own theory: a huge comet is approaching the planet Earth. Some advanced civilization from outer space became aware of a future tragedy, and to prevent a catastrophe, the aliens sent their sentinel ship. His goal was to split the giant comet. The nucleus of the comet broke up and some of the fragments hit our planet, while the rest flew by. The inhabitants of the planet were saved from imminent death, but as a result, one fragment damaged the alien ship and he was forced to make an emergency landing on Earth. The crew of the alien ship repaired the ship and left our planet. They left blocks to us that were out of order, subsequently discovered by the expedition.

Tunguska meteorite - study of the place of impact.

For all the years spent on unraveling the mystery of the Tunguska meteorite, a total of 12 conical holes were found. Since it never occurred to anyone to measure the depth of these holes, no one knows how deep they go. Only recently have researchers begun to think about the origin of the conical holes. Questions have also begun to surface about why the trees are felled in such a strange way, because in all likelihood they should lie in parallel rows. The conclusion is as follows: the explosion itself was unknown to science. Geophysicists have come to the conclusion that some questions will be answered by a detailed study of conical holes in the earth.

Unusual artifacts.

In 2009, Krasnoyarsk researchers discovered quartz cobblestones with mysterious writings at the site of a meteorite fall. Scientists suggest that these letters were applied to the surface of quartz in a man-made way, possibly with the help of plasma exposure. After studies of quartz, it became known that it contains impurities of cosmic substances that cannot be obtained on earth. These cobblestones are essentially artifacts: each layer of the plates is marked with signs of an alphabet unknown to anyone.

The theory of Gennady Bybin.

The physicist, Gennady Bybin, put forward the last hypothesis. He believes the body that landed on Earth is not a meteorite, but an icy comet. The scientist came to this conclusion after a detailed study of the diary of Leonid Kulik. He wrote that a certain substance in the form of ice, covered with peat, was found at the site. However, this finding was not given any significance. Since this compressed ice was found 20 years after the disaster, this fact cannot be considered an indication of permafrost. This is irrefutable proof that the icy comet theory is unmistakably correct.

Results of the study of the landing site of the Tunguska meteorite.

Soon, scientists agreed that this was nothing more than a meteorite that exploded above the surface of our planet. And all thanks to the expedition led by Leonid Kulik. It was she who discovered traces of the meteorite. However, at the site of the explosion, the researchers did not find the usual meteorite crater. An unusual picture appeared to the eye: around the place of the fall, the forest was tumbled down from the center like a fan, and some of the trees in the center remained standing, but without branches.

The following expeditions noticed the characteristic shape of the forest felled as a result of the explosion. The area of ​​the forest was 2200 square kilometers. After calculations and modeling of the shape of this area, as well as studying all the circumstances of the fall of the meteorite, it was shown that the cosmic body exploded not from a collision with the Earth's surface, but in the air, approximately at an altitude of 5 - 10 kilometers above the Earth.

All these assumptions are just theories. The mystery of the Tunguska meteorite remains unsolved. Scientists and researchers are striving to comprehend the mystery of what exactly happened in the Siberian taiga on June 30, 1908.

Tunguska meteorite in the representation of the artist

In the Russian-speaking space, there are a lot of space legends. Almost every village has a hill above which mysterious lights have been seen in the sky, or a hollow left by a “comet”. But the most famous (and really existing!) remains the Tunguska meteorite. Descending from heaven on the unremarkable morning of June 30, 1908, he instantly laid 2000 km²taiga, knocked out the windows of houses hundreds of kilometers around.

Explosion near Tunguska

However, the space guest behaved very strangely. It exploded in the air, and several times, did not leave from itself, and the forest did not knock down at all with a blow to the ground. This inflamed the imagination of both science fiction writers and scientists - since then, at least once a year, but it appears a new version what caused the explosion near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. Today we will explain what the Tunguska meteorite is from the point of view of astronomy, photos from the impact sites will become our guides.

The most important, the very first and most unreliable information about the meteorite is the description of the fall of the meteorite. The whole planet felt it on itself - the wind reached Britain, and the earthquake swept across Eurasia. But the biggest fall cosmic body only a few have seen it in person. And only those who survived could tell about it.

The most reliable witnesses say that a huge fiery tail flew from north to east, at an angle of 50 ° to the horizon. After that, the northern part of the sky lit up with a flash that brought great heat: people tore off their clothes, and dry plants and fabrics smoldered. This was an explosion - more precisely, thermal radiation from it. A shock wave with wind and seismic vibrations came later, knocking trees and people to the ground, breaking windows even at a distance of 200 kilometers!

Strong thunder, the sound from the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite, came last, and resembled the roar of cannon fire. Immediately after this, there was a second explosion, less powerful; most of the eyewitnesses, dumbfounded by the heat and the shock wave, noticed only its light, which was described as a “second Sun”.

This is where the evidence ends. It is worth taking into account the early hour of the fall of the meteorite and the personalities of eyewitnesses - these were Siberian peasant settlers and natives, Tungus and Evenks. The last in their pantheon of gods have iron birds spitting fire, which gave eyewitness accounts a religious tinge, and ufologists - "reliable evidence" of the presence of a spaceship at the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite.

Journalists also tried: the newspapers wrote that a meteorite fell right next to railway, and the passengers of the train saw a space rock, the top of which was sticking out of the ground. Subsequently, it was they, in close conjunction with science fiction writers, who created a myth with many faces, in which the Tunguska meteorite was both a product of energy, and interplanetary transport, and an experiment by Nikola Tesla.

Tunguska myths

Chelyabinsk meteorite, the younger brother of the Tunguska meteorite chemical composition and fate, was filmed by hundreds of cameras and cameras during its fall, and scientists quickly found the solid remains of the body - but still there were people who promoted the version of its supernatural origin. And the first expedition to the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite was undertaken 13 years after the fall. During this time, new undergrowth has grown, streams have dried up or turned their course, and eyewitnesses have left their home on the waves of the recent revolution.

One way or another, Leonid Kulik, a well-known mineralogist and meteorite expert in the Soviet Union, led the first search for the Tunguska meteorite in 1921. Before his death in 1942, he organized 4 (according to other sources - 6) expeditions, promising the country's leadership meteoric iron. However, he did not find either a crater or the remains of a meteorite.

So, where did the meteorite go, and where to look for it? Below we will consider the main features of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite and the myths generated by them.

“The Tunguska meteorite exploded stronger than the most powerful nuclear bomb”

The strength of the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite, according to the latest calculations of the supercomputers of the US Sandia Nuclear National Laboratory, was “only” 3-5 megatons in TNT equivalent. Although this is more powerful than the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima, it is much less than the monstrous 30-50 megatons that appear in the data on the Tunguska meteorite. Previous generations of scientists were let down by a misunderstanding of the meteorite explosion mechanism. The energy did not spread uniformly in all directions, as during the explosion of a nuclear bomb, but was directed to the earth in the direction of the cosmic body.

“The Tunguska meteorite disappeared without a trace”

The crater from the Tunguska meteorite was never found, which gave rise to many speculations on this topic. However, should there be a crater at all? Above, we did not call the younger brother of Tunguska for nothing - he also exploded in the air, and his main part weighing several hundred kilograms, they managed to find at the bottom of the lake only thanks to multiple video recordings. This was due to its loose, loose composition - it was either a "rubble pile", an asteroid made up of pili and separate parts, or part of it. most mass and energy in an air flare, the Tunguska meteorite could not leave a large funnel, and for 13 years separating the date of the fall and the first expedition, this funnel could itself turn into a lake.

In 2007, scientists from the University of Bologna managed to find the crater of the Tunguska meteorite - theoretically, it is Lake Cheko, which lies 7-8 kilometers from the explosion site. It has a regular ellipsoidal shape directed towards the forest felled by a meteorite, a conical shape characteristic of impact craters, its age is equal to the age of the meteorite fall, and magnetic studies show the presence of a dense object at the bottom. The study of the lake is still ongoing, and perhaps soon the Tunguska meteorite itself, the culprit of all the commotion, will appear in the exhibition halls.

Leonid Kulik, by the way, was looking for such lakes, but near the very place of the fall. However, at that time, descriptions of explosions of meteorites in the air were unknown to science - the remains of the Chelyabinsk meteorite flew off quite far from the place of the explosion. Having drained one of the "promising" lakes, the scientist found at its bottom ... a tree stump. This incident gave rise to a comic description of the Tunguska meteorite as "an oblong cylindrical object in the form of a log made from a special type of space wood." Later there were lovers of sensations who took this story seriously.

“The Tunguska meteorite was created by Tesla”

Many pseudoscientific theories about the Tunguska meteorite originated from jokes or misinterpreted statements. This is how Nikola Tesla got involved in the meteorite story. In 1908, he promised to light the way in Antarctica to Robert Peary, one of two people credited with leading the way to the Polar Pole.

It is logical to assume that Tesla, as the founder of the modern electrical network alternating current, had in mind some more practical method than the creation of an explosion at a considerable distance from the path of Robert Peary in Siberia, the maps of which he allegedly requested. At the same time, Tesla himself argued that it is possible to transmit over long distances only with the help of ether waves. However, the absence of ether as a medium of interaction electromagnetic waves was proven after the death of the great inventor.

This is not the only fiction about the Tunguska meteorite that is passed off as truth today. There are people who believe in the "alien ship going back in time" version - only it was first introduced in the Strugatsky brothers' humorous novel Monday Starts on Saturday. And the members of Kulik's expeditions, bitten by the taiga midge, wrote about billions of mosquitoes that huddled into one big ball, and their heat gave rise to a burst of energy with a capacity of megatons. Thank God, this theory did not fall into the hands of the yellow press.

“The site of the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite is an anomalous place”

At first, they thought so because they did not find either a crater or a meteorite - however, this is due to the fact that it exploded completely in, and its fragments had much less energy, and therefore were lost in the vast taiga. But there are always “inconsistencies” that allow you to idly fantasize around the Tunguska meteorite. We will now analyze them.

• The most important “evidence” of the supernatural nature of the Tunguska meteorite is that in the summer of 1908, supposedly before the fall of a cosmic body, glows and white nights appeared in Europe and Asia. Yes, one could say that any low-density meteorite or comet has a dust plume that enters the atmosphere before the body itself. However, the study of scientific reports on atmospheric anomalies in the summer of 1908 showed that all these phenomena appeared in early July - that is, after the fall of the meteorite. Here it is, the consequence of blind trust in the headlines.
• They also note that in the center of the explosion of the meteorite, trees remained without branches and foliage, like pillars. This, however, is typical of any powerful atmospheric explosions - the surviving houses and pagodas remained in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and at the very epicenter of the explosion. The movement of the meteorite and its destruction in the atmosphere knocked down trees in the shape of a butterfly, which also caused bewilderment at first. However, the already notorious Chelyabinsk meteorite left the same mark; There are even butterfly craters on. These mysteries were only able to be solved in the second half of the 20th century, when nuclear weapons appeared in the world.

This house was located 260 meters from the epicenter of the explosion in Hiroshima. There were no walls left of the houses.

• The last phenomenon is an increase in the growth of trees in the place of a forest felled by an explosion, which is more characteristic of electromagnetic and radiation than thermal bursts. A strong meteorite explosion clearly occurred in several dimensions at once, and the fact that the trees began to grow rapidly in the open sun fertile soil, is not at all surprising. Thermal radiation itself and injury to trees also affect growth - just like scars grow on the site of wounds on the skin. Meteoritic additives could also accelerate the development of plants: a lot of iron and silicate balls, fragments from the explosion were found in the wood.

Thus, in the fall of the Tunguska meteorite, only the power of nature and the uniqueness of the phenomenon are surprising, but not the supernatural overtones. Science develops and penetrates people's lives - and using satellite TV, satellite navigation and looking at deep space images, they no longer believe in the firmament of heaven, and do not take astronauts in white space suits for angels. And in the future, much more amazing things await us than the fall of meteorites - the same plains of Mars untouched by man.

At about 7 o'clock in the morning a large fireball flew over the territory of the Yenisei basin from the southeast to the northwest. The flight ended with an explosion at an altitude of 7-10 km above the uninhabited area of ​​the taiga. The blast wave was recorded by observatories around the world, including in the Western Hemisphere. As a result of the explosion, trees were knocked down over an area of ​​​​more than 2000 km, windows were broken several hundred kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion. For several days, intense sky glow and luminous clouds were observed in the territory from the Atlantic to central Siberia.

The Tunguska meteoroid is a body, apparently of cometary origin, which caused an air explosion that occurred in the region of 60 ° 55 N. sh. 101°57 E d. in the area of ​​the Podkamennaya Tunguska River on June 30, 1908 at 07:14.5 ± 0.8 minutes local time (0 h 14.5 min GMT). The power of the explosion is estimated at 10-40 megatons, which corresponds to the energy of an average hydrogen bomb.

A blast wave within a radius of 40 kilometers knocked down a forest, animals were destroyed, people were injured. Due to a powerful flash of light and a stream of hot gases, a forest fire broke out, which completed the devastation of the area. On a vast expanse, starting from the Yenisei River and ending with the Atlantic coast of Europe, several nights BEFORE and after the event, unprecedented in scale and completely unusual light phenomena were observed, which went down in history under the name “bright nights of the summer of 1908”.

But the exact place of the fall is still not known. The area of ​​the probable place where the Tunguska meteorite fell is marked on the map.

There is even a hypothesis that a lake remained after TM.

But a lot of interest science community did not show this phenomenon. And only almost twenty years after the fall, in 1927, the first researchers who arrived at the crash site were discouraged by the picture that opened before them: within a radius of about forty kilometers, all vegetation was felled and burned, and tree roots pointed to the epicenter. In the center stood tree-pillars with cleanly chopped branches. But the most interesting thing is that neither this nor subsequent expeditions could find even a hint of a meteorite, or at least a crater, which, according to all the laws of physics, should have formed at the site of its fall.

It is still not known whether it was a meteorite. For example, a few weeks before the events in Tunguska, Nikola Tesla told the press that he could light the way for the expedition of the traveler R. Piri to the North Pole. And after his words in the night sky over Canada and the United States, people saw unusually silvery clouds. And in an interview with The New York Times, Nikola Tesla claimed that his experimental installations for wireless power transmission could destroy any area of ​​the Earth and turn it into a lifeless desert.

literally on the eve of the “fall of the Tunguska meteorite”, Tesla saw on the table detailed map Siberia, on which there were some marks just in the area where the explosions would subsequently occur. It was a lot of explosions, eyewitnesses claimed that there were five of them. Although there are more than one craters, probable places where a meteorite fell ....

Relatively close is another amazing place "Elyuyu Cherkechekh" she is the Valley of Death

According to the legends of local residents, sometimes (once in a thousand years) huge fireballs fly out of this area, which lead to such cataclysms.

Wiki: en:Tunguska meteorite en:Tunguska event de:Tunguska-Ereignis es:Bólido de Tunguska

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The Tunguska meteorite in 1908 produced an explosion or even a series of explosions above the earth. But until now, the mystery of its appearance has not been solved. From that moment to the present day, scientists only continue to build hypotheses and assumptions, during which new interesting circumstances and mysteries are revealed. What kind interesting facts about the Tunguska meteorite known today?

1. Krasnoyarsk researchers in 2006 discovered pieces of quartz with unknown inscriptions. Incomprehensible hieroglyphs on the stones are applied without the use of manual labor. Scientists from Krasnoyarsk and Moscow analyzed the composition of the substance of the cobblestone. The results revealed the unearthly origin of this quartz. Engineer Yuri Lavbin puts forward a version about sending information from other civilizations to our planet, but an unsuccessful landing spoiled the mission.
2. Metal rods of unknown origin were found at the crash site.. Various hypotheses have been put forward. Scientist Lovebin claims that these are parts of a spacecraft.

   

3. The nature of the explosion is controversial. Trees according to all theories of physics and practical observations should lie in parallel. But this is not observed in relation to the Tunguska phenomenon. This means that the explosion itself and its origin are phenomena unknown to science.

   

4. Researchers different countries over the course of many years of expeditions, only 12 conical holes were found at the scene. Their depth, origin, and even the exact number has not been studied. However, in last years scientists paid attention to these holes. In the course of research, some scientists put forward a version of the earthly origin of the explosion.

   

5. The most modern version of what happened is the hypothesis of the scientist Gennady Bybin. The physicist has been studying the phenomenon for over 30 years. Puts forward a version of an icy comet. This was prompted by entries in the diaries of the first researcher of the anomaly, Leonid Kulik. The planet became like a hot frying pan for the comet. The ice melted sharply, and explosions occurred.

   

6. Expeditions led by Kulik hoped to find a meteorite crater. But instead, they found in the epicenter of the explosion trees felled like a fan, and in the very center the trunks stood upright, but without branches. Calculations made using computer programs showed - the explosion occurred several kilometers from the earth's surface.

   

7. Exists interesting hypothesis about the connection of Nikola Tesla with the incident on June 30, 1908, an explosion over Taiga. Two months before the event, the scientist was engaged in experiments on the transfer of energy through the air. Tesla claimed he could illuminate Robert Peary's expedition to the North Pole. Another evidence of the involvement of an American scientist in the Tunguska explosion is a request to the US Library of Congress about the least populated parts of Siberia.

   

8. Science fiction writers have their own versions. Alexander Kazantsev described the phenomenon in the Taiga as the fall of an alien ship from Mars.
   Arkady and Boris Strugatsky in the work "Monday begins on Saturday" describe the events of 1908 as a phenomenon of the reverse course of time. Spaceship did not land, but rather took off.

   

9. The energy of the Tunguska phenomenon is equal to the explosion of several thousand nuclear bombs. The rich vegetation of the Taiga turned into a cemetery for many years. In the center of the explosion, a couple of years later, an increased revival of the forest was discovered. This indicates radiation exposure.

   

10. Geologists from Ukraine and the United States in 2013 studied the composition of the grains of the presumably Tunguska meteorite. In the course of long studies and analyzes, they concluded that belonging of a celestial body to the class of carbonaceous chondrites.

    

11. A scientist from Curtin University of Australia - F. Bland refutes the connection of the stones found with a meteorite from space. The grains contain a suspiciously low concentration of iridium, and peat, according to research data, is not dated to 1908. Conclusion: the stones could have entered the soil before the explosion or after it.

    

12. Near the village of Vanavara, on October 9, 1995, the State Nature Reserve"Tunguska" by order of the Russian government. It contains all the artifacts of the incident and diaries of eyewitnesses.

    

13. Two brothers from among the local residents - Chekaren and Chuchanchi described what happened to them on June 30, 1908. From the story they were in the plague and slept. We woke up at the same time from the shock and heard a whistle and felt a gust of wind. A few moments later, there was a second strike of energy, as a result they were scattered around the plague. When they got out of the dwelling, there was a strong roar - the earth shook. The brothers saw a terrible picture: glowing from the fire coniferous trees fell, grass and moss burned. Hunters felt the strongest heat. In the morning they saw the second sun in the sky.

    

14. The next two nights after the anomaly, residents of the entire Northern Hemisphere observed an unusual glow in the sky. Some people could not sleep from the bright light. In such lighting it was possible to read a book.

    

15. There are about 30 versions of what happened, but the Tunguska anomaly remains the subject of controversy among scientists and a mystery to all mankind. A researcher from Krasnoyarsk is sure that the explosion was caused by natural gas and set it on fire by a meteorite. Physicists V. Zhuravlev and M. Dmitriev explain the anomalous phenomenon by an explosion of ball lightning.

    

Podkamennaya Tunguska is a river in Russia, which is a right tributary of the Yenisei. It flows in the Irkutsk region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where the Tunguska meteorite fell. This event did not receive due attention at that time. However, later it was studied closely. And they didn't find anything.

On the right bank of the river is the village of Podkamennaya Tunguska. After an unusual incident, this area became known to the whole world. The event is still of concern to researchers. And not only in Russia. The phenomenon of the Tunguska meteorite excites the minds of foreign scientists as well.

The most famous phenomenon of the 20th century

In what year and where did the Tunguska meteorite fall? The fall took place on June 30, 1908. But the old style is June 17th. In the morning at 7:17 a.m., the sky over Siberia lit up with a flash. An object with a fiery tail was seen flying towards Earth.

The explosion that resounded in the Podkamennaya Tunguska basin was deafening. It exceeded the power of the atomic explosion in Hiroshima by 2,000 times.

For reference, in 1945, 2 atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They did not reach the ground, exploding in the atmosphere, but the force of the explosion destroyed many people. In the place of flourishing cities, a desert was formed. Today 2 cities are completely rebuilt.

Consequences of the disaster

An explosion of unknown origin destroyed 2000 km 2 of the taiga, killed all living things that lived in this part of the forest. The shock wave made all of Eurasia shudder and circled the globe twice.

Barometers at Cambridge and Petersfield stations recorded a jump in atmospheric pressure. The whole territory from Siberia to the borders Western Europe love the white nights. The phenomenon lasted from June 30 to July 2.

Scientists from Berlin and Hamburg in those distant days were attracted by noctilucent clouds in the sky. They were an accumulation of small particles of ice that were thrown there by a volcanic eruption. However, no eruption was recorded.

But the incident did not attract due attention. Somehow they quickly forgot about him, and then a revolution, a war followed. They returned to the study of the Tunguska meteorite only decades later.

And they did not find anything, except for the consequences of the explosion in the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell. No fragments of a celestial body, nor any other traces of a space guest.

eyewitness accounts

Fortunately, they still managed to interview the inhabitants of Podkamennaya Tunguska. A few days before the explosion, people observed unusual flashes in the sky.

The explosion itself shook the whole of Siberia. Locals have seen animals thrown into the air by his power. The houses shook. And there was a bright flash in the sky. The rumble was heard for another 20 minutes after the fall of an unknown body. By the way, many argue that in fact there was more than one blow. The old Tungus Chuchancha told about this. First, 4 powerful blows followed with the same frequency, and 5 were heard somewhere in the distance. The inhabitants of the village, where the Tunguska meteorite fell, fully felt the forces of the explosion.

At this time, all seismographic stations in Russia, Europe and America recorded a strange shaking of the earth's crust.

People claim that after the explosion there was a strange, frightening silence. Birds and other habitual forest sounds were not heard. The sky dimmed, and the leaves on the trees first turned yellow, then red. By night they were completely blackened. In the direction of Podkamennaya Tunguska, a solid silver wall stood for 8 hours.

What exactly people saw in the sky is hard to say - everyone has their own version. Someone talks about a celestial body (each of the narrators tells about different form), someone about the fire that engulfed the whole sky. “The shirt on me seemed to catch fire,” said an eyewitness to the events.

thunder god

Today, trees grow again at the place where the meteorite fell. Their increased growth immediately after the disaster speaks of genetic mutations. They are never found in meteorite impact sites, which refutes the logical version. Perhaps, where the Tunguska meteorite fell, a strong electromagnetic field formed.

The giants hit by the blast still lie in neat rows, indicating the direction of the explosion. Burnt trees with uprooted roots remind of a strange catastrophe.

The expedition, which arrived at the site of the explosion in the summer of 2017, examined the fallen trees with a specialist. Local residents, representatives of the peoples of the lower Amur (Evenks, Oroks) believed that they had met with the thunder god Agdy, the devourer of people. It is noteworthy that the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell really resembles a giant bird or butterfly in shape.

Where did the Tunguska meteorite actually fall?

The heart of the disaster in the taiga resembles a crater. However, it is not. The space body (most researchers believe that this was it) probably broke into small pieces when it hit the atmosphere. They could be scattered into different areas taiga. Therefore, no traces of a cosmic body were found at the epicenter of the explosion.

Lake Cheko is located just 8 km from the meteorite impact area. Its depth reaches 50 meters and has a conical shape. Italian geologists have suggested that the lake was formed as a result of a meteorite impact.

However, in 2016, their Russian colleagues took samples of lake sediments and submitted them for examination. It turned out that the lake is at least 280 years old. Perhaps even more.

One of the correspondents wrote that one of his neighbors observed a flying star that fell into the water. Will meteorite particles never be found?

The comet burned up before the fall

One of the most popular and plausible versions is a comet that burned up in the atmosphere. The body, which consisted of mud, ice and snow, could simply not reach the Earth. During the fall, it warmed up to several thousand degrees and shattered into small pieces at a height of 5-7 km above the ground. Therefore, the remains of it were not found.

However, in the soil, at the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell, traces of cometary mud and water were preserved. They are preserved in sphagnum mosses, which form peat. The layer formed in 1908 contains an increased content of cosmic dust.

Black and white?

The theory put forward by Andrey Tyunyaev has already been published in the journal. It is based on the fact of the existence of black and white holes.

A black hole absorbs microparticles. No one will ever know what happens to them after falling into her mouth. A black hole transforms matter into space. A white hole is capable of forming this matter from space. Both of them perform the function of the circulation of substances. That is, they perform opposite tasks. Tyunyaev is sure that everything celestial bodies formed by the white hole.

Perhaps the Tunguska meteorite really was the result of the work of a white hole. But where did she come from in Siberia? There are 2 theories: either it was formed in outer space, near the Earth, or emerged from the bowels of our planet. And the explosion could provoke the contact of hydrogen, which is released during the operation of the white hole, with oxygen. During the explosion, only water is formed, which is very abundant in the area of ​​the incident.

A white hole is a phenomenon so far little studied and even devoid of a sufficient number of theories. How her black sister is formed, scientists know. Perhaps they work together and complement each other. Perhaps these are two sides of the same object, which is connected by a wormhole.

Damn Cemetery

Strange phenomena in the form of silence and blackened leaves may indicate a distortion of time, physicists say. The fact is that not far from the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell (the facts confirm this information) there is an anomalous zone. They call it the Devil's Cemetery. This place gained terrible fame back in the mid-thirties.

The shepherds lost several cows while moving their herd to the Kova River. Puzzled, they, along with the dogs, began to look for them. And soon they came to a desert area, completely devoid of vegetation. There lay torn cows and dead birds. The dogs ran away with their tails between their legs, while the men managed to pull the cows out with hooks. But their meat was inedible. The dogs that ran out into the clearing also soon died of unknown diseases.

This area has been explored by many expeditions. Four went missing in the taiga, the rest died shortly after visiting the Devil's cemetery.

Local residents claim that at night they see strange lights in those places and hear heartbreaking screams. Foresters are sure that they see ghosts in the forest.

sensational speculation

The science fiction writer Kazantsev in 1908 voiced the version that an alien ship had fallen to Earth, which had lost control. Therefore, the explosion occurred in the middle of the taiga, and not in a city or village - the ship was deliberately sent to a deserted area in order to save people's lives.

Kazantsev based his version on the assumption that the explosion was not nuclear, but airborne. Surprisingly, this theory was confirmed by scientists in 1958 - the explosion was indeed air. Medical examinations were carried out. And the local residents did not find any signs of radiation sickness. Perhaps, experts believe, together with a meteorite, a substance unknown to science hit the Earth. It kills all life and distorts the passage of time.

Secrets of the Tunguska meteorite and interesting facts about it

To date, none of the hypotheses (and there are more than a hundred of them) is not able to explain all the features that accompanied the explosion.

Several interesting facts about the Tunguska meteorite:

1. If the catastrophe had occurred 4 hours later, but in the same place where the Tunguska meteorite fell, the city of Vyborg would have been destroyed. And St. Petersburg is significantly damaged.
2. 708 eyewitnesses of the event indicated different directions of motion of the cosmic body. Most likely, two or maybe three objects collided at once.
3. Glass trembled, objects fell, dishes broke. Women ran out into the street in horror, crying. They thought it was the end of the world.
4. There is a version that the catastrophe was a consequence of the Russian revolution of 1905-1907. God was angry with St. Petersburg, so the direction of the shock wave pointed to this city.
5. Thunderous sounds were heard both during the flight of the car, and before and after its landing. And his light was so bright that it surpassed the sun.
6. The power of the explosion is estimated by experts at 40-50 megatons. This is a thousand times the power atomic bomb that America dropped on Hiroshima.

Finally

The place where the Tunguska meteorite fell (which area of ​​​​the epicenter of events indicated above is Krasnoyarsk region) is still of interest to researchers. Perhaps this phenomenon is one of the most mysterious events of the last century. Whether it will ever be solved is unknown.